Overview

This report presents comparative results from the Iron Fortified Rice (FFR) survey across survey rounds. The tables summarize survey coverage, FFR utilization practices, hemoglobin concentrations, unadjusted anemia prevalence, and model-adjusted anemia prevalence.

Comparison of State-wise Survey Coverage

The table presents the number of primary sampling units (PSUs), households, and participants with available blood samples by Region, State, District, and survey year. PSU identification uses the combination of State and PSU number.

Table 1. State-wise Survey Coverage Comparison Across Survey Rounds
PSUs Covered
HH Covered
Blood Samples
Region State District Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Central Maharashtra Bhandara 22 21 22 656 660 666 1,683 2,365 2,436
East Uttar Pradesh Sultanpur 22 24 7 660 720 210 1,523 2,314 650
North Himachal Pradesh Kangra 24 24 22 720 720 660 1,901 2,295 2,159
North East Assam Kamrup (Metro) 18 19 0 539 570 0 1,137 1,767 0
South Telangana Jogulamba Gadwal 17 23 23 507 690 692 1,866 2,576 3,029
West Gujarat Dwaraka 24 24 24 720 720 720 1,859 2,408 2,540
Overall India Total 127 135 98 3,802 4,080 2,948 9,969 13,725 10,814

Note: Blood Samples refers to participants with non-missing hemoglobin values.

Comparison of FFR Utilization Practices Between Survey Rounds

This table compares selected FFR utilization and rice-processing practices between survey rounds.

Table 2. Comparison of FFR Utilization and Rice-Processing Practices
Indicator Year 1 (%) Year 2 (%) Year 3 (%)
Daily rice consumption 79.5 97.4 85.6
Floating kernels observed 91.2 95.3 96.1
Floating kernels discarded 66.6 87.5 73.8
Rice washed thrice 46.2 67.8 71.0
Decanted rice water 39.3 42.4 38.3
Change in taste reported 10.4 1.1 26.2
Change in color reported 12.2 2.7 26.2

Note: Floating kernels discarded is restricted to participants who reported observing floating kernels. Rice washed thrice is restricted to participants who reported washing rice.

Comparison of Mean Haemoglobin Concentration Across Survey Rounds

The table presents the number of participants with available altitude-adjusted hemoglobin and the mean hemoglobin concentration with standard deviation by age group and survey round.

Table 3. Comparison of Mean Altitude-Adjusted Hemoglobin Across Survey Rounds
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Age group N Hb (Mean ± SD) N Hb (Mean ± SD) N Hb (Mean ± SD)
24-59 months 256 11.37 ± 1.15 374 11.17 ± 1.15 225 10.91 ± 1.16
5-9 571 12.05 ± 1.20 799 11.95 ± 1.16 654 11.79 ± 1.09
10-19 Boys 704 13.31 ± 1.56 902 13.17 ± 1.50 755 13.09 ± 1.54
10-19 Girls 782 11.85 ± 1.50 1105 11.78 ± 1.50 922 11.71 ± 1.42
20-59 Males 2270 14.27 ± 1.72 2998 14.24 ± 1.78 2425 14.16 ± 1.69
20-59 Females 4133 11.61 ± 1.52 5263 11.52 ± 1.52 3984 11.44 ± 1.52
60 and above Males 456 13.42 ± 1.86 742 13.42 ± 1.90 644 12.98 ± 1.90
60 and above Females 489 11.59 ± 1.44 1018 11.72 ± 1.40 877 11.43 ± 1.39
Pregnant 144 11.02 ± 1.34 256 10.76 ± 1.24 160 10.82 ± 1.16
Lactating 164 11.75 ± 1.44 268 11.82 ± 1.23 163 11.95 ± 1.24
Reproductive Age Women 4102 11.60 ± 1.53 5214 11.48 ± 1.53 3989 11.42 ± 1.54

Note: Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). N represents participants with available altitude-adjusted hemoglobin.

Comparison of Unadjusted Prevalence of Anaemia Across Survey Rounds

Unadjusted anaemia prevalence is presented by age group and survey round with approximate 95% confidence intervals.

