Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vares, Public Climate Data

Quick Meteorological Overview

Author
Affiliation

Victor Muñoz - Technical Director

WSP UK Limited

Published

September 10, 2026

1 Introduction

WSP UK was retained to prepare a review of the future meteorological condition to be expected at the site

WSP has already prepared a meteorological evaluation at the site including site analogue daily records for total precipitation and mean temperature.

Location Longitude Latitude Elevation
Site 18.37 44.15 1050

2 SOURCES

2.1 NOAA

Local meteorological station records from publicly available National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) databases: Global Historical Climatology Network Database (GHCND) and Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD) were obtained to implement the site data. These stations typically compile precipitation and temperature daily records. A radius of about ~ 100 km around the site was used as an area of interest to compile these meteorological records.

From NOAA, the amount of information in the region of interest is limited. Most of the relevant records present a gap of information after 1990. Meteorological stations with records less than 5years were removed. Records from NOAA have been complemented with Land precipitation and temperature records.

NOAA STATIONS
ID NAME dataset LATITUDE LONGITUDE elevation_m date_from date_to distance_km
GHCND:BKM00014652 BJELASNICA, BK GHCND 44.07 18.27 2067 1897-10-01 2026-09-05 12.31
GHCND:BKM00014654 SARAJEVO, BK GHCND 43.87 18.42 630 1901-01-01 2026-09-05 31.83
99912099999 GECONSFOR RAJLOVAC GSOD 43.87 18.3 494 2001-11-26 2002-06-12 32.04
13354099999 SARAJEVO & GSOD 43.87 18.43 637 1975-10-04 1992-09-14 32.04
14654099999 SARAJEVO-BJELAVE GSOD 43.87 18.43 638 1998-10-12 2025-08-24 32.04
13353099999 SARAJEVO GSOD 43.83 18.33 520.6 1936-01-02 2025-08-24 36.38
13353599999 SARAJEVO/BUTMIR GSOD 43.82 18.35 511 1994-10-07 1995-01-24 37.18
13249099999 ZENICA GSOD 44.22 17.9 344 1989-09-07 1995-02-27 37.9
14549099999 ZENICA GSOD 44.22 17.9 348 1998-10-12 2025-08-24 37.9
13351099999 SJELASNICA GSOD 43.72 18.27 2070 1957-01-24 1959-07-31 48.93
13352099999 BJELASNICA MTN RNG GSOD 43.72 18.27 2067 1973-03-02 1993-02-03 48.93
14652099999 BJELASNICA GSOD 43.72 18.27 2070 1999-10-29 2025-08-20 48.93
14650099999 IVAN SEDLO GSOD 43.77 18.03 972 2001-07-05 2025-08-22 50.36

2.2 SRTM

Information obtained indirectly as a CGIAR-SRTM (90 m resolution), this topography covers an extension from 60 deg Lat North / South. For area beyond these limitations, it is recommend to use ArticDEM or another topographical source.

2.3 MERRA2

MERRA2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis from Research and Applications, Version 2) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). MERRA includes daily data from 1981 to present (2026) for the entire world, based on a 0.5 degree latitude by 0.5 degree longitude grid, these records were obtained daily.

This analysis upscale the topographical information to match MERRA2 grid size (~50 x 50 km); also total precipitation is divided in rainfall and snowfall as a daily timeseries for every MERRA2 grid. This support some understanding of local / regional rainfall and snowfall.

It is recommended to use MERRA2 as a general overview; however, based on the analysis, these records can be complemented with. ERA5, ERA5-Land, PERSIANN, PERSIANN-CDR, PERSIANN-CCS, CHIRPS, and other local reanalysis sources depending on the geographical location.

2.3.1 Mean Ann.

2.3.2 TS

Time series from MERRA2 at location

3 Total Precipitation

3.1 DWI

3.2 Monthly Corr.

3.3 Annual Relations

3.4 Annual Map

4 Air Temperature

4.1 DWI

4.2 Monthly Corr.

4.3 Annual Relations

4.4 Annual Map

5 Runoff

code name river country Lat Long Elev Catch distance
6545700 PRIJEPOLJE LIM (TRIB. SAVA) RS 43.37 19.64 443 3160 134.3
6547200 LEPOSAVIC IBAR RS 43.11 20.8 445 4701 228.5
6442300 KURD KAPOS HU 46.45 18.32 104 2119 255.5
6744400 SAG TIMIS RO 45.65 21.18 477 4493 277.2
6545500 METLIKA KOLPA SI 45.63 15.32 127.2 2002 291.4
6545200 PODBOCJE KRKA SI 45.86 15.46 146.3 2238 298.1
6442100 ZALAAPATI ZALA HU 46.73 17.12 106 1528 303.2
6546810 ZAMUSANI 1 PESNICA SI 46.41 16.03 201.9 478 311
6545501 PETRINA KOLPA SI 45.46 14.85 219.7 460 313.9
6545120 GABRJE 1 MIRNA SI 45.99 15.21 212.1 268 321.3

