Ejercicios básicos sobre el uso de dplyr

Ejercicio 1: Haciendo uso del dataframe mtcars

A.Selecciona solo los automóviles que tienen un consumo de gasolina (mpg) mayor que 25 y un peso (wt) menor que 2.5

library(dplyr)
library(tibble)
library(stringr)
library(tidyr)

#accediendo a la base de datos mtcars
autos <- mtcars |> 
  rownames_to_column(var = "modelo")

head(autos)

##              modelo  mpg cyl disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb
## 1         Mazda RX4 21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46  0  1    4    4
## 2     Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02  0  1    4    4
## 3        Datsun 710 22.8   4  108  93 3.85 2.320 18.61  1  1    4    1
## 4    Hornet 4 Drive 21.4   6  258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44  1  0    3    1
## 5 Hornet Sportabout 18.7   8  360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02  0  0    3    2
## 6           Valiant 18.1   6  225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22  1  0    3    1

autos |> 
  filter(mpg>25 & wt<2.5) |> 
  select(everything())

##           modelo  mpg cyl  disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb
## 1       Fiat 128 32.4   4  78.7  66 4.08 2.200 19.47  1  1    4    1
## 2    Honda Civic 30.4   4  75.7  52 4.93 1.615 18.52  1  1    4    2
## 3 Toyota Corolla 33.9   4  71.1  65 4.22 1.835 19.90  1  1    4    1
## 4      Fiat X1-9 27.3   4  79.0  66 4.08 1.935 18.90  1  1    4    1
## 5  Porsche 914-2 26.0   4 120.3  91 4.43 2.140 16.70  0  1    5    2
## 6   Lotus Europa 30.4   4  95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90  1  1    5    2

B.Ordena los automóviles por su potencia (hp) de forma ascendente y muestra solo las columnas mpg, hp y wt.

autos |> 
  select(mpg,hp,wt) |> 
  arrange(hp)

##     mpg  hp    wt
## 1  30.4  52 1.615
## 2  24.4  62 3.190
## 3  33.9  65 1.835
## 4  32.4  66 2.200
## 5  27.3  66 1.935
## 6  26.0  91 2.140
## 7  22.8  93 2.320
## 8  22.8  95 3.150
## 9  21.5  97 2.465
## 10 18.1 105 3.460
## 11 21.4 109 2.780
## 12 21.0 110 2.620
## 13 21.0 110 2.875
## 14 21.4 110 3.215
## 15 30.4 113 1.513
## 16 19.2 123 3.440
## 17 17.8 123 3.440
## 18 15.5 150 3.520
## 19 15.2 150 3.435
## 20 18.7 175 3.440
## 21 19.2 175 3.845
## 22 19.7 175 2.770
## 23 16.4 180 4.070
## 24 17.3 180 3.730
## 25 15.2 180 3.780
## 26 10.4 205 5.250
## 27 10.4 215 5.424
## 28 14.7 230 5.345
## 29 14.3 245 3.570
## 30 13.3 245 3.840
## 31 15.8 264 3.170
## 32 15.0 335 3.570

C. Crea una nueva columna llamada kpl, que contenga el consumo de gasolina en kilómetros por litro, sabiendo que 1 mpg equivale a 0.4251 kpl.

autos |> 
  mutate(
    kpl= mpg*0.4251
  )

