1. Load the CSV and make a visualization

getwd()
## [1] "/Users/vinguyen/Desktop/ITEC 4220"
setwd("/Users/vinguyen/Desktop/ITEC 4220")

jobs <- read.csv("gsearch_jobs.csv")
head(jobs)
##   X index                                            title
## 1 0     0                                     Data Analyst
## 2 1     1                                     Data Analyst
## 3 2     2                        Aeronautical Data Analyst
## 4 3     3 Data Analyst - Consumer Goods - Contract to Hire
## 5 4     4              Data Analyst | Workforce Management
## 6 5     5                                     Data Analyst
##                 company_name           location          via
## 1                       Meta          Anywhere  via LinkedIn
## 2                        ATC   United States    via LinkedIn
## 3 Garmin International, Inc.      Olathe, KS      via Indeed
## 4                     Upwork          Anywhere    via Upwork
## 5               Krispy Kreme   United States    via LinkedIn
## 6      Flint Hills Resources     Wichita, KS        via Jora
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         description
## 1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  In the intersection of compliance and analytics, we are seeking an analytical and data-savvy self-starter with a passion for helping others, protecting our community and mitigating risk. Those who join our team have a strong ability to leverage data to influence organizational decisions, innovate new methods for improvement, and concisely convey data insights to a general audience.\n\nData Analyst... Responsibilities:\n• Utilize advanced knowledge of data mining, business intelligence tools to drive efficient analytics and reporting\n• Identify and drive scalable solutions for building and automating reports, data pipelines and dashboards to monitor and report on operational performance metrics\n• Leverage data and analytics to identify actionable insights, suggest recommendations through effective communication for both technical and non-technical audiences\n• Establish short and long-term goals that will advance the organization’s impact through data and analytics\n• Effectively plan and collaborate cross-functionally on data driven projects to comply with regulations and to improve Meta’s products and internal tools\n• Partner with Operations, Data Science and Product teams to manage multiple complex projects and solve problems at scale\n• Support audit and compliance efforts including querying and providing data responses for Developer Platform supported and Developer Operations owned Safeguards\n\nMinimum Qualifications:\n• B.A. or B.S. degree with a quantitative focus in Economics, Computer Science, Information Systems, Math, Statistics, or equivalent experience\n• 4+ years of professional data analytics experience, with a background in end to end project management and/or operations\n• 3+ years experience in using SQL or equivalent\n• Experience with data visualization tools (e.g., Tableau)\n• Experience with managing codebase, pipelines and underlying data table architectures\n\nPreferred Qualifications:\n• Experience with large data sets and distributed computing (Hive/Hadoop)\n• Experience with a scripting language (Python, R etc.)\n• Experience in operational analytics\n\nMeta is proud to be an Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action employer. We do not discriminate based upon race, religion, color, national origin, sex (including pregnancy, childbirth, reproductive health decisions, or related medical conditions), sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, status as a protected veteran, status as an individual with a disability, genetic information, political views or activity, or other applicable legally protected characteristics. You may view our Equal Employment Opportunity notice here. We also consider qualified applicants with criminal histories, consistent with applicable federal, state and local law. We may use your information to maintain the safety and security of Meta, its employees, and others as required or permitted by law. You may view Meta's Pay Transparency Policy, Equal Employment Opportunity is the Law notice, and Notice to Applicants for Employment and Employees by clicking on their corresponding links. Additionally, Meta participates in the E-Verify program in certain locations, as required by law
## 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Job Title: Entry Level Business Analyst / Product Owner U.S. Citizens and those authorized to work in the U.S. are encouraged to apply. We are able to sponsor at this time.\n\nWe are a US equal employment opportunity employer...