The Titanic
What was the probability of survival on the Titanic based on a passengers class, sex, and age?
Question
Data Breakdown
PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.2500 | S | |
2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Thayer) | female | 38 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C |
3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.9250 | S | |
4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1000 | C123 | S |
5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.0500 | S | |
6 | 0 | 3 | Moran, Mr. James | male | 0 | 0 | 330877 | 8.4583 | Q |
Number of Passengers: 891
Probability
Probability is the measure of how likely a specific event or outcome is to happen.
The formula for probability is
\(P(A) = \frac{\text{Number of times A occurs}}{\text{Total number of possible outcomes}}\)
For the titanic
\(P(Survival) = \frac{\text{Number of survivors}}{\text{Total passengers}}\)
Probability of Survival: 0.3838384 or 38%
The probability of surviving the sinking of the Titanic was approximately 38%.
Survival
This chart shows that more passengers died in the sinking of the Titanic than survived. We want to know how different factors impacted a passengers survival.
Probability by Gender
\(P(Survival | Female) = \frac{\text{Female survivors}}{\text{Total female passengers}}\)
Female passengers had a survival rate of approximately 74%
\(P(Survival | Male) = \frac{\text{Male survivors}}{\text{Total male passengers}}\)
Male passengers had a survival rate of approximately 19%
Female passengers had a higher survival rate than male passengers. This was likely due to the women and children being prioritized for lifeboat evacuation.
Visualizing Gender Survival
Probability by Class
Passengers traveled in first, second, or third class.
\(P(Survival | Class) = \frac{\text{Survivors in class}}{\text{Total passengers in class}}\)
First class passengers had a survival rate of approximately 63%
Second class passengers had a survival rate of approximately 47%
Third class passengers had a survival rate of approximately 24%
First class passengers had the highest survival rate, while third class passengers had this lowest. This is likely due to third class being trapped below deck and first class being prioritized in the evacuation.
Visualizing Class Survival
Passenger Info
From this analysis and the accompanying visualizations, the probability of a passengers survival did change depending on their gender, class, age, etc.