library(tidyverse)
library(tidytext)
library(widyr)
library(igraph)
library(ggraph)
library(Matrix)

Part 1: Reading Reflection (5 Sentences)

Word co-occurrence analysis is useful in SEO and brand analytics because search engines and customers both infer meaning from which terms appear near each other, not from isolated keywords alone (Chiericato, 2015; Silge & Robinson, 2017). When brands such as specialty coffee companies repeatedly place words like “fresh,” “roasted,” and “espresso” near the brand name, those pairings help build topical relevance in the same way Google uses co-occurrence signals across the web. The tidytext workflow—tokenizeizing text, removing stop words, counting pairs with pairwise_count(), and visualizing the strongest links—makes those associations measurable instead of intuitive guesses. Network graphs then turn the co-occurrence matrix into a business story: hub words, clusters, and surprising edges become actionable clues about how people talk about a product or ticker. The main caution is sample size and preprocessing choices (custom stopwords, thresholds for n), because a sparse comment set can create fragile edges that look insightful but are not yet stable enough for confident decisions.

Part 2: Word Co-occurrence Analysis

This analysis follows the class tutorial (RPubs — Word Co-occurrence Demo) using investor comments about SpaceX / $SPCX from spacex_cooccurence.txt.

What is Word Co-occurrence Analysis?

Word co-occurrence analysis measures which words tend to appear together in the same unit of text (here, each comment/line). Frequent pairs can reveal how investors frame buying, waiting, valuation, and risk (Miller-style text analytics; Silge & Robinson, 2017).


Warm-Up: Fruit Example

fruit_sentences <- tibble(
  id = 1:5,
  text = c(
    "The apple was crisp, sweet, and red.",
    "Bananas are soft, sweet, and yellow.",
    "The lemon was sour, bright, and yellow.",
    "Strawberries are sweet, red, and juicy.",
    "The lime was sour, small, and green."
  )
)

fruit_sentences
## # A tibble: 5 × 2
##      id text                                   
##   <int> <chr>                                  
## 1     1 The apple was crisp, sweet, and red.   
## 2     2 Bananas are soft, sweet, and yellow.   
## 3     3 The lemon was sour, bright, and yellow.
## 4     4 Strawberries are sweet, red, and juicy.
## 5     5 The lime was sour, small, and green.
fruit_words <- fruit_sentences %>%
  unnest_tokens(word, text) %>%
  anti_join(stop_words, by = "word")

fruit_words
## # A tibble: 19 × 2
##       id word        
##    <int> <chr>       
##  1     1 apple       
##  2     1 crisp       
##  3     1 sweet       
##  4     1 red         
##  5     2 bananas     
##  6     2 soft        
##  7     2 sweet       
##  8     2 yellow      
##  9     3 lemon       
## 10     3 sour        
## 11     3 bright      
## 12     3 yellow      
## 13     4 strawberries
## 14     4 sweet       
## 15     4 red         
## 16     4 juicy       
## 17     5 lime        
## 18     5 sour        
## 19     5 green
fruit_pairs <- fruit_words %>%
  pairwise_count(word, id, sort = TRUE, upper = FALSE)

fruit_pairs
## # A tibble: 26 × 3
##    item1   item2       n
##    <chr>   <chr>   <dbl>
##  1 sweet   red         2
##  2 apple   crisp       1
##  3 apple   sweet       1
##  4 crisp   sweet       1
##  5 apple   red         1
##  6 crisp   red         1
##  7 sweet   bananas     1
##  8 sweet   soft        1
##  9 bananas soft        1
## 10 sweet   yellow      1
## # ℹ 16 more rows
fruit_matrix <- fruit_pairs %>%
  bind_rows(fruit_pairs %>% rename(item1 = item2, item2 = item1)) %>%
  cast_sparse(item1, item2, n) %>%
  as.matrix()

fruit_matrix
##              red crisp sweet bananas soft yellow lemon sour bright strawberries
## sweet          2     1     0       1    1      1     0    0      0            1
## apple          1     1     1       0    0      0     0    0      0            0
## crisp          1     0     1       0    0      0     0    0      0            0
## bananas        0     0     1       0    1      1     0    0      0            0
## soft           0     0     1       1    0      1     0    0      0            0
## yellow         0     0     1       1    1      0     1    1      1            0
## lemon          0     0     0       0    0      1     0    1      1            0
## sour           0     0     0       0    0      1     1    0      1            0
## red            0     1     2       0    0      0     0    0      0            1
## strawberries   1     0     1       0    0      0     0    0      0            0
## lime           0     0     0       0    0      0     0    1      0            0
## bright         0     0     0       0    0      1     1    1      0            0
## juicy          1     0     1       0    0      0     0    0      0            1
## green          0     0     0       0    0      0     0    1      0            0
##              juicy lime green apple
## sweet            1    0     0     1
## apple            0    0     0     0
## crisp            0    0     0     1
## bananas          0    0     0     0
## soft             0    0     0     0
## yellow           0    0     0     0
## lemon            0    0     0     0
## sour             0    1     1     0
## red              1    0     0     1
## strawberries     1    0     0     0
## lime             0    0     1     0
## bright           0    0     0     0
## juicy            0    0     0     0
## green            0    1     0     0
set.seed(580)

fruit_pairs %>%
  filter(n >= 1) %>%
  graph_from_data_frame() %>%
  ggraph(layout = "fr") +
  geom_edge_link(aes(edge_alpha = n, edge_width = n), color = "steelblue") +
  geom_node_point(size = 5, color = "darkorange") +
  geom_node_text(aes(label = name), repel = TRUE, size = 4) +
  theme_void() +
  labs(title = "Word Co-occurrence Network: Fruit Descriptions")


