An analysis of human and financial impacts of weather and natural disasters in the USA
Christopher Pryke
2026-10-06
Synopsis
This early exploratory analysis of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) storm database demonstrates disparate health and economic impacts between severe incident types, but clearly demonstrates across the US that tornados pose the greatest risk to human life, while storms present risk to costly infrastructure. The patterns and locations of these events should be understood to separate people and infrastructure from disaster-prone areas.
Data Processing
Utilised Packages
library(readr)
library(dplyr)
library(lubridate)
library(xtable)
library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)Data Source
temp <- tempfile()
download.file('https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/repdata%2Fdata%2FStormData.csv.bz2', temp)
StormData <- read_csv(temp, show_col_types = FALSE)
unlink(temp)
StormData <- mutate(StormData, year = year(mdy_hms(BGN_DATE)))Cleaning and Transformation
The database included multiple categorisations of the same type of events; for this reason a new schema was designed for exploratory analysis. This is complicated by inconsistencies throughout the event type (“EVTYPE”) data reported.
tornado <- c(
unique(
StormData[grepl('Torn', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('nado', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
)
)
storm <- c(
unique(
StormData[grepl('tstm', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('hail', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('storm', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('winds', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('spout', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[
grepl('microburst', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE),
]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[
grepl('turbulance', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE),
]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('spout', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[
grepl('hvy rain', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE),
]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[
grepl('hurricane', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE),
]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('funnel', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('wnd', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('wind', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('lightn', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[
grepl('precipita', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE),
]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[
grepl('downburst', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE),
]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('typhoon', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
)
)
flood <- c(
unique(
StormData[grepl('floo', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[
grepl('mud', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE),
]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[
grepl('prolonged rain', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE),
]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('fld', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[
grepl('dam break', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE),
]$EVTYPE
)
)
cold <- c(
unique(
StormData[
grepl('hypothermia', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE),
]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[
grepl('cold', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE) &
!grepl('tornado', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE),
]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('chill', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('snow', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('ice', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('sleet', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('freez', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('frost', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[
grepl('blizzard', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE),
]$EVTYPE
)
)
heat <- c(
unique(
StormData[grepl('heat', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('warm', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('hot', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
)
)
fire <- c(unique(
StormData[grepl('fire', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
))
surge <- c(
unique(
StormData[grepl('surge', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
),
unique(
StormData[grepl('tide', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
)
)
tsunami <- c(
unique(
StormData[grepl('tsunami', StormData$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE), ]$EVTYPE
)
)
other <- c(
setdiff(StormData$EVTYPE, c(storm, flood, cold, heat, fire, surge, tsunami))
)
other <- other[-grep('summary', other, ignore.case = T)]
categories <- list(
tornado = tornado,
storm = storm,
flood = flood,
cold = cold,
heat = heat,
fire = fire,
surge = surge,
tsunami = tsunami,
other = other
)
print(lengths(categories))## tornado storm flood cold heat fire surge tsunami other
## 33 627 127 316 40 11 10 1 182Above table reports the number of EVTYPE categories from the database amalgamated into each grouping. See appendix for complete breakdown of groupings.
Cost impacts of each event were converted from shorthand to numerical values
StormData <- StormData |>
mutate(
cost = if_else(
PROPDMGEXP == 'K', 10^3,
if_else(PROPDMGEXP == 'M', 10^6,
if_else(PROPDMGEXP == 'B', 10^9,
1))),
cost = cost * PROPDMG,
cost = if_else(is.na(cost), 0, cost)
)And using simplified event categories, events were categorised for analysis. The function “Position” used here allows only one category to be returned; this is an important consideration for the order in which the categories are listed. Thus, a storm that caused localised flooding is marked as a storm event, and there is nothing marked as ‘other’ that could have been categorized elsewhere. A critique of this grouping is the large overlap between tornados an storms, where any storm that involved a tornado is now classes as all damages being caused by tornados. This would require substantial research time to differentiate these impacts in detail.
for (i in 1:nrow(StormData)) {
StormData[[i, 'eventclass']] <- names(categories[(Position(\(x) {StormData[[i,'EVTYPE']] %in% x}, categories))])
}Results
Across the United States, which types of events (as indicated in the EVTYPE
EVTYPEstart color red, start verbatim, EVTYPE, end verbatim, end color red variable) are most harmful with respect to population health?
SummaryEVTYPE <- StormData |>
group_by(EVTYPE) |>
summarise(
fatalities = sum(FATALITIES),
injuries = sum(INJURIES),
cost = sum(cost),
n = n()
) |>
arrange(-fatalities)
print(head(SummaryEVTYPE))## # A tibble: 6 × 5
## EVTYPE fatalities injuries cost n
## <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <int>
## 1 TORNADO 5633 91346 56925660787. 60652
## 2 EXCESSIVE HEAT 1903 6525 7753700 1678
## 3 FLASH FLOOD 978 1777 16140861860. 54278
## 4 HEAT 937 2100 1797000 767
## 5 LIGHTNING 816 5230 928659444. 15755
## 6 TSTM WIND 504 6957 4493028495 219944This summary is incomplete, however, due to the aformentioned untidy EVTYPE categorisations. After applying the data cleaning step above, we can establish a more accurate view of the data.
SummaryNewCategories <- StormData |>
group_by(eventclass) |>
summarise(
fatalities = sum(FATALITIES),
injuries = sum(INJURIES),
cost = sum(cost),
n = n()
) |>
arrange(-fatalities)
df <- reshape2::melt(SummaryNewCategories[c('eventclass','fatalities','injuries')], id = 'eventclass')
ggplot(df, aes(x = eventclass, y = value, fill = variable)) +
geom_col(position = 'dodge') +
labs(title = 'Direct health impact of weather events',y = 'Recorded events',x = NULL, fill = NULL)
As we can see above, tornado has by far the largest direct
impact on human health.
Across the United States, which types of events have the greatest economic consequences?
SummaryNewCategories <- SummaryNewCategories |>
arrange(-cost)
df <- reshape2::melt(SummaryNewCategories[c('eventclass','cost')], id = 'eventclass')
ggplot(df, aes(x = eventclass, y = value)) +
geom_col() +
labs(title = 'Direct economic impact by event type', y = 'USD', x = NULL) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::label_currency())
This above graph shows the greatest damages cost directly related to
weather events is storm with a total damage bill over the
duration of records of $1.8583202^{11}.
