Research Question

Is there an association between student nationality (domestic versus international) and scholarship status (yes versus no)?

library(readxl)
A4Q2 <- read_excel("C:/Users/nehab/OneDrive/Assignment 4/A4Q2.xlsx")

observed <- table(A4Q2$status, A4Q2$scholarship)
observed
##                
##                   0   1
##   Domestic       39 111
##   International 118  32
barplot(observed,
        main = "Scholarship Status by Student Nationality",
        xlab = "Scholarship Status",
        ylab = "Count",
        col = rainbow(nrow(observed)),
        beside = TRUE,
        legend.text = rownames(observed))

chi_result <- chisq.test(observed)
chi_result
## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  observed
## X-squared = 81.297, df = 1, p-value < 2.2e-16
v <- sqrt(as.numeric(chi_result$statistic) / sum(observed))
v
## [1] 0.5205671

Interpretation

A Chi-Square Test of Independence showed a statistically significant association between student nationality and scholarship status, X-squared(1, N = 300) = 81.30, p < .001, Cramer’s V = .52. Domestic students were more likely to have a scholarship than international students.