\n\nJob Description:\n• Entry Level expertise in gathering, analyzing, and documenting business requirements. If you do not have experience as a Business Analyst or Product Owner, you will be put through a training & Internship program.\n• Experience in Requirement Gathering, Agile methodology, writing user stories, and building and planning roadmaps.\n• Experience in preparing functional and detailed system design documents\n• Demonstrate expertise with SDLC methodology\n• Ability to communicate effectively across multiple levels of the organization, including with leadership.\n• Demonstrated leadership, initiative, analytical skills, and sound business acumen, including the ability to understand and analyze recommendations\n• Experience with all phases of testing (i.e., system, integration, user acceptance), including creating use cases, test conditions, and review of output.\n• Must be able to adjust and work effectively in a dynamic, changing environment\n\nOther:\n• Master’s Degree.\n• We sponsor H1B or related work visas for eligible candidates on F1/OPT/CPT.\n• We offer health insurance 100% paid.\n• We follow equal employment opportunity
## 3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Overview:\n\nWe are seeking a full-time...\nAeronautical Data Analyst in our Olathe, KS location. In this role, you will be responsible for the attribution, processing, evaluation, and maintenance of aeronautical data and the execution of Quality Assurance processes.\n\nResponsibilities:\n\nEssential Functions\n• Edit, manipulate and maintain aeronautical data using custom and 3rd party software\n• Ensure the application of appropriate aeronautical specifications to the data and products\n• Help evaluate and process database updates according to established methodology\n• Identify and resolve basic issues or risks using proper aeronautical data capture techniques\n• Conduct testing and evaluation of GARMIN aeronautical data products\n• Demonstrate fundamental understanding of Garmin’s Aeronautical Data development process\n• Document work thoroughly in an organized manner\n• Demonstrate ability to learn, understand, provide input and apply established or new processes and projects\n• Demonstrate the ability to recognize and process multiple source types; translate/culminate necessary information for tasks within standard framework\n• Incorporate field knowledge within documented standards framework to identify and creatively solve problems\n• Work periodic over-time, holidays, and weekends as necessary\n\nData Collection Team:\n• Input or update, perform a QC process on, and maintain the features in the National Airspace System Resources (NASR) database\n• Maintain a working knowledge of the functionality of the National Airspace System (NAS), to include the direct correlation in support of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) and on-board Flight Management Systems (FMS)\n• Maintain a working knowledge of the development, review and analysis of airspace structure to include new design processes and procedures\n\nProduction Team:\n• Acquire and maintain DO-200A associate qualifications according to applicable sections of the Personnel Qualification Manual\n• Acquire and maintain DO-200A initial and follow-on training requirements according to applicable sections of the Training Plan\n• Insert, update, and delete records in AeroNavData’s DO-200A qualified database\n• Process aeronautical source from the Standard and Non-Standard Aeronautical Information Publications (AIPs) listed in the Data Source Manual\n• Acquire a basic understanding of the ARINC 424 specifications\n• Interface with NFDC and AeroNav Products associates via e-mail or phone when directed\n• Interface with the Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA) via e-mail or phone when directed\n• Use and understand database queries written for our Microsoft SQL Server database using the Structured Query Language (SQL)\n\nQualifications:\n\nBasic Qualifications\n• Bachelor’s Degree in Aviation OR instrument rated pilot, Navigator, Air Traffic Controller, Aeronautical Analyst, or Military TERPS Specialist OR 2 years relevant experience OR substantial demonstrated aeronautical knowledge\n• Excellent academics (cumulative GPA greater than or equal to 3.0 as a general rule)\n• Demonstrate a basic working knowledge and understanding of aeronautical charting principles relevant to GARMIN’s business needs\n\nDesired Qualifications\n• Outstanding academics (cumulative GPA greater than or equal to 3.5)\n• Previous work experience as an air traffic controller, military TERPS Specialist or aeronautical information specialist\n• Private Pilot’s License with instrument rating strongly preferred\n• Demonstrate an understanding of instrument flight rules, instrument procedures, and the United States National Airspace System\n• Familiarity with Cartography, GIS principles and methodologies\n• Bilingual skills\n\nGarmin International is an equal opportunity employer. Qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, citizenship, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, veteran’s status, age or disability.