Table 4. Comparison of Unadjusted Prevalence of Anemia Across Survey Rounds
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Age group N Prevalence % (95% CI) N Prevalence % (95% CI) N Prevalence % (95% CI)
24-59 months 256 31.2 (25.6-36.9) 374 37.4 (32.5-42.3) 225 48.9 (42.4-55.4)
5-9 571 25.6 (22.0-29.1) 799 29.3 (26.1-32.4) 654 35.3 (31.7-39.0)
10-19 Boys 704 19.3 (16.4-22.2) 902 22.2 (19.5-24.9) 755 25.2 (22.1-28.3)
10-19 Girls 782 45.5 (42.0-49.0) 1105 48.1 (45.1-51.0) 922 48.4 (45.1-51.6)
20-59 Males 2270 17.4 (15.9-19.0) 2998 18.9 (17.5-20.3) 2425 19.7 (18.1-21.3)
20-59 Females 4133 55.1 (53.6-56.6) 5263 58.8 (57.4-60.1) 3984 60.4 (58.9-61.9)
60 and above Males 456 35.1 (30.7-39.5) 742 36.3 (32.8-39.7) 644 45.0 (41.2-48.9)
60 and above Females 489 56.4 (52.0-60.8) 1018 54.3 (51.3-57.4) 877 62.8 (59.6-66.0)
Pregnant 144 41.0 (32.9-49.0) 256 44.1 (38.1-50.2) 160 49.4 (41.6-57.1)
Lactating 164 54.3 (46.6-61.9) 268 52.2 (46.3-58.2) 163 45.4 (37.8-53.0)
Reproductive Age Women 4102 54.5 (53.0-56.0) 5214 57.9 (56.6-59.3) 3989 58.9 (57.4-60.5)

Note: Prevalence is calculated among participants with non-missing anemia status. Values are presented as percentage (95% CI).

Survey-Adjusted Prevalence of Anemia

A logistic regression model was fitted to estimate anemia prevalence adjusted for survey round, age group, ration-card type, floating-kernel utilization, and decanting practice.

Table 5. Survey-Adjusted Prevalence of Anemia Across Survey Rounds
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Age group N Adjusted prevalence
% (95% CI) 		N Adjusted prevalence
% (95% CI) 		N Adjusted prevalence
% (95% CI)
24-59 months 236 35.3 (32.0-38.8) 350 38.3 (34.8-41.8) 215 40.7 (37.2-44.3)
5-9 540 27.7 (25.6-29.9) 750 30.2 (28.0-32.5) 627 32.4 (30.2-34.8)
10-19 Boys 653 20.0 (18.3-21.9) 843 22.1 (20.3-24.1) 740 23.9 (22.0-25.9)
10-19 Girls 741 44.1 (41.9-46.3) 1042 47.2 (45.1-49.4) 894 49.8 (47.6-51.9)
20-59 Males 2084 16.7 (15.7-17.8) 2867 18.6 (17.5-19.7) 2327 20.1 (19.0-21.3)
20-59 Females 3867 54.9 (53.5-56.3) 5037 58.0 (56.6-59.3) 3829 60.4 (59.1-61.7)
60 and above Males 414 35.1 (32.7-37.6) 708 38.0 (35.5-40.5) 615 40.4 (37.9-43.0)
60 and above Females 442 54.2 (51.7-56.6) 973 57.3 (54.9-59.5) 841 59.7 (57.5-61.9)
Pregnant 132 41.2 (37.0-45.6) 242 44.3 (39.9-48.6) 155 46.8 (42.4-51.2)
Lactating 150 48.7 (44.3-53.0) 256 51.8 (47.5-56.1) 145 54.3 (50.0-58.6)
Reproductive Age Women 3841 54.4 (52.5-56.3) 4965 58.3 (56.4-60.1) 3827 58.7 (56.9-60.5)

Model: anemia_alt_adj ~ roundofsurvey + age_c + Type_of_Ration_Card + Usage_of_floating_kernels + Decanted_water.