Real-World Example: SpaceX Investor Comments

Step 1: Load the Raw Text

spacex_lines <- readLines("spacex_cooccurence.txt", encoding = "UTF-8")
spacex_lines <- gsub("^\\s+|\\s+$", "", spacex_lines, useBytes = TRUE)

spacex_text <- tibble(
  id = seq_along(spacex_lines),
  text = spacex_lines
)

spacex_text
## # A tibble: 13 × 2
##       id text                                                                   
##    <int> <chr>                                                                  
##  1     1 My buy level for spacex is 50-60                                       
##  2     2 Everyone of these experts said don't buy. I did. I bought and sold. It…
##  3     3 Below 100 i buy                                                        
##  4     4 Typical lockups don’t apply to SpaceX.  It has a unique, multi-phase…
##  5     5 I sold my $SPCX shares at $197. Once it crashes to ~ $75, I will buy a…
##  6     6 My personal high-conviction targets for the TOP 15 Digital Assets of 2…
##  7     7 I'd rather miss the move than invest at current valuations lol         
##  8     8 Buy one to two shares in the beginning while all the hype continues so…
##  9     9 I want to invest in spacex but not at this valuation. Will wait 6 mont…
## 10    10 Nothing is new here. I expect the SpaceX price to drop significantly i…
## 11    11 TSLA and SPCX Merger in a couple of years.                             
## 12    12 I bought 5 Calls yesterdays dip. FOMO is real. I wouldnt be surprise i…
## 13    13 I will be DCAing into this stock for the next 15 years! Its already be…

Step 2: Tokenize, Clean, and Add Custom Stopwords

Task: After inspecting the frequent-word tibble, I added two extra stopwords that are common in this corpus mainly because every comment is about investing in equity, not because they signal a distinct theme.

# Added "stock" and "term" as custom stopwords (see Question 1)
custom_stop_words <- bind_rows(
  stop_words,
  tibble(
    word = c(
      "im", "ive", "dont", "didnt", "isnt", "lol",
      "stock", "term"   # <-- my additional stopwords
    ),
    lexicon = "custom"
  )
)

spacex_words <- spacex_text %>%
  mutate(text = str_replace_all(text, "[^[:alnum:][:space:]$]", " ")) %>%
  unnest_tokens(word, text, token = "words") %>%
  filter(!str_detect(word, "^[0-9]+$")) %>%
  anti_join(custom_stop_words, by = "word")

spacex_words %>% count(word, sort = TRUE) %>% head(15)
## # A tibble: 15 × 2
##    word              n
##    <chr>         <int>
##  1 buy               6
##  2 shares            6
##  3 spacex            6
##  4 price             3
##  5 spcx              3
##  6 apply             2
##  7 bought            2
##  8 invest            2
##  9 massive           2
## 10 months            2
## 11 move              2
## 12 significantly     2
## 13 sold              2
## 14 wait              2
## 15 absolute          1

Step 3: Count Word Pairs

spacex_pairs <- spacex_words %>%
  pairwise_count(word, id, sort = TRUE, upper = FALSE)

spacex_pairs %>% head(15)
## # A tibble: 15 × 3
##    item1  item2             n
##    <chr>  <chr>         <dbl>
##  1 shares price             3
##  2 buy    sold              2
##  3 buy    shares            2
##  4 spacex shares            2
##  5 spacex price             2
##  6 shares significantly     2
##  7 price  significantly     2
##  8 spacex wait              2
##  9 spacex months            2
## 10 wait   months            2
## 11 buy    level             1
## 12 buy    spacex            1
## 13 level  spacex            1
## 14 buy    experts           1
## 15 buy    don               1

Step 4: Build the Co-occurrence Matrix (Top 15 Words)

top_words <- spacex_words %>%
  count(word, sort = TRUE) %>%
  slice_max(n, n = 15) %>%
  pull(word)

spacex_matrix <- spacex_pairs %>%
  filter(item1 %in% top_words, item2 %in% top_words) %>%
  bind_rows(
    spacex_pairs %>%
      rename(item1 = item2, item2 = item1) %>%
      filter(item1 %in% top_words, item2 %in% top_words)
  ) %>%
  cast_sparse(item1, item2, n) %>%
  as.matrix()