Appendix
All EVTYPE (event type) records noted in the database and how they have been categorised for analysis:
print(categories)## $tornado
## [1] "TORNADO" "TORNADO F0"
## [3] "TORNADOS" "WATERSPOUT/TORNADO"
## [5] "WATERSPOUT TORNADO" "WATERSPOUT-TORNADO"
## [7] "TORNADOES, TSTM WIND, HAIL" "COLD AIR TORNADO"
## [9] "WATERSPOUT/ TORNADO" "TORNADO F3"
## [11] "TORNDAO" "TORNADO F1"
## [13] "TORNADO/WATERSPOUT" "TORNADO F2"
## [15] "TORNADOES" "TORNADO DEBRIS"
## [17] "TORNADO" "TORNADO F0"
## [19] "GUSTNADO AND" "TORNADOS"
## [21] "WATERSPOUT/TORNADO" "WATERSPOUT TORNADO"
## [23] "WATERSPOUT-TORNADO" "TORNADOES, TSTM WIND, HAIL"
## [25] "GUSTNADO" "COLD AIR TORNADO"
## [27] "WATERSPOUT/ TORNADO" "TORNADO F3"
## [29] "TORNADO F1" "TORNADO/WATERSPOUT"
## [31] "TORNADO F2" "TORNADOES"
## [33] "TORNADO DEBRIS"
##
## $storm
## [1] "TSTM WIND" "TORNADOES, TSTM WIND, HAIL"
## [3] "TSTM WIND 51" "TSTM WIND 50"
## [5] "TSTM WIND 52" "TSTM WIND 55"
## [7] "TSTM WIND G58" "TSTM WIND DAMAGE"
## [9] "TSTM WINDS" "TSTMW"
## [11] "TSTM WIND 65)" "TSTM WIND/HAIL"
## [13] "Tstm Wind" "TSTM WIND (G45)"
## [15] "TSTM HEAVY RAIN" "TSTM WIND 40"
## [17] "TSTM WIND 45" "TSTM WIND (41)"
## [19] "TSTM WIND (G40)" "TSTM WND"
## [21] "TSTM WIND AND LIGHTNING" "TSTM WIND (G45)"
## [23] "TSTM WIND (G35)" "TSTM"
## [25] "TSTM WIND G45" "NON-TSTM WIND"
## [27] "NON TSTM WIND" "MARINE TSTM WIND"
## [29] "HAIL" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HAIL"
## [31] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HAIL" "HAIL 1.75)"
## [33] "HAIL STORM" "HAIL 75"
## [35] "TORNADOES, TSTM WIND, HAIL" "SMALL HAIL"
## [37] "HAIL 80" "FUNNEL CLOUD/HAIL"
## [39] "HAIL 0.75" "HAIL 1.00"
## [41] "HAIL/WINDS" "HAIL/WIND"
## [43] "HAIL 1.75" "WIND/HAIL"
## [45] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ HAIL" "HAIL 225"
## [47] "HAIL 0.88" "DEEP HAIL"
## [49] "HAIL 88" "HAIL 175"
## [51] "HAIL 100" "HAIL 150"
## [53] "HAIL 075" "HAIL 125"
## [55] "HAIL 200" "HAIL FLOODING"
## [57] "HAIL DAMAGE" "THUNDERSTORM HAIL"
## [59] "HAIL 088" "THUNDERSTORM WINDSHAIL"
## [61] "HAIL/ICY ROADS" "HAIL ALOFT"
## [63] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/HAIL" "HAIL 275"
## [65] "HAIL 450" "HAILSTORM"
## [67] "HAILSTORMS" "TSTM WIND/HAIL"
## [69] "small hail" "Hail(0.75)"
## [71] "Small Hail" "GUSTY WIND/HAIL"
## [73] "LATE SEASON HAIL" "NON SEVERE HAIL"
## [75] "MARINE HAIL" "ICE STORM/FLASH FLOOD"
## [77] "WINTER STORM" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [79] "THUNDERSTORM WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WINS"
## [81] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LIGHTNING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HAIL"
## [83] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HAIL" "FLASH FLOODING/THUNDERSTORM WI"
## [85] "THUNDERSTORM" "ICE STORM"
## [87] "DUST STORM" "HAIL STORM"
## [89] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FUNNEL CLOU" "WINTER STORM/HIGH WIND"
## [91] "WINTER STORM/HIGH WINDS" "HIGH WINDS DUST STORM"
## [93] "WINTER STORM HIGH WINDS" "WINTER STORMS"
## [95] "RAINSTORM" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM"
## [97] "SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [99] "THUNDERSTORMS WINDS" "THUNDERSTORMS"
## [101] "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDSS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 60"
## [103] "THUNDERSTORM WINDSS" "STORM SURGE"
## [105] "TROPICAL STORM ALBERTO" "TROPICAL STORM"
## [107] "TROPICAL STORM GORDON" "TROPICAL STORM JERRY"
## [109] "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS" "LIGHTNING AND THUNDERSTORM WIN"
## [111] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS53" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 13"
## [113] "SLEET/ICE STORM" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS URBAN FLOOD"
## [115] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS SMALL STREA" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 2"
## [117] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 61" "THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE"
## [119] "WIND STORM" "SNOWSTORM"
## [121] "THUNDERSTORMW 50" "SNOW AND ICE STORM"
## [123] "THUNDERSTORMS WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [125] "TUNDERSTORM WIND" "TROPICAL STORM DEAN"
## [127] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ HAIL" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/LIGHTNING"
## [129] "THUNDESTORM WINDS" "HEAVY SNOW/ICE STORM"
## [131] "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE STORM" "THUNDERSTORM WIND G50"
## [133] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HEAVY RAIN" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LE CEN"
## [135] "ICE STORM AND SNOW" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G"
## [137] "GLAZE/ICE STORM" "HEAVY SNOW/WINTER STORM"
## [139] "BLIZZARD/WINTER STORM" "DUST STORM/HIGH WINDS"
## [141] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G60" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS."
## [143] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G55" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G60"
## [145] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS FUNNEL CLOU" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 62"
## [147] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLASH FLOOD" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 53"
## [149] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 52"
## [151] "SNOW/ICE STORM" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 69"
## [153] "THUNDERSTORMW WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 60 MPH"
## [155] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 65MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREES"
## [157] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/AWNING" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 98 MPH"
## [159] "THUNDERSTORM WIND TREES" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH"
## [161] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 63 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREE"
## [163] "THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE TO" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 65 MPH"