##                 modelo  mpg cyl  disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb
## 1            Mazda RX4 21.0   6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46  0  1    4    4
## 2        Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0   6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02  0  1    4    4
## 3           Datsun 710 22.8   4 108.0  93 3.85 2.320 18.61  1  1    4    1
## 4       Hornet 4 Drive 21.4   6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44  1  0    3    1
## 5    Hornet Sportabout 18.7   8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02  0  0    3    2
## 6              Valiant 18.1   6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22  1  0    3    1
## 7           Duster 360 14.3   8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84  0  0    3    4
## 8            Merc 240D 24.4   4 146.7  62 3.69 3.190 20.00  1  0    4    2
## 9             Merc 230 22.8   4 140.8  95 3.92 3.150 22.90  1  0    4    2
## 10            Merc 280 19.2   6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30  1  0    4    4
## 11           Merc 280C 17.8   6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90  1  0    4    4
## 12          Merc 450SE 16.4   8 275.8 180 3.07 4.070 17.40  0  0    3    3
## 13          Merc 450SL 17.3   8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60  0  0    3    3
## 14         Merc 450SLC 15.2   8 275.8 180 3.07 3.780 18.00  0  0    3    3
## 15  Cadillac Fleetwood 10.4   8 472.0 205 2.93 5.250 17.98  0  0    3    4
## 16 Lincoln Continental 10.4   8 460.0 215 3.00 5.424 17.82  0  0    3    4
## 17   Chrysler Imperial 14.7   8 440.0 230 3.23 5.345 17.42  0  0    3    4
## 18            Fiat 128 32.4   4  78.7  66 4.08 2.200 19.47  1  1    4    1
## 19         Honda Civic 30.4   4  75.7  52 4.93 1.615 18.52  1  1    4    2
## 20      Toyota Corolla 33.9   4  71.1  65 4.22 1.835 19.90  1  1    4    1
## 21       Toyota Corona 21.5   4 120.1  97 3.70 2.465 20.01  1  0    3    1
## 22    Dodge Challenger 15.5   8 318.0 150 2.76 3.520 16.87  0  0    3    2
## 23         AMC Javelin 15.2   8 304.0 150 3.15 3.435 17.30  0  0    3    2
## 24          Camaro Z28 13.3   8 350.0 245 3.73 3.840 15.41  0  0    3    4
## 25    Pontiac Firebird 19.2   8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05  0  0    3    2
## 26           Fiat X1-9 27.3   4  79.0  66 4.08 1.935 18.90  1  1    4    1
## 27       Porsche 914-2 26.0   4 120.3  91 4.43 2.140 16.70  0  1    5    2
## 28        Lotus Europa 30.4   4  95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90  1  1    5    2
## 29      Ford Pantera L 15.8   8 351.0 264 4.22 3.170 14.50  0  1    5    4
## 30        Ferrari Dino 19.7   6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50  0  1    5    6
## 31       Maserati Bora 15.0   8 301.0 335 3.54 3.570 14.60  0  1    5    8
## 32          Volvo 142E 21.4   4 121.0 109 4.11 2.780 18.60  1  1    4    2
##         kpl
## 1   8.92710
## 2   8.92710
## 3   9.69228
## 4   9.09714
## 5   7.94937
## 6   7.69431
## 7   6.07893
## 8  10.37244
## 9   9.69228
## 10  8.16192
## 11  7.56678
## 12  6.97164
## 13  7.35423
## 14  6.46152
## 15  4.42104
## 16  4.42104
## 17  6.24897
## 18 13.77324
## 19 12.92304
## 20 14.41089
## 21  9.13965
## 22  6.58905
## 23  6.46152
## 24  5.65383
## 25  8.16192
## 26 11.60523
## 27 11.05260
## 28 12.92304
## 29  6.71658
## 30  8.37447
## 31  6.37650
## 32  9.09714

D. Calcula la media, la mediana y la desviación estándar del consumo de gasolina (mpg) de todos los automóviles.

autos |> 
  summarise(
    promedio_mpg= mean(mpg),
    mediana_mpg= median(mpg),
    desv_mpg= sd(mpg)
    )

##   promedio_mpg mediana_mpg desv_mpg
## 1     20.09062        19.2 6.026948

E. Agrupa los automóviles por el número de cilindros (cyl) y calcula la media y la desviación estándar del consumo de gasolina (mpg) por cada grupo.

 autos |> 
  group_by(cyl) |> 
  summarise(
    media_pmg= mean(mpg),
    desviación_mpg= sd(mpg)
  )

## # A tibble: 3 × 3
##     cyl media_pmg desviación_mpg
##   <dbl>     <dbl>          <dbl>
## 1     4      26.7           4.51
## 2     6      19.7           1.45
## 3     8      15.1           2.56

Ejercicio 2: instala la librería pwt10, usa el siguiente comando pwt<-pwt10::pwt10.01 para crear el dataframe pwt,

library(pwt10)