spacex_matrix
##               price sold shares significantly wait months level spacex experts
## shares            3    1      0             2    1      1     0      2       0
## buy               1    2      2             1    0      0     1      1       1
## spacex            2    0      2             1    2      2     1      0       0
## price             0    0      3             2    1      1     0      2       0
## wait              1    0      1             1    0      2     0      2       0
## level             0    0      0             0    0      0     0      1       0
## experts           0    1      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## don               0    1      0             0    0      0     0      0       1
## bought            0    1      0             0    0      0     0      0       1
## sold              0    0      1             0    0      0     0      0       1
## typical           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## lockups           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## donâ              1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## apply             1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## unique            1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## multi             1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## phase             1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## lock              1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## release           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## schedule          1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## intended          1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## facilitate        1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## trickle           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## selling           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## massive           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## dump              1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## expiration        1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## single            1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## lockup            1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## date              1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## historical        1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## model             1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## doesnâ            1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## importantly       1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## itâ               1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## floated           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## profound          1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## impact            1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## future            1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## prospects         1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## driving           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## extreme           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## volatility        1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## delaying          1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## inclusion         1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## major             1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## passive           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## indexes           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## keeping           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## absolute          1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## strategic         1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## control           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## firmly            1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## hands             1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## elon              1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## musk              1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## reserving         1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## insiders          1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## investors         1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## created           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## ecosystem         1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## trades            1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## scarcity          1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## fundamental       1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## performance       1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## spcx              0    1      1             0    0      0     0      0       0
## personal          0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## conviction        0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## targets           0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## top               0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## digital           0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## assets            0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## solana            0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## spcx55k           0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## xrp               0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## move              0    1      0             0    0      0     0      0       1
## miss              0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## invest            0    0      0             0    1      1     0      1       0
## current           0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## beginning         1    0      1             1    0      0     0      0       0
## hype              1    0      1             1    0      0     0      0       0
## continues         1    0      1             1    0      0     0      0       0
## keast             1    0      1             1    0      0     0      0       0
## follow            1    0      1             1    0      0     0      0       0
## portfolio         1    0      1             1    0      0     0      0       0
## drops             1    0      1             1    0      0     0      0       0
## significantly     2    0      2             0    1      1     0      1       0
## start             1    0      1             1    0      0     0      0       0
## dollar            1    0      1             1    0      0     0      0       0
## cost              1    0      1             1    0      0     0      0       0
## averaging         1    0      1             1    0      0     0      0       0
## valuation         0    0      0             0    1      1     0      1       0
## months            1    0      1             1    2      0     0      2       0
## expect            1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## drop              1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## panics            1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## sells             1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## opportunity       1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## arises            1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## collect           1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## accumulate        1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## capital           1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## grandchildren     1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## remember          1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## decision          1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## pre               1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## ipo               1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## locked            1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## days              1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## sell              1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## tsla              0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## merger            0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## calls             0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## yesterdays        0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## dip               0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## fomo              0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## real              0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## wouldnt           0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## surprise          0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## dcaing            0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## strategy          0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## applies           0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## metrics           1    0      1             0    0      0     0      1       0
## crashes           0    1      1             0    0      0     0      0       0
## btc               0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## valuations        0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## chunk             1    0      1             1    0      0     0      0       0
## reassess          0    0      0             0    1      1     0      1       0
## day               1    0      1             1    1      1     0      1       0
## couple            0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## runs              0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
## stocks            0    0      0             0    0      0     0      0       0
##               don bought move typical lockups donâ apply unique multi phase
## shares          0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## buy             1      1    1       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## spacex          0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## price           0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## wait            0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## level           0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## experts         1      1    1       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## don             0      1    1       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## bought          1      0    1       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## sold            1      1    1       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## typical         0      0    0       0       1    1     1      1     1     1
## lockups         0      0    0       1       0    1     1      1     1     1
## donâ            0      0    0       1       1    0     1      1     1     1
## apply           0      0    0       1       1    1     0      1     1     1
## unique          0      0    0       1       1    1     1      0     1     1
## multi           0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     0     1
## phase           0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     0
## lock            0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## release         0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## schedule        0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## intended        0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## facilitate      0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## trickle         0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## selling         0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## massive         0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## dump            0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## expiration      0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## single          0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## lockup          0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## date            0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## historical      0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## model           0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## doesnâ          0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## importantly     0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## itâ             0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## floated         0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## profound        0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## impact          0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## future          0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## prospects       0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## driving         0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## extreme         0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## volatility      0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## delaying        0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## inclusion       0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## major           0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## passive         0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## indexes         0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## keeping         0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## absolute        0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## strategic       0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## control         0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## firmly          0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## hands           0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## elon            0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## musk            0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## reserving       0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## insiders        0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## investors       0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## created         0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## ecosystem       0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## trades          0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## scarcity        0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## fundamental     0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## performance     0      0    0       1       1    1     1      1     1     1
## spcx            0      1    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## personal        0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## conviction      0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## targets         0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## top             0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## digital         0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## assets          0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## solana          0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## spcx55k         0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## xrp             0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## move            1      1    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## miss            0      0    1       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## invest          0      0    1       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## current         0      0    1       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## beginning       0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## hype            0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## continues       0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## keast           0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## follow          0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## portfolio       0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
## drops           0      0    0       0       0    0     0      0     0     0
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##               lock release schedule intended facilitate trickle selling massive
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##               dump expiration single lockup date historical model doesnâ
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## model            1          1      1      1    1          1     0      1
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## importantly      1          1      1      1    1          1     1      1
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## keeping          1          1      1      1    1          1     1      1
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## hands            1          1      1      1    1          1     1      1
## elon             1          1      1      1    1          1     1      1
## musk             1          1      1      1    1          1     1      1
## reserving        1          1      1      1    1          1     1      1
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## scarcity         1          1      1      1    1          1     1      1
## fundamental      1          1      1      1    1          1     1      1
## performance      1          1      1      1    1          1     1      1
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## assets           0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
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## spcx55k          0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
## xrp              0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
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## capital          0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
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## remember         0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
## decision         0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
## pre              0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
## ipo              0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
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## days             0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
## sell             0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
## tsla             0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
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## yesterdays       0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
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## real             0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
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## metrics          1          1      1      1    1          1     1      1
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## btc              0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
## valuations       0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
## chunk            0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
## reassess         0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
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## couple           0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
## runs             0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
## stocks           0          0      0      0    0          0     0      0
##               importantly itâ floated profound impact future prospects driving
## shares                  1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
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## price                   1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
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## selling                 1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## massive                 1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## dump                    1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## expiration              1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
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## date                    1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
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## model                   1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
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## importantly             0   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## itâ                     1   0       1        1      1      1         1       1
## floated                 1   1       0        1      1      1         1       1
## profound                1   1       1        0      1      1         1       1
## impact                  1   1       1        1      0      1         1       1
## future                  1   1       1        1      1      0         1       1
## prospects               1   1       1        1      1      1         0       1
## driving                 1   1       1        1      1      1         1       0
## extreme                 1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## volatility              1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## delaying                1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## inclusion               1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## major                   1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## passive                 1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## indexes                 1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## keeping                 1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## absolute                1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## strategic               1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## control                 1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## firmly                  1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## hands                   1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## elon                    1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## musk                    1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## reserving               1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## insiders                1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## investors               1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## created                 1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## ecosystem               1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## trades                  1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## scarcity                1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## fundamental             1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## performance             1   1       1        1      1      1         1       1
## spcx                    0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## personal                0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## conviction              0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## targets                 0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## top                     0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## digital                 0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## assets                  0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## solana                  0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## spcx55k                 0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## xrp                     0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## move                    0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## miss                    0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## invest                  0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
## current                 0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
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## stocks                  0   0       0        0      0      0         0       0