## [165] "THUNDERSTORM WIND." "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH."
## [167] "THUNDERSTORM HAIL" "THUNDERSTORM WINDSHAIL"
## [169] "THUDERSTORM WINDS" "STORM FORCE WINDS"
## [171] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS AND" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 50"
## [173] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G52" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 52"
## [175] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G51" "THUNDERSTORM WIND G61"
## [177] "THUNDERESTORM WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLOODING"
## [179] "THUNDEERSTORM WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM W INDS"
## [181] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 50" "THUNERSTORM WINDS"
## [183] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 56" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/HAIL"
## [185] "THUNDERSTORMW" "HAILSTORM"
## [187] "HAILSTORMS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ FLOOD"
## [189] "THUNDERSTORMWINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HEAVY RAIN"
## [191] "DUSTSTORM" "COASTAL STORM"
## [193] "Thunderstorm Wind" "Coastal Storm"
## [195] "Metro Storm, May 26" "COASTALSTORM"
## [197] "Icestorm/Blizzard" "THUNDERSTORM WIND (G40)"
## [199] "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WINDS" "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [201] "SLEET STORM" "STORM SURGE/TIDE"
## [203] "MARINE THUNDERSTORM WIND" "HURRICANE OPAL/HIGH WINDS"
## [205] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS" "HIGH WINDS"
## [207] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LIGHTNING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HAIL"
## [209] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HAIL" "HIGH WINDS HEAVY RAINS"
## [211] "HIGH WINDS AND WIND CHILL" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS/FREEZING"
## [213] "HIGH WINDS/HEAVY RAIN" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FUNNEL CLOU"
## [215] "WINTER STORM/HIGH WINDS" "GUSTY WINDS"
## [217] "STRONG WINDS" "HIGH WINDS DUST STORM"
## [219] "WINTER STORM HIGH WINDS" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [221] "THUNDERSTORMS WINDS" "FLOOD/RAIN/WINDS"
## [223] "WINDS" "FLASH FLOOD WINDS"
## [225] "DOWNBURST WINDS" "DRY MICROBURST WINDS"
## [227] "DRY MIRCOBURST WINDS" "MICROBURST WINDS"
## [229] "HIGH WINDS 57" "HIGH WINDS 66"
## [231] "HIGH WINDS 76" "HIGH WINDS 63"
## [233] "HIGH WINDS 67" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS"
## [235] "HIGH WINDS 82" "HIGH WINDS 80"
## [237] "HIGH WINDS 58" "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDSS"
## [239] "HIGH WINDS 73" "HIGH WINDS 55"
## [241] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 60" "THUNDERSTORM WINDSS"
## [243] "HIGH WINDS/FLOODING" "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [245] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS53" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 13"
## [247] "HIGH WINDS/" "HIGH WINDS"
## [249] "GRADIENT WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS URBAN FLOOD"
## [251] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS SMALL STREA" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 2"
## [253] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 61" "THUNDERTORM WINDS"
## [255] "HAIL/WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [257] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ HAIL" "THUNDESTORM WINDS"
## [259] "HIGH WINDS/COASTAL FLOOD" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HEAVY RAIN"
## [261] "THUNDERSTROM WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LE CEN"
## [263] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G" "DUST STORM/HIGH WINDS"
## [265] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS." "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G60"
## [267] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS FUNNEL CLOU" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 62"
## [269] "HEAVY SNOW AND HIGH WINDS" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS & FLOOD"
## [271] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLASH FLOOD" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 53"
## [273] "LIGHTNING AND WINDS" "THUNDERSTORMW WINDS"
## [275] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 63 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WINDSHAIL"
## [277] "THUDERSTORM WINDS" "STORM FORCE WINDS"
## [279] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS AND" "HEAVY RAIN; URBAN FLOOD WINDS;"
## [281] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 50" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 52"
## [283] "THUNDERESTORM WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLOODING"
## [285] "THUNDEERSTORM WINDS" "THUNERSTORM WINDS"
## [287] "HIGH WINDS/COLD" "COLD/WINDS"
## [289] "ICE/STRONG WINDS" "SNOW/HIGH WINDS"
## [291] "HIGH WINDS/SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW AND STRONG WINDS"
## [293] "TSTM WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ FLOOD"
## [295] "THUNDERSTORMWINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HEAVY RAIN"
## [297] "Strong Winds" "Strong winds"
## [299] "Gusty Winds" "Gusty winds"
## [301] "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WINDS" "WATERSPOUT"
## [303] "WATER SPOUT" "WATERSPOUT/TORNADO"
## [305] "WATERSPOUTS" "WATERSPOUT TORNADO"
## [307] "WATERSPOUT-TORNADO" "WATERSPOUT-"
## [309] "WAYTERSPOUT" "WATERSPOUT/ TORNADO"