\n\nThis position is eligible for Garmin's benefit program. Details can be found here:\nGarmin Benefits
## 4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Enthusiastic Data Analyst for processing sales data in Excel and communicate with clients. Hours per week vary strongly, on average 5-20 hours.\n\nTasks...\n\n- Processing various data sources in Excel\n\n- Mapping product labels across different databases\n\n- Updating databases and reports in Excel, Powerpoint and (limited) Power Bi\n\n- Participate in client meetings (in English)\n\nAssets:\n\n- Great knowledge of Microsoft Excel\n\n- Experience with consumer goods industry is a plus\n\n- Experience working with scanning data (AC Nielsen, IRI or EPOS) is a big advantage\n\n- You have good English communication skills for Teams meetings and emailing.\n\nTraining will be provided. 1-2 client contact meetings per week. 100% work from home
## 5 Overview of Position\n\nThis position will be the primary person responsible for all Workforce Management (WFM) related items, including LMS configuration adjustments and shop setup. It will also be responsible to ensuring software is aligned with labor management goals and expectations. Serve as support for Operations and Integrated Operations Services...\n\nPrincipal Duties and Responsibilities\n• Executes on budget forecasts and owns the development and implementation of staffing and metric models, reporting and analysis. Provides support to business planning needs.\n• Serves as the primary contact and subject matter expert in support of staffing, reporting summaries, forecast trends and workforce optimization issues.\n• Ensures complete analysis and understanding of interdependencies and business risks that could impact or be impacted by the delivery of proof of concepts, new products, services, processes and/or support technologies and solutions risk mitigation strategies as it relates to WFM.\n• Provides oversight of complex data management including reviewing, analyzing and providing solutions that maximize performance levels and competencies need to maintain a productive workforce.\n• Ensures all defined business rules and policies are documented and implemented as designed.\n• Leads deployment and provides administrative oversight for all WFM technologies.\n• Communicates staffing and scheduling tools and processes in the WFM platform to the organization.\n• Actively and consistently support all efforts to simplify and enhance the customer and user experience as it relates to LMS.\n• Develops strategic vision on WFM tools and promotes common processes to improve staff scheduling effectiveness, including strategies to manage payroll cost, including the mitigation of overtime usage.\n• Recognizes and recommends operational and staffing support improvement strategies.\n• Performs other duties and responsibilities as assigned by leadership.\n• Partners with division vice presidents to address key opportunities around workforce.\n• This role will closely work with the Demand and Supply planning teams as well as be a key decision maker around labor efficiency.\n• This position closely and efficiently works with business partners across the HR, IT and finance organizations.\n\nEssential Skills and Experience\n• Bachelors degree in Business, Finance, Accounting, or related field.\n• Full understanding of and ability to create/manage labor forecasting, capacity planning, supply planning, scheduling and real time management processes and tools.\n• 3 years of experience with activity-based modeling.\n• Experience with WFM methodologies, correlation analysis, etc. is a plus\n• Experience with Hot Scheule\n• Advanced computer skills, including MS Office (i.e. Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook).\n• Excellent organizational and time management skills. Effectively manages multiple priorities, projects, and workflow.\n• Ability to influence others and interact with all levels of the organization.\n• Organized and attention-to-detail approach.\n• Perform basic math, understanding finances and cost management.\n• Ability to travel locally and domestically up to 10% of the time.