Análisis exploratorio de datos
Alexandra
2026-08-10
Análisis exploratorio de Red Wine Quality
En el presente análisis se describirá el comportamiento de cada atributo de la base de datos de red Wine quality, la cual puede ser descargada del siguiente link https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/uciml/red-wine-quality-cortez-et-al-2009?select=winequality-red.csv .
#Importación de la base de datos en la variable BD
BD <- read.csv("C:/Users/Desktop/Downloads/winequality-red.csv")
#Estructura de la base de datos
str(BD)## 'data.frame': 1599 obs. of 12 variables:
## $ fixed.acidity : num 7.4 7.8 7.8 11.2 7.4 7.4 7.9 7.3 7.8 7.5 ...
## $ volatile.acidity : num 0.7 0.88 0.76 0.28 0.7 0.66 0.6 0.65 0.58 0.5 ...
## $ citric.acid : num 0 0 0.04 0.56 0 0 0.06 0 0.02 0.36 ...
## $ residual.sugar : num 1.9 2.6 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.2 2 6.1 ...
## $ chlorides : num 0.076 0.098 0.092 0.075 0.076 0.075 0.069 0.065 0.073 0.071 ...
## $ free.sulfur.dioxide : num 11 25 15 17 11 13 15 15 9 17 ...
## $ total.sulfur.dioxide: num 34 67 54 60 34 40 59 21 18 102 ...
## $ density : num 0.998 0.997 0.997 0.998 0.998 ...
## $ pH : num 3.51 3.2 3.26 3.16 3.51 3.51 3.3 3.39 3.36 3.35 ...
## $ sulphates : num 0.56 0.68 0.65 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.46 0.47 0.57 0.8 ...
## $ alcohol : num 9.4 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.4 9.4 9.4 10 9.5 10.5 ...
## $ quality : int 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 7 7 5 ...#Análisis de cada uno de los atributos
summary(BD)## fixed.acidity volatile.acidity citric.acid residual.sugar
## Min. : 4.60 Min. :0.1200 Min. :0.000 Min. : 0.900
## 1st Qu.: 7.10 1st Qu.:0.3900 1st Qu.:0.090 1st Qu.: 1.900
## Median : 7.90 Median :0.5200 Median :0.260 Median : 2.200
## Mean : 8.32 Mean :0.5278 Mean :0.271 Mean : 2.539
## 3rd Qu.: 9.20 3rd Qu.:0.6400 3rd Qu.:0.420 3rd Qu.: 2.600
## Max. :15.90 Max. :1.5800 Max. :1.000 Max. :15.500
## chlorides free.sulfur.dioxide total.sulfur.dioxide density
## Min. :0.01200 Min. : 1.00 Min. : 6.00 Min. :0.9901
## 1st Qu.:0.07000 1st Qu.: 7.00 1st Qu.: 22.00 1st Qu.:0.9956
## Median :0.07900 Median :14.00 Median : 38.00 Median :0.9968
## Mean :0.08747 Mean :15.87 Mean : 46.47 Mean :0.9967
## 3rd Qu.:0.09000 3rd Qu.:21.00 3rd Qu.: 62.00 3rd Qu.:0.9978
## Max. :0.61100 Max. :72.00 Max. :289.00 Max. :1.0037
## pH sulphates alcohol quality
## Min. :2.740 Min. :0.3300 Min. : 8.40 Min. :3.000
## 1st Qu.:3.210 1st Qu.:0.5500 1st Qu.: 9.50 1st Qu.:5.000
## Median :3.310 Median :0.6200 Median :10.20 Median :6.000
## Mean :3.311 Mean :0.6581 Mean :10.42 Mean :5.636
## 3rd Qu.:3.400 3rd Qu.:0.7300 3rd Qu.:11.10 3rd Qu.:6.000
## Max. :4.010 Max. :2.0000 Max. :14.90 Max. :8.000#Identificación del número de variables para automatizar el análisis de cada atributo de la base de datos.
columnas <- dim(BD)[2]Análisis visual del comportamiento de cada atributo
Se utiliza for, el cual permite ejecutar automáticamente todas las columnas de la base de datos
#Análisis mediante histogramas para cada atributo
BDN<- NULL
columnas <- dim(BD)[2]
par(mfrow=c(2,columnas/2))
for(i in 1:columnas) {
if(is.numeric(BD[,i])==TRUE)
{texto=paste("Analisis del atributo ",colnames(BD)[i])
hist(BD[,i],
main=texto,
xlab = colnames(BD)[i],
col = i)
BDN <- c(BDN,i)
}
}
#Análisis mediante boxplots para cada atributo
par(mfrow=c(2,columnas/2))
for(i in 1:columnas) {
if(is.numeric(BD[,i])==TRUE)
{texta=paste("Analisis del atributo ",colnames(BD)[i])
boxplot(BD[,i],
main=texta,
xlab = colnames(BD)[i],
col = i)
BDN <- c(BDN,i)
}
} 
#Resumen estadístico y outliers de cada atributo.
