CARGA DE DATOS Y LIBRERÍAS

library(dplyr)
## 
## Adjuntando el paquete: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(gt)
library(knitr)
datos <- read.csv("C:/Users/arian/OneDrive/Documentos/Universidad/3er SEMESTRE/estadistica/2026/datos/dataset_geologico_limpio_80.csv")
cat("Dimensiones:", nrow(datos), "observaciones:", ncol(datos), "variables\n\n")
## Dimensiones: 27784 observaciones: 58 variables
# Extraer variable
dispM_raw <- datos$DEVICE
print("Primeros valores de DEVICE:")
## [1] "Primeros valores de DEVICE:"
print(head(dispM_raw))
## [1] "DIGBY DREDGE"         "1 METER PLANKTON NET" "DIGBY DREDGE"        
## [4] "DIGBY DREDGE"         "DIGBY DREDGE"         "DIGBY DREDGE"
dispM <- na.omit(dispM_raw)
summary(dispM)
##    Length  N.unique   N.blank Min.nchar Max.nchar 
##     27783       143       297         0        52
n <- length(dispM)
print(paste("Número de observaciones válidas (n):", n))
## [1] "Número de observaciones válidas (n): 27783"

TABLA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE PROBABILIDAD

Tabla de Distribucion de Probabilidad

# Frecuencia absoluta
ni <- table(dispM)

# Frecuencia relativa (hi)
hi <- prop.table(ni) * 100

# Probabilidad (p)
p <- hi

# Crear tabla con ni, hi y p
TablaProb_DEVICE <- data.frame(
  Device = names(ni),
  ni = as.numeric(ni),
  hi = round(as.numeric(hi), 6),
  p = round(as.numeric(p), 6)
)

# Agregar fila TOTAL
TablaProb_DEVICE[nrow(TablaProb_DEVICE) + 1, ] <- 
  c("TOTAL", sum(ni), sum(hi), sum(p))

TablaProb_DEVICE
##                                                   Device    ni        hi
## 1                                                          297  1.068999
## 2                                         1-METER DREDGE    58  0.208761
## 3                                   1 METER PLANKTON NET     2  0.007199
## 4                                 3/4 METER PLANKTON NET    26  0.093582
## 5                               35MM STEREO CAMERA+DREDG     1  0.003599
## 6                                          ANCHOR DREDGE    19  0.068387
## 7                                          ANCHOR FLUKES     1  0.003599
## 8                                          ANCHOR SAMPLE     1  0.003599
## 9                                       BIG SEABOSS GRAB   302  1.086996
## 10                                           BLAKE TRAWL     1  0.003599
## 11                                       BOOMERANG CORER    15   0.05399
## 12                               BOT DRIFTER SALINOMETER     2  0.007199
## 13                                        BOTTOM DRIFTER     1  0.003599
## 14                                    BOTTOM DRIFTER BUG     2  0.007199
## 15                                        BOTTOM SKIMMER     5  0.017997
## 16                                              BOX CORE   262  0.943023
## 17                                           BOX SAMPLER     3  0.010798
## 18                              CAM GRAB W/O CAM+PLANK T     2  0.007199
## 19                                           CAMERA SLED    10  0.035993
## 20                               CAMPBELL GRAB W/ CAMERA   544  1.958032
## 21                              CAMPBELL GRAB W/O CAMERA   522  1.878847
## 22                                             CHAIN BAG     2  0.007199
## 23                                      CHAIN BAG DREDGE   238  0.856639
## 24                                 CHAIN BAG+PIPE DREDGE    45   0.16197
## 25                              CHAIN BAG+SM PIPE DREDGE    63  0.226757
## 26                                          CHAIN DREDGE     5  0.017997
## 27                               