##               extreme volatility delaying inclusion major passive indexes
## shares              1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## buy                 0          0        0         0     0       0       0
## spacex              1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## price               1          1        1         1     1       1       1
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## expiration          1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## single              1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## lockup              1          1        1         1     1       1       1
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## historical          1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## model               1          1        1         1     1       1       1
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## importantly         1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## itâ                 1          1        1         1     1       1       1
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## profound            1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## impact              1          1        1         1     1       1       1
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## delaying            1          1        0         1     1       1       1
## inclusion           1          1        1         0     1       1       1
## major               1          1        1         1     0       1       1
## passive             1          1        1         1     1       0       1
## indexes             1          1        1         1     1       1       0
## keeping             1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## absolute            1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## strategic           1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## control             1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## firmly              1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## hands               1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## elon                1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## musk                1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## reserving           1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## insiders            1          1        1         1     1       1       1
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## fundamental         1          1        1         1     1       1       1
## performance         1          1        1         1     1       1       1
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## assets              0          0        0         0     0       0       0
## solana              0          0        0         0     0       0       0
## spcx55k             0          0        0         0     0       0       0
## xrp                 0          0        0         0     0       0       0
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## couple              0          0        0         0     0       0       0
## runs                0          0        0         0     0       0       0
## stocks              0          0        0         0     0       0       0
##               keeping absolute strategic control firmly hands elon musk
## shares              1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## buy                 0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## spacex              1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## price               1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
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## facilitate          1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## trickle             1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## selling             1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## massive             1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## dump                1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## expiration          1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## single              1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## lockup              1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## date                1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## historical          1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## model               1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## doesnâ              1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## importantly         1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## itâ                 1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
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## profound            1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## impact              1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## future              1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## prospects           1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## driving             1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## extreme             1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## volatility          1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## delaying            1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## inclusion           1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## major               1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## passive             1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
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## keeping             0        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## absolute            1        0         1       1      1     1    1    1
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## firmly              1        1         1       1      0     1    1    1
## hands               1        1         1       1      1     0    1    1
## elon                1        1         1       1      1     1    0    1
## musk                1        1         1       1      1     1    1    0
## reserving           1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## insiders            1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
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## scarcity            1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## fundamental         1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## performance         1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
## spcx                0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## personal            0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## conviction          0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## targets             0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## top                 0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## digital             0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## assets              0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## solana              0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## spcx55k             0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## xrp                 0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## move                0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## miss                0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
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## expect              0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## drop                0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## panics              0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
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## opportunity         0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## arises              0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
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## pre                 0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## ipo                 0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
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## days                0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## sell                0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## tsla                0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## merger              0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## calls               0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## yesterdays          0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## dip                 0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## fomo                0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## real                0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## wouldnt             0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## surprise            0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## dcaing              0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## strategy            0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
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## metrics             1        1         1       1      1     1    1    1
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## btc                 0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## valuations          0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
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## couple              0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## runs                0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
## stocks              0        0         0       0      0     0    0    0
##               reserving insiders investors created ecosystem trades scarcity
## shares                1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## buy                   0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## spacex                1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## price                 1        1         1       1         1      1        1
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## phase                 1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## lock                  1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## release               1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## schedule              1        1         1       1         1      1        1
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## facilitate            1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## trickle               1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## selling               1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## massive               1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## dump                  1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## expiration            1        1         1       1         1      1        1
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## lockup                1        1         1       1         1      1        1
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## historical            1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## model                 1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## doesnâ                1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## importantly           1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## itâ                   1        1         1       1         1      1        1
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## profound              1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## impact                1        1         1       1         1      1        1
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## extreme               1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## volatility            1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## delaying              1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## inclusion             1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## major                 1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## passive               1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## indexes               1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## keeping               1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## absolute              1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## strategic             1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## control               1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## firmly                1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## hands                 1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## elon                  1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## musk                  1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## reserving             0        1         1       1         1      1        1
## insiders              1        0         1       1         1      1        1
## investors             1        1         0       1         1      1        1
## created               1        1         1       0         1      1        1
## ecosystem             1        1         1       1         0      1        1
## trades                1        1         1       1         1      0        1
## scarcity              1        1         1       1         1      1        0
## fundamental           1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## performance           1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## spcx                  0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## personal              0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## conviction            0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## targets               0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## top                   0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## digital               0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## assets                0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## solana                0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## spcx55k               0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## xrp                   0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## move                  0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## miss                  0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## invest                0        0         0       0         0      0        0
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## start                 0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## dollar                0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## cost                  0        0         0       0         0      0        0
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## valuation             0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## months                0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## expect                0        0         0       0         0      0        0
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## panics                0        0         0       0         0      0        0
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## capital               0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## grandchildren         0        0         0       0         0      0        0
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## ipo                   0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## locked                0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## days                  0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## sell                  0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## tsla                  0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## merger                0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## calls                 0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## yesterdays            0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## dip                   0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## fomo                  0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## real                  0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## wouldnt               0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## surprise              0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## dcaing                0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## strategy              0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## applies               0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## metrics               1        1         1       1         1      1        1
## crashes               0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## btc                   0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## valuations            0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## chunk                 0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## reassess              0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## day                   0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## couple                0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## runs                  0        0         0       0         0      0        0
## stocks                0        0         0       0         0      0        0
##               fundamental performance metrics spcx crashes conviction targets
## shares                  1           1       1    1       1          0       0
## buy                     0           0       0    1       1          0       0
## spacex                  1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## price                   1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## wait                    0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## level                   0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## experts                 0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## don                     0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## bought                  0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## sold                    0           0       0    1       1          0       0
## typical                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## lockups                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## donâ                    1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## apply                   1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## unique                  1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## multi                   1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## phase                   1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## lock                    1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## release                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## schedule                1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## intended                1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## facilitate              1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## trickle                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## selling                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## massive                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## dump                    1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## expiration              1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## single                  1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## lockup                  1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## date                    1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## historical              1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## model                   1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## doesnâ                  1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## importantly             1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## itâ                     1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## floated                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## profound                1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## impact                  1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## future                  1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## prospects               1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## driving                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## extreme                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## volatility              1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## delaying                1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## inclusion               1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## major                   1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## passive                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## indexes                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## keeping                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## absolute                1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## strategic               1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## control                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## firmly                  1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## hands                   1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## elon                    1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## musk                    1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## reserving               