for(i in 1:columnas) {
if(is.numeric(BD[,i])==TRUE)
{texte<-paste("analisis del atributo", colnames(BD)[i])
print(texte)
print(summary(BD[,i]))
print(paste('los outliers del atributo',colnames(BD)[i]))
print(boxplot.stats(BD[,i])$out)
}
}## [1] "analisis del atributo fixed.acidity"
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 4.60 7.10 7.90 8.32 9.20 15.90
## [1] "los outliers del atributo fixed.acidity"
## [1] 12.8 12.8 15.0 15.0 12.5 13.3 13.4 12.4 12.5 13.8 13.5 12.6 12.5 12.8 12.8
## [16] 14.0 13.7 13.7 12.7 12.5 12.8 12.6 15.6 12.5 13.0 12.5 13.3 12.4 12.5 12.9
## [31] 14.3 12.4 15.5 15.5 15.6 13.0 12.7 13.0 12.7 12.4 12.7 13.2 13.2 13.2 15.9
## [46] 13.3 12.9 12.6 12.6
## [1] "analisis del atributo volatile.acidity"
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.1200 0.3900 0.5200 0.5278 0.6400 1.5800
## [1] "los outliers del atributo volatile.acidity"
## [1] 1.130 1.020 1.070 1.330 1.330 1.040 1.090 1.040 1.240 1.185 1.020 1.035
## [13] 1.025 1.115 1.020 1.020 1.580 1.180 1.040
## [1] "analisis del atributo citric.acid"
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.000 0.090 0.260 0.271 0.420 1.000
## [1] "los outliers del atributo citric.acid"
## [1] 1
## [1] "analisis del atributo residual.sugar"
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.900 1.900 2.200 2.539 2.600 15.500
## [1] "los outliers del atributo residual.sugar"
## [1] 6.10 6.10 3.80 3.90 4.40 10.70 5.50 5.90 5.90 3.80 5.10 4.65
## [13] 4.65 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 7.30 7.20 3.80 5.60 4.00 4.00 4.00
## [25] 4.00 7.00 4.00 4.00 6.40 5.60 5.60 11.00 11.00 4.50 4.80 5.80
## [37] 5.80 3.80 4.40 6.20 4.20 7.90 7.90 3.70 4.50 6.70 6.60 3.70
## [49] 5.20 15.50 4.10 8.30 6.55 6.55 4.60 6.10 4.30 5.80 5.15 6.30
## [61] 4.20 4.20 4.60 4.20 4.60 4.30 4.30 7.90 4.60 5.10 5.60 5.60
## [73] 6.00 8.60 7.50 4.40 4.25 6.00 3.90 4.20 4.00 4.00 4.00 6.60
## [85] 6.00 6.00 3.80 9.00 4.60 8.80 8.80 5.00 3.80 4.10 5.90 4.10
## [97] 6.20 8.90 4.00 3.90 4.00 8.10 8.10 6.40 6.40 8.30 8.30 4.70
## [109] 5.50 5.50 4.30 5.50 3.70 6.20 5.60 7.80 4.60 5.80 4.10 12.90
## [121] 4.30 13.40 4.80 6.30 4.50 4.50 4.30 4.30 3.90 3.80 5.40 3.80
## [133] 6.10 3.90 5.10 5.10 3.90 15.40 15.40 4.80 5.20 5.20 3.75 13.80
## [145] 13.80 5.70 4.30 4.10 4.10 4.40 3.70 6.70 13.90 5.10 7.80
## [1] "analisis del atributo chlorides"
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.01200 0.07000 0.07900 0.08747 0.09000 0.61100
## [1] "los outliers del atributo chlorides"
## [1] 0.176 0.170 0.368 0.341 0.172 0.332 0.464 0.401 0.467 0.122 0.178 0.146
## [13] 0.236 0.610 0.360 0.270 0.039 0.337 0.263 0.611 0.358 0.343 0.186 0.213
## [25] 0.214 0.121 0.122 0.122 0.128 0.120 0.159 0.124 0.122 0.122 0.174 0.121
## [37] 0.127 0.413 0.152 0.152 0.125 0.122 0.200 0.171 0.226 0.226 0.250 0.148
## [49] 0.122 0.124 0.124 0.143 0.222 0.039 0.157 0.422 0.034 0.387 0.415 0.157
## [61] 0.157 0.243 0.241 0.190 0.132 0.126 0.038 0.165 0.145 0.147 0.012 0.012
## [73] 0.039 0.194 0.132 0.161 0.120 0.120 0.123 0.123 0.414 0.216 0.171 0.178
## [85] 0.369 0.166 0.166 0.136 0.132 0.132 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.403 0.137 0.414
## [97] 0.166 0.168 0.415 0.153 0.415 0.267 0.123 0.214 0.214 0.169 0.205 0.205
## [109] 0.039 0.235 0.230 0.038
## [1] "analisis del atributo free.sulfur.dioxide"
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1.00 7.00 14.00 15.87 21.00 72.00
