getwd()
[1] "/cloud/project"
# VIDEO 1

# Read in the data
NBA = read.csv("NBA_train.csv")
str(NBA)
'data.frame':   835 obs. of  20 variables:
 $ SeasonEnd: int  1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 ...
 $ Team     : chr  "Atlanta Hawks" "Boston Celtics" "Chicago Bulls" "Cleveland Cavaliers" ...
 $ Playoffs : int  1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 ...
 $ W        : int  50 61 30 37 30 16 24 41 37 47 ...
 $ PTS      : int  8573 9303 8813 9360 8878 8933 8493 9084 9119 8860 ...
 $ oppPTS   : int  8334 8664 9035 9332 9240 9609 8853 9070 9176 8603 ...
 $ FG       : int  3261 3617 3362 3811 3462 3643 3527 3599 3639 3582 ...
 $ FGA      : int  7027 7387 6943 8041 7470 7596 7318 7496 7689 7489 ...
 $ X2P      : int  3248 3455 3292 3775 3379 3586 3500 3495 3551 3557 ...
 $ X2PA     : int  6952 6965 6668 7854 7215 7377 7197 7117 7375 7375 ...
 $ X3P      : int  13 162 70 36 83 57 27 104 88 25 ...
 $ X3PA     : int  75 422 275 187 255 219 121 379 314 114 ...
 $ FT       : int  2038 1907 2019 1702 1871 1590 1412 1782 1753 1671 ...
 $ FTA      : int  2645 2449 2592 2205 2539 2149 1914 2326 2333 2250 ...
 $ ORB      : int  1369 1227 1115 1307 1311 1226 1155 1394 1398 1187 ...
 $ DRB      : int  2406 2457 2465 2381 2524 2415 2437 2217 2326 2429 ...
 $ AST      : int  1913 2198 2152 2108 2079 1950 2028 2149 2148 2123 ...
 $ STL      : int  782 809 704 764 746 783 779 782 900 863 ...
 $ BLK      : int  539 308 392 342 404 562 339 373 530 356 ...
 $ TOV      : int  1495 1539 1684 1370 1533 1742 1492 1565 1517 1439 ...
# VIDEO 2

# How many wins to make the playoffs?
table(NBA$W, NBA$Playoffs)
    
      0  1
  11  2  0
  12  2  0
  13  2  0
  14  2  0
  15 10  0
  16  2  0
  17 11  0
  18  5  0
  19 10  0
  20 10  0
  21 12  0
  22 11  0
  23 11  0
  24 18  0
  25 11  0
  26 17  0
  27 10  0
  28 18  0
  29 12  0
  30 19  1
  31 15  1
  32 12  0
  33 17  0
  34 16  0
  35 13  3
  36 17  4
  37 15  4
  38  8  7
  39 10 10
  40  9 13
  41 11 26
  42  8 29
  43  2 18
  44  2 27
  45  3 22
  46  1 15
  47  0 28
  48  1 14
  49  0 17
  50  0 32
  51  0 12
  52  0 20
  53  0 17
  54  0 18
  55  0 24
  56  0 16
  57  0 23
  58  0 13
  59  0 14
  60  0  8
  61  0 10
  62  0 13
  63  0  7
  64  0  3
  65  0  3
  66  0  2
  67  0  4
  69  0  1
  72  0  1