# Asignar los datos al dataframe pwt
pwt <- pwt10::pwt10.01
head(pwt,n=10)

##          country isocode year       currency rgdpe rgdpo pop emp avh hc ccon
## ABW-1950   Aruba     ABW 1950 Aruban Guilder    NA    NA  NA  NA  NA NA   NA
## ABW-1951   Aruba     ABW 1951 Aruban Guilder    NA    NA  NA  NA  NA NA   NA
## ABW-1952   Aruba     ABW 1952 Aruban Guilder    NA    NA  NA  NA  NA NA   NA
## ABW-1953   Aruba     ABW 1953 Aruban Guilder    NA    NA  NA  NA  NA NA   NA
## ABW-1954   Aruba     ABW 1954 Aruban Guilder    NA    NA  NA  NA  NA NA   NA
## ABW-1955   Aruba     ABW 1955 Aruban Guilder    NA    NA  NA  NA  NA NA   NA
## ABW-1956   Aruba     ABW 1956 Aruban Guilder    NA    NA  NA  NA  NA NA   NA
## ABW-1957   Aruba     ABW 1957 Aruban Guilder    NA    NA  NA  NA  NA NA   NA
## ABW-1958   Aruba     ABW 1958 Aruban Guilder    NA    NA  NA  NA  NA NA   NA
## ABW-1959   Aruba     ABW 1959 Aruban Guilder    NA    NA  NA  NA  NA NA   NA
##          cda cgdpe cgdpo cn ck ctfp cwtfp rgdpna rconna rdana rnna rkna rtfpna
## ABW-1950  NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA    NA     NA     NA    NA   NA   NA     NA
## ABW-1951  NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA    NA     NA     NA    NA   NA   NA     NA
## ABW-1952  NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA    NA     NA     NA    NA   NA   NA     NA
## ABW-1953  NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA    NA     NA     NA    NA   NA   NA     NA
## ABW-1954  NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA    NA     NA     NA    NA   NA   NA     NA
## ABW-1955  NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA    NA     NA     NA    NA   NA   NA     NA
## ABW-1956  NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA    NA     NA     NA    NA   NA   NA     NA
## ABW-1957  NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA    NA     NA     NA    NA   NA   NA     NA
## ABW-1958  NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA    NA     NA     NA    NA   NA   NA     NA
## ABW-1959  NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA    NA     NA     NA    NA   NA   NA     NA
##          rwtfpna labsh irr delta xr pl_con pl_da pl_gdpo i_cig i_xm i_xr
## ABW-1950      NA    NA  NA    NA NA     NA    NA      NA  <NA> <NA> <NA>
## ABW-1951      NA    NA  NA    NA NA     NA    NA      NA  <NA> <NA> <NA>
## ABW-1952      NA    NA  NA    NA NA     NA    NA      NA  <NA> <NA> <NA>
## ABW-1953      NA    NA  NA    NA NA     NA    NA      NA  <NA> <NA> <NA>
## ABW-1954      NA    NA  NA    NA NA     NA    NA      NA  <NA> <NA> <NA>
## ABW-1955      NA    NA  NA    NA NA     NA    NA      NA  <NA> <NA> <NA>
## ABW-1956      NA    NA  NA    NA NA     NA    NA      NA  <NA> <NA> <NA>
## ABW-1957      NA    NA  NA    NA NA     NA    NA      NA  <NA> <NA> <NA>
## ABW-1958      NA    NA  NA    NA NA     NA    NA      NA  <NA> <NA> <NA>
## ABW-1959      NA    NA  NA    NA NA     NA    NA      NA  <NA> <NA> <NA>
##          i_outlier i_irr cor_exp statcap csh_c csh_i csh_g csh_x csh_m csh_r
## ABW-1950      <NA>  <NA>      NA      NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
## ABW-1951      <NA>  <NA>      NA      NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
## ABW-1952      <NA>  <NA>      NA      NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
## ABW-1953      <NA>  <NA>      NA      NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
## ABW-1954      <NA>  <NA>      NA      NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
## ABW-1955      <NA>  <NA>      NA      NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
## ABW-1956      <NA>  <NA>      NA      NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
## ABW-1957      <NA>  <NA>      NA      NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
## ABW-1958      <NA>  <NA>      NA      NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
## ABW-1959      <NA>  <NA>      NA      NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
##          pl_c pl_i pl_g pl_x pl_m pl_n pl_k
## ABW-1950   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA
## ABW-1951   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA
## ABW-1952   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA
## ABW-1953   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA
## ABW-1954   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA
## ABW-1955   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA
## ABW-1956   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA
## ABW-1957   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA
## ABW-1958   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA
## ABW-1959   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA   NA

A. Seleccionar solo los países que pertenecen a América Latina. Puedes usar el código ISO de tres letras para identificarlos. Por ejemplo, el código de El Salvador es SLV. Guarda los resultados en el objeto pwt_latam

#  la tabla filtrada directamente en el objeto pwt_latam
pwt_latam <- pwt |> 
  filter(isocode %in% c("ARG", "BOL", "BRA", "CHL", "COL", "CRI", 
                        "CUB", "DOM", "ECU", "SLV", "GTM", "HND", 
                        "MEX", "NIC", "PAN", "PRY", "PER", "URY", 
                        "VEN","HTI")) 

head(pwt_latam,n=10)