## [1] "los outliers del atributo free.sulfur.dioxide"
## [1] 52 51 50 68 68 43 47 54 46 45 53 52 51 45 57 50 45 48 43 48 72 43 51 51 52
## [26] 55 55 48 48 66
## [1] "analisis del atributo total.sulfur.dioxide"
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 6.00 22.00 38.00 46.47 62.00 289.00
## [1] "los outliers del atributo total.sulfur.dioxide"
## [1] 145 148 136 125 140 136 133 153 134 141 129 128 129 128 143 144 127 126 145
## [20] 144 135 165 124 124 134 124 129 151 133 142 149 147 145 148 155 151 152 125
## [39] 127 139 143 144 130 278 289 135 160 141 141 133 147 147 131 131 131
## [1] "analisis del atributo density"
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.9901 0.9956 0.9968 0.9967 0.9978 1.0037
## [1] "los outliers del atributo density"
## [1] 0.99160 0.99160 1.00140 1.00150 1.00150 1.00180 0.99120 1.00220 1.00220
## [10] 1.00140 1.00140 1.00140 1.00140 1.00320 1.00260 1.00140 1.00315 1.00315
## [19] 1.00315 1.00210 1.00210 0.99170 0.99220 1.00260 0.99210 0.99154 0.99064
## [28] 0.99064 1.00289 0.99162 0.99007 0.99007 0.99020 0.99220 0.99150 0.99157
## [37] 0.99080 0.99084 0.99191 1.00369 1.00369 1.00242 0.99182 1.00242 0.99182
## [1] "analisis del atributo pH"
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 2.740 3.210 3.310 3.311 3.400 4.010
## [1] "los outliers del atributo pH"
## [1] 3.90 3.75 3.85 2.74 3.69 3.69 2.88 2.86 3.74 2.92 2.92 2.92 3.72 2.87 2.89
## [16] 2.89 2.92 3.90 3.71 3.69 3.69 3.71 3.71 2.89 2.89 3.78 3.70 3.78 4.01 2.90
## [31] 4.01 3.71 2.88 3.72 3.72
## [1] "analisis del atributo sulphates"
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.3300 0.5500 0.6200 0.6581 0.7300 2.0000
## [1] "los outliers del atributo sulphates"
## [1] 1.56 1.28 1.08 1.20 1.12 1.28 1.14 1.95 1.22 1.95 1.98 1.31 2.00 1.08 1.59
## [16] 1.02 1.03 1.61 1.09 1.26 1.08 1.00 1.36 1.18 1.13 1.04 1.11 1.13 1.07 1.06
## [31] 1.06 1.05 1.06 1.04 1.05 1.02 1.14 1.02 1.36 1.36 1.05 1.17 1.62 1.06 1.18
## [46] 1.07 1.34 1.16 1.10 1.15 1.17 1.17 1.33 1.18 1.17 1.03 1.17 1.10 1.01
## [1] "analisis del atributo alcohol"
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 8.40 9.50 10.20 10.42 11.10 14.90
## [1] "los outliers del atributo alcohol"
## [1] 14.00000 14.00000 14.00000 14.00000 14.90000 14.00000 13.60000 13.60000
## [9] 13.60000 14.00000 14.00000 13.56667 13.60000
## [1] "analisis del atributo quality"
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 3.000 5.000 6.000 5.636 6.000 8.000
## [1] "los outliers del atributo quality"
## [1] 8 8 8 8 8 3 8 8 8 3 8 3 8 3 3 8 8 8 8 8 3 3 8 8 3 3 3 8