CORING TUBE IN MECH ARM     1  0.003599
## 28                                                 Craib   100  0.359932
## 29                                           CRAIB CORER   125  0.449915
## 30                                           D-L SNAPPER     1  0.003599
## 31                                  D-L SNAPPER + DREDGE     1  0.003599
## 32                                D-L SNAPPER + GRAV COR     4  0.014397
## 33                                          DIETZ-LAFOND     7  0.025195
## 34                                     DIETZ-LAFOND GRAB    10  0.035993
## 35                                  DIETZ-LAFOND SNAPPER   242  0.871036
## 36                                          DIGBY DREDGE    26  0.093582
## 37                              DIGBY DREDGE W/ CNVS BAG     2  0.007199
## 38                                                 DIVER     5  0.017997
## 39                                           DIVER GRABS    44   0.15837
## 40                                       DIVER PUSH CORE    12  0.043192
## 41                                           diver, hand    27  0.097182
## 42                                       DIVERS, BY HAND     2  0.007199
## 43                                           DRAG DREDGE     1  0.003599
## 44                                                DREDGE     5  0.017997
## 45                                            DRILL CORE     9  0.032394
## 46                                             DRILL RIG     1  0.003599
## 47                                          DRILLED CORE    20  0.071986
## 48                                        Drilled Sample    20  0.071986
## 49                                        DRILLED SAMPLE   455  1.637692
## 50                                       EDGERTON CAMERA    11  0.039593
## 51                                           EPA VANVEEN    74   0.26635
## 52                                      GOS ANCHOR CHAIN     1  0.003599
## 53                                                  Grab    24  0.086384
## 54                                                  GRAB   181  0.651478
## 55                                          GRAB SAMPLER   967  3.480546
## 56                                        GRAPPLING HOOK     1  0.003599
## 57                                          Gravity Core    12  0.043192
## 58                                          GRAVITY CORE    82  0.295145
## 59                                         GRAVITY CORER  1302  4.686319
## 60                                                  hand    34  0.122377
## 61                                           Hand Sample    76  0.273549
## 62                                           HAND SAMPLE   320  1.151783
## 63                                      HYDROSTATIC CORE   192   0.69107
## 64                                     Hydrostatic CORER    10  0.035993
## 65                                     HYDROSTATIC CORER  1999  7.195047
## 66                                              IKU GRAB     2  0.007199
## 67                    InterOcean SEABOSS (Osprey Config)   350  1.259763
## 68                                       JAPANESE DREDGE     3  0.010798
## 69                              M-VV GRAB + D-LF SNAPPER     7  0.025195
## 70                              M-VV GRAB + GRAVITY CORE     2  0.007199
## 71                                 MECH ARM + CORE DRILL     1  0.003599
## 72                                     MECH ARM W/ CORER     8  0.028795
## 73                                   MECH ARM W/ PRY BAR     6  0.021596
## 74                                        