\n• Proven ability to work cross functionally.\n\nCOMPETENCIES TO DRIVE PERFORMANCE\n\nDRIVE FOR and EXECUTION OF RESULTS: Acts with a sense of urgency and a “whatever-it-takes” attitude when addressing opportunities, assignments, and accomplishing goals. Can be counted on to exceed goals successfully. Steadfastly pushes self and others for bottom-line results. Takes a proactive approach to avoid potential issues and accomplishes goals with minimum supervision.\n\nCOMMUNICATION: Demonstrates passion and a Guest First approach when writing, interacting, listening, or speaking with others. Communicates effectively, clearly, and concisely. Listens well and demonstrates a true appreciation for the information received, and asks open-ended questions to ensure understanding. Seeks to improve communication channels that foster open dialogue among peers.\n\nDEVELOPING PEOPLE: Lives our values, staying fresh and developing others, creating an environment around growth and development. Provides and embraces behavior-specific feedback/suggestions to grow personally and/or help others succeed. Regularly reviews development progress, recognizes and reinforces developmental efforts and improvements, and provides constructive coaching.\n\nGUEST/CUSTOMER FIRST MENTALITY: Thinks and Acts Guest First. Maintains positive working relationships, treating everyone with courtesy, honesty, and respect. Interacts with internal and external guests to create experiences that exceed their expectations. Responds promptly to customer inquiries and issues.\n\nCHANGE MASTERY: Is open to learning new methods and ideas. Embraces change, plans for contingencies, and manages resources effectively to meet multiple deadlines and goals. Prioritizes opportunities effectively as they arise. Executes daily responsibilities while also meeting the needs of internal and external guests. Implements changes by holding self and others accountable for adopting new policies and procedures.\n\nLEADING THROUGH INFLUENCE: Interacts with all parties with the aim of building trust rather than power. Promotes the well-being of those around them. Demonstrates empathy, listening, stewardship, and commitment to personal growth toward others. Seeks to move management and personnel interaction away from “controlling activities” and toward a more synergistic relationship between parties. Applies appropriate leadership styles when influencing individuals or groups to accomplish goals. Establishes a personal power base built on mutual trust, fairness, honesty, and rational behavior
## 6                                                                                                                          Your Job\n\nFlint Hills Resources is seeking a Data Analyst to be a part of a larger product team who partners closely with FHR capabilities to deliver on a technology roadmap that transforms a work process. The goal of FHR’s Business Focused technology roadmaps is to create competitive advantage through industry leading data management strategies and leveraging data to automate decision... making.\n\nOur Team\n\nFHR IT product teams create value for FHR by maximizing return on investments in technology by focusing on solving business problems and optimizing total cost of ownership. We invite you to apply for our Data Analyst role and join our Product Team at our headquarters in Wichita, KS.\n\nThis will be a hybrid opportunity based out of Wichita, KS.\n\nWhat You Will Do\n• Collaborate with product management, engineering, architects, and other relevant capabilities and stakeholders to understand business objectives, customer needs, and user behavior to inform product development strategies\n• Partner with the business to capture, analyze and document functional and data requirements to provide to other IT capabilities.\n• Create and optimize queries for data retrieval using Cypher, VQL, and SQL\n• Assist in data management tasks, including data cleansing, transformation, and validation.\n• Coordinate with business partners to conduct user acceptance testing.\n• Ensures quality of product releases and deliverables through execution of risk mitigation strategies, including creation of test automation scripts, creation and execution of test cases, and regression testing.