##            country isocode year       currency    rgdpe    rgdpo      pop
## ARG-1950 Argentina     ARG 1950 Argentine Peso 50303.95 50108.76 17.09182
## ARG-1951 Argentina     ARG 1951 Argentine Peso 52677.96 51339.17 17.45758
## ARG-1952 Argentina     ARG 1952 Argentine Peso 47677.21 46855.10 17.81597
## ARG-1953 Argentina     ARG 1953 Argentine Peso 49529.67 49917.15 18.16862
## ARG-1954 Argentina     ARG 1954 Argentine Peso 51835.38 52254.77 18.51717
## ARG-1955 Argentina     ARG 1955 Argentine Peso 56628.43 56072.50 18.86324
## ARG-1956 Argentina     ARG 1956 Argentine Peso 58044.67 57550.32 19.20576
## ARG-1957 Argentina     ARG 1957 Argentine Peso 60744.99 60560.37 19.54363
## ARG-1958 Argentina     ARG 1958 Argentine Peso 65418.04 65162.11 19.87849
## ARG-1959 Argentina     ARG 1959 Argentine Peso 62026.23 61388.02 20.21196
##               emp      avh       hc     ccon      cda    cgdpe    cgdpo
## ARG-1950 6.608833 2034.000 1.816503 43743.46 48022.83 49204.30 50511.77
## ARG-1951 6.713252 2037.867 1.830769 44728.54 51221.76 51548.03 51700.11
## ARG-1952 6.819321 2041.741 1.845147 42317.23 47927.18 46790.66 47280.33
## ARG-1953 6.927065 2045.622 1.859638 42263.66 48224.32 48639.14 50378.67
## ARG-1954 7.036511 2049.511 1.874243 45478.02 51166.22 50798.35 52633.07
## ARG-1955 7.147688 2053.407 1.888963 49945.27 56265.33 55253.88 56270.61
## ARG-1956 7.244112 2057.311 1.901768 49262.15 55278.18 56272.43 57369.76
## ARG-1957 7.341836 2061.222 1.914661 51916.88 58590.23 58766.52 60171.93
## ARG-1958 7.440879 2065.141 1.927641 55656.57 62957.29 63249.70 64713.64
## ARG-1959 7.541259 2069.067 1.940709 51065.33 57793.66 59552.20 60581.77
##                cn          ck      ctfp     cwtfp   rgdpna   rconna    rdana
## ARG-1950 57091.52          NA        NA        NA 196688.5 146144.5 156731.9
## ARG-1951 62726.13          NA        NA        NA 208305.2 149824.8 171590.5
## ARG-1952 67185.02          NA        NA        NA 195898.2 141676.2 159190.9
## ARG-1953 71564.65          NA        NA        NA 204164.9 141119.5 160590.8
## ARG-1954 75800.47 0.005783468 0.7171618 0.6967875 210812.6 151859.8 169543.1
## ARG-1955 80596.41 0.005960498 0.7152358 0.7146051 225537.5 166968.0 187097.1
## ARG-1956 84654.47 0.006045632 0.7004923 0.6774337 231485.5 166716.2 184879.6
## ARG-1957 87753.47 0.006134658 0.7060309 0.6921729 240381.4 176055.5 196569.4
## ARG-1958 93118.81 0.006240022 0.7365391 0.7147591 256257.3 188899.9 211309.8
## ARG-1959 96384.15 0.006239666 0.6669328 0.6348090 243847.0 175290.2 195477.1
##              rnna      rkna   rtfpna   rwtfpna     labsh       irr      delta
## ARG-1950 309057.0        NA       NA        NA 0.4410236 0.3081208 0.02762875
## ARG-1951 339337.8        NA       NA        NA 0.4410236 0.3563035 0.02806184
## ARG-1952 361792.5        NA       NA        NA 0.4410236 0.3098073 0.02858521
## ARG-1953 385867.2        NA       NA        NA 0.4410236 0.3069586 0.02876815
## ARG-1954 407615.8 0.1169974 1.195033 0.9557823 0.4410236 0.2942766 0.02881225
## ARG-1955 433093.8 0.1245309 1.220924 1.0072385 0.4410236 0.3133069 0.02898156
## ARG-1956 454691.5 0.1308746 1.207001 0.9586681 0.4410236 0.2905137 0.02927743
## ARG-1957 479295.6 0.1380741 1.204648 0.9796492 0.4410236 0.2865371 0.02952417
## ARG-1958 506545.5 0.1459859 1.232777 1.0109354 0.4410236 0.2863761 0.02970003
## ARG-1959 528050.4 0.1522004 1.134961 0.9048050 0.4410236 0.2828515 0.02976362
##                    xr    pl_con     pl_da   pl_gdpo        i_cig         i_xm
## ARG-1950 9.160471e-13 0.2003557 0.2201716 0.2144727 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1951 1.155473e-12 0.2196224 0.2382914 0.2375904 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1952 1.388057e-12 0.2358658 0.2511577 0.2485565 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1953 1.497827e-12 0.2386490 0.2549080 0.2461062 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1954 1.603108e-12 0.2384415 0.2543599 0.2454932 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1955 1.752513e-12 0.2395951 0.2545100 0.2499114 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1956 2.175261e-12 0.2491566 0.2652223 0.2601493 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1957 2.517013e-12 0.2525253 0.2725190 0.2661539 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1958 3.275706e-12 0.2556361 0.2759899 0.2697465 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1959 6.517409e-12 0.2658937 0.2828443 0.2780374 extrapolated extrapolated
##               i_xr i_outlier   i_irr cor_exp statcap     csh_c      csh_i
## ARG-1950 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7870902 0.08472027
## ARG-1951 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7872916 0.12559384
## ARG-1952 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.8111964 0.11865280
## ARG-1953 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7618229 0.11831713
## ARG-1954 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7869102 0.10807282
## ARG-1955 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.8115221 0.11231538
## ARG-1956 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7755548 0.10486414
## ARG-1957 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7860544 0.11090472
## ARG-1958 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7859173 0.11281584
## ARG-1959 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7627370 0.11106196
##               csh_g      csh_x       csh_m       csh_r      pl_c      pl_i
## ARG-1950 0.07891510 0.12253962 -0.06042295 -0.01284226 0.1930672 0.4227295
## ARG-1951 0.07786204 0.10049741 -0.07477643 -0.01646856 0.2138619 0.3668930
## ARG-1952 0.08383197 0.07784671 -0.05837962 -0.03314824 0.2296052 0.3665081
## ARG-1953 0.07709671 0.10670915 -0.04178465 -0.02216130 0.2308601 0.3701914
## ARG-1954 0.07714751 0.10859370 -0.05152481 -0.02919950 0.2296841 0.3816291
## ARG-1955 0.07606866 0.09155604 -0.05737847 -0.03408369 0.2312917 0.3723776
## ARG-1956 0.08312317 0.10193233 -0.04956219 -0.01591225 0.2441718 0.3967761
## ARG-1957 0.07675465 0.10144737 -0.05262738 -0.02253372 0.2493530 0.4280646
## ARG-1958 0.07412647 0.09413454 -0.04793249 -0.01906162 0.2473614 0.4311565
## ARG-1959 0.08017891 0.10485386 -0.04445114 -0.01438052 0.2636325 0.4114921
##               pl_g       pl_x       pl_m      pl_n     pl_k
## ARG-1950 0.2730502 0.11766465 0.10781403 0.3044965       NA
## ARG-1951 0.2778692 0.14225884 0.11875489 0.2758175       NA
## ARG-1952 0.2964466 0.12629686 0.13069408 0.2793818       NA
## ARG-1953 0.3156136 0.11086346 0.10236239 0.2784230       NA
## ARG-1954 0.3277680 0.09400692 0.09351037 0.2851585 8.819025
## ARG-1955 0.3281777 0.10950953 0.10601742 0.2759877 8.312359
## ARG-1956 0.2956661 0.19288272 0.22043040 0.2975555 8.546967
## ARG-1957 0.2850133 0.18347435 0.22454317 0.3057605 8.524933
## ARG-1958 0.3433668 0.17370814 0.20785601 0.3158274 8.930547
## ARG-1959 0.2874043 0.22445045 0.25479472 0.2941871 7.810551