A. 835 B. Yes, 7/15 teams C. 49 Wins D. Yes

# Compute Points Difference
NBA$PTSdiff = NBA$PTS - NBA$oppPTS

D. Yes, there is a strong linear difference

# Compute Run Difference
moneyball$RD = moneyball$RS - moneyball$RA
str(moneyball)
'data.frame':   902 obs. of  16 variables:
 $ Team        : chr  "ANA" "ARI" "ATL" "BAL" ...
 $ League      : chr  "AL" "NL" "NL" "AL" ...
 $ Year        : int  2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 ...
 $ RS          : int  691 818 729 687 772 777 798 735 897 923 ...
 $ RA          : int  730 677 643 829 745 701 795 850 821 906 ...
 $ W           : int  75 92 88 63 82 88 83 66 91 73 ...
 $ OBP         : num  0.327 0.341 0.324 0.319 0.334 0.336 0.334 0.324 0.35 0.354 ...
 $ SLG         : num  0.405 0.442 0.412 0.38 0.439 0.43 0.451 0.419 0.458 0.483 ...
 $ BA          : num  0.261 0.267 0.26 0.248 0.266 0.261 0.268 0.262 0.278 0.292 ...
 $ Playoffs    : int  0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ...
 $ RankSeason  : int  NA 5 7 NA NA NA NA NA 6 NA ...
 $ RankPlayoffs: int  NA 1 3 NA NA NA NA NA 4 NA ...
 $ G           : int  162 162 162 162 161 162 162 162 162 162 ...
 $ OOBP        : num  0.331 0.311 0.314 0.337 0.329 0.321 0.334 0.341 0.341 0.35 ...
 $ OSLG        : num  0.412 0.404 0.384 0.439 0.393 0.398 0.427 0.455 0.417 0.48 ...
 $ RD          : int  -39 141 86 -142 27 76 3 -115 76 17 ...

E. Model we used abovr used point difference as the only predictor to estimate the number of wins.

# Check for linear relationship
plot(NBA$PTSdiff, NBA$W)

# Linear regression model for wins
WinsReg = lm(W ~ PTSdiff, data=NBA)
summary(WinsReg)

Call:
lm(formula = W ~ PTSdiff, data = NBA)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-9.7393 -2.1018 -0.0672  2.0265 10.6026 

Coefficients:
             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) 4.100e+01  1.059e-01   387.0   <2e-16 ***
PTSdiff     3.259e-02  2.793e-04   116.7   <2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 3.061 on 833 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.9423,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.9423 
F-statistic: 1.361e+04 on 1 and 833 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# VIDEO 3

# Linear regression model for points scored
PointsReg = lm(PTS ~ X2PA + X3PA + FTA + AST + ORB + DRB + TOV + STL + BLK, data=NBA)
summary(PointsReg)

Call:
lm(formula = PTS ~ X2PA + X3PA + FTA + AST + ORB + DRB + TOV + 
    STL + BLK, data = NBA)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-527.40 -119.83    7.83  120.67  564.71 

Coefficients:
              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) -2.051e+03  2.035e+02 -10.078   <2e-16 ***
X2PA         1.043e+00  2.957e-02  35.274   <2e-16 ***
X3PA         1.259e+00  3.843e-02  32.747   <2e-16 ***
FTA          1.128e+00  3.373e-02  33.440   <2e-16 ***
AST          8.858e-01  4.396e-02  20.150   <2e-16 ***
ORB         -9.554e-01  7.792e-02 -12.261   <2e-16 ***
DRB          3.883e-02  6.157e-02   0.631   0.5285    
TOV         -2.475e-02  6.118e-02  -0.405   0.6859    
STL         -1.992e-01  9.181e-02  -2.169   0.0303 *  
BLK         -5.576e-02  8.782e-02  -0.635   0.5256    
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 185.5 on 825 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.8992,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.8981 
F-statistic: 817.3 on 9 and 825 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