1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## insiders                1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## investors               1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## created                 1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## ecosystem               1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## trades                  1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## scarcity                1           1       1    0       0          0       0
## fundamental             0           1       1    0       0          0       0
## performance             1           0       1    0       0          0       0
## spcx                    0           0       0    0       1          0       0
## personal                0           0       0    0       0          1       1
## conviction              0           0       0    0       0          0       1
## targets                 0           0       0    0       0          1       0
## top                     0           0       0    0       0          1       1
## digital                 0           0       0    0       0          1       1
## assets                  0           0       0    0       0          1       1
## solana                  0           0       0    0       0          1       1
## spcx55k                 0           0       0    0       0          1       1
## xrp                     0           0       0    0       0          1       1
## move                    0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## miss                    0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## invest                  0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## current                 0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## beginning               0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## hype                    0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## continues               0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## keast                   0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## follow                  0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## portfolio               0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## drops                   0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## significantly           0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## start                   0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## dollar                  0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## cost                    0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## averaging               0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## valuation               0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## months                  0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## expect                  0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## drop                    0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## panics                  0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## sells                   0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## opportunity             0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## arises                  0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## collect                 0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## accumulate              0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## capital                 0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## grandchildren           0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## remember                0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## decision                0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## pre                     0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## ipo                     0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## locked                  0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## days                    0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## sell                    0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## tsla                    0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## merger                  0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## calls                   0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## yesterdays              0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## dip                     0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## fomo                    0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## real                    0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## wouldnt                 0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## surprise                0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## dcaing                  0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## strategy                0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## applies                 0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## metrics                 1           1       0    0       0          0       0
## crashes                 0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## btc                     0           0       0    0       0          1       1
## valuations              0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## chunk                   0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## reassess                0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## day                     0           0       0    0       0          0       0
## couple                  0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## runs                    0           0       0    1       0          0       0
## stocks                  0           0       0    0       0          0       0
##               top digital assets solana spcx55k xrp btc miss invest current
## shares          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## buy             0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## spacex          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      1       0
## price           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## wait            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      1       0
## level           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## experts         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## don             0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## bought          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## sold            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## typical         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## lockups         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## donâ            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## apply           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## unique          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## multi           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## phase           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## lock            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## release         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## schedule        0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## intended        0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## facilitate      0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## trickle         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## selling         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## massive         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## dump            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## expiration      0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## single          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## lockup          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## date            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## historical      0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## model           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## doesnâ          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## importantly     0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## itâ             0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## floated         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## profound        0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## impact          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## future          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## prospects       0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## driving         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## extreme         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## volatility      0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## delaying        0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## inclusion       0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## major           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## passive         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## indexes         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## keeping         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## absolute        0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## strategic       0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## control         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## firmly          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## hands           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## elon            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## musk            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## reserving       0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## insiders        0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## investors       0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## created         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## ecosystem       0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## trades          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## scarcity        0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## fundamental     0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## performance     0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## spcx            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## personal        1       1      1      1       1   1   1    0      0       0
## conviction      1       1      1      1       1   1   1    0      0       0
## targets         1       1      1      1       1   1   1    0      0       0
## top             0       1      1      1       1   1   1    0      0       0
## digital         1       0      1      1       1   1   1    0      0       0
## assets          1       1      0      1       1   1   1    0      0       0
## solana          1       1      1      0       1   1   1    0      0       0
## spcx55k         1       1      1      1       0   1   1    0      0       0
## xrp             1       1      1      1       1   0   1    0      0       0
## move            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    1      1       1
## miss            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      1       1
## invest          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    1      0       1
## current         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    1      1       0
## beginning       0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## hype            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## continues       0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## keast           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## follow          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## portfolio       0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## drops           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## significantly   0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## start           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## dollar          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## cost            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## averaging       0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## valuation       0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      1       0
## months          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      1       0
## expect          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## drop            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## panics          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## sells           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## opportunity     0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## arises          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## collect         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## accumulate      0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## capital         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## grandchildren   0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## remember        0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## decision        0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## pre             0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## ipo             0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## locked          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## days            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## sell            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## tsla            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## merger          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## calls           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## yesterdays      0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## dip             0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## fomo            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## real            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## wouldnt         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## surprise        0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## dcaing          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## strategy        0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## applies         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## metrics         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## crashes         0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## btc             1       1      1      1       1   1   0    0      0       0
## valuations      0       0      0      0       0   0   0    1      1       1
## chunk           0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## reassess        0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      1       0
## day             0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## couple          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## runs            0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
## stocks          0       0      0      0       0   0   0    0      0       0
##               valuations beginning hype continues keast follow portfolio drops
## shares                 0         1    1         1     1      1         1     1
## buy                    0         1    1         1     1      1         1     1
## spacex                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## price                  0         1    1         1     1      1         1     1
## wait                   0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## level                  0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## experts                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## don                    0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## bought                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## sold                   0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## typical                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## lockups                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## donâ                   0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## apply                  0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## unique                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## multi                  0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## phase                  0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## lock                   0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## release                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## schedule               0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## intended               0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## facilitate             0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## trickle                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## selling                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## massive                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## dump                   0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## expiration             0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## single                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## lockup                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## date                   0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## historical             0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## model                  0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## doesnâ                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## importantly            0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## itâ                    0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## floated                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## profound               0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## impact                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## future                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## prospects              0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## driving                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## extreme                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## volatility             0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## delaying               0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## inclusion              0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## major                  0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## passive                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## indexes                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## keeping                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## absolute               0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## strategic              0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## control                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## firmly                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## hands                  0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## elon                   0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## musk                   0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## reserving              0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## insiders               0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## investors              0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## created                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## ecosystem              0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## trades                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## scarcity               0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## fundamental            0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## performance            0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## spcx                   0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## personal               0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## conviction             0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## targets                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## top                    0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## digital                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## assets                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## solana                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## spcx55k                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## xrp                    0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## move                   1         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## miss                   1         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## invest                 1         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## current                1         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## beginning              0         0    1         1     1      1         1     1
## hype                   0         1    0         1     1      1         1     1
## continues              0         1    1         0     1      1         1     1
## keast                  0         1    1         1     0      1         1     1
## follow                 0         1    1         1     1      0         1     1
## portfolio              0         1    1         1     1      1         0     1
## drops                  0         1    1         1     1      1         1     0
## significantly          0         1    1         1     1      1         1     1
## start                  0         1    1         1     1      1         1     1
## dollar                 0         1    1         1     1      1         1     1
## cost                   0         1    1         1     1      1         1     1
## averaging              0         1    1         1     1      1         1     1
## valuation              0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## months                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## expect                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## drop                   0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## panics                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## sells                  0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## opportunity            0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## arises                 0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
## collect                0         0    0         0     0      0         0     0
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##               grandchildren remember decision pre ipo locked days sell day tsla