\n• Work across the organization to ensure we capture and fix data quality issues that are found in FHR’s core commercial applications.Strong problem solving and decision-making skills with attention to detail and follow-thru\n• Ability to prioritize day to day and long-term responsibilities, this role will require an ability to quickly shift from longer term work to delivery for experiments\n• Work well in a team environment\n• Strong collaboration, communication, and experimentation skills\n• The agility to work among cross functional teams\n\nWho You Are (Basic Qualifications)\n• Experience working in a cross functional team to solve business problems\n• Experience creating written documentation for team members, business partners and customers\n• Experience using query languages such as Cypher, SQL or VQL\n• Experience developing and supporting business analytics applications such as Power BI, Excel, MS Access, or other data visualization platforms\n\nWhat Will Put You Ahead\n• Bachelor’s degree in Information Technology, Business or Finance related field OR 2+ years’ experience in an enterprise application focused role\n• Experience with AWS technologies including S3, Redshift, Lambda\n• Experience with data modeling\n• Experience with data quality and stewardship\n• Open source and commercial RDBMS (MySQL, MS SQL Server, Oracle)\n• Experience with Denodo\n• Experience with Neo4j Graph databases\n• Experience programing with Typescript and Python\n\nAt Koch companies, we are entrepreneurs. This means we openly challenge the status quo, find new ways to create value and get rewarded for our individual contributions. Any compensation range provided for a role is an estimate determined by available market data. The actual amount may be higher or lower than the range provided considering each candidate's knowledge, skills, abilities, and geographic location. If you have questions, please speak to your recruiter about the flexibility and detail of our compensation philosophy.\n\nHiring Philosophy\n\nAll Koch companies value diversity of thought, perspectives, aptitudes, experiences, and backgrounds. We are Military Ready and Second Chance employers. Learn more about our hiring philosophy here.\n\nWho We Are\n\nAs a Koch company, Flint Hills Resources is an industry-leading refining company making the oil and transportation products that keep the world moving. We make a large supply of fuel for gas stations and airports in addition to transporting crude oil, natural gas liquids and refined products through 4,000+ miles of pipeline – delivering energy to farmers, manufacturers and families. Our team champions innovation and excellence to help power modern life.\n\nAt Koch, employees are empowered to do what they do best to make life better. Learn how our business philosophy helps employees unleash their potential while creating value for themselves and the company.\n\nOur Benefits\n\nOur goal is for each employee, and their families, to live fulfilling and healthy lives. We provide essential resources and support to build and maintain physical, financial, and emotional strength - focusing on overall wellbeing so you can focus on what matters most. Our benefits plan includes - medical, dental, vision, flexible spending and health savings accounts, life insurance, ADD, disability, retirement, paid vacation/time off, educational assistance, and may also include infertility assistance, paid parental leave and adoption assistance. Specific eligibility criteria is set by the applicable Summary Plan Description, policy or guideline and benefits may vary by geographic region. If you have questions on what benefits apply to you, please speak to your recruiter.\n\nEqual Opportunities\n\nEqual Opportunity Employer, including disability and protected veteran status. Except where prohibited by state law, all offers of employment are conditioned upon successfully passing a drug test. This employer uses E-Verify. Please visit the following website for additional information: http://www.kochcareers.com/doc/Everify.pdf
##                                                                                 extensions
## 1                      ['15 hours ago', '101K–143K a year', 'Work from home', 'Full-time']
## 2                                        ['12 hours ago', 'Full-time', 'Health insurance']
## 3                                                            ['18 hours ago', 'Full-time']
## 4 ['12 hours ago', '15–25 an hour', 'Work from home', 'Contractor', 'No degree mentioned']
## 5                                         ['7 hours ago', '90K–110K a year', 'Contractor']
## 6   ['20 hours ago', 'Full-time', 'Health insurance', 'Dental insurance', 'Paid time off']
##                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     job_id
## 1                                                                                                         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
## 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                 