## [311] "DUST DEVIL WATERSPOUT" "WATERSPOUT/"
## [313] "TORNADO/WATERSPOUT" "WATERSPOUT FUNNEL CLOUD"
## [315] "LANDSPOUT" "DRY MICROBURST"
## [317] "DRY MICROBURST 61" "MICROBURST"
## [319] "WET MICROBURST" "DRY MICROBURST WINDS"
## [321] "DRY MICROBURST 53" "MICROBURST WINDS"
## [323] "DRY MICROBURST 50" "DRY MICROBURST 58"
## [325] "DRY MICROBURST 84" "Microburst"
## [327] "WATERSPOUT" "WATER SPOUT"
## [329] "WATERSPOUT/TORNADO" "WATERSPOUTS"
## [331] "WATERSPOUT TORNADO" "WATERSPOUT-TORNADO"
## [333] "WATERSPOUT-" "WAYTERSPOUT"
## [335] "WATERSPOUT/ TORNADO" "DUST DEVIL WATERSPOUT"
## [337] "WATERSPOUT/" "TORNADO/WATERSPOUT"
## [339] "WATERSPOUT FUNNEL CLOUD" "LANDSPOUT"
## [341] "HVY RAIN" "GUSTY WIND/HVY RAIN"
## [343] "HURRICANE OPAL/HIGH WINDS" "HURRICANE ERIN"
## [345] "HURRICANE OPAL" "HURRICANE"
## [347] "HURRICANE-GENERATED SWELLS" "HURRICANE EMILY"
## [349] "HURRICANE GORDON" "HURRICANE FELIX"
## [351] "Hurricane Edouard" "HURRICANE/TYPHOON"
## [353] "FUNNEL CLOUD" "FUNNEL"
## [355] "WALL CLOUD/FUNNEL CLOUD" "FUNNEL CLOUDS"
## [357] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FUNNEL CLOU" "COLD AIR FUNNEL"
## [359] "COLD AIR FUNNELS" "FUNNEL CLOUD/HAIL"
## [361] "FUNNEL CLOUD." "THUNDERSTORM WINDS FUNNEL CLOU"
## [363] "FUNNELS" "WATERSPOUT FUNNEL CLOUD"
## [365] "Funnel Cloud" "TSTM WND"
## [367] "WND" "TSTM WIND"
## [369] "HURRICANE OPAL/HIGH WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [371] "THUNDERSTORM WIND" "HIGH WINDS"
## [373] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LIGHTNING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HAIL"
## [375] "WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HAIL"
## [377] "HIGH WIND" "WIND CHILL"
## [379] "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD" "HIGH WIND AND HIGH TIDES"
## [381] "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD/FREEZING RA" "HIGH WIND AND HEAVY SNOW"
## [383] "RECORD COLD AND HIGH WIND" "HIGH WINDS HEAVY RAINS"
## [385] "HIGH WIND/ BLIZZARD" "BLIZZARD/HIGH WIND"
## [387] "HIGH WIND/LOW WIND CHILL" "HIGH WINDS AND WIND CHILL"
## [389] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS/FREEZING" "WIND CHILL/HIGH WIND"
## [391] "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL/BLIZZARD" "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL"
## [393] "HIGH WIND/HEAVY SNOW" "HIGH WIND/SEAS"
## [395] "HIGH WINDS/HEAVY RAIN" "HEAVY SNOW/WIND"
## [397] "WIND DAMAGE" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FUNNEL CLOU"
## [399] "WINTER STORM/HIGH WIND" "WINTER STORM/HIGH WINDS"
## [401] "GUSTY WINDS" "STRONG WINDS"
## [403] "SNOW AND WIND" "HIGH WINDS DUST STORM"
## [405] "WINTER STORM HIGH WINDS" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [407] "THUNDERSTORMS WINDS" "FLOOD/RAIN/WINDS"
## [409] "WINDS" "FLASH FLOOD WINDS"
## [411] "STRONG WIND" "HIGH WIND DAMAGE"
## [413] "FLOOD/RAIN/WIND" "DOWNBURST WINDS"
## [415] "DRY MICROBURST WINDS" "DRY MIRCOBURST WINDS"
## [417] "MICROBURST WINDS" "HIGH WINDS 57"
## [419] "HIGH WINDS 66" "HIGH WINDS 76"
## [421] "HIGH WINDS 63" "HIGH WINDS 67"
## [423] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS" "HIGH WINDS 82"
## [425] "HIGH WINDS 80" "HIGH WINDS 58"
## [427] "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDSS" "HIGH WINDS 73"
## [429] "HIGH WINDS 55" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 60"
## [431] "THUNDERSTORM WINDSS" "HIGH WINDS/FLOODING"
## [433] "TORNADOES, TSTM WIND, HAIL" "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [435] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS53" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 13"
## [437] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WIND" "HIGH WINDS/"
## [439] "EXTREME WIND CHILLS" "HIGH WINDS"
## [441] "EXTREME WIND CHILL" "GRADIENT WINDS"
## [443] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS URBAN FLOOD" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS SMALL STREA"
## [445] "BLOWING SNOW- EXTREME WIND CHI" "SNOW- HIGH WIND- WIND CHILL"
## [447] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 2" "TSTM WIND 51"
## [449] "TSTM WIND 50" "TSTM WIND 52"
## [451] "TSTM WIND 55" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 61"
## [453] "THUNDERTORM WINDS" "HAIL/WINDS"
## [455] "WIND STORM" "HAIL/WIND"
## [457] "WIND/HAIL" "THUNDERSTORMS WIND"
## [459] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS" "TUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [461] "THUNDERTSORM WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ HAIL"
## [463] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/LIGHTNING" "THUNDESTORM WINDS"
## [465] "HIGH WIND 63" "HIGH WINDS/COASTAL FLOOD"
## [467] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G50" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HEAVY RAIN"
## [469] "THUNDERSTROM WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LE CEN"
## [471] "BLIZZARD AND EXTREME WIND CHIL" "LOW WIND CHILL"
## [473] "BLOWING SNOW & EXTREME WIND CH" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G"
## [475] "DUST STORM/HIGH WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WIND G60"
## [477] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS." "THUNDERSTORM WIND G55"
## [479] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G60" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS FUNNEL CLOU"
## [481] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 62" "HEAVY SNOW AND HIGH WINDS"
## [483] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS & FLOOD" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLASH FLOOD"
## [485] "HIGH WIND 70" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 53"
## [487] "RAIN AND WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59"
## [489] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 52" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 69"
## [491] "LIGHTNING AND WINDS" "TSTM WIND G58"
## [493] "THUNDERSTORMW WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 60 MPH"
## [495] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 65MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREES"
## [497] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/AWNING" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 98 MPH"
## [499] "THUNDERSTORM WIND TREES" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH"
## [501] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 63 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREE"
## [503] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 65 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WIND."
## [505] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH." "THUNDERSTORM WINDSHAIL"
## [507] "THUDERSTORM WINDS" "STORM FORCE WINDS"
## [509] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS AND" "HEAVY RAIN; URBAN FLOOD WINDS;"
## [511] "TSTM WIND DAMAGE" "RAIN/WIND"
## [513] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 50" "THUNDERSTORM WIND G52"
## [515] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 52" "THUNDERSTORM WIND G51"
## [517] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G61" "THUNDERESTORM WINDS"
## [519] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLOODING" "THUNDEERSTORM WINDS"
## [521] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 50" "THUNERSTORM WINDS"
## [523] "HIGH WINDS/COLD" "COLD/WINDS"
## [525] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 56" "ICE/STRONG WINDS"
## [527] "EXTREME WIND CHILL/BLOWING SNO" "SNOW/HIGH WINDS"
## [529] "HIGH WINDS/SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW AND STRONG WINDS"
## [531] "BLOWING SNOW/EXTREME WIND CHIL" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/HAIL"
## [533] "TSTM WINDS" "TSTM WIND 65)"
## [535] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ FLOOD" "HIGH WIND AND SEAS"
## [537] "THUNDERSTORMWINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HEAVY RAIN"
## [539] "THUNDERSTROM WIND" "HIGH WIND 48"
## [541] "EXTREME WINDCHILL" "TSTM WIND/HAIL"
## [543] "High Wind" "Tstm Wind"
## [545] "Wind" "Wind Damage"
## [547] "Strong Wind" "Heavy Rain and Wind"
## [549] "Thunderstorm Wind" "HEAVY RAIN/WIND"
## [551] "Strong Winds" "Strong winds"
## [553] "Whirlwind" "Gusty Wind"
## [555] "Gradient wind" "Gusty wind/rain"
## [557] "GUSTY WIND/HVY RAIN" "TSTM WIND (G45)"
## [559] "Gusty Winds" "GUSTY WIND"
## [561] "TSTM WIND 40" "TSTM WIND 45"
## [563] "TSTM WIND (41)" "TSTM WIND (G40)"
## [565] "STRONG WIND GUST" "Gusty winds"
## [567] "GRADIENT WIND" "Flood/Strong Wind"
## [569] "TSTM WIND AND LIGHTNING" "gradient wind"
## [571] "Heavy surf and wind" "TSTM WIND (G45)"
## [573] "HIGH WIND (G40)" "TSTM WIND (G35)"
## [575] "WAKE LOW WIND" "COLD WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES"
## [577] "BITTER WIND CHILL" "BITTER WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES"
## [579] "WIND ADVISORY" "GUSTY WIND/HAIL"
## [581] "EXTREME WINDCHILL TEMPERATURES" "WIND AND WAVE"
## [583] "TSTM WIND G45" "NON-SEVERE WIND DAMAGE"
## [585] "THUNDERSTORM WIND (G40)" "WIND GUSTS"
## [587] "GUSTY LAKE WIND" "NON-TSTM WIND"
## [589] "NON TSTM WIND" "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [591] "MARINE TSTM WIND" "WHIRLWIND"
## [593] "EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL" "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [595] "COLD/WIND CHILL" "MARINE HIGH WIND"
## [597] "MARINE THUNDERSTORM WIND" "MARINE STRONG WIND"
## [599] "LIGHTNING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LIGHTNING"
## [601] "LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAIN" "HEAVY RAIN/LIGHTNING"
## [603] "LIGHTNING/HEAVY RAIN" "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDSS"
## [605] "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS" "LIGHTNING INJURY"
## [607] "LIGHTNING AND THUNDERSTORM WIN" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/LIGHTNING"
## [609] "LIGHTNING." "LIGHTNING FIRE"
## [611] "LIGHTNING DAMAGE" "LIGHTNING AND WINDS"
## [613] "LIGHTNING WAUSEON" "TSTM WIND AND LIGHTNING"
## [615] "NORMAL PRECIPITATION" "BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION"
## [617] "HEAVY PRECIPITATION" "EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION"
## [619] "Heavy Precipitation" "Mixed Precipitation"
## [621] "MONTHLY PRECIPITATION" "MIXED PRECIPITATION"
## [623] "RECORD PRECIPITATION" "DOWNBURST"
## [625] "DOWNBURST WINDS" "TYPHOON"
## [627] "HURRICANE/TYPHOON"
##
## $flood
## [1] "ICE STORM/FLASH FLOOD" "FLASH FLOOD"
## [3] "FLASH FLOODING" "FLOODING"
## [5] "FLOOD" "FLASH FLOODING/THUNDERSTORM WI"
## [7] "BREAKUP FLOODING" "RIVER FLOOD"
## [9] "COASTAL FLOOD" "FLOOD WATCH/"
## [11] "FLASH FLOODS" "FLOODING/HEAVY RAIN"
## [13] "HEAVY SURF COASTAL FLOODING" "URBAN FLOODING"
## [15] "URBAN/SMALL FLOODING" "LOCAL FLOOD"
## [17] "FLOOD/FLASH FLOOD" "FLOOD/RAIN/WINDS"
## [19] "FLASH FLOOD WINDS" "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOODING"
## [21] "STREAM FLOODING" "FLASH FLOOD/"
## [23] "FLOOD/RAIN/WIND" "SMALL STREAM URBAN FLOOD"
## [25] "URBAN FLOOD" "HEAVY RAIN/FLOODING"