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## significantly             1        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## start                     0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## dollar                    0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## cost                      0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## averaging                 0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## valuation                 0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## months                    1        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## expect                    1        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## drop                      1        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## panics                    1        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## sells                     1        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## opportunity               1        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## arises                    1        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## collect                   1        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## accumulate                1        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## capital                   1        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## grandchildren             0        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## remember                  1        0        1   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## decision                  1        1        0   1   1      1    1    1   1    0
## pre                       1        1        1   0   1      1    1    1   1    0
## ipo                       1        1        1   1   0      1    1    1   1    0
## locked                    1        1        1   1   1      0    1    1   1    0
## days                      1        1        1   1   1      1    0    1   1    0
## sell                      1        1        1   1   1      1    1    0   1    0
## tsla                      0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## merger                    0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    1
## calls                     0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## yesterdays                0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## dip                       0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## fomo                      0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## real                      0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## wouldnt                   0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## surprise                  0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## dcaing                    0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## strategy                  0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## applies                   0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## metrics                   0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## crashes                   0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## btc                       0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## valuations                0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## chunk                     0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## reassess                  0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## day                       1        1        1   1   1      1    1    1   0    0
## couple                    0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    1
## runs                      0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
## stocks                    0        0        0   0   0      0    0    0   0    0
##               merger couple calls yesterdays dip fomo real wouldnt surprise
## shares             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## buy                0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## spacex             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## price              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## wait               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## level              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## experts            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## don                0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## bought             0      0     1          1   1    1    1       1        1
## sold               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## typical            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## lockups            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## donâ               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## apply              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## unique             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## multi              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## phase              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## lock               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## release            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## schedule           0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## intended           0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## facilitate         0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## trickle            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## selling            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## massive            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## dump               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## expiration         0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## single             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## lockup             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## date               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## historical         0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## model              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## doesnâ             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## importantly        0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## itâ                0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## floated            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## profound           0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## impact             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## future             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## prospects          0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## driving            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## extreme            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## volatility         0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## delaying           0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## inclusion          0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## major              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## passive            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## indexes            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## keeping            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## absolute           0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## strategic          0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## control            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## firmly             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## hands              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## elon               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## musk               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## reserving          0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## insiders           0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## investors          0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## created            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## ecosystem          0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## trades             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## scarcity           0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## fundamental        0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## performance        0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## spcx               1      1     1          1   1    1    1       1        1
## personal           0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## conviction         0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## targets            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## top                0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## digital            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## assets             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## solana             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## spcx55k            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## xrp                0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## move               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## miss               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## invest             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## current            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## beginning          0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## hype               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## continues          0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## keast              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## follow             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## portfolio          0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## drops              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## significantly      0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## start              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## dollar             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## cost               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## averaging          0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## valuation          0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## months             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## expect             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## drop               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## panics             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## sells              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## opportunity        0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## arises             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## collect            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## accumulate         0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## capital            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## grandchildren      0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## remember           0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## decision           0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## pre                0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## ipo                0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## locked             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## days               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## sell               0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## tsla               1      1     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## merger             0      1     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## calls              0      0     0          1   1    1    1       1        1
## yesterdays         0      0     1          0   1    1    1       1        1
## dip                0      0     1          1   0    1    1       1        1
## fomo               0      0     1          1   1    0    1       1        1
## real               0      0     1          1   1    1    0       1        1
## wouldnt            0      0     1          1   1    1    1       0        1
## surprise           0      0     1          1   1    1    1       1        0
## dcaing             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## strategy           0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## applies            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## metrics            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## crashes            0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## btc                0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## valuations         0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## chunk              0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## reassess           0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## day                0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## couple             1      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
## runs               0      0     1          1   1    1    1       1        1
## stocks             0      0     0          0   0    0    0       0        0
##               runs strategy applies stocks buy personal dcaing
## shares           0        0       0      0   2        0      0
## buy              0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## spacex           0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## price            0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## wait             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## level            0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## experts          0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## don              0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## bought           1        0       0      0   1        0      0
## sold             0        0       0      0   2        0      0
## typical          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## lockups          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## donâ             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## apply            0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## unique           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## multi            0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## phase            0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## lock             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## release          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## schedule         0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## intended         0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## facilitate       0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## trickle          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## selling          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## massive          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## dump             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## expiration       0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## single           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## lockup           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## date             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## historical       0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## model            0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## doesnâ           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## importantly      0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## itâ              0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## floated          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## profound         0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## impact           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## future           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## prospects        0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## driving          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## extreme          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## volatility       0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## delaying         0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## inclusion        0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## major            0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## passive          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## indexes          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## keeping          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## absolute         0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## strategic        0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## control          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## firmly           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## hands            0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## elon             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## musk             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## reserving        0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## insiders         0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## investors        0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## created          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## ecosystem        0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## trades           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## scarcity         0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## fundamental      0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## performance      0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## spcx             1        0       0      0   1        0      0
## personal         0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## conviction       0        0       0      0   0        1      0
## targets          0        0       0      0   0        1      0
## top              0        0       0      0   0        1      0
## digital          0        0       0      0   0        1      0
## assets           0        0       0      0   0        1      0
## solana           0        0       0      0   0        1      0
## spcx55k          0        0       0      0   0        1      0
## xrp              0        0       0      0   0        1      0
## move             0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## miss             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## invest           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## current          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## beginning        0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## hype             0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## continues        0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## keast            0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## follow           0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## portfolio        0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## drops            0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## significantly    0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## start            0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## dollar           0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## cost             0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## averaging        0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## valuation        0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## months           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## expect           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## drop             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## panics           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## sells            0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## opportunity      0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## arises           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## collect          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## accumulate       0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## capital          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## grandchildren    0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## remember         0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## decision         0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## pre              0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## ipo              0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## locked           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## days             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## sell             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## tsla             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## merger           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## calls            1        0       0      0   0        0      0
## yesterdays       1        0       0      0   0        0      0
## dip              1        0       0      0   0        0      0
## fomo             1        0       0      0   0        0      0
## real             1        0       0      0   0        0      0
## wouldnt          1        0       0      0   0        0      0
## surprise         1        0       0      0   0        0      0
## dcaing           0        1       1      1   0        0      0
## strategy         0        0       1      1   0        0      1
## applies          0        1       0      1   0        0      1
## metrics          0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## crashes          0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## btc              0        0       0      0   0        1      0
## valuations       0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## chunk            0        0       0      0   1        0      0
## reassess         0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## day              0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## couple           0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## runs             0        0       0      0   0        0      0
## stocks           0        1       1      0   0        0      1