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
## 3                                                                                             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
## 4 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
## 5                         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
## 6                                                                                                                                     eyJqb2JfdGl0bGUiOiJEYXRhIEFuYWx5c3QiLCJodGlkb2NpZCI6Im5BVk02RjdHSmpZQUFBQUFBQUFBQUE9PSIsInV1bGUiOiJ3K0NBSVFJQ0lOVlc1cGRHVmtJRk4wWVhSbGN3IiwiZ2wiOiJ1cyIsImhsIjoiZW4iLCJmYyI6IkV2Y0JDcmNCUVUxck1teHNUSGx4VG5KR1YwOTFURUpDWTNabVRYazRYMEp2Um1OS1pETm5ibEJGYXpSNWNtRTVaVE14TjJwelowWkVkbkZWU0hCbVEwdDZUVmhFZFc5M1ZFSjZSRVpMZEVKZldHeHZTMjFTVUVKcllXUjZMV0U0WW1aTmFHTnRka1J2Ym1wc1JsUjJOSFpIWTJKdFFqUnBhWGhEUlhSdlJWSmxSRVp4UW5SNVZ6RlBTSEE0ZDFad1pUUldSRkIzWm5jMFltNUZRekpzYW5WRlZGTlNjM1k1ZGs1dGFXSk1lbWh5VkZCeVptUjJSbE5xV0cwd0VoZDFWMjVOV2twWVQwMWpYMnRyZGxGUWVqUmxOalpCWnhvaVFVeEZVemwxVFZNdE9XRjRNM1EyYzBwME9WWmFSVUo0UW1kVWVrbGlaelpTZHciLCJmY3YiOiIzIiwiZmNfaWQiOiJmY18xMCIsImFwcGx5X2xpbmsiOnsidGl0bGUiOiJBcHBseSBvbiBKb3JhIiwibGluayI6Imh0dHBzOi8vdXMuam9yYS5jb20vam9iL0RhdGEtQW5hbHlzdC04OTI5ZmI4YjY1Mzk0ODc5NjNkOTg0Y2Y2ZGRiMjk4Mz91dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249Z29vZ2xlX2pvYnNfYXBwbHlcdTAwMjZ1dG1fc291cmNlPWdvb2dsZV9qb2JzX2FwcGx5XHUwMDI2dXRtX21lZGl1bT1vcmdhbmljIn19
##                                                                                           thumbnail
## 1 https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSGWd4ZbDsuXA2YQ7fwMam4nW4cokBZJJYHlWXaRfs&s
## 2 https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS9pL2p8JqLIXvaGeM9_bc7EXVkXWuBzWI204SfKIU&s
## 3                                                                                                  
## 4                                                                                                  
## 5 https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRRV1lShEQRsstSpp3yi846fCWv72q10JAm0_pNpHc&s
## 6  https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTLZf6GLO7EQl58YdPdxE0oFzerMzgdVrBVWtn-&s=0
##      posted_at schedule_type work_from_home           salary  search_term
## 1 15 hours ago     Full-time           True 101K–143K a year data analyst
## 2 12 hours ago     Full-time                                 data analyst
## 3 18 hours ago     Full-time                                 data analyst
## 4 12 hours ago    Contractor           True    15–25 an hour data analyst
## 5  7 hours ago    Contractor                 90K–110K a year data analyst
## 6 20 hours ago     Full-time                                 data analyst
##                    date_time search_location commute_time salary_pay
## 1 2023-08-04 03:00:13.797776   United States           NA  101K–143K
## 2 2023-08-04 03:00:13.797776   United States           NA           
## 3 2023-08-04 03:00:13.797776   United States           NA           
## 4 2023-08-04 03:00:13.797776   United States           NA      15–25
## 5 2023-08-04 03:00:13.797776   United States           NA   90K–110K
## 6 2023-08-04 03:00:13.797776   United States           NA           
##   salary_rate salary_avg salary_min salary_max salary_hourly salary_yearly
## 1      a year     122000     101000     143000            NA        122000
## 2                     NA         NA         NA            NA            NA
## 3                     NA         NA         NA            NA            NA
## 4     an hour         20         15         25            20            NA
## 5      a year     100000      90000     110000            NA        100000
## 6                     NA         NA         NA            NA            NA
##   salary_standardized
## 1              122000
## 2                  NA
## 3                  NA
## 4               41600
## 5              100000
## 6                  NA
##                                                                 description_tokens
## 1                                                ['tableau', 'r', 'python', 'sql']
## 2                                                                               []
## 3                                                                          ['sql']
## 4                                              ['powerpoint', 'excel', 'power_bi']
## 5                                       ['powerpoint', 'excel', 'outlook', 'word']
## 6 ['power_bi', 'aws', 'excel', 'sql', 'mysql', 'typescript', 'redshift', 'python']
skills <- c("sql", "excel", "python", "tableau", "power_bi",
            "powerpoint", "word", "outlook", "aws", "spark")