B. Calcula el ingreso per cápita promedio (rgdpe/pop) y el índice de capital humano promedio (hc) de los países latinoamericanos en el año 2019.

 pwt_latam |> 
  filter(year==2019) |>
  summarise(
    Ingreso_percapita= mean(rgdpe/pop,na.rm=TRUE),
    HC_promedio= mean(hc, na.rm=TRUE)
  )

##   Ingreso_percapita HC_promedio
## 1          13377.38    2.666578

C. Agrupa los países latinoamericanos por su nivel de ingreso según el Banco Mundial.Puedes usar la siguiente clasificación: bajo (menos de 1026 USD), bajo-medio (entre 1026 y 3995 USD), medio-alto (entre 3996 y 12375 USD) y alto (más de 12375 USD).

Nivel_de_ingreso<- pwt_latam  |> 
  mutate(
    Ingreso_percapita = rgdpe / pop,
    categorizacion_ingreso = case_when(
      Ingreso_percapita < 1026 ~ "Bajo",
      Ingreso_percapita >= 1026 & Ingreso_percapita <= 3995 ~ "Bajo-medio",
      Ingreso_percapita > 3995 & Ingreso_percapita <= 12375 ~ "Medio-alto",
      Ingreso_percapita > 12375 ~ "Alto"
    ) 
  ) 

head(Nivel_de_ingreso,20)