F. Yes, model Pointsrec indicates that blk plot is not significant at 5% significance.

# Sum of Squared Errors
PointsReg$residuals
           1            2            3            4            5            6 
  38.5722713  142.8720040  -92.8957180   -8.3913473 -258.4705615  171.4608325 
           7            8            9           10           11           12 
 150.4081623  169.3811429   40.7756197  -75.3256614  444.9088743   94.3864704 
          13           14           15           16           17           18 
-205.6809050  113.5969040   64.1993998  -76.5711999  249.4888007   28.0363236 
          19           20           21           22           23           24 
 329.4487991   96.3248342  349.2067913 -284.3765225  196.1611379  198.2493104 
          25           26           27           28           29           30 
 445.4100295   93.8946072 -316.2962802 -166.1909668   -5.8446359  211.2301997 
          31           32           33           34           35           36 
 155.7426615  -23.9248929  -77.9070033  218.9449693  164.1368602 -177.6479438 
          37           38           39           40           41           42 
  66.9205988  162.7892553   23.5961895   93.9839603  185.7015113  -50.2507837 
          43           44           45           46           47           48 
 -90.1181969  139.6866673 -231.1772776  111.2200135  185.9069491  210.6753018 
          49           50           51           52           53           54 
 -47.9420913 -257.8213675  225.7399197   70.4925628  432.6468031  187.4169561 
          55           56           57           58           59           60 
 -34.3947653  112.9305359  334.4717296  222.4169937   17.6755711  165.4512882 
          61           62           63           64           65           66 
 207.9970351   56.8277093  214.6051983  -23.0235142  341.7509536  -48.3807695 
          67           68           69           70           71           72 
 304.9203623  -36.7878762  -31.0357805   61.8847883 -153.0322403  121.7423324 
          73           74           75           76           77           78 
 -61.1581185  -47.9906548 -120.3599484  245.7621368 -264.3876116  161.1110819 
          79           80           81           82           83           84 
  87.3192423  426.2098591   -4.7790973  126.8613801  -97.5009340  329.9773912 
          85           86           87           88           89           90 
 -16.2338716    7.8513505  191.9280982   87.0090318 -142.5397602 -216.2264974 
          91           92           93           94           95           96 
-199.6293933   71.0810742  257.3751407 -227.1203824  -61.4866232   71.3329444 
          97           98           99          100          101          102 
-233.2637272  -34.7860771   84.9503466  108.6553543  -84.8168235  -90.0423121 
         103          104          105          106          107          108 
 341.2144522   52.8507112   47.8978397  181.0574099  160.7203318  237.0174702 
         109          110          111          112          113          114 
 314.9609845   51.9650831  300.2035074 -148.0931149  -13.3592416 -161.6184704 
         115          116          117          118          119          120 
  82.1172789  277.6080699  233.4334153 -225.7299932   69.0259972   37.3407430 
         121          122          123          124          125          126 
  18.2709681  121.8125335  217.9464858  -74.8210467   36.2611001  356.2366230 
         127          128          129          130          131          132 
 439.4127892  111.0266627   72.1377278   -6.1141295  331.6249450 -158.3642350 
         133          134          135          136          137          138 
  94.9048994  151.3242943 -284.7768411 -184.0287416 -103.9972773   54.1758237 
         139          140          141          142          143          144 
 139.3176593  125.3796164  -71.4407602   83.4742245 -131.6383234  -33.5752771 
         145          146          147          148          149          150 
  98.9460909  -59.8760139 -116.6711077 -110.4055752  290.8888709   38.5758792 
         151          152          153          154          155          156 
  -6.8265554 -284.8106013  149.5419209 -185.9270381  -13.5712897  -90.2301662 
         157          158          159          160          161          162 
  21.0080300   14.5295957 -346.4091267  -54.7198161   87.6823846  203.7903006 
         163          164          165          166          167          168 