## [27] "COASTAL FLOODING" "HIGH WINDS/FLOODING"
## [29] "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "MINOR FLOODING"
## [31] "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOOD"
## [33] "SMALL STREAM FLOODING" "FLOODS"
## [35] "SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOODIN" "SMALL STREAM/URBAN FLOOD"
## [37] "SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOOD" "RURAL FLOOD"
## [39] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS URBAN FLOOD" "MAJOR FLOOD"
## [41] "ICE JAM FLOODING" "STREET FLOOD"
## [43] "SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "LAKE FLOOD"
## [45] "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOODIN" "RIVER AND STREAM FLOOD"
## [47] "MINOR FLOOD" "HIGH WINDS/COASTAL FLOOD"
## [49] "RIVER FLOODING" "FLOOD/RIVER FLOOD"
## [51] "MUD SLIDES URBAN FLOODING" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS & FLOOD"
## [53] "HAIL FLOODING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLASH FLOOD"
## [55] "HEAVY RAIN AND FLOOD" "LOCAL FLASH FLOOD"
## [57] "FLOOD/FLASH FLOODING" "COASTAL/TIDAL FLOOD"
## [59] "FLASH FLOOD/FLOOD" "FLASH FLOOD FROM ICE JAMS"
## [61] "FLASH FLOOD - HEAVY RAIN" "FLASH FLOOD/ STREET"
## [63] "FLASH FLOOD/HEAVY RAIN" "HEAVY RAIN; URBAN FLOOD WINDS;"
## [65] "FLOOD FLASH" "FLOOD FLOOD/FLASH"
## [67] "TIDAL FLOOD" "FLOOD/FLASH"
## [69] "HEAVY RAINS/FLOODING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLOODING"
## [71] "HIGHWAY FLOODING" "FLASH FLOOD/ FLOOD"
## [73] "HEAVY RAIN/MUDSLIDES/FLOOD" "BEACH EROSION/COASTAL FLOOD"
## [75] "SNOWMELT FLOODING" "FLASH FLOODING/FLOOD"
## [77] "FLASH FLOOODING" "BEACH FLOOD"
## [79] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ FLOOD" "FLOOD & HEAVY RAIN"
## [81] "FLOOD/FLASHFLOOD" "URBAN SMALL STREAM FLOOD"
## [83] "URBAN FLOOD LANDSLIDE" "URBAN FLOODS"
## [85] "HEAVY RAIN/URBAN FLOOD" "FLASH FLOOD/LANDSLIDE"
## [87] "LANDSLIDE/URBAN FLOOD" "FLASH FLOOD LANDSLIDES"
## [89] "Minor Flooding" "Ice jam flood (minor"
## [91] "Coastal Flooding" "COASTALFLOOD"
## [93] "Erosion/Cstl Flood" "Tidal Flooding"
## [95] "River Flooding" "Flood/Flash Flood"
## [97] "STREET FLOODING" "Flood"
## [99] "TIDAL FLOODING" "Urban Flooding"
## [101] "Urban flood" "Urban Flood"
## [103] "Coastal Flood" "coastal flooding"
## [105] "Flood/Strong Wind" "COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION"
## [107] "URBAN/STREET FLOODING" "COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION"
## [109] "FLOOD/FLASH/FLOOD" "CSTL FLOODING/EROSION"
## [111] "LAKESHORE FLOOD" "MUDSLIDES"
## [113] "MUD SLIDE" "MUD SLIDES"
## [115] "MUD SLIDES URBAN FLOODING" "MUDSLIDE"
## [117] "HEAVY RAIN/MUDSLIDES/FLOOD" "MUD/ROCK SLIDE"
## [119] "Mudslide" "Mudslides"
## [121] "MUDSLIDE/LANDSLIDE" "PROLONGED RAIN"
## [123] "URBAN/SML STREAM FLD" "Sml Stream Fld"
## [125] "URBAN/SML STREAM FLDG" "URBAN/SMALL STRM FLDG"
## [127] "DAM BREAK"
##
## $cold
## [1] "HYPOTHERMIA" "Hypothermia/Exposure"
## [3] "HYPOTHERMIA/EXPOSURE" "RECORD COLD"
## [5] "COLD" "EXTREME COLD"
## [7] "RECORD COLD AND HIGH WIND" "UNSEASONABLY COLD"
## [9] "EXTREME/RECORD COLD" "SEVERE COLD"
## [11] "COLD WAVE" "COLD AND WET CONDITIONS"
## [13] "COLD AIR FUNNEL" "COLD AIR FUNNELS"
## [15] "PROLONG COLD" "FOG AND COLD TEMPERATURES"
## [17] "SNOW/COLD" "RECORD COLD/FROST"
## [19] "RECORD SNOW/COLD" "HIGH WINDS/COLD"
## [21] "COLD/WINDS" "SNOW/ BITTER COLD"
## [23] "COLD WEATHER" "SNOW AND COLD"
## [25] "PROLONG COLD/SNOW" "SNOW\\COLD"
## [27] "Unseasonable Cold" "Record Cold"
## [29] "Extreme Cold" "Excessive Cold"
## [31] "Extended Cold" "Cold"
## [33] "Cold Temperature" "COLD AND SNOW"
## [35] "Prolong Cold" "Cold and Frost"
## [37] "COLD AND FROST" "COLD TEMPERATURES"
## [39] "COLD WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES" "RECORD COLD"
## [41] "UNUSUALLY COLD" "EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL"
## [43] "COLD/WIND CHILL" "WIND CHILL"
## [45] "HIGH WIND/LOW WIND CHILL" "HIGH WINDS AND WIND CHILL"
## [47] "WIND CHILL/HIGH WIND" "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL/BLIZZARD"
## [49] "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL" "EXTREME WIND CHILLS"
## [51] "EXTREME WIND CHILL" "SNOW- HIGH WIND- WIND CHILL"
## [53] "LOW WIND CHILL" "EXTREME WIND CHILL/BLOWING SNO"
## [55] "EXTREME WINDCHILL" "COLD WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES"
## [57] "BITTER WIND CHILL" "BITTER WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES"
## [59] "EXTREME WINDCHILL TEMPERATURES" "EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL"
## [61] "COLD/WIND CHILL" "SNOW"
## [63] "SNOW/ICE" "HEAVY SNOW"
## [65] "HIGH WIND AND HEAVY SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH"
## [67] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS/FREEZING" "HIGH WIND/HEAVY SNOW"
## [69] "RECORD SNOWFALL" "HEAVY SNOW/WIND"
## [71] "SNOW AND WIND" "HEAVY SNOWPACK"
## [73] "BLIZZARD/HEAVY SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS"
## [75] "BLOWING SNOW" "LIGHT SNOW AND SLEET"
## [77] "FIRST SNOW" "SLEET/RAIN/SNOW"
## [79] "RAIN/SNOW" "SNOW/RAIN/SLEET"
## [81] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WIND" "FREEZING RAIN/SNOW"
## [83] "THUNDERSNOW" "HEAVY RAIN/SNOW"
## [85] "SNOW/SLEET/FREEZING RAIN" "EARLY SNOW"
## [87] "HEAVY SNOW/BLOWING SNOW" "BLOWING SNOW- EXTREME WIND CHI"
## [89] "SNOW AND HEAVY SNOW" "SNOW/HEAVY SNOW"
## [91] "SNOW- HIGH WIND- WIND CHILL" "ICE/SNOW"
## [93] "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD" "SNOW AND ICE"
## [95] "SNOWSTORM" "SNOW