MECHANICAL ARM    28  0.100781
## 75                                           metal scoop     3  0.010798
## 76                                           METAL SCOOP    15   0.05399
## 77  MicroSEABOSS (a.k.a SEABOSSpro, a.k.a. GoProSEABOSS)    87  0.313141
## 78                                MID-SIZED SEABOSS GRAB    66  0.237555
## 79                                          MINI-SEABOSS    41  0.147572
## 80                                          MINI SEABOSS   342  1.230969
## 81                                    MINIATURE VAN VEEN    69  0.248353
## 82                             MINIATURE VAN VEEN W/O C.     1  0.003599
## 83                                MODIFIED PIERCE DREDGE    21  0.075586
## 84                                     NATURALIST DREDGE   233  0.838642
## 85                                        NISKIN SAMPLER     1  0.003599
## 86                                                 OTHER   453  1.630493
## 87                                            PAUL CORER     1  0.003599
## 88                                           PIPE DREDGE   158  0.568693
## 89                              PIPE DREDGE AND D-L SNAP     1  0.003599
## 90                                  PIPE DREDGE, 12 INCH    19  0.068387
## 91                                           PISTON CORE   130  0.467912
## 92                                          PISTON CORER  1238  4.455962
## 93                            PISTON SAMPLER (HYDRAULIC)     1  0.003599
## 94                                            PONAR GRAB     6  0.021596
## 95                                         PONAR SAMPLER    74   0.26635
## 96                                           Pulse Auger    84  0.302343
## 97                                           PULSE AUGER    80  0.287946
## 98                                            PUSH CORER    11  0.039593
## 99                              RAKED INTO BASKET W/ ARM     1  0.003599
## 100                                             RING NET    42  0.151172
## 101                                          ROCK DREDGE     4  0.014397
## 102                                        ROCKER DREDGE     5  0.017997
## 103                                         ROTARY CORER    20  0.071986
## 104                                       ROTOSONIC CORE   218  0.784652
## 105                                      ROTOSONIC CORER   242  0.871036
## 106                                        ROV PUSH CORE    35  0.125976
## 107                             SALINOMETER,VANDORN BOTS     1  0.003599
## 108                                       SCALLOP DREDGE    66  0.237555
## 109                                                scoop     6  0.021596
## 110                                           SCOOP FISH     4  0.014397
## 111                                              SEABOSS   127  0.457114
## 112                                        SEABOSS (BIG)   246  0.885434
## 113                                        SEDIMENT TRAP   572  2.058813
## 114                                          SHIPEK GRAB   581  2.091207
## 115                                            SLOW CORE     5  0.017997
## 116                                   SMALL SEABOSS GRAB   311   1.11939
## 117                                       SMALL VAN VEEN    10  0.035993
## 118                             SMITH-MAC+MIN VV, CAMERA     1  0.003599
## 119                                 SMITH-MACINTYRE GRAB   244  0.878235
## 120                            SMITH-MACINTYRE W/ CAMERA   104   0.37433
## 121                           SMITH-MACINTYRE W/O CAMERA   367  1.320952
## 122                             SMITH/MAC AND NISKIN SPL     2  0.007199
## 123                                 SUBMERSIBLE ARM GRAB   496  1.785264
## 124                                   Submersible Sample    17  0.061188
## 125                                   SUBMERSIBLE SAMPLE   176  0.633481
## 126                                        TEFLON SHOVEL    14  0.050391
## 127                                                TRAWL     3  0.010798
## 128                                         TRIGGER CORE     7  0.025195
## 129                                               TROWEL    14  0.050391
## 130                                              UNKNOWN   274  0.986215
## 131                                      USGS Slow Corer    20  0.071986
## 132                                    VAN VEEN AND CORE     5  0.017997
## 133                                        Van Veen grab     7  0.025195
## 134                                        Van Veen Grab  1308  4.707915
## 135                                        VAN VEEN GRAB  7835 28.200698
## 136                                              VANVEEN     6  0.021596
## 137                                            Vibracore    15   0.05399
## 138                                            VIBRACORE  1657  5.964079
## 139                                           VIBRACORER    38  0.136774
## 140                                   VISUAL OBSERVATION    87  0.313141
## 141                                VV GRAB + D-L SNAPPER    14  0.050391
## 142                                      WATER PUMP ONLY     1  0.003599
## 143                             WHOI GIANT GRAVITY CORER   198  0.712666
## 144                                                TOTAL 27783       100
##             p
## 1    1.068999
## 2    0.208761
## 3    0.007199
## 4    0.093582
## 5    0.003599
## 6    0.068387
## 7    0.003599
## 8    0.003599
## 9    1.086996
## 10   0.003599
## 11    0.05399
## 12   0.007199
## 13   0.003599
## 14   0.007199
## 15   0.017997
## 16   0.943023
## 17   0.010798
## 18   0.007199
## 19   0.035993
## 20   1.958032
## 21   1.878847
## 22   0.007199
## 23   0.856639
## 24    0.16197
## 25   0.226757
## 26   0.017997
## 27   0.003599
## 28   0.359932
## 29   0.449915
## 30   0.003599
## 31   0.003599
## 32   0.014397
## 33   0.025195
## 34   0.035993
## 35   0.871036
## 36   0.093582
## 37   0.007199
## 38   0.017997
## 39    0.15837
## 40   0.043192
## 41   0.097182
## 42   0.007199
## 43   0.003599
## 44   0.017997
## 45   0.032394
## 46   0.003599
## 47   0.071986
## 48   0.071986
## 49   1.637692
## 50   0.039593
## 51    0.26635
## 52   0.003599
## 53   0.086384
## 54   0.651478
## 55   3.480546
## 56   0.003599
## 57   0.043192
## 58   0.295145
## 59   4.686319
## 60   0.122377
## 61   0.273549
## 62   1.151783
## 63    0.69107
## 64   0.035993
## 65   7.195047
## 66   0.007199
## 67   1.259763
## 68   0.010798
## 69   0.025195
## 70   0.007199
## 71   0.003599
## 72   0.028795
## 73   0.021596
## 74   0.100781
## 75   0.010798
## 76    0.05399
## 77   0.313141
## 78   0.237555
## 79   0.147572
## 80   1.230969
## 81   0.248353
## 82   0.003599
## 83   0.075586
## 84   0.838642
## 85   0.003599
## 86   1.630493
## 87   0.003599
## 88   0.568693
## 89   0.003599
## 90   0.068387
## 91   0.467912
## 92   4.455962
## 93   0.003599
## 94   0.021596
## 95    0.26635
## 96   0.302343
## 97   0.287946
## 98   0.039593
## 99   0.003599
## 100  0.151172
## 101  0.014397
## 102  0.017997
## 103  0.071986
## 104  0.784652
## 105  0.871036
## 106  0.125976
## 107  0.003599
## 108  0.237555
## 109  0.021596
## 110  0.014397
## 111  0.457114
## 112  0.885434
## 113  2.058813
## 114  2.091207
## 115  0.017997
## 116   1.11939
## 117  0.035993
## 118  0.003599
## 119  0.878235
## 120   0.37433
## 121  1.320952
## 122  0.007199
## 123  1.785264
## 124  0.061188
## 125  0.633481
## 126  0.050391
## 127  0.010798
## 128  0.025195
## 129  0.050391
## 130  0.986215
## 131  0.071986
## 132  0.017997
## 133  0.025195
## 134  4.707915
## 135 28.200698
## 136  0.021596
## 137   0.05399
## 138  5.964079
## 139  0.136774
## 140  0.313141
## 141  0.050391
## 142  0.003599
## 143  0.712666
## 144       100
TablaProb_DEVICE %>%
  gt() %>%
  tab_header(
    title = md("**Tabla Nº1**"),
    subtitle = md("**Distribución de probabilidad simple de la variable DEVICE en depósitos marinos**")
  ) %>%
  tab_source_note(
    source_note = md("**Autor: Grupo 3**")
  ) %>%
  cols_label(
    Device = "Categoría",
    ni = "Frecuencia (ni)",
    hi = "Frecuencia relativa hi (%)",
    p = "Probabilidad p (%)"
  ) %>%
  tab_options(
    table.border.top.color = "black",
    table.border.bottom.color = "black",
    table.border.top.style = "solid",
    table.border.bottom.style = "solid",
    column_labels.border.top.color = "black",
    column_labels.border.bottom.color = "black",
    column_labels.border.bottom.width = px(2),
    row.striping.include_table_body = TRUE,
    heading.border.bottom.color = "black",
    heading.border.bottom.width = px(2),
    table_body.hlines.color = "gray",
    table_body.border.bottom.color = "black"
  ) %>%
  tab_style(
    style = cell_text(weight = "bold"),
    locations = cells_body(
      rows = Device == "TOTAL"
    )
  )
Tabla Nº1
Distribución de probabilidad simple de la variable DEVICE en depósitos marinos
Categoría Frecuencia (ni) Frecuencia relativa hi (%) Probabilidad p (%)
297 1.068999 1.068999
1-METER DREDGE 58 0.208761 0.208761
1 METER PLANKTON NET 2 0.007199 0.007199
3/4 METER PLANKTON NET 26 0.093582 0.093582
35MM STEREO CAMERA+DREDG 1 0.003599 0.003599
ANCHOR DREDGE 19 0.068387 0.068387
ANCHOR FLUKES 1 0.003599 0.003599
ANCHOR SAMPLE 1 0.003599 0.003599
BIG SEABOSS GRAB 302 1.086996 1.086996
BLAKE TRAWL 1 0.003599 0.003599
BOOMERANG CORER 15 0.05399 0.05399
BOT DRIFTER SALINOMETER 2 0.007199 0.007199
BOTTOM DRIFTER 1 0.003599 0.003599
BOTTOM DRIFTER BUG 2 0.007199 0.007199
BOTTOM SKIMMER 5 0.017997 0.017997
BOX CORE 262 0.943023 0.943023
BOX SAMPLER 3 0.010798 0.010798
CAM GRAB W/O CAM+PLANK T 2 0.007199 0.007199
CAMERA SLED 10 0.035993 0.035993
CAMPBELL GRAB W/ CAMERA 544 1.958032 1.958032
CAMPBELL GRAB W/O CAMERA 522 1.878847 1.878847
CHAIN BAG 2 0.007199 0.007199
CHAIN BAG DREDGE 238 0.856639 0.856639
CHAIN BAG+PIPE DREDGE 45 0.16197 0.16197
CHAIN BAG+SM PIPE DREDGE 63 0.226757 0.226757
CHAIN DREDGE 5 0.017997 0.017997
CORING TUBE IN MECH ARM 1 0.003599 0.003599
Craib 100 0.359932 0.359932
CRAIB CORER 125 0.449915 0.449915
D-L SNAPPER 1 0.003599 0.003599
D-L SNAPPER + DREDGE 1 0.003599 0.003599
D-L SNAPPER + GRAV COR 4 0.014397 0.014397
DIETZ-LAFOND 7 0.025195 0.025195
DIETZ-LAFOND GRAB 10 0.035993 0.035993
DIETZ-LAFOND SNAPPER 242 0.871036 0.871036
DIGBY DREDGE 26 0.093582 0.093582
DIGBY DREDGE W/ CNVS BAG 2 0.007199 0.007199
DIVER 5 0.017997 0.017997
DIVER GRABS 44 0.15837 0.15837
DIVER PUSH CORE 12 0.043192 0.043192
diver, hand 27 0.097182 0.097182
DIVERS, BY HAND 2 0.007199 0.007199
DRAG DREDGE 1 0.003599 0.003599
DREDGE 5 0.017997 0.017997
DRILL CORE 9 0.032394 0.032394
DRILL RIG 1 0.003599 0.003599
DRILLED CORE 20 0.071986 0.071986
Drilled Sample 20 0.071986 0.071986