counts <- sapply(skills, function(x)
  sum(grepl(x, jobs$description_tokens)))

avg_salary <- sapply(skills, function(x)
  mean(jobs$salary_standardized[
    grepl(x, jobs$description_tokens)
  ], na.rm=TRUE))

bars <- barplot(counts,
                names.arg=skills,
                las=2,
                main="Data Analyst Skills and Average Salary",
                xlab="Skills",
                ylab="Number of Job Postings")

text(bars, counts,
     labels=paste0("$", round(avg_salary)),
     pos=3,
     cex=0.7)

This graph compares how frequently 10 technical skills appear in Data Analyst job postings. The height of each bar represents the number of postings mentioning the skill, while the dollar amount above each bar represents the average standardized salary for jobs mentioning that skill.

2. Simple Statistical Calculation

jobs$python <- grepl("python", jobs$description_tokens)


python_mean <- mean(
  jobs$salary_standardized[jobs$python == TRUE],
  na.rm=TRUE
)

no_python_mean <- mean(
  jobs$salary_standardized[jobs$python == FALSE],
  na.rm=TRUE
)

python_mean
## [1] 105071.4
no_python_mean
## [1] 88200.46

For this part, I calculate the average salary for jobs with and without Python. The average salary for jobs mentioning Python was approximately $105,071, while jobs not mentioning Python had salary of approximately $88,200. This suggests that Python is associated with higher-paying Data Analyst positions.

3. Correlation + R-square + p-value

For this part, I want to see if Data Analyst jobs with higher minimum salaries also tend to have higher maximum salaries

correlation_test <- cor.test(jobs$salary_min,
         jobs$salary_max)
correlation_test
## 
##  Pearson's product-moment correlation
## 
## data:  jobs$salary_min and jobs$salary_max
## t = 345.14, df = 9510, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  0.9608091 0.9637818
## sample estimates:
##       cor 
## 0.9623242
salary_model <- lm(salary_max ~ salary_min, data=jobs)

summary(salary_model)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = salary_max ~ salary_min, data = jobs)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
## -82321  -1222  -1201  -1159 821921 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 1.210e+03  2.359e+02    5.13 2.95e-07 ***
## salary_min  1.414e+00  4.097e-03  345.14  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 18320 on 9510 degrees of freedom
##   (52441 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.9261, Adjusted R-squared:  0.9261 
## F-statistic: 1.191e+05 on 1 and 9510 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
plot(jobs$salary_min,
     jobs$salary_max,
     main="Minimum vs Maximum Salary",
     xlab="Minimum Salary",
     ylab="Maximum Salary",
     pch=16)

abline(salary_model)

The correlation between minimum and maximum salary was about 0.962. This indicated a very strong positive relationship. It means that when the minimum salary is higher, the maximum salary also tends to be higher. The p-value is less than 0.001 which indicating that the relationship is considered statistically significant, not just by random chance.

#4. Histogram of Salary

hist(jobs$salary_standardized,
     main="Distribution of Data Analyst Salaries",
     xlab="Standardized Salary",
     ylab="Frequency",
     breaks=30)

Most job salaries are concentrated in the lower and middle salary ranges, while a smaller number of jobs have a very high salaries. This makes the graph distribution right-skewed.

5. T-Test

For this part, I want to see if working from home/remote jobs have a different average salary than non-remote jobs. I divided the jobs into 2 groups: work-from-home jobs and jobs not mentioned work-from-home. I use the Welch two sample t-test to compare their average salaries.

t.test(salary_standardized ~ work_from_home, data=jobs)
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  salary_standardized by work_from_home
## t = -0.49316, df = 9026.5, p-value = 0.6219
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group  and group True is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -2090.910  1250.309
## sample estimates:
##     mean in group  mean in group True 
##           92026.53           92446.83

There From the result, the average salaries for work-from-home was about $92,447, while the average salaries for non-work-from-home jobs was $92,027. The difference was about $420. The p-value was 0.6219, which is much higher than the significant level of 0.05. The result suggests that there is no statistically significant difference in average salary between work-from-home and non-work-from-home Data Analyst jobs from this dataset.