Menyimpan Data dalam Variabel (Fungsi c)

# Gambar 2.9
simpan = c(10, 20, 40, 15, 40)
simpan
## [1] 10 20 40 15 40
# Gambar 2.11
simpan = c(1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000)
simpan
## [1] 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Mengakses Nilai Data dalam Variabel secara Individual

# Gambar 2.13
simpan = c(10, 20, 40, 15, 40)
simpan[3]
## [1] 40
# Gambar 2.15
simpan = c(10, 20, 40, 15, 40)
simpan[4]
## [1] 15
# Gambar 2.17
simpan = c(10, 20, 40, 15, 40)
simpan
## [1] 10 20 40 15 40
simpan[c(1,3,4)]
## [1] 10 40 15
simpan[2:4]
## [1] 20 40 15

Mengubah Nilai Data dalam Variabel

# Gambar 2.19
simpan = c(10, 20, 40, 15, 40)
simpan
## [1] 10 20 40 15 40
simpan[3] = 100
simpan[4] = 10000
simpan
## [1]    10    20   100 10000    40

Menghapus Nilai Data dalam Variabel

# Gambar 2.21
NILAI = c(10, 40, 45, 30, 80)
NILAI
## [1] 10 40 45 30 80
NILAI = NILAI[-3]
NILAI
## [1] 10 40 30 80
NILAI = NILAI[-4]
NILAI
## [1] 10 40 30
NILAI = NILAI[c(-1,-3)]
NILAI
## [1] 40

Penggunaan Operator > (Lebih Besar Dari)

# Gambar 2.23
NILAI = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
NILAI
##  [1] 100  95  70  80  25  60  80  60  55  90
NILAI[NILAI > 80]
## [1] 100  95  90

Penggunaan Operator < (Lebih Kecil Dari)

# Gambar 2.25
NILAI = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
NILAI
##  [1] 100  95  70  80  25  60  80  60  55  90
NILAI[NILAI < 70]
## [1] 25 60 60 55

Penggunaan Operator & (Dan)

# Gambar 2.27
NILAI = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
NILAI
##  [1] 100  95  70  80  25  60  80  60  55  90
NILAI[NILAI > 60 & NILAI < 80]
## [1] 70

Penggunaan Operator | (Atau)

# Gambar 2.29
NILAI = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
NILAI
##  [1] 100  95  70  80  25  60  80  60  55  90
NILAI[NILAI > 80 | NILAI < 30]
## [1] 100  95  25  90

Lebih Lanjut Penggunaan Operator < (Lebih Kecil Dari)

# Gambar 2.31
NILAI = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
NILAI = NILAI[NILAI < 75]
NILAI
## [1] 70 25 60 60 55

Lebih Lanjut Penggunaan Operator > (Lebih Besar Dari)

# Gambar 2.33
NILAI = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
NILAI = NILAI[NILAI > 90]
NILAI
## [1] 100  95

Contoh Sederhana Penggunaan dari Bahasa Pemrograman R

# Gambar 2.35
fungsi = function(x) {
  for(i in 1:length(x)) {
    if(x[i] < 65) {
      x[i] = x[i] + 10;
    }
    print(x[i])
  }
}
A = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
fungsi(A)
## [1] 100
## [1] 95
## [1] 70
## [1] 80
## [1] 35
## [1] 70
## [1] 80
## [1] 70
## [1] 65
## [1] 90

Jenis Data R

# Gambar 2.37
mode(1000)
## [1] "numeric"
simpan = c(1000)
mode(simpan)
## [1] "numeric"
# Gambar 2.39
mode("HALO")
## [1] "character"
simpan = c("HALO")
mode(simpan)
## [1] "character"
# Gambar 2.41
d = c(F)
d
## [1] FALSE
a = c(T)
mode(d)
## [1] "logical"
mode(a)
## [1] "logical"
# Gambar 2.43
kuadrat = function(x) {
  print(x*x);
}
A = c(4)
kuadrat(A)
## [1] 16
mode(kuadrat)
## [1] "function"

Operator Penjumlahan, Pengurangan, Perkalian, Pembagian, Pangkat, Sisa

# Gambar 2.45
A = c(1, 2, 3)
B = c(4, 5, 6)
C = A + B
C
## [1] 5 7 9
A = c(1, 2, 3)
B = 2 + A
B
## [1] 3 4 5
A = c(2, 4, 6)
B = c(1, 3, 5)
B - A
## [1] -1 -1 -1
A = c(4, 8, 12)
A^0.5
## [1] 2.000000 2.828427 3.464102
A = c(4, 8, 12)
B = c(2, 2, 2)
A / B
## [1] 2 4 6
A = c(3, 6, 1)
B = c(2, 2, 0)
A / B
## [1] 1.5 3.0 Inf
A = c(5, 2, 7)
B = c(3, 2, 6)
C = A %% B
C
## [1] 2 0 1

Fungsi length

# Gambar 2.47
A = c(100, 70, 80, 55, 80, 70, 80)
length(A)
## [1] 7

Fungsi sort

# Gambar 2.49
A = c(70, 80, 50, 25, 100, 60)
sort(A)
## [1]  25  50  60  70  80 100

Fungsi diff

# Gambar 2.51
A = c(100, 50, 70, 80, 60)
diff(A)
## [1] -50  20  10 -20

Fungsi sum

# Gambar 2.53
A = c(50, 60, 70, 80)
sum(A)
## [1] 260

Fungsi sqrt

# Gambar 2.55
a = sqrt(81)
a
## [1] 9
b = sqrt(a)
b
## [1] 3

Fungsi max dan min

# Gambar 2.57
A = c(10, 25, 90, 75, 95, 57)
max(A)
## [1] 95
min(A)
## [1] 10

Fungsi exp

# Gambar 2.59
exp(1)
## [1] 2.718282
exp(2)
## [1] 7.389056

Fungsi pi

# Gambar 2.61
pi
## [1] 3.141593

Fungsi options

# Gambar 2.63
options(digits=3)
pi
## [1] 3.14
options(digits=10)
pi
## [1] 3.141592654

Fungsi seq

# Gambar 2.65
seq(from=1, to=10)
##  [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10
seq(from=2, by=0.5, length.out=4)
## [1] 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
# Gambar 2.67
panggil = function(x,y,z) {
  a = x;
  print(a);
  for(i in x:z) {
    a = a + y;
    if(a > z) {
      break;
    }
    print(a);
  }
}
panggil(2, 3, 30)
## [1] 2
## [1] 5
## [1] 8
## [1] 11
## [1] 14
## [1] 17
## [1] 20
## [1] 23
## [1] 26
## [1] 29
# Gambar 2.69
seq(2, 30, 3)
##  [1]  2  5  8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29

Fungsi table

# Gambar 2.71
A = c(10, 10, 30, 10, 30, 10, 10, 40, 40, 70, 90, 70, 80, 60, 60, 90)
table(A)
## A
## 10 30 40 60 70 80 90 
##  5  2  2  2  2  1  2
table(A) / length(A)
## A
##     10     30     40     60     70     80     90 
## 0.3125 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.0625 0.1250
hasil = c("ya", "tidak", "ya", "ya", "ya", "ya", "tidak", "ya", "tidak", "ya")
table(hasil)
## hasil
## tidak    ya 
##     3     7
table(hasil) / length(hasil)
## hasil
## tidak    ya 
##   0.3   0.7

Fungsi factor

# Gambar 2.73
A = c("ikan", "ikan", "udang", "ikan", "udang", "ikan", "ikan", "udang")
factor(A)
## [1] ikan  ikan  udang ikan  udang ikan  ikan  udang
## Levels: ikan udang
A = c("sarjana", "diploma", "sarjana", "pengangguran", "sarjana", "diploma", "diploma", "pengangguran")
factor(A)
## [1] sarjana      diploma      sarjana      pengangguran sarjana     
## [6] diploma      diploma      pengangguran
## Levels: diploma pengangguran sarjana

Fungsi barplot

# Gambar 2.76 - 2.78
A = c(10, 10, 10, 10, 20, 20, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30)
barplot(table(A))

barplot(table(A) / length(A))

Fungsi plot

# Gambar 2.79 - 2.82
A = c(10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 20, 20, 20, 30, 30, 40)
table(A)
## A
## 10 20 30 40 
##  5  3  2  1
nilai = c(10, 20, 30, 40)
frekuensi = c(5, 3, 2, 1)
plot(nilai, frekuensi)

plot(table(A))

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