AND ICE STORM"
## [97] "HEAVY SNOW/SLEET" "HEAVY SNOW/ICE STORM"
## [99] "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE STORM" "SNOW/RAIN"
## [101] "SNOW SQUALLS" "SNOW SQUALL"
## [103] "HEAVY LAKE SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW/FREEZING RAIN"
## [105] "LAKE EFFECT SNOW" "HEAVY WET SNOW"
## [107] "BLIZZARD AND HEAVY SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE"
## [109] "ICE STORM AND SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW ANDBLOWING SNOW"
## [111] "HEAVY SNOW/ICE" "BLOWING SNOW & EXTREME WIND CH"
## [113] "HEAVY SNOW/WINTER STORM" "HEAVY SNOW AND HIGH WINDS"
## [115] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS & FLOOD" "WET SNOW"
## [117] "SNOW/ICE STORM" "LIGHT SNOW"
## [119] "RECORD SNOW" "SNOW/COLD"
## [121] "HEAVY SNOW SQUALLS" "HEAVY SNOW/SQUALLS"
## [123] "HEAVY SNOW-SQUALLS" "SNOW FREEZING RAIN"
## [125] "LACK OF SNOW" "SNOW/SLEET"
## [127] "SNOW/FREEZING RAIN" "SNOW DROUGHT"
## [129] "HEAVY SNOW FREEZING RAIN" "ICE AND SNOW"
## [131] "FREEZING RAIN AND SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW & ICE"
## [133] "SNOW SHOWERS" "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD/AVALANCHE"
## [135] "RECORD SNOW/COLD" "SNOW/ BITTER COLD"
## [137] "SNOW SLEET" "SNOW/HIGH WINDS"
## [139] "HIGH WINDS/SNOW" "SNOWMELT FLOODING"
## [141] "HEAVY SNOW AND STRONG WINDS" "SNOW ACCUMULATION"
## [143] "BLOWING SNOW/EXTREME WIND CHIL" "SNOW/ ICE"
## [145] "SNOW/BLOWING SNOW" "NEAR RECORD SNOW"
## [147] "SLEET/SNOW" "SNOW/SLEET/RAIN"
## [149] "SNOW AND COLD" "PROLONG COLD/SNOW"
## [151] "SNOW\\COLD" "SNOWFALL RECORD"
## [153] "HEAVY SNOW AND" "LAKE-EFFECT SNOW"
## [155] "Snow" "Snow Squalls"
## [157] "Light Snow/Flurries" "blowing snow"
## [159] "Late-season Snowfall" "Snow squalls"
## [161] "Ice/Snow" "Snow Accumulation"
## [163] "Drifting Snow" "Heavy snow shower"
## [165] "LATE SNOW" "Record May Snow"
## [167] "Record Winter Snow" "Light snow"
## [169] "Late Season Snowfall" "Light Snow"
## [171] "Snow and Ice" "Light Snowfall"
## [173] "Blowing Snow" "Early snowfall"
## [175] "Monthly Snowfall" "Seasonal Snowfall"
## [177] "Thundersnow shower" "COLD AND SNOW"
## [179] "Lake Effect Snow" "Snow and sleet"
## [181] "Mountain Snows" "MODERATE SNOW"
## [183] "MODERATE SNOWFALL" "SNOW AND SLEET"
## [185] "LIGHT SNOW/FREEZING PRECIP" "EARLY SNOWFALL"
## [187] "EXCESSIVE SNOW" "MONTHLY SNOWFALL"
## [189] "LATE SEASON SNOW" "SNOW ADVISORY"
## [191] "UNUSUALLY LATE SNOW" "ACCUMULATED SNOWFALL"
## [193] "FALLING SNOW/ICE" "ICE STORM/FLASH FLOOD"
## [195] "SNOW/ICE" "ICE STORM"
## [197] "ICE" "GLAZE ICE"
## [199] "SLEET/ICE STORM" "ICE JAM FLOODING"
## [201] "ICE/SNOW" "SNOW AND ICE"
## [203] "SNOW AND ICE STORM" "HEAVY SNOW/ICE STORM"
## [205] "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE STORM" "ICE FLOES"
## [207] "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE" "ICE STORM AND SNOW"
## [209] "HEAVY SNOW/ICE" "GLAZE/ICE STORM"
## [211] "ICE JAM" "SNOW/ICE STORM"
## [213] "FLASH FLOOD FROM ICE JAMS" "ICE AND SNOW"
## [215] "HEAVY SNOW & ICE" "ICE/STRONG WINDS"
## [217] "SNOW/ ICE" "Ice jam flood (minor"
## [219] "Ice Fog" "Ice/Snow"
## [221] "Black Ice" "Snow and Ice"
## [223] "BLACK ICE" "Icestorm/Blizzard"
## [225] "ICE PELLETS" "ICE ROADS"
## [227] "FALLING SNOW/ICE" "PATCHY ICE"
## [229] "ICE ON ROAD" "SLEET"
## [231] "LIGHT SNOW AND SLEET" "FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET"
## [233] "SLEET/RAIN/SNOW" "SNOW/RAIN/SLEET"
## [235] "SNOW/SLEET/FREEZING RAIN" "SLEET/ICE STORM"
## [237] "FREEZING RAIN/SLEET" "HEAVY SNOW/SLEET"
## [239] "SNOW/SLEET" "FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND"
## [241] "FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND LIGHT" "SLEET & FREEZING RAIN"
## [243] "SNOW SLEET" "SLEET/SNOW"
## [245] "SNOW/SLEET/RAIN" "SLEET/FREEZING RAIN"
## [247] "Snow and sleet" "SNOW AND SLEET"
## [249] "SLEET STORM" "FREEZING RAIN"
## [251] "FREEZE" "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD/FREEZING RA"
## [253] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS/FREEZING" "FREEZING DRIZZLE"
## [255] "FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET" "DAMAGING FREEZE"
## [257] "FREEZING RAIN/SNOW" "SNOW/SLEET/FREEZING RAIN"
## [259] "FREEZING RAIN/SLEET" "AGRICULTURAL FREEZE"
## [261] "BLIZZARD/FREEZING RAIN" "HEAVY SNOW/FREEZING RAIN"
## [263] "FROST\\FREEZE" "HARD FREEZE"
## [265] "SNOW FREEZING RAIN" "SNOW/FREEZING RAIN"
## [267] "HEAVY SNOW FREEZING RAIN" "FREEZING RAIN AND SNOW"
## [269] "FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND" "FREEZING DRIZZLE AND FREEZING"
## [271] "FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND LIGHT" "SLEET & FREEZING RAIN"
## [273] "EARLY FREEZE" "Freeze"
## [275] "Damaging Freeze" "Freezing Rain"
## [277] "Freezing Fog" "Freezing Spray"
## [279] "Freezing Drizzle" "SLEET/FREEZING RAIN"
## [281] "Frost/Freeze" "LATE FREEZE"
## [283] "Freezing rain" "Freezing drizzle"
## [285] "LIGHT SNOW/FREEZING PRECIP" "FREEZING FOG"
## [287] "LIGHT FREEZING RAIN" "FROST/FREEZE"
## [289] "FROST" "FROST\\FREEZE"
## [291] "RECORD COLD/FROST" "EARLY FROST"
## [293] "Early Frost" "Frost"
## [295] "Frost/Freeze" "Cold and Frost"
## [297] "COLD AND FROST" "FIRST FROST"
## [299] "FROST/FREEZE" "BLIZZARD"
## [301] "BLIZZARD WEATHER" "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD"
## [303] "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD/FREEZING RA" "HIGH WIND/ BLIZZARD"
## [305] "BLIZZARD/HIGH