 -30.7131853 -153.9699795  194.6791232 -357.4466727  133.8696823  -21.6271760 
         169          170          171          172          173          174 
-220.4987354 -153.7269937 -383.7168614  212.2104185 -100.3118791  -30.5085767 
         175          176          177          178          179          180 
 -57.7910608  205.9463003 -124.1358862  -61.2169391  -93.9538879 -135.6180284 
         181          182          183          184          185          186 
  69.1245169 -435.5355494  -47.8153585  115.1051439  222.5411686  104.6516380 
         187          188          189          190          191          192 
   7.8335700  178.0759383 -185.3383423  122.0537263  -29.4729351   27.1344203 
         193          194          195          196          197          198 
 189.2078833 -429.5919872   57.2397301 -170.2701567  -14.0836520   21.0147294 
         199          200          201          202          203          204 
  49.6548689 -127.4633821  -87.4084020  -77.6940715 -155.2913076    8.4930328 
         205          206          207          208          209          210 
-232.7210528   35.3384277  151.1394532  119.4563308 -416.3088878  134.8599211 
         211          212          213          214          215          216 
  33.3825347   48.4541197 -269.8021487  214.9045443   88.1318416  -24.0318730 
         217          218          219          220          221          222 
 188.2281015 -249.1537666  157.9872056 -146.6803006   72.9077663   31.1747176 
         223          224          225          226          227          228 
 337.2185582   69.7227713   -2.7440511  -55.2845827  -84.6255409 -151.4858821 
         229          230          231          232          233          234 
 234.7432200 -165.3909069 -172.9288404  386.6402387   34.4884530 -368.0387956 
         235          236          237          238          239          240 
 304.8349400 -173.0591889  168.9365987 -327.6509605   95.0370278  -75.5698743 
         241          242          243          244          245          246 
 -74.9702316  290.0371682  -21.8628806   72.5362398 -144.3565453  -44.7765529 
         247          248          249          250          251          252 
-155.4752429 -114.0232742   82.8841506 -306.5759686  256.9630856   75.4312937 
         253          254          255          256          257          258 
-108.9852622 -160.6985087   -1.0708625  389.4834173   48.4039145 -173.2376267 
         259          260          261          262          263          264 
 102.4859575  564.7127452 -135.6781765  435.5847710 -238.8763852   93.4120332 
         265          266          267          268          269          270 
-346.4790813   84.2266238  124.2627684  157.9013909   90.9742388 -319.7738668 
         271          272          273          274          275          276 
 111.6330940 -136.0189613  179.6895020 -139.8481361  -60.2214721   21.1448936 
         277          278          279          280          281          282 
-102.4930752   87.4261255   -2.2833983  -33.1839059 -313.4181662   -9.7903234 
         283          284          285          286          287          288 
 365.0041757 -170.9089658 -203.2682115  -59.0783300  344.4592952 -177.2934555 
         289          290          291          292          293          294 
 278.4424923   31.1539516  -19.4217087  146.9309508   49.6437593  323.4485389 
         295          296          297          298          299          300 
  47.1034178    3.9718411 -111.0589062  -40.0036081  187.1994351  134.5701059 
         301          302          303          304          305          306 
-130.3795390  227.3624370   16.4481298  -91.2556101  215.9887998   70.7747666 
         307          308          309          310          311          312 
  50.5357552  -86.7616664   66.3006293  348.5847817   69.7928527 -144.9174008 
         313          314          315          316          317          318 
  48.2485248  262.5189212  -11.0182067  276.2567984   40.2609782 -235.0009787 
         319          320          321          322          323          324 
  91.8230888  -36.7029055   66.1862316  127.1446887   34.6306466  -89.1508242 
         325          326          327          328          329          330 
 -38.0350890   74.6959695  -24.6713632 -139.6322463  120.5781319 -256.3194253 
         331          332          333          334          335          336 
  35.3325803 -238.1863124  204.2701943 -231.4333870 -242.0178081   27.3589769 
         337          338          339          340          341          342 
 442.7697537  -90.3428846 -252.6536092   31.2460678  -24.0030042 -113.6697991 
         343          344          345          346          347          348 
  74.2030422  -63.3601223   13.1314540  -58.4065092   16.5093336  -26.4233092 
         349          350          351          352          353          354 
 -49.9197611  102.5295504 -276.0762358 -171.2605451  235.4118705 -295.3696087 
         355          356          357          358          359          360 
-259.1915277 -209.8493128  -60.3803252   40.8738668 -162.3559100   -3.1584146 
         361          362          363          364          365          366 
-252.6683460 -359.6072976  219.8480950  107.9177034 -228.4285961   77.5838841 
         367          368          369          370          371          372 
  77.6092501  176.9728823   21.0277939  225.7947949   90.6177409  -95.0387148 
         373          374          375          376          377          378 
 243.8004275   63.7765295 -135.7112041  127.9942080  208.5134149 -226.2507886 
         379          380          381          382          383          384 
 -27.4427262  215.5791874   70.0554598 -220.3324085 -252.5213694 -117.0224660 
         385          386          387          388          389          390 
  36.9146043  188.5932206  -12.6241171   24.1401960   39.4113815  130.8261623 
         391          392          393          394          395          396 
 194.8028770  140.1603242  100.4917058  367.8120506  -77.1138759  190.1907177 
         397          398          399          400          401          402 
 430.4505906  243.1092461 -220.7690501 -135.3500281  182.9169784   58.1314347 
         403          404          405          406          407          408 
 -10.3705665  134.0505987  333.4363828  110.9704334   37.1431301  188.8559358 
         409          410          411          412          413          414 
 -88.4445131 -165.3268990  148.8624801   -4.7914163 -114.6045335  -90.1562962 
         415          416          417          418          419          420 
 -65.1353805    9.9207366  -20.2393315  147.7163583  153.4474395   95.5889698 
         421          422          423          424          425          426 
-329.6439893  323.3019593  345.3838501 -148.5288812  166.9648145  277.3541861 
         427          428          429          430          431          432 
 162.6383840  -78.9033000 -176.7932426  365.3962572  132.7242544   85.6582953 
         433          434          435          436          437          438 
 -19.3417988   95.4767236 -102.8199452  111.8183778  299.2808339 -124.0889739 
         439          440          441          442          443          444 
 -37.3805041  118.5055640   38.2173450 -122.8141423  -84.3447659  154.5643586 
         445          446          447          448          449          450 
  42.6355711   54.7178397  102.9846564   32.6861086  112.7943954 -163.3563028 
         451          452          453          454          455          456 
 150.7521084  217.5877806  -96.7133626   13.7243484  -33.1690450 -112.2550008 
         457          458          459          460          461          462 
 -15.7083565 -224.4198990   18.2593593 -393.0403979   49.2945267   52.0947949 
         463          464          465          466          467          468 
  43.2496203 -149.1223107   75.6856970  170.8878792 -257.6364448   51.6854016 
         469          470          471          472          473          474 
  11.8121415 -176.9048352 -149.5317630  -64.1990241  -71.3105611 -317.9190063 
         475          476          477          478          479          480 
 -65.8451642   97.8497015 -103.1692986    3.0848318 -104.6823532 -234.7534874 
         481          482          483          484          485          486 
  50.5295490  -75.4835788 -526.1468848 -393.9784124 -360.8366411  116.7193515 
         487          488          489          490          491          492 
-321.3756304  -28.1090479 -508.3250405  -39.9958738   67.9854387  -97.4641720 
         493          494          495          496          497          498 
-268.8364479  -26.0249946  188.1881640 -127.9366821  -86.3440758  133.8144538 
         499          500          501          502          503          504 
  29.4480488 -292.9821609 -124.9408024  101.3655240 -186.5181083  -63.5389375 
         505          506          507          508          509          510 
-212.2015589 -323.1476886 -125.6610320   56.9083106  -39.0559074   -1.9339391 
         511          512          513          514          515          516 
-319.9727619 -433.1243358 -431.1346590  -95.8909016  120.6089792 -409.7409083 
         517          518          519          520          521          522 
-352.9341830 -527.3988939  110.6694955 -193.5043557  -92.6385367 -143.5858243 
         523          524          525          526          527          528 
-189.7838251  172.1977457  -80.8020663 -342.9141699  124.8700974 -226.9524006 
         529          530          531          532          533          534 
 -73.5173798 -388.4868649   82.9536394  -96.7444961 -114.0835553   60.0566113 
         535          536          537          538          539          540 
-332.3804023 -175.5276633 -338.7116370 -148.1422366  -45.2258816 -270.5159099 
         541          542          543          544          545          546 
-159.8389177 -420.4637398 -133.0466450  183.8988039 -267.0297916   -5.2562902 
         547          548          549          550          551          552 
-228.0471046  -11.6818058 -255.6786897   -7.7244412 -115.5357863 -298.4118693 
         553          554          555          556          557          558 
-122.2961876   90.2924072  111.3930340 -245.4519945 -164.6445508  -29.3651223 
         559          560          561          562          563          564 
 -41.9781581   33.4260937   15.1663563  -29.4557965   44.0659204  247.9836928 
         565          566          567          568          569          570 
 -57.4318280 -238.6989443   -8.7249850   30.9454288 -343.6175905 -207.4418486 
         571          572          573          574          575          576 
-306.4223254  157.4538406 -502.4785715 -126.1415717   48.8616098  143.9835801 
         577          578          579          580          581          582 
-344.7694076 -116.5012114 -142.7898454 -127.9612584 -226.7659179   67.1679765 
         583          584          585          586          587          588 
 -94.0443422 -326.2414346  -84.6517620    4.5942017  -89.9757406  -97.0958454 
         589          590          591          592          593          594 
 -34.6927947   40.9701699  -88.3066869  126.5679875 -128.7529512 -166.6757304 
         595          596          597          598          599          600 
-208.2444446 -105.4053449  -69.9961388 -104.0297252 -475.1678378 -290.6421238 
         601          602          603          604          605          606 
 195.4801727 -116.0865727 -136.0505114 -118.3811054  125.8235124 -145.2484421 
         607          608          609          610          611          612 
-144.5655628 -435.6270621 -230.6201428 -112.7403208 -243.8883351   13.9124625 
         613          614          615          616          617          618 
-392.1393056 -233.5727670   88.6125994 -203.7574893 -207.3393547   36.7326516 
         619          620          621          622          623          624 
  71.7237279 -110.6124268 -151.5524839   95.2365977 -227.3589026  -98.5962165 
         625          626          627          628          629          630 
-210.8715081  -53.6787512   33.2644764 -380.2334407 -217.0512157 -135.7283167 
         631          632          633          634          635          636 
 208.5947156 -198.2473902 -147.6362401 -282.5390059  -55.4726214    3.0618526 
         637          638          639          640          641          642 
-118.7764165  -15.9756605    1.5396468    2.2068206  -78.5559489   20.5194552 
         643          644          645          646          647          648 
-376.9064555 -367.5790965   78.4730898   88.0528050 -178.9859105  283.6342652 
         649          650          651          652          653          654 
  18.0639226    1.4275017  -22.1910648  334.1581029  -44.6704981 -166.2133428 
         655          656          657          658          659          660 
-112.8182784  175.7515262   60.9355144 -331.2815975 -175.1322112   34.9727118 
         661          662          663          664          665          666 
 430.8913232 -260.7815266  -99.5985786 -306.5331420 -144.2463445  -71.9561309 
         667          668          669          670          671          672 
  40.4095734   -9.9170555    9.7141807   72.8730721  -61.2840291  -51.9936086 
         673          674          675          676          677          678 
-452.8596863  -81.9437393   69.2906290  254.7395766  -22.9459505  215.8931262 
         679          680          681          682          683          684 
 -16.9537293 -107.9068394  202.3017464  287.5765859  180.7757394 -305.5932029 
         685          686          687          688          689          690 
  56.2240459    4.5320328  -44.0648823 -278.0391307  -13.3280981 -112.7276708 
         691          692          693          694          695          696 
 422.1750569 -131.0023955   51.4971549  -86.9745423   28.8396258 -107.9302127 
         697          698          699          700          701          702 
 -55.3683153  -16.7225380   60.3453436    3.3520616  140.9429255  -17.9219329 
         703          704          705          706          707          708 
-296.8381962  136.2394242  106.7244264  168.2861008   26.7860625  339.8954937 
         709          710          711          712          713          714 
 187.8922770 -202.6392008  148.7995083  268.8921528    0.6597544 -119.2916116 
         715          716          717          718          719          720 
 -23.0549542  -28.1758366  206.7679556 -138.5838793 -210.7824121  -29.6626073 
         721          722          723          724          725          726 
 210.3268820 -212.8798945   88.1962039  129.1032851   11.9530477 -166.3796048 
         727          728          729          730          731          732 
-372.3297260   67.5130804    1.7122210 -179.0745146  -28.4404659  151.2765881 
         733          734          735          736          737          738 
-425.3360446  344.3671825  -47.2592021  136.9801455   63.4427397  203.2044716 
         739          740          741          742          743          744 
  27.7908779  251.4279736   84.5817590 -155.6577645  150.3787715  138.7921016 
         745          746          747          748          749          750 
 198.4699948  101.8590582  345.8144412   35.1336113  169.1641149  354.9998851 
         751          752          753          754          755          756 
 251.7571721   47.8412497   77.9677328   66.2799291  216.7990909  155.1577399 
         757          758          759          760          761          762 
-131.2437994  230.2449071  218.7156645  116.0349148  -78.5937100  -23.1321308 
         763          764          765          766          767          768 
  99.7713990  280.2227149   40.8527845   19.4188914   72.9388151  120.7266716 
         769          770          771          772          773          774 
 439.1035137  456.0100354   47.3239201  186.1096824   31.7505381  -54.0912550 
         775          776          777          778          779          780 
  73.0035369  234.4761589   27.9146721  -21.6493313  -75.0167664  148.4251726 
         781          782          783          784          785          786 
 106.3308316   76.0196340   37.3592068   56.5562663  -41.8917486 -200.7598142 
         787          788          789          790          791          792 
 -55.5159544  109.1518868  321.3239680  219.8866600  -73.6034103    3.1961900 
         793          794          795          796          797          798 
-171.1408177  190.8979178  101.1845265  253.1734885  263.7840087  199.5924560 
         799          800          801          802          803          804 
 463.8379676  219.1540922   52.3032317  140.7498122  195.8267787  -55.3103142 
         805          806          807          808          809          810 
 153.8564182   61.1275837   92.8158603 -108.8302808   73.3423661 -360.6001538 
         811          812          813          814          815          816 
 134.1518035   73.3435884  141.0017271  272.8259956  -33.1611977   19.7818711 
         817          818          819          820          821          822 
-149.9998706  190.0065593  261.3992751  308.7602526 -135.4172110  108.2677094 
         823          824          825          826          827          828 
-171.3410196  102.4439076  156.0829202  210.0521687  109.4908936  -20.5354175 
         829          830          831          832          833          834 
  59.2845716  175.9235274   30.6531825  262.6728011   70.0671862  -17.5789419 
         835 
  -8.3393046 
SSE = sum(PointsReg$residuals^2)
SSE
[1] 28394314
# Average number of points in a season
mean(NBA$PTS)
[1] 8370.24
# Remove insignifcant variables
summary(PointsReg)