Step 5: Visualize Strongest Co-occurrences

Original tutorial threshold (n > 1), then a stricter threshold for comparison.

set.seed(580)

spacex_pairs %>%
  filter(n > 1) %>%
  graph_from_data_frame() %>%
  ggraph(layout = "fr") +
  geom_edge_link(aes(edge_alpha = n, edge_width = n), color = "firebrick") +
  geom_node_point(size = 4, color = "steelblue") +
  geom_node_text(aes(label = name), repel = TRUE, size = 3.5) +
  theme_void() +
  labs(
    title = "SpaceX Co-occurrence Network (n > 1)",
    subtitle = "Edge thickness = number of comments containing both words"
  )

# Changed threshold for Question 2
n_threshold <- 2   # final chosen value used in filter(n > n_threshold)

set.seed(580)

spacex_pairs %>%
  filter(n > n_threshold) %>%
  graph_from_data_frame() %>%
  ggraph(layout = "fr") +
  geom_edge_link(aes(edge_alpha = n, edge_width = n), color = "firebrick") +
  geom_node_point(size = 4, color = "steelblue") +
  geom_node_text(aes(label = name), repel = TRUE, size = 3.5) +
  theme_void() +
  labs(
    title = paste0("SpaceX Co-occurrence Network (n > ", n_threshold, ")"),
    subtitle = "Stricter filter keeps only the strongest pairs"
  )

