library(readxl)
library(ggpubr)

## Loading required package: ggplot2

library(effsize)
library(rstatix)

## 
## Attaching package: 'rstatix'

## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter

A6Q2 <- read_excel("//apporto.com/dfs/SLU/Users/hannahsmith3_slu/Downloads/A6Q2.xlsx")

Before <- A6Q2$Before
After <- A6Q2$After

Differences <- After - Before

mean(Before, na.rm = TRUE)

## [1] 76.13299

median(Before, na.rm = TRUE)

## [1] 75.95988

sd(Before, na.rm = TRUE)

## [1] 7.781323

mean(After, na.rm = TRUE)

## [1] 57.17874

median(After, na.rm = TRUE)

## [1] 58.36459

sd(After, na.rm = TRUE)

## [1] 14.39364

mean(Before, na.rm = TRUE)

## [1] 76.13299

median(Before, na.rm = TRUE)

## [1] 75.95988

sd(Before, na.rm = TRUE)

## [1] 7.781323

mean(After, na.rm = TRUE)

## [1] 57.17874

median(After, na.rm = TRUE)

## [1] 58.36459

sd(After, na.rm = TRUE)

## [1] 14.39364

hist(Differences,
breaks = 15, 
col = "blue", 
border = "white")

#Data for the difference scores appears abnormally distrubuted. 

boxplot(Differences, 
        main = "Distribution of Score Differences (After - Before", 
        ylab = "Difference in Scores", 
        col = "blue", 
        border = "darkblue")

#The difference scores boxplot does not have outliers.

shapiro.test(Differences)

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  Differences
## W = 0.89142, p-value = 0.02856

#Shapiro-Wilk Difference Scores 
#The data is abnormally distributed, (p = .03)

wilcox.test(Before, After, paired = TRUE, 
            na.action = na.omit)

## 
##  Wilcoxon signed rank exact test
## 
## data:  Before and After
## V = 210, p-value = 1.907e-06
## alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0

df_long <- data.frame(id = 
                        rep(1:length(Before), 2), time = 
                        rep(c("Before", "After"), each = 
                                length(Before)), score = c(Before, After))
                      wilcox_effsize(df_long, score ~ time, paired = TRUE)

## # A tibble: 1 × 7
##   .y.   group1 group2 effsize    n1    n2 magnitude
## * <chr> <chr>  <chr>    <dbl> <int> <int> <ord>    
## 1 score After  Before   0.877    20    20 large

#A Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was conducted to determine if there was a difference in weight Before and After dieting. 
#Before scores (Mdn = 75.96) were significantly different from after (Mdn = 58.36) scores, V = 210, p = <.001. 
#The effect size was large, r = .88.