Call:
lm(formula = PTS ~ X2PA + X3PA + FTA + AST + ORB + DRB + TOV + 
    STL + BLK, data = NBA)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-527.40 -119.83    7.83  120.67  564.71 

Coefficients:
              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) -2.051e+03  2.035e+02 -10.078   <2e-16 ***
X2PA         1.043e+00  2.957e-02  35.274   <2e-16 ***
X3PA         1.259e+00  3.843e-02  32.747   <2e-16 ***
FTA          1.128e+00  3.373e-02  33.440   <2e-16 ***
AST          8.858e-01  4.396e-02  20.150   <2e-16 ***
ORB         -9.554e-01  7.792e-02 -12.261   <2e-16 ***
DRB          3.883e-02  6.157e-02   0.631   0.5285    
TOV         -2.475e-02  6.118e-02  -0.405   0.6859    
STL         -1.992e-01  9.181e-02  -2.169   0.0303 *  
BLK         -5.576e-02  8.782e-02  -0.635   0.5256    
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 185.5 on 825 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.8992,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.8981 
F-statistic: 817.3 on 9 and 825 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
max(NBA$PTS)
[1] 10371

This is the difference between observed and predicted values.

PointsReg2 = lm(PTS ~ X2PA + X3PA + FTA + AST + ORB + DRB + STL + BLK, data=NBA)
summary(PointsReg2)

Call:
lm(formula = PTS ~ X2PA + X3PA + FTA + AST + ORB + DRB + STL + 
    BLK, data = NBA)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-526.79 -121.09    6.37  120.74  565.94 

Coefficients:
              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) -2.077e+03  1.931e+02 -10.755   <2e-16 ***
X2PA         1.044e+00  2.951e-02  35.366   <2e-16 ***
X3PA         1.263e+00  3.703e-02  34.099   <2e-16 ***
FTA          1.125e+00  3.308e-02  34.023   <2e-16 ***
AST          8.861e-01  4.393e-02  20.173   <2e-16 ***
ORB         -9.581e-01  7.758e-02 -12.350   <2e-16 ***
DRB          3.892e-02  6.154e-02   0.632   0.5273    
STL         -2.068e-01  8.984e-02  -2.301   0.0216 *  
BLK         -5.863e-02  8.749e-02  -0.670   0.5029    
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 185.4 on 826 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.8991,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.8982 
F-statistic: 920.4 on 8 and 826 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
PointsReg3 = lm(PTS ~ X2PA + X3PA + FTA + AST + ORB + STL + BLK, data=NBA)
summary(PointsReg3)

Call:
lm(formula = PTS ~ X2PA + X3PA + FTA + AST + ORB + STL + BLK, 
    data = NBA)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-523.79 -121.64    6.07  120.81  573.64 

Coefficients:
              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) -2.015e+03  1.670e+02 -12.068  < 2e-16 ***
X2PA         1.048e+00  2.852e-02  36.753  < 2e-16 ***
X3PA         1.271e+00  3.475e-02  36.568  < 2e-16 ***
FTA          1.128e+00  3.270e-02  34.506  < 2e-16 ***
AST          8.909e-01  4.326e-02  20.597  < 2e-16 ***
ORB         -9.702e-01  7.519e-02 -12.903  < 2e-16 ***
STL         -2.276e-01  8.356e-02  -2.724  0.00659 ** 
BLK         -3.882e-02  8.165e-02  -0.475  0.63462    
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 185.4 on 827 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.8991,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.8982 
F-statistic:  1053 on 7 and 827 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
PointsReg4 = lm(PTS ~ X2PA + X3PA + FTA + AST + ORB + STL, data=NBA)
summary(PointsReg4)

Call:
lm(formula = PTS ~ X2PA + X3PA + FTA + AST + ORB + STL, data = NBA)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-523.33 -122.02    6.93  120.68  568.26 

Coefficients:
              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) -2.033e+03  1.629e+02 -12.475  < 2e-16 ***
X2PA         1.050e+00  2.829e-02  37.117  < 2e-16 ***
X3PA         1.273e+00  3.441e-02  37.001  < 2e-16 ***
FTA          1.127e+00  3.260e-02  34.581  < 2e-16 ***
AST          8.884e-01  4.292e-02  20.701  < 2e-16 ***
ORB         -9.743e-01  7.465e-02 -13.051  < 2e-16 ***
STL         -2.268e-01  8.350e-02  -2.717  0.00673 ** 
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 185.3 on 828 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.8991,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.8983 
F-statistic:  1229 on 6 and 828 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# Compute SSE and RMSE for new model
SSE_4 = sum(PointsReg4$residuals^2)
RMSE_4 = sqrt(SSE_4/nrow(NBA))
SSE_4
[1] 28421465
RMSE_4
[1] 184.493
# VIDEO 4

# Read in test set
NBA_test = read.csv("NBA_test.csv")
# Compute out-of-sample R^2
SSE = sum((PointsPredictions - NBA_test$PTS)^2)
SST = sum((mean(NBA$PTS) - NBA_test$PTS)^2)
R2 = 1 - SSE/SST
R2
[1] 0.8127142
# Compute the RMSE
RMSE = sqrt(SSE/nrow(NBA_test))
RMSE 
[1] 196.3723

Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 4.100e+01 1.059e-01 387.0 <2e-16 PTSdiff 3.259e-02 2.793e-04 116.7 <2e-16

Activity 13

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