##            country isocode year       currency    rgdpe    rgdpo      pop
## ARG-1950 Argentina     ARG 1950 Argentine Peso 50303.95 50108.76 17.09182
## ARG-1951 Argentina     ARG 1951 Argentine Peso 52677.96 51339.17 17.45758
## ARG-1952 Argentina     ARG 1952 Argentine Peso 47677.21 46855.10 17.81597
## ARG-1953 Argentina     ARG 1953 Argentine Peso 49529.67 49917.15 18.16862
## ARG-1954 Argentina     ARG 1954 Argentine Peso 51835.38 52254.77 18.51717
## ARG-1955 Argentina     ARG 1955 Argentine Peso 56628.43 56072.50 18.86324
## ARG-1956 Argentina     ARG 1956 Argentine Peso 58044.67 57550.32 19.20576
## ARG-1957 Argentina     ARG 1957 Argentine Peso 60744.99 60560.37 19.54363
## ARG-1958 Argentina     ARG 1958 Argentine Peso 65418.04 65162.11 19.87849
## ARG-1959 Argentina     ARG 1959 Argentine Peso 62026.23 61388.02 20.21196
## ARG-1960 Argentina     ARG 1960 Argentine Peso 66827.48 65991.28 20.54567
## ARG-1961 Argentina     ARG 1961 Argentine Peso 70027.47 68127.41 20.87911
## ARG-1962 Argentina     ARG 1962 Argentine Peso 66726.81 69384.20 21.21117
## ARG-1963 Argentina     ARG 1963 Argentine Peso 66221.09 66981.19 21.54266
## ARG-1964 Argentina     ARG 1964 Argentine Peso 70699.46 70325.31 21.87436
## ARG-1965 Argentina     ARG 1965 Argentine Peso 81516.11 79025.89 22.20708
## ARG-1966 Argentina     ARG 1966 Argentine Peso 81065.38 80755.51 22.53446
## ARG-1967 Argentina     ARG 1967 Argentine Peso 84686.62 83494.26 22.85598
## ARG-1968 Argentina     ARG 1968 Argentine Peso 87104.52 85935.95 23.18116
## ARG-1969 Argentina     ARG 1969 Argentine Peso 94738.73 94348.56 23.51951
##               emp      avh       hc     ccon      cda    cgdpe    cgdpo
## ARG-1950 6.608833 2034.000 1.816503 43743.46 48022.83 49204.30 50511.77
## ARG-1951 6.713252 2037.867 1.830769 44728.54 51221.76 51548.03 51700.11
## ARG-1952 6.819321 2041.741 1.845147 42317.23 47927.18 46790.66 47280.33
## ARG-1953 6.927065 2045.622 1.859638 42263.66 48224.32 48639.14 50378.67
## ARG-1954 7.036511 2049.511 1.874243 45478.02 51166.22 50798.35 52633.07
## ARG-1955 7.147688 2053.407 1.888963 49945.27 56265.33 55253.88 56270.61
## ARG-1956 7.244112 2057.311 1.901768 49262.15 55278.18 56272.43 57369.76
## ARG-1957 7.341836 2061.222 1.914661 51916.88 58590.23 58766.52 60171.93
## ARG-1958 7.440879 2065.141 1.927641 55656.57 62957.29 63249.70 64713.64
## ARG-1959 7.541259 2069.067 1.940709 51065.33 57793.66 59552.20 60581.77
## ARG-1960 7.642992 2073.000 1.953866 53228.52 62912.90 64586.86 65001.02
## ARG-1961 7.739992 2066.201 1.964928 56823.09 67002.35 67937.06 67339.91
## ARG-1962 7.838223 2059.423 1.976053 57620.36 66685.78 64804.50 68889.10
## ARG-1963 7.937701 2052.668 1.987240 55590.20 63115.37 64030.21 66452.44
## ARG-1964 8.038442 2045.936 1.998491 59296.44 69007.70 68091.34 69475.61
## ARG-1965 8.140460 2039.225 2.009806 67106.80 77148.02 78441.23 77955.90
## ARG-1966 8.240280 2032.536 2.022713 66314.70 75960.53 77970.37 79723.92
## ARG-1967 8.341325 2025.869 2.035703 68894.08 78793.76 81752.48 82712.75
## ARG-1968 8.443606 2019.224 2.048777 71888.83 82625.35 84158.70 85226.79
## ARG-1969 8.547144 2012.601 2.061934 76539.35 89836.06 91175.36 93200.62
##                 cn          ck      ctfp     cwtfp   rgdpna   rconna    rdana
## ARG-1950  57091.52          NA        NA        NA 196688.5 146144.5 156731.9
## ARG-1951  62726.13          NA        NA        NA 208305.2 149824.8 171590.5
## ARG-1952  67185.02          NA        NA        NA 195898.2 141676.2 159190.9
## ARG-1953  71564.65          NA        NA        NA 204164.9 141119.5 160590.8
## ARG-1954  75800.47 0.005783468 0.7171618 0.6967875 210812.6 151859.8 169543.1
## ARG-1955  80596.41 0.005960498 0.7152358 0.7146051 225537.5 166968.0 187097.1
## ARG-1956  84654.47 0.006045632 0.7004923 0.6774337 231485.5 166716.2 184879.6
## ARG-1957  87753.47 0.006134658 0.7060309 0.6921729 240381.4 176055.5 196569.4
## ARG-1958  93118.81 0.006240022 0.7365391 0.7147591 256257.3 188899.9 211309.8
## ARG-1959  96384.15 0.006239666 0.6669328 0.6348090 243847.0 175290.2 195477.1
## ARG-1960 103569.91 0.006437474 0.6772332 0.6560070 270342.0 180846.6 215536.2
## ARG-1961 111476.45 0.006722252 0.6677523 0.6655469 279138.9 190676.2 229303.0
## ARG-1962 117350.74 0.006795941 0.6502320 0.6304532 280924.9 192324.6 226313.5
## ARG-1963 121068.77 0.006688621 0.6076272 0.5796081 270609.3 186854.7 213656.4
## ARG-1964 127121.20 0.006631440 0.6075355 0.6083755 291641.7 200420.1 236505.5
## ARG-1965 133092.80 0.006643527 0.6538153 0.6491245 318469.6 227006.8 263344.6
## ARG-1966 138348.31 0.006547734 0.6407106 0.6104125 319221.3 224418.8 259033.5
## ARG-1967 143743.14 0.006488012 0.6490843 0.6171301 328118.8 231526.6 267555.0
## ARG-1968 149957.95 0.006459287 0.6416876 0.6182212 345067.5 241573.1 281448.4
## ARG-1969 158988.83 0.006572143 0.6785855 0.6500110 376696.0 258340.9 309672.2
##              rnna      rkna   rtfpna   rwtfpna     labsh       irr      delta
## ARG-1950 309057.0        NA       NA        NA 0.4410236 0.3081208 0.02762875
## ARG-1951 339337.8        NA       NA        NA 0.4410236 0.3563035 0.02806184
## ARG-1952 361792.5        NA       NA        NA 0.4410236 0.3098073 0.02858521
## ARG-1953 385867.2        NA       NA        NA 0.4410236 0.3069586 0.02876815
## ARG-1954 407615.8 0.1169974 1.195033 0.9557823 0.4410236 0.2942766 0.02881225
## ARG-1955 433093.8 0.1245309 1.220924 1.0072385 0.4410236 0.3133069 0.02898156
## ARG-1956 454691.5 0.1308746 1.207001 0.9586681 0.4410236 0.2905137 0.02927743
## ARG-1957 479295.6 0.1380741 1.204648 0.9796492 0.4410236 0.2865371 0.02952417
## ARG-1958 506545.5 0.1459859 1.232777 1.0109354 0.4410236 0.2863761 0.02970003
## ARG-1959 528050.4 0.1522004 1.134961 0.9048050 0.4410236 0.2828515 0.02976362
## ARG-1960 569324.1 0.1648545 1.191694 0.9448585 0.4410236 0.3098782 0.03030648
## ARG-1961 612492.1 0.1790247 1.167309 0.9536098 0.4410236 0.2423398 0.03138463
## ARG-1962 645182.2 0.1896463 1.130046 0.9053401 0.4410236 0.2752699 0.03222898
## ARG-1963 664245.6 0.1951495 1.064233 0.8356135 0.4410236 0.2565375 0.03247095
## ARG-1964 696996.7 0.2055432 1.106825 0.8926194 0.4410236 0.2565659 0.03257681
## ARG-1965 730044.9 0.2159687 1.167935 0.9604410 0.4410236 0.2399953 0.03283848
## ARG-1966 758551.1 0.2246149 1.137580 0.9179978 0.4410236 0.2433586 0.03296208
## ARG-1967 788108.7 0.2334044 1.136768 0.9218267 0.4410236 0.2334555 0.03293971
## ARG-1968 822198.1 0.2435128 1.159635 0.9406142 0.4410236 0.2368266 0.03286906
## ARG-1969 871081.9 0.2585497 1.215993 0.9941179 0.4410236 0.2498403 0.03290009
##                    xr    pl_con     pl_da   pl_gdpo        i_cig         i_xm
## ARG-1950 9.160471e-13 0.2003557 0.2201716 0.2144727 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1951 1.155473e-12 0.2196224 0.2382914 0.2375904 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1952 1.388057e-12 0.2358658 0.2511577 0.2485565 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1953 1.497827e-12 0.2386490 0.2549080 0.2461062 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1954 1.603108e-12 0.2384415 0.2543599 0.2454932 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1955 1.752513e-12 0.2395951 0.2545100 0.2499114 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1956 2.175261e-12 0.2491566 0.2652223 0.2601493 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1957 2.517013e-12 0.2525253 0.2725190 0.2661539 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1958 3.275706e-12 0.2556361 0.2759899 0.2697465 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1959 6.517409e-12 0.2658937 0.2828443 0.2780374 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1960 7.608073e-12 0.2741671 0.2931283 0.2912606 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1961 9.097094e-12 0.2580620 0.2909035 0.2934832 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1962 1.150843e-11 0.2933444 0.3106883 0.2922668 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1963 1.409980e-11 0.2917709 0.3063306 0.2951647 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1964 1.776855e-11 0.2973746 0.3152161 0.3089356 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1965 2.152660e-11 0.2788399 0.3042468 0.3061410 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1966 2.639183e-11 0.2943926 0.3154237 0.3084858 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1967 3.329997e-11 0.2937439 0.3182040 0.3145097 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1968 3.499997e-11 0.3134424 0.3385155 0.3342731 extrapolated extrapolated
## ARG-1969 3.499997e-11 0.3426972 0.3711158 0.3630513 extrapolated extrapolated
##               i_xr i_outlier   i_irr cor_exp statcap     csh_c      csh_i
## ARG-1950 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7870902 0.08472027
## ARG-1951 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7872916 0.12559384
## ARG-1952 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.8111964 0.11865280
## ARG-1953 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7618229 0.11831713
## ARG-1954 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7869102 0.10807282
## ARG-1955 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.8115221 0.11231538
## ARG-1956 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7755548 0.10486414
## ARG-1957 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7860544 0.11090472
## ARG-1958 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7859173 0.11281584
## ARG-1959 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7627370 0.11106196
## ARG-1960 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7362652 0.14898816
## ARG-1961 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7625508 0.15116249
## ARG-1962 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7570700 0.13159443
## ARG-1963 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7535931 0.11324143
## ARG-1964 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7734630 0.13977936
## ARG-1965 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7880872 0.12880640
## ARG-1966 estimated       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7590181 0.12099050
## ARG-1967    market       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7618626 0.11968744
## ARG-1968    market       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7656780 0.12597589
## ARG-1969    market       yes regular      NA      NA 0.7488726 0.14266758
##               csh_g      csh_x       csh_m        csh_r      pl_c      pl_i
## ARG-1950 