# Helper for Question 4: what co-occurs with "buy"?
spacex_pairs %>%
  filter(item1 == "buy" | item2 == "buy") %>%
  arrange(desc(n))
## # A tibble: 24 × 3
##    item1 item2       n
##    <chr> <chr>   <dbl>
##  1 buy   sold        2
##  2 buy   shares      2
##  3 buy   level       1
##  4 buy   spacex      1
##  5 buy   experts     1
##  6 buy   don         1
##  7 buy   bought      1
##  8 buy   move        1
##  9 buy   price       1
## 10 buy   spcx        1
## # ℹ 14 more rows

Reflection & Discussion Questions

Question 1 — Custom stopwords and network change

I manually added stock and term to the stopword list. Both are frequent in this investor corpus mostly because every comment is about equity investing (“stock,” “long term”), not because they mark a distinctive stance such as bullish timing or caution. Removing them follows standard tidy-text guidance: drop high-frequency words that inflate co-occurrence counts without adding interpretive value (Silge & Robinson, 2017). After removal, the network becomes slightly cleaner—edges that only tied words together through generic “stock/term” hub language weaken or disappear—so clusters around action words like buy, shares, price, wait, and spacex stand out more clearly.

Question 2 — Changing filter(n > 1)

My final value is n > 2 (threshold = 2). With only 13 comments, raising the threshold from 1 to 2 keeps mainly the strongest pair(s) (notably shares–price) and drops most of the exploratory structure. That is “cleaner,” but not better for insight here: the graph becomes too sparse to discuss investor themes. For this small sample, n > 1 is the more useful default; a higher n would make more sense with hundreds of comments (Xu tutorial; Silge & Robinson, 2017).

Question 3 — Which Bluesky co-occurrence graph is better?

Professor Xu’s Bluesky post shows two coffee SEO networks built from the same metadata (Bluesky post):

Left/top: denser network; right/bottom: stricter, hub-focused network.

Left/top: denser network; right/bottom: stricter, hub-focused network.

Left/top: denser network; right/bottom: stricter, hub-focused network.

Left/top: denser network; right/bottom: stricter, hub-focused network.

I prefer the denser first graph. It still centers on “coffee,” but it also surfaces semantic neighborhoods (specialty/sourcing, cold brew, roast/espresso) that matter for SEO co-occurrence strategy—showing Google-relevant context beyond the single strongest hub edges (Chiericato, 2015). The second graph is easier to present, but it oversimplifies the topical map by keeping only the highest-n links.

Question 4 — Surprising pairs; where does “buy” cluster?

A mildly surprising pattern is how often shares and price travel together, and how wait pairs with spacex/months, which feels like a patience/valuation frame rather than FOMO. Looking at neighbors of buy, the word clusters more with transaction/exit language (sold, shares) than with pure optimism (dip appears only once in the corpus). Caution language (wait, valuation) does appear in the broader network, but it is not the dominant immediate neighbor of buy in this tiny sample—so “buy” here looks more like trading activity than a clean optimism signal.

Question 5 — Should $SPCX and SpaceX be the same token?

Usually yes, for this analysis. They refer to the same entity; keeping them separate splits co-occurrence counts and weakens the brand/ticker hub artificially (similar to leaving “coffee” and “coffees” unstemmed in the SEO example). A practical approach is to normalize both to one canonical token (e.g., spacex) during cleaning, while optionally retaining a flag if ticker-versus-brand wording itself is a research question.

Question 6 — Small-sample risk and how to communicate it

Risks include unstable edges, overfitting to a few verbose comments, and mistaking one author’s phrasing for “market sentiment.” Co-occurrence estimates get more trustworthy as the number of independent documents grows; for exploratory classroom work, dozens of comments can illustrate the method, but business claims typically need hundreds to thousands of relevant posts/reviews depending on vocabulary diversity (Silge & Robinson, 2017; general sampling caution in text mining). In a business report I would write: “Findings are directional only; the network is based on N = 13 comments and should be validated on a larger, time-bounded sample before guiding investment-communication or product decisions.”

Question 7 — Event-centered comment/review analysis

Yes. Pick a significant event with a clear timestamp (for SpaceX, an IPO filing rumor, a major launch success/failure, or a lockup-expiration window), then collect comments in pre/post windows around that date using platform search or APIs. The event matters because it shocks expectations—liquidity, valuation narratives, and risk language often shift immediately afterward—so co-occurrence networks can be compared before vs. after to see whether “buy” moves toward optimism words (dip, accumulate) or caution words (wait, valuation, sell). That design turns a static word graph into an event-study style text analysis useful for marketing, IR, or brand crisis monitoring.


References

Chiericato, E. (2015). Co Citations and Co Occurrences in SEO: The Complete Guide. Web Marketing Academy. https://webmarketing.academy/en/co-citazioni-co-occorrenze-guida-definitiva/

Silge, J., & Robinson, D. (2017). Text Mining with R: A Tidy Approach. O’Reilly Media. https://www.tidytextmining.com/

Xu, Z. (2026). Text Analysis & NLP — Word Co-occurrence Analysis Demo. https://rpubs.com/JimmyXu/1445260

Xu, Z. (2026). Bluesky post on SEO co-occurrence network graphs. https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:jbmmqoxfdgpoavycm7fz4k3r/post/3mphyccr2vc2g

Robinson, D. (2021). widyr R package. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=widyr

Pedersen, T. L. (2024). ggraph R package. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggraph