# paquetes
library(lsm)     
library(dplyr)
## 
## Adjuntando el paquete: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(moments)  
library(e1071)
## 
## Adjuntando el paquete: 'e1071'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:moments':
## 
##     kurtosis, moment, skewness
library(ggplot2)
## 
## Adjuntando el paquete: 'ggplot2'
## The following object is masked from 'package:e1071':
## 
##     element

interpretacion= En este chunk se muestra como se cargan las librerias que usaremos en las bases de datos. # base de datos

datosCompleto <- lsm::survey

interpretacion= Se carga la base de datos con la que vamos a trabajar y a la cual le asignamos el nombre de datos completos.

#head

head(datosCompleto)        #A) Por defecto, solo las primeras 6 observaciones 
## # A tibble: 6 × 66
##   Observation ID       Gender Like    Age Smoke Height Weight   BMI School SES  
##         <dbl> <chr>    <chr>  <chr> <dbl> <chr>  <dbl>  <dbl> <dbl> <chr>  <chr>
## 1           1 SB11201… Female TV     21.4 No      1.58     75  30.0 Priva… Medi…
## 2           2 SB11201… Male   Netw…  21.1 Yes     1.6      80  31.2 Public High 
## 3           3 SB11201… Male   Netw…  20.9 Yes     1.5      64  28.4 Priva… High 
## 4           4 SB11201… Male   TV     18.4 Yes     1.53     49  20.9 Public Low  
## 5           5 SB11201… Female TV     16.6 Yes     1.78     82  25.9 Priva… High 
## 6           6 SB11201… Female Netw…  16.0 No      1.65     80  29.4 Public Low  
## # ℹ 55 more variables: Enrollment <chr>, Score <dbl>, MotherHeight <chr>,
## #   MotherAge <dbl>, MotherCHD <dbl>, FatherHeight <chr>, FatherAge <dbl>,
## #   FatherCHD <dbl>, Status <chr>, SemAcum <dbl>, Exam1 <dbl>, Exam2 <dbl>,
## #   Exam3 <dbl>, Exam4 <dbl>, ExamAcum <dbl>, Definitive <dbl>, Expense <dbl>,
## #   Income <dbl>, Gas <dbl>, Course <chr>, Law <chr>, Economic <chr>,
## #   Race <chr>, Region <chr>, EMO1 <dbl>, EMO2 <dbl>, EMO3 <dbl>, EMO4 <dbl>,
## #   EMO5 <dbl>, GOAL1 <chr>, GOAL2 <chr>, GOAL3 <chr>, Pre_STAT1 <dbl>, …
head(datosCompleto, 3)     #B) Solo las primeras 3 observaciones 
## # A tibble: 3 × 66
##   Observation ID       Gender Like    Age Smoke Height Weight   BMI School SES  
##         <dbl> <chr>    <chr>  <chr> <dbl> <chr>  <dbl>  <dbl> <dbl> <chr>  <chr>
## 1           1 SB11201… Female TV     21.4 No      1.58     75  30.0 Priva… Medi…
## 2           2 SB11201… Male   Netw…  21.1 Yes     1.6      80  31.2 Public High 
## 3           3 SB11201… Male   Netw…  20.9 Yes     1.5      64  28.4 Priva… High 
## # ℹ 55 more variables: Enrollment <chr>, Score <dbl>, MotherHeight <chr>,
## #   MotherAge <dbl>, MotherCHD <dbl>, FatherHeight <chr>, FatherAge <dbl>,
## #   FatherCHD <dbl>, Status <chr>, SemAcum <dbl>, Exam1 <dbl>, Exam2 <dbl>,
## #   Exam3 <dbl>, Exam4 <dbl>, ExamAcum <dbl>, Definitive <dbl>, Expense <dbl>,
## #   Income <dbl>, Gas <dbl>, Course <chr>, Law <chr>, Economic <chr>,
## #   Race <chr>, Region <chr>, EMO1 <dbl>, EMO2 <dbl>, EMO3 <dbl>, EMO4 <dbl>,
## #   EMO5 <dbl>, GOAL1 <chr>, GOAL2 <chr>, GOAL3 <chr>, Pre_STAT1 <dbl>, …

interpretacion= Este resultado permite observar las primeras observaciones de la base de datos. Primero se muestran las primeras 6 filas y después solamente las primeras 3. Esto sirve para tener una primera idea de como estan organizados los datos y qué información contiene cada variable.

#tails

tail(datosCompleto)        #C) Por defecto, solo las últimas 6 observaciones 
## # A tibble: 6 × 66
##   Observation ID       Gender Like    Age Smoke Height Weight   BMI School SES  
##         <dbl> <chr>    <chr>  <chr> <dbl> <chr>  <dbl>  <dbl> <dbl> <chr>  <chr>
## 1         795 AC31201… Female <NA>   NA   <NA>    1.64     NA  NA   <NA>   Low  
## 2         796 AC31201… Female TV     13.5 <NA>    1.71     78  26.7 Public <NA> 
## 3         797 AC31201… <NA>   Netw…  15.8 No      1.68     53  18.8 Priva… Medi…
## 4         798 AC31201… Male   <NA>   15.7 No     NA        83  NA   <NA>   Low  
## 5         799 AC31201… Female TV     NA   No      1.76     73  23.6 Priva… Low  
## 6         800 AC31201… Male   TV     16.6 No      1.62     70  26.7 Priva… <NA> 
## # ℹ 55 more variables: Enrollment <chr>, Score <dbl>, MotherHeight <chr>,
## #   MotherAge <dbl>, MotherCHD <dbl>, FatherHeight <chr>, FatherAge <dbl>,
## #   FatherCHD <dbl>, Status <chr>, SemAcum <dbl>, Exam1 <dbl>, Exam2 <dbl>,
## #   Exam3 <dbl>, Exam4 <dbl>, ExamAcum <dbl>, Definitive <dbl>, Expense <dbl>,
## #   Income <dbl>, Gas <dbl>, Course <chr>, Law <chr>, Economic <chr>,
## #   Race <chr>, Region <chr>, EMO1 <dbl>, EMO2 <dbl>, EMO3 <dbl>, EMO4 <dbl>,
## #   EMO5 <dbl>, GOAL1 <chr>, GOAL2 <chr>, GOAL3 <chr>, Pre_STAT1 <dbl>, …
tail(datosCompleto, 2)     #D) Solo las últimas 2 observaciones
## # A tibble: 2 × 66
##   Observation ID       Gender Like    Age Smoke Height Weight   BMI School SES  
##         <dbl> <chr>    <chr>  <chr> <dbl> <chr>  <dbl>  <dbl> <dbl> <chr>  <chr>
## 1         799 AC31201… Female TV     NA   No      1.76     73  23.6 Priva… Low  
## 2         800 AC31201… Male   TV     16.6 No      1.62     70  26.7 Priva… <NA> 
## # ℹ 55 more variables: Enrollment <chr>, Score <dbl>, MotherHeight <chr>,
## #   MotherAge <dbl>, MotherCHD <dbl>, FatherHeight <chr>, FatherAge <dbl>,
## #   FatherCHD <dbl>, Status <chr>, SemAcum <dbl>, Exam1 <dbl>, Exam2 <dbl>,
## #   Exam3 <dbl>, Exam4 <dbl>, ExamAcum <dbl>, Definitive <dbl>, Expense <dbl>,
## #   Income <dbl>, Gas <dbl>, Course <chr>, Law <chr>, Economic <chr>,
## #   Race <chr>, Region <chr>, EMO1 <dbl>, EMO2 <dbl>, EMO3 <dbl>, EMO4 <dbl>,
## #   EMO5 <dbl>, GOAL1 <chr>, GOAL2 <chr>, GOAL3 <chr>, Pre_STAT1 <dbl>, …

interpretacion= Aqui se observan las ultimas observaciones de la base de datos. Primero aparecen las ultimas 6 filas y despues las ultimas 2. Esto permite comprobar como terminan los datos y verificar que la base este completa.

revisar base de datos

str(datosCompleto) 
## tibble [800 × 66] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
##  $ Observation : num [1:800] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
##  $ ID          : chr [1:800] "SB11201910010435" "SB11201910004475" "SB11201910011427" "SB11201910041975" ...
##  $ Gender      : chr [1:800] "Female" "Male" "Male" "Male" ...
##  $ Like        : chr [1:800] "TV" "Network" "Network" "TV" ...
##  $ Age         : num [1:800] 21.4 21.1 20.9 18.4 16.6 ...
##  $ Smoke       : chr [1:800] "No" "Yes" "Yes" "Yes" ...
##  $ Height      : num [1:800] 1.58 1.6 1.5 1.53 1.78 1.65 1.73 1.53 1.64 1.52 ...
##  $ Weight      : num [1:800] 75 80 64 49 82 80 90 55 50 78 ...
##  $ BMI         : num [1:800] 30 31.2 28.4 20.9 25.9 ...
##  $ School      : chr [1:800] "Private" "Public" "Private" "Public" ...
##  $ SES         : chr [1:800] "Medium" "High" "High" "Low" ...
##  $ Enrollment  : chr [1:800] "Credit" "Scholarship" "Scholarship" "Credit" ...
##  $ Score       : num [1:800] 81 78 77 70 68 65 54 50 36 35 ...
##  $ MotherHeight: chr [1:800] "Short_M" "Normal_M" "Normal_M" "Tall_M" ...
##  $ MotherAge   : num [1:800] 41 45 45 45 46 46 47 48 48 48 ...
##  $ MotherCHD   : num [1:800] 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 ...
##  $ FatherHeight: chr [1:800] "Normal_F" "Short_F" "Tall_F" "Short_F" ...
##  $ FatherAge   : num [1:800] 40 43 44 45 45 46 46 48 48 49 ...
##  $ FatherCHD   : num [1:800] 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ Status      : chr [1:800] "Distinguished" "Distinguished" "Distinguished" "Regular" ...
##  $ SemAcum     : num [1:800] 4.25 2.8 4.15 3.2 3.45 2.75 2.7 4.35 4.3 2.8 ...
##  $ Exam1       : num [1:800] 1.5 2.3 3.4 2.5 3.1 3.8 5 4 2.5 2.4 ...
##  $ Exam2       : num [1:800] 5 4.9 3.6 4.2 3.5 4.4 3 2.3 3.3 2.6 ...
##  $ Exam3       : num [1:800] 5 3.7 2 5 5 4.2 3.5 4.6 3.8 4.3 ...
##  $ Exam4       : num [1:800] 4.5 3.3 1.9 2.5 3 5 3.6 4.3 1.9 5 ...
##  $ ExamAcum    : num [1:800] 16 14.2 10.9 14.2 14.6 17.4 15.1 15.2 11.5 14.3 ...
##  $ Definitive  : num [1:800] 4 3.55 2.73 3.55 3.65 ...
##  $ Expense     : num [1:800] 48.9 72.1 85.2 56.6 64.6 63 40.8 65.4 37.3 63 ...
##  $ Income      : num [1:800] 1.61 2.07 2.84 1.55 2.32 2.1 1.69 2.18 1.71 2.1 ...
##  $ Gas         : num [1:800] 27.4 24.2 22.3 23.1 27.3 ...
##  $ Course      : chr [1:800] "Face-to-Face" "Virtual" "Face-to-Face" "Virtual" ...
##  $ Law         : chr [1:800] "Agree" "Agree" "Agree" "Agree" ...
##  $ Economic    : chr [1:800] "Regular" "Good" "Regular" "Bad" ...
##  $ Race        : chr [1:800] "Ethnic" "Ethnic" "Ethnic" "Ethnic" ...
##  $ Region      : chr [1:800] "North" "Center" "North" "Center" ...
##  $ EMO1        : num [1:800] 1 4 3 4 2 3 2 3 4 2 ...
##  $ EMO2        : num [1:800] 2 4 1 2 1 1 4 1 2 2 ...
##  $ EMO3        : num [1:800] 2 1 3 3 2 4 2 4 3 3 ...
##  $ EMO4        : num [1:800] 1 2 3 1 4 2 3 2 1 1 ...
##  $ EMO5        : num [1:800] 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 ...
##  $ GOAL1       : chr [1:800] "Strongly agree" "Undecided" "Agree" "Agree" ...
##  $ GOAL2       : chr [1:800] "Agree" "Disagree" "Disagree" "Undecided" ...
##  $ GOAL3       : chr [1:800] "Strongly agree" "Disagree" "Agree" "Strongly agree" ...
##  $ Pre_STAT1   : num [1:800] 2 1 5 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 ...
##  $ Pre_STAT2   : num [1:800] 4 1 1 3 4 1 2 3 3 5 ...
##  $ Pre_STAT3   : num [1:800] 2 1 3 1 1 5 4 3 3 2 ...
##  $ Pre_STAT4   : num [1:800] 5 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 4 ...
##  $ Post_STAT1  : num [1:800] 4 5 5 3 5 2 3 3 2 5 ...
##  $ Post_STAT2  : num [1:800] 5 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 ...
##  $ Post_STAT3  : num [1:800] 2 3 3 4 3 5 5 4 5 4 ...
##  $ Post_STAT4  : num [1:800] 2 3 3 5 4 4 3 5 5 1 ...
##  $ Pre_IDARE1  : chr [1:800] "Quite a bit" "Quite a bit" "Quite a bit" "Little" ...
##  $ Pre_IDARE2  : chr [1:800] "Little" "Little" "Little" "Nothing" ...
##  $ Pre_IDARE3  : chr [1:800] "Quite a bit" "A lot" "Quite a bit" "Quite a bit" ...
##  $ Pre_IDARE4  : chr [1:800] "Quite a bit" "Nothing" "Quite a bit" "Quite a bit" ...
##  $ Pre_IDARE5  : chr [1:800] "Little" "Quite a bit" "Little" "Nothing" ...
##  $ Post_IDARE1 : chr [1:800] "A lot" "A little" "Nothing" "Quite a bit" ...
##  $ Post_IDARE2 : chr [1:800] "A lot" "Nothing" "Quite a bit" "A little" ...
##  $ Post_IDARE3 : chr [1:800] "A little" "Quite a bit" "Nothing" "A lot" ...
##  $ Post_IDARE4 : chr [1:800] "Quite a bit" "A lot" "Nothing" "Quite a bit" ...
##  $ Post_IDARE5 : chr [1:800] "A lot" "Quite a bit" "Nothing" "A lot" ...
##  $ PSICO1      : chr [1:800] "Frequently" "Frequently" "Sometimes" "Almost always" ...
##  $ PSICO2      : chr [1:800] "Almost always" "Sometimes" "Sometimes" "Frequently" ...
##  $ PSICO3      : chr [1:800] "Frequently" "Sometimes" "Sometimes" "Frequently" ...
##  $ PSICO4      : chr [1:800] "Almost always" "Frequently" "Frequently" "Almost never" ...
##  $ PSICO5      : chr [1:800] "Almost always" "Frequently" "Sometimes" "Sometimes" ...

interpretacion= En este chunk se conoce la estructura de la base de datos. Se puede ver cuantas observaciones y variables tiene. #nombres variables

names(datosCompleto)
##  [1] "Observation"  "ID"           "Gender"       "Like"         "Age"         
##  [6] "Smoke"        "Height"       "Weight"       "BMI"          "School"      
## [11] "SES"          "Enrollment"   "Score"        "MotherHeight" "MotherAge"   
## [16] "MotherCHD"    "FatherHeight" "FatherAge"    "FatherCHD"    "Status"      
## [21] "SemAcum"      "Exam1"        "Exam2"        "Exam3"        "Exam4"       
## [26] "ExamAcum"     "Definitive"   "Expense"      "Income"       "Gas"         
## [31] "Course"       "Law"          "Economic"     "Race"         "Region"      
## [36] "EMO1"         "EMO2"         "EMO3"         "EMO4"         "EMO5"        
## [41] "GOAL1"        "GOAL2"        "GOAL3"        "Pre_STAT1"    "Pre_STAT2"   
## [46] "Pre_STAT3"    "Pre_STAT4"    "Post_STAT1"   "Post_STAT2"   "Post_STAT3"  
## [51] "Post_STAT4"   "Pre_IDARE1"   "Pre_IDARE2"   "Pre_IDARE3"   "Pre_IDARE4"  
## [56] "Pre_IDARE5"   "Post_IDARE1"  "Post_IDARE2"  "Post_IDARE3"  "Post_IDARE4" 
## [61] "Post_IDARE5"  "PSICO1"       "PSICO2"       "PSICO3"       "PSICO4"      
## [66] "PSICO5"

interpretacion= Se muestra el nombre de todas las variables que estan en la base de datos

#explorar tamaño

length(datosCompleto)   
## [1] 66
dim(datosCompleto)      
## [1] 800  66
ncol(datosCompleto)    
## [1] 66
nrow(datosCompleto)     
## [1] 800

Interpretacion= Estas funciones permiten conocer el tamaño de la base de datos. muestra las filas y columnas, indica el numero de variables e indica el numero de observaciones, muestra la cantidad de elementos. #muestral

Muestra1 <- datosCompleto[1:10,2:7]       # A) Un nuevo data frame 
Muestra1
## # A tibble: 10 × 6
##    ID               Gender Like      Age Smoke Height
##    <chr>            <chr>  <chr>   <dbl> <chr>  <dbl>
##  1 SB11201910010435 Female TV       21.4 No      1.58
##  2 SB11201910004475 Male   Network  21.1 Yes     1.6 
##  3 SB11201910011427 Male   Network  20.9 Yes     1.5 
##  4 SB11201910041975 Male   TV       18.4 Yes     1.53
##  5 SB11201910013623 Female TV       16.6 Yes     1.78
##  6 SB11201910038122 Female Network  16.0 No      1.65
##  7 SB11201910037905 Female TV       19.3 Yes     1.73
##  8 SB11201910038140 Female TV       18.6 Yes     1.53
##  9 SB11201910038005 Female TV       17.0 Yes     1.64
## 10 SB11201910037919 Male   TV       19.7 Yes     1.52

Interpretacion= Se crea una base llamada muestra, seleccionando las primeras 10 filas y las columnas 2 a 7 de la base original. Se trabaja solo con una pequeña parte de la muestra.

Muestra <- datosCompleto[1:100,]

#A) Definiendo y convirtiendo en factor
Sexo <- as.factor(Muestra$Gender)  

#B) Calcular tabla de frecuencias
Tabla1 <- table(Sexo)
Tabla1                
## Sexo
## Female   Male 
##     49     51
# Porcentaje de mujeres 
(49/100)*100
## [1] 49
Fuma <- as.factor(Muestra$Smoke) 
# Tabla de frecuencias 
Tabla2 <- table(Fuma)
Tabla2           
## Fuma
##  No Yes 
##  45  55
ggplot(Muestra, aes(x = Sexo)) +                            #1
  #geom_bar(position="dodge", colour+"black") +                                             #2
  geom_bar(width=0.5, colour="yellow", fill="pink") +       #2 
  
  labs(x="Sexo",y= "Frecuencia")  +              #3               
  ylim(c(0,60)) +                               #4
  #xlim(c(0,300)) +                              #4
  ggtitle("Diagrama de barras")  +               #5
  
  # theme_bw() +                                 #6
  theme_bw(base_size = 12) +                     #6
  #coord_flip() +                                #7
  
  #guides(fill+false)
  geom_text(aes(label=..count..), stat='count',  #8
            position=position_dodge(0.9), 
            vjust=-0.5, 
            size=5.0
            ) + 
  facet_wrap(~"Variable Sexo")                   #9
## Warning: The dot-dot notation (`..count..`) was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `after_stat(count)` instead.
## This warning is displayed once per session.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.

Interpretacion= Nos permite ver cuantas personas de cada sexo hay

  ggplot(Muestra, aes(x = Fuma, fill = Sexo)) +
  geom_bar(position = "dodge", colour = "lightgreen") +
  
  labs(x = "Fuma", y = "Frecuencias", fill = "Sexo") +
  ylim(c(0,30)) +
  
  # xlim(c(0,300)) +
  
  ggtitle("Diagrama de barras") +
  
  # theme_bw() +
  theme_bw(base_size = 12) +
  
  # coord_flip() +
  
  # guides(fill = FALSE) +
  
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("yellow", "orchid")) +
  
  geom_text(aes(label = ..count..),
            stat = "count",
            position = position_dodge(0.9),
            size = 5) +
  
  facet_wrap(~"Sexo por fumadores y no fumadores")

Interpretacion= El grafico muestra la cantidad de personas que fuman y no fuman, diferenciando entre hombres y mujeres

El Porcentaje.. # Estructura de la Muestra

Muestra2 <- datosCompleto[1:100,]

str(Muestra2)
## tibble [100 × 66] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
##  $ Observation : num [1:100] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
##  $ ID          : chr [1:100] "SB11201910010435" "SB11201910004475" "SB11201910011427" "SB11201910041975" ...
##  $ Gender      : chr [1:100] "Female" "Male" "Male" "Male" ...
##  $ Like        : chr [1:100] "TV" "Network" "Network" "TV" ...
##  $ Age         : num [1:100] 21.4 21.1 20.9 18.4 16.6 ...
##  $ Smoke       : chr [1:100] "No" "Yes" "Yes" "Yes" ...
##  $ Height      : num [1:100] 1.58 1.6 1.5 1.53 1.78 1.65 1.73 1.53 1.64 1.52 ...
##  $ Weight      : num [1:100] 75 80 64 49 82 80 90 55 50 78 ...
##  $ BMI         : num [1:100] 30 31.2 28.4 20.9 25.9 ...
##  $ School      : chr [1:100] "Private" "Public" "Private" "Public" ...
##  $ SES         : chr [1:100] "Medium" "High" "High" "Low" ...
##  $ Enrollment  : chr [1:100] "Credit" "Scholarship" "Scholarship" "Credit" ...
##  $ Score       : num [1:100] 81 78 77 70 68 65 54 50 36 35 ...
##  $ MotherHeight: chr [1:100] "Short_M" "Normal_M" "Normal_M" "Tall_M" ...
##  $ MotherAge   : num [1:100] 41 45 45 45 46 46 47 48 48 48 ...
##  $ MotherCHD   : num [1:100] 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 ...
##  $ FatherHeight: chr [1:100] "Normal_F" "Short_F" "Tall_F" "Short_F" ...
##  $ FatherAge   : num [1:100] 40 43 44 45 45 46 46 48 48 49 ...
##  $ FatherCHD   : num [1:100] 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ Status      : chr [1:100] "Distinguished" "Distinguished" "Distinguished" "Regular" ...
##  $ SemAcum     : num [1:100] 4.25 2.8 4.15 3.2 3.45 2.75 2.7 4.35 4.3 2.8 ...
##  $ Exam1       : num [1:100] 1.5 2.3 3.4 2.5 3.1 3.8 5 4 2.5 2.4 ...
##  $ Exam2       : num [1:100] 5 4.9 3.6 4.2 3.5 4.4 3 2.3 3.3 2.6 ...
##  $ Exam3       : num [1:100] 5 3.7 2 5 5 4.2 3.5 4.6 3.8 4.3 ...
##  $ Exam4       : num [1:100] 4.5 3.3 1.9 2.5 3 5 3.6 4.3 1.9 5 ...
##  $ ExamAcum    : num [1:100] 16 14.2 10.9 14.2 14.6 17.4 15.1 15.2 11.5 14.3 ...
##  $ Definitive  : num [1:100] 4 3.55 2.73 3.55 3.65 ...
##  $ Expense     : num [1:100] 48.9 72.1 85.2 56.6 64.6 63 40.8 65.4 37.3 63 ...
##  $ Income      : num [1:100] 1.61 2.07 2.84 1.55 2.32 2.1 1.69 2.18 1.71 2.1 ...
##  $ Gas         : num [1:100] 27.4 24.2 22.3 23.1 27.3 ...
##  $ Course      : chr [1:100] "Face-to-Face" "Virtual" "Face-to-Face" "Virtual" ...
##  $ Law         : chr [1:100] "Agree" "Agree" "Agree" "Agree" ...
##  $ Economic    : chr [1:100] "Regular" "Good" "Regular" "Bad" ...
##  $ Race        : chr [1:100] "Ethnic" "Ethnic" "Ethnic" "Ethnic" ...
##  $ Region      : chr [1:100] "North" "Center" "North" "Center" ...
##  $ EMO1        : num [1:100] 1 4 3 4 2 3 2 3 4 2 ...
##  $ EMO2        : num [1:100] 2 4 1 2 1 1 4 1 2 2 ...
##  $ EMO3        : num [1:100] 2 1 3 3 2 4 2 4 3 3 ...
##  $ EMO4        : num [1:100] 1 2 3 1 4 2 3 2 1 1 ...
##  $ EMO5        : num [1:100] 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 ...
##  $ GOAL1       : chr [1:100] "Strongly agree" "Undecided" "Agree" "Agree" ...
##  $ GOAL2       : chr [1:100] "Agree" "Disagree" "Disagree" "Undecided" ...
##  $ GOAL3       : chr [1:100] "Strongly agree" "Disagree" "Agree" "Strongly agree" ...
##  $ Pre_STAT1   : num [1:100] 2 1 5 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 ...
##  $ Pre_STAT2   : num [1:100] 4 1 1 3 4 1 2 3 3 5 ...
##  $ Pre_STAT3   : num [1:100] 2 1 3 1 1 5 4 3 3 2 ...
##  $ Pre_STAT4   : num [1:100] 5 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 4 ...
##  $ Post_STAT1  : num [1:100] 4 5 5 3 5 2 3 3 2 5 ...
##  $ Post_STAT2  : num [1:100] 5 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 ...
##  $ Post_STAT3  : num [1:100] 2 3 3 4 3 5 5 4 5 4 ...
##  $ Post_STAT4  : num [1:100] 2 3 3 5 4 4 3 5 5 1 ...
##  $ Pre_IDARE1  : chr [1:100] "Quite a bit" "Quite a bit" "Quite a bit" "Little" ...
##  $ Pre_IDARE2  : chr [1:100] "Little" "Little" "Little" "Nothing" ...
##  $ Pre_IDARE3  : chr [1:100] "Quite a bit" "A lot" "Quite a bit" "Quite a bit" ...
##  $ Pre_IDARE4  : chr [1:100] "Quite a bit" "Nothing" "Quite a bit" "Quite a bit" ...
##  $ Pre_IDARE5  : chr [1:100] "Little" "Quite a bit" "Little" "Nothing" ...
##  $ Post_IDARE1 : chr [1:100] "A lot" "A little" "Nothing" "Quite a bit" ...
##  $ Post_IDARE2 : chr [1:100] "A lot" "Nothing" "Quite a bit" "A little" ...
##  $ Post_IDARE3 : chr [1:100] "A little" "Quite a bit" "Nothing" "A lot" ...
##  $ Post_IDARE4 : chr [1:100] "Quite a bit" "A lot" "Nothing" "Quite a bit" ...
##  $ Post_IDARE5 : chr [1:100] "A lot" "Quite a bit" "Nothing" "A lot" ...
##  $ PSICO1      : chr [1:100] "Frequently" "Frequently" "Sometimes" "Almost always" ...
##  $ PSICO2      : chr [1:100] "Almost always" "Sometimes" "Sometimes" "Frequently" ...
##  $ PSICO3      : chr [1:100] "Frequently" "Sometimes" "Sometimes" "Frequently" ...
##  $ PSICO4      : chr [1:100] "Almost always" "Frequently" "Frequently" "Almost never" ...
##  $ PSICO5      : chr [1:100] "Almost always" "Frequently" "Sometimes" "Sometimes" ...
x <- as.numeric(Muestra2$Exam3)

Interpretacion= El codigo toma las primeras 100 filas de la base datosCompleto, convierte la variable Exam3 en números y muestra esos valores.

min(x)          #B) Mínimo
## [1] 1
max(x)          #C) Máximo
## [1] 5
range(x)        #D) Obtenemos (min, max)
## [1] 1 5
length(x)       #E) Tamaño
## [1] 100
sum(x)          #F) Suma los valores de los datos
## [1] 317.6
mean(x)         #G) Media aritmética
## [1] 3.176
median(x)       #H) Mediana
## [1] 3.2
var(x)          #I) Varianza muestral
## [1] 0.8885091
sqrt(var(x))    #J) Desviación estándar muestral (una forma)
## [1] 0.9426076
sd(x)           #K) Desviación estándar muestral (otra forma)
## [1] 0.9426076
skewness(x)     #L) Sesgo
## [1] 0.01846742
quantile(x, probs=0.85)    # Percentil 85
## 85% 
## 4.2
quantile(x, probs=0.25)    #N) Primer cuartil o 25-ésimo percentil
## 25% 
## 2.4
quantile(x, probs=0.50)    #O) Segundo cuartil o 50-ésimo percentil o mediana
## 50% 
## 3.2
quantile(x, probs=0.75)    #P) Tercer cuartil o 75-ésimo percentil
## 75% 
## 3.8

Interpretacion= las notas de Exam3 van de 1 a 5, con un promedio de 3,176, una mediana de 3,2, una desviación estándar de 0,943 y un percentil 85 de 4,2