WIND" "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL/BLIZZARD"
## [307] "BLIZZARD/HEAVY SNOW" "GROUND BLIZZARD"
## [309] "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD" "BLIZZARD/FREEZING RAIN"
## [311] "BLIZZARD AND HEAVY SNOW" "BLIZZARD AND EXTREME WIND CHIL"
## [313] "BLIZZARD/WINTER STORM" "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD/AVALANCHE"
## [315] "Blizzard Summary" "Icestorm/Blizzard"
##
## $heat
## [1] "HEAT" "EXTREME HEAT"
## [3] "EXCESSIVE HEAT" "RECORD HEAT"
## [5] "HEAT WAVE" "DROUGHT/EXCESSIVE HEAT"
## [7] "RECORD HEAT WAVE" "RECORD/EXCESSIVE HEAT"
## [9] "HEAT WAVES" "HEAT WAVE DROUGHT"
## [11] "HEAT/DROUGHT" "HEAT DROUGHT"
## [13] "Heatburst" "Record Heat"
## [15] "Heat Wave" "EXCESSIVE HEAT/DROUGHT"
## [17] "RECORD WARMTH" "UNSEASONABLY WARM"
## [19] "WARM DRY CONDITIONS" "UNSEASONABLY WARM AND DRY"
## [21] "RECORD WARM TEMPS." "Record Warmth"
## [23] "ABNORMAL WARMTH" "UNUSUAL WARMTH"
## [25] "UNUSUAL/RECORD WARMTH" "UNSEASONABLY WARM YEAR"
## [27] "RECORD WARM" "UNSEASONABLY WARM/WET"
## [29] "UNUSUALLY WARM" "WARM WEATHER"
## [31] "UNSEASONABLY WARM & WET" "PROLONG WARMTH"
## [33] "VERY WARM" "DRY HOT WEATHER"
## [35] "HOT PATTERN" "HOT/DRY PATTERN"
## [37] "Hot and Dry" "HOT SPELL"
## [39] "UNSEASONABLY HOT" "HOT WEATHER"
##
## $fire
## [1] "WILD FIRES" "WILDFIRE" "WILD/FOREST FIRE"
## [4] "GRASS FIRES" "LIGHTNING FIRE" "FOREST FIRES"
## [7] "WILDFIRES" "WILD/FOREST FIRES" "BRUSH FIRES"
## [10] "BRUSH FIRE" "RED FLAG FIRE WX"
##
## $surge
## [1] "STORM SURGE" "COASTAL SURGE"
## [3] "STORM SURGE/TIDE" "HIGH WIND AND HIGH TIDES"
## [5] "HIGH TIDES" "BLOW-OUT TIDES"
## [7] "BLOW-OUT TIDE" "ASTRONOMICAL HIGH TIDE"
## [9] "STORM SURGE/TIDE" "ASTRONOMICAL LOW TIDE"
##
## $tsunami
## [1] "TSUNAMI"
##
## $other
## [1] "TORNADO" "HEAVY RAIN"
## [3] "DENSE FOG" "RIP CURRENT"
## [5] "TORNADO F0" "LIGHTING"
## [7] "HEAVY RAINS" "WALL CLOUD"
## [9] "RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURE" "RECORD HIGH"
## [11] "RECORD LOW" "LOW TEMPERATURE RECORD"
## [13] "AVALANCHE" "MARINE MISHAP"
## [15] "HIGH TEMPERATURE RECORD" "RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES"
## [17] "HIGH SEAS" "SEVERE TURBULENCE"
## [19] "RECORD RAINFALL" "APACHE COUNTY"
## [21] "DUST DEVIL" "HEAVY SURF"
## [23] "HEAVY PRECIPATATION" "HIGH SURF"
## [25] "BLOWING DUST" "URBAN/SMALL"
## [27] "HIGH" "URBAN AND SMALL"
## [29] "GUSTNADO AND" "TORNADOS"
## [31] "GLAZE" "UNSEASONABLY DRY"
## [33] "UNSEASONABLY WET" "WINTRY MIX"
## [35] "WINTER WEATHER" "RIP CURRENTS HEAVY SURF"
## [37] "DROUGHT" "DRY"
## [39] "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM" "LIGNTNING"
## [41] "COOL AND WET" "SMALL STREAM AND"
## [43] "EXCESSIVE WETNESS" "ROTATING WALL CLOUD"
## [45] "LARGE WALL CLOUD" "GUSTNADO"
## [47] "COLD AIR TORNADO" "FOG"
## [49] "HEAVY RAIN/SEVERE WEATHER" "RAIN"
## [51] "HIGH WAVES" "URBAN/SMALL STREAM"
## [53] "TORNADO F3" "TORNDAO"
## [55] "TORNADO F1" "AVALANCE"
## [57] "RIP CURRENTS/HEAVY SURF" "EXCESSIVE RAIN"
## [59] "RECORD TEMPERATURES" "OTHER"
## [61] "ICY ROADS" "HEAVY MIX"
## [63] "TORRENTIAL RAIN" "TORNADO F2"
## [65] "RIP CURRENTS" "DAM FAILURE"
## [67] "SOUTHEAST" "HIGH WATER"
## [69] "WET WEATHER" "RECORD/EXCESSIVE RAINFALL"
## [71] "BEACH EROSIN" "LOW TEMPERATURE"
## [73] "RAPIDLY RISING WATER" "TORNADOES"
## [75] "EXCESSIVE RAINFALL" "HEAVY RAINFALL"
## [77] "LANDSLIDE" "EXCESSIVE"
## [79] "HEAVY SEAS" "?"
## [81] "WINTER MIX" "DRY PATTERN"
## [83] "MILD/DRY PATTERN" "MILD PATTERN"
## [85] "LANDSLIDES" "HEAVY SHOWERS"
## [87] "SAHARAN DUST" "HEAVY SHOWER"
## [89] "HEAVY SWELLS" "URBAN SMALL"
## [91] "SMALL STREAM" "HEAVY RAIN/SMALL STREAM URBAN"
## [93] "Other" "Record dry month"
## [95] "Temperature record" "ROUGH SURF"
## [97] "Heavy Surf" "Dust Devil"
## [99] "Marine Accident" "Heavy Rain"
## [101] "Wet Month" "Wet Year"
## [103] "Beach Erosion" "Icy Roads"
## [105] "High Surf" "Heavy Rain/High Surf"
## [107] "Rain Damage" "Wintry Mix"
## [109] "Torrential Rainfall" "Landslump"
## [111] "Winter Weather" "Glaze"
## [113] "Heavy rain" "Record temperature"
## [115] "MIXED PRECIP" "wet micoburst"
## [117] "No Severe Weather" "Record Temperatures"
## [119] "Monthly Rainfall" "Saharan Dust"
## [121] "Volcanic Ash" "Volcanic Ash Plume"
## [123] "NONE" "UNSEASONABLY COOL"
## [125] "Wintry mix" "RAIN (HEAVY)"
## [127] "Record High" "Mild and Dry Pattern"
## [129] "HIGH SWELLS" "HIGH SWELLS"
## [131] "VOLCANIC ASH" "DRY SPELL"
## [133] "BEACH EROSION" "UNSEASONAL RAIN"
## [135] "EARLY RAIN" "WINTERY MIX"
## [137] "DRY WEATHER" "MONTHLY RAINFALL"
## [139] "COASTAL EROSION" "SEICHE"
## [141] "HYPERTHERMIA/EXPOSURE" "ROCK SLIDE"
## [143] "PATCHY DENSE FOG" "RECORD COOL"
## [145] "RECORD TEMPERATURE" "TROPICAL DEPRESSION"
## [147] "VOLCANIC ERUPTION" "COOL SPELL"
## [149] "EXCESSIVELY DRY" "VOG"
## [151] "MONTHLY TEMPERATURE" "RECORD DRYNESS"
## [153] "DRY CONDITIONS" "REMNANTS OF FLOYD"
## [155] "DRIEST MONTH" "DRYNESS"
## [157] "ROUGH SEAS" "UNSEASONABLY COOL & WET"
## [159] "LANDSLUMP" "LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN"
## [161] "UNSEASONAL LOW TEMP" "HIGH SURF ADVISORY"
## [163] "ABNORMALLY DRY" "WINTER WEATHER MIX"
## [165] "RED FLAG CRITERIA" "SMOKE"
## [167] "EXTREMELY WET" "VERY DRY"
## [169] "RECORD LOW RAINFALL" "ROGUE WAVE"
## [171] "DUST DEVEL" "HEAVY RAIN EFFECTS"
## [173] "NORTHERN LIGHTS" "HAZARDOUS SURF"
## [175] "WINTER WEATHER/MIX" "ABNORMALLY WET"
## [177] "TORNADO DEBRIS" "DROWNING"
## [179] "HIGH SURF ADVISORIES" "HEAVY SURF/HIGH SURF"
## [181] "DENSE SMOKE" "VOLCANIC ASHFALL"