0.07891510 0.12253962 -0.06042295 -0.012842263 0.1930672 0.4227295
## ARG-1951 0.07786204 0.10049741 -0.07477643 -0.016468564 0.2138619 0.3668930
## ARG-1952 0.08383197 0.07784671 -0.05837962 -0.033148237 0.2296052 0.3665081
## ARG-1953 0.07709671 0.10670915 -0.04178465 -0.022161305 0.2308601 0.3701914
## ARG-1954 0.07714751 0.10859370 -0.05152481 -0.029199498 0.2296841 0.3816291
## ARG-1955 0.07606866 0.09155604 -0.05737847 -0.034083694 0.2312917 0.3723776
## ARG-1956 0.08312317 0.10193233 -0.04956219 -0.015912252 0.2441718 0.3967761
## ARG-1957 0.07675465 0.10144737 -0.05262738 -0.022533718 0.2493530 0.4280646
## ARG-1958 0.07412647 0.09413454 -0.04793249 -0.019061623 0.2473614 0.4311565
## ARG-1959 0.08017891 0.10485386 -0.04445114 -0.014380516 0.2636325 0.4114921
## ARG-1960 0.08262213 0.09658764 -0.05809302 -0.006370167 0.2711272 0.3973455
## ARG-1961 0.08127404 0.08061840 -0.06349631 -0.012109389 0.2592165 0.4742328
## ARG-1962 0.07935197 0.11076912 -0.05557367 -0.023211857 0.2830766 0.4209267
## ARG-1963 0.08294813 0.10536125 -0.05011049 -0.005033368 0.2890219 0.4138867
## ARG-1964 0.08002263 0.09492584 -0.06249877 -0.025692139 0.3023590 0.4241552
## ARG-1965 0.07274300 0.07673856 -0.07296547  0.006590251 0.2766562 0.4740443
## ARG-1966 0.07278608 0.08615585 -0.04962781  0.010677229 0.2840905 0.4600112
## ARG-1967 0.07106912 0.07941484 -0.05404088  0.022006828 0.2859509 0.4884270
## ARG-1968 0.07782231 0.06970878 -0.05043087  0.011245808 0.3075770 0.5063979
## ARG-1969 0.07235960 0.07668670 -0.05405251  0.013466035 0.3355028 0.5347005
##               pl_g       pl_x       pl_m      pl_n     pl_k Ingreso_percapita
## ARG-1950 0.2730502 0.11766465 0.10781403 0.3044965       NA          2943.159
## ARG-1951 0.2778692 0.14225884 0.11875489 0.2758175       NA          3017.484
## ARG-1952 0.2964466 0.12629686 0.13069408 0.2793818       NA          2676.094
## ARG-1953 0.3156136 0.11086346 0.10236239 0.2784230       NA          2726.111
## ARG-1954 0.3277680 0.09400692 0.09351037 0.2851585 8.819025          2799.314
## ARG-1955 0.3281777 0.10950953 0.10601742 0.2759877 8.312359          3002.052
## ARG-1956 0.2956661 0.19288272 0.22043040 0.2975555 8.546967          3022.253
## ARG-1957 0.2850133 0.18347435 0.22454317 0.3057605 8.524933          3108.173
## ARG-1958 0.3433668 0.17370814 0.20785601 0.3158274 8.930547          3290.896
## ARG-1959 0.2874043 0.22445045 0.25479472 0.2941871 7.810551          3068.789
## ARG-1960 0.3012567 0.22295420 0.20880954 0.2830737 8.349764          3252.630
## ARG-1961 0.2472298 0.21563669 0.15422170 0.3382094 7.983830          3353.950
## ARG-1962 0.3913063 0.12126811 0.27230984 0.2927129 7.396870          3145.834
## ARG-1963 0.3167456 0.19220683 0.29032409 0.2945520 6.886970          3073.952
## ARG-1964 0.2491978 0.16849405 0.19544058 0.3072786 7.040246          3232.070
## ARG-1965 0.3024979 0.19714408 0.16581662 0.3451371 7.110538          3670.727
## ARG-1966 0.4018239 0.18368933 0.22503230 0.3396974 6.847876          3597.396
## ARG-1967 0.3772861 0.22295783 0.24509294 0.3587460 7.048121          3705.228
## ARG-1968 0.3711513 0.23023893 0.27202514 0.3729493 7.168716          3757.557
## ARG-1969 0.4171539 0.22555277 0.31178579 0.4001005 7.942610          4028.091
##          categorizacion_ingreso
## ARG-1950             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1951             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1952             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1953             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1954             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1955             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1956             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1957             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1958             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1959             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1960             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1961             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1962             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1963             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1964             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1965             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1966             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1967             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1968             Bajo-medio
## ARG-1969             Medio-alto

D. Calcula el crecimiento promedio del PIB real (rgdpe) por cada grupo de ingreso entre 2015 y 2019 (usa los resultados del ítem anterior.

 Nivel_de_ingreso |> 
  filter(year>=2015 & year<=2019) |> 
  group_by(categorizacion_ingreso) |> 
  summarise(
    crecimiento_promedio_PIB = mean(rgdpe)
  )

## # A tibble: 4 × 2
##   categorizacion_ingreso crecimiento_promedio_PIB
##   <chr>                                     <dbl>
## 1 Alto                                    862799.
## 2 Bajo                                      9765.
## 3 Bajo-medio                               24956.
## 4 Medio-alto                              112777.