6 Climate Change

6.1 Figures

6.2 Air Temperature

par name description
tasmax Average Maximum Surface Air Temperature Average daily maximum temperature over the aggregation period
tas Average Mean Surface Air Temperature Average mean temperature over the aggregation period
tasmin Average Minimum Surface Air Temperature Average daily minimum temperature over the aggregation period
txx Maximum of Daily Max-Temperature The single-day maximum value of the daily maximum temperatures over the aggregated data period.
tnn Minimum of Daily Min-Temperature The single-day minimum value of the daily minimum temperatures over the aggregated data period.
fd Number of Frost Days (Tmin < 0°C) The average aggregated number of days where the daily minimum temperature is < 0°C (= Frost Days) in the data period. A negative value indicates a reduction in the number of Frost Days.
tr Number of Tropical Nights (T-min > 20°C) The number of days where the daily minimum temperature remained >= 20°C over the aggregation period.
tr23 Number of Tropical Nights (T-min > 23°C) The number of days where the daily minimum temperature remained >= 23°C over the aggregation period.
tx84rr Temperature-based Excess Mortality Excess mortality risk factor for daily maximum temperatures > 84th percentile of maximum temperatures in reference period.

6.3 Total Precipitation

par name description
rx1day Average Largest 1-Day Precipitation The average highest precipitation amount in a 1-day period during each month in the data period.
cdd Max Number of Consecutive Dry Days The maximum length of a dry spell, computed sequentially for the entire time series, then taking the maximum value during each month in the data period (a dry day is defined as any day in which the daily accumulated precipitation < 1 mm)
cwd Max Number of Consecutive Wet Days This series measures the maximum length of a wet spell, computed sequentially for the entire time series, then taking the maximum value during each month in the data period (a wet day is defined as any day in which the daily accumulated precipitation ≥ 1 mm).
r20mm Number of Days with Precipitation >20mm The number of heavy precipitation days during the aggregation period. A heavy precipitation day is defined as any day in which the daily accumulated precipitation is ≥ 20 mm.
r50mm Number of Days with Precipitation >50mm The number of very heavy precipitation days during the aggregation period. A very heavy precipitation day for r50mm is defined as any day in which the daily accumulated precipitation is ≥ 50 mm.
pr Precipitation Aggregated accumulated precipitation.

6.4 Other Parameters

par name description
spei12 Annual SPEI Drought Index The annual Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index represents a measure of the integrated water deficit in a location, taking into account the contribution of temperature-dependent evapotranspiration. The integration period is 12 months.
gsl Growing Season Length Span in number of days between the days defining the Growing Season Start and Growing Season End (see below) computed across each of the two hemispheres.
hicat Heat Index Heat Risk Categorization Categorization of the occurrence of days above four thresholds for designated Heat Risk Variable. Heat Index Risk Categorization includes, heat index: 35°C, 37°C, 39°C, and 41°C. If at least 0.5 day surpassed the highest threshold, then the highest category is given, reflecting that ‘at minimum one day of the year experienced the highest heat level’. Risk Factor Categorization: 0-4 represents Low - Extreme Risk.
hurs Relative Humidity Based on daily mean relative humidity at 2m as reported by climate models, or derived from specific humidity reported by climate models.
trcat Tropical Night Heat Risk Categorization Categorization of the occurrence of days above four thresholds for designated Heat Risk Variable. Tropical Night Risk Categorization includes, nighttime minimum temperature: 20°C, 23°C, 26°C, and 29°C. If at least 0.5 day surpassed the highest threshold, then the highest category is given, reflecting that ‘at minimum one day of the year experienced the highest heat level’. Risk Factor Categorization: 0-4 represents Low - Extreme Risk.
wsdi Warm Spell Duration Index The number of days in a sequence of at least six consecutive days during which the value of the daily maximum temperature is greater than the 90th percentile of daily maximum temperature calculated for a five-day window centered on each calendar day, using all data for the given calendar day-pentad from the data period for a reference climate.

7 Synthesis

Information at the site based on MERRA2. As a surface water analysis, you have to consider this work as a simple overview; which assumes MERRA2 is representative of this location.

This analysis does not include or considers snow capture efficiency; which it should change or modified local snowfall estimations.

7.1 Climograph

Mean monthly parameters based on MERRA2
Station Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ann
prcp 73.2 65.7 71.7 69.1 75.9 76.5 55 56.9 74.6 75.3 97.1 86.6 877.8
rain 42 36.8 51.1 65.6 75.9 76.5 55 56.9 74.6 73.3 79.5 57.5 744.7
snow 31.2 28.9 20.6 3.6 0 0 0 0 0 2 17.6 29.1 133.1
rh 90.6 88 83.2 78.8 76.7 73.5 65.8 62.3 70.7 78.7 86.6 90.1 78.8
ssrd 5.4 8 11.8 15.4 19.2 22 22.7 19.8 14.4 9.8 5.8 4.4 13.2
tavg -1.7 -0.7 2.8 7.3 12.3 16.3 18.8 19.1 14.3 9.6 4.1 -0.3 8.5
tdew -3.2 -2.7 -0.1 3.4 7.7 10.9 11.3 10.4 8 5.4 1.8 -1.9 4.3
tmax 2.6 3.9 8.1 13 17.8 21.7 24.9 26 20.9 15.8 9 3.8 14
tmin -5.1 -4.5 -1.5 2.2 6.9 10.7 12.7 12.8 8.8 4.8 0.4 -3.4 3.7
ws 0.9 1 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7

7.2 Climate Class.

8 Output