DRILLED SAMPLE 455 1.637692 1.637692
EDGERTON CAMERA 11 0.039593 0.039593
EPA VANVEEN 74 0.26635 0.26635
GOS ANCHOR CHAIN 1 0.003599 0.003599
Grab 24 0.086384 0.086384
GRAB 181 0.651478 0.651478
GRAB SAMPLER 967 3.480546 3.480546
GRAPPLING HOOK 1 0.003599 0.003599
Gravity Core 12 0.043192 0.043192
GRAVITY CORE 82 0.295145 0.295145
GRAVITY CORER 1302 4.686319 4.686319
hand 34 0.122377 0.122377
Hand Sample 76 0.273549 0.273549
HAND SAMPLE 320 1.151783 1.151783
HYDROSTATIC CORE 192 0.69107 0.69107
Hydrostatic CORER 10 0.035993 0.035993
HYDROSTATIC CORER 1999 7.195047 7.195047
IKU GRAB 2 0.007199 0.007199
InterOcean SEABOSS (Osprey Config) 350 1.259763 1.259763
JAPANESE DREDGE 3 0.010798 0.010798
M-VV GRAB + D-LF SNAPPER 7 0.025195 0.025195
M-VV GRAB + GRAVITY CORE 2 0.007199 0.007199
MECH ARM + CORE DRILL 1 0.003599 0.003599
MECH ARM W/ CORER 8 0.028795 0.028795
MECH ARM W/ PRY BAR 6 0.021596 0.021596
MECHANICAL ARM 28 0.100781 0.100781
metal scoop 3 0.010798 0.010798
METAL SCOOP 15 0.05399 0.05399
MicroSEABOSS (a.k.a SEABOSSpro, a.k.a. GoProSEABOSS) 87 0.313141 0.313141
MID-SIZED SEABOSS GRAB 66 0.237555 0.237555
MINI-SEABOSS 41 0.147572 0.147572
MINI SEABOSS 342 1.230969 1.230969
MINIATURE VAN VEEN 69 0.248353 0.248353
MINIATURE VAN VEEN W/O C. 1 0.003599 0.003599
MODIFIED PIERCE DREDGE 21 0.075586 0.075586
NATURALIST DREDGE 233 0.838642 0.838642
NISKIN SAMPLER 1 0.003599 0.003599
OTHER 453 1.630493 1.630493
PAUL CORER 1 0.003599 0.003599
PIPE DREDGE 158 0.568693 0.568693
PIPE DREDGE AND D-L SNAP 1 0.003599 0.003599
PIPE DREDGE, 12 INCH 19 0.068387 0.068387
PISTON CORE 130 0.467912 0.467912
PISTON CORER 1238 4.455962 4.455962
PISTON SAMPLER (HYDRAULIC) 1 0.003599 0.003599
PONAR GRAB 6 0.021596 0.021596
PONAR SAMPLER 74 0.26635 0.26635
Pulse Auger 84 0.302343 0.302343
PULSE AUGER 80 0.287946 0.287946
PUSH CORER 11 0.039593 0.039593
RAKED INTO BASKET W/ ARM 1 0.003599 0.003599
RING NET 42 0.151172 0.151172
ROCK DREDGE 4 0.014397 0.014397
ROCKER DREDGE 5 0.017997 0.017997
ROTARY CORER 20 0.071986 0.071986
ROTOSONIC CORE 218 0.784652 0.784652
ROTOSONIC CORER 242 0.871036 0.871036
ROV PUSH CORE 35 0.125976 0.125976
SALINOMETER,VANDORN BOTS 1 0.003599 0.003599
SCALLOP DREDGE 66 0.237555 0.237555
scoop 6 0.021596 0.021596
SCOOP FISH 4 0.014397 0.014397
SEABOSS 127 0.457114 0.457114
SEABOSS (BIG) 246 0.885434 0.885434
SEDIMENT TRAP 572 2.058813 2.058813
SHIPEK GRAB 581 2.091207 2.091207
SLOW CORE 5 0.017997 0.017997
SMALL SEABOSS GRAB 311 1.11939 1.11939
SMALL VAN VEEN 10 0.035993 0.035993
SMITH-MAC+MIN VV, CAMERA 1 0.003599 0.003599
SMITH-MACINTYRE GRAB 244 0.878235 0.878235
SMITH-MACINTYRE W/ CAMERA 104 0.37433 0.37433
SMITH-MACINTYRE W/O CAMERA 367 1.320952 1.320952
SMITH/MAC AND NISKIN SPL 2 0.007199 0.007199
SUBMERSIBLE ARM GRAB 496 1.785264 1.785264
Submersible Sample 17 0.061188 0.061188
SUBMERSIBLE SAMPLE 176 0.633481 0.633481
TEFLON SHOVEL 14 0.050391 0.050391
TRAWL 3 0.010798 0.010798
TRIGGER CORE 7 0.025195 0.025195
TROWEL 14 0.050391 0.050391
UNKNOWN 274 0.986215 0.986215
USGS Slow Corer 20 0.071986 0.071986
VAN VEEN AND CORE 5 0.017997 0.017997
Van Veen grab 7 0.025195 0.025195
Van Veen Grab 1308 4.707915 4.707915
VAN VEEN GRAB 7835 28.200698 28.200698
VANVEEN 6 0.021596 0.021596
Vibracore 15 0.05399 0.05399
VIBRACORE 1657 5.964079 5.964079
VIBRACORER 38 0.136774 0.136774
VISUAL OBSERVATION 87 0.313141 0.313141
VV GRAB + D-L SNAPPER 14 0.050391 0.050391
WATER PUMP ONLY 1 0.003599 0.003599
WHOI GIANT GRAVITY CORER 198 0.712666 0.712666
TOTAL 27783 100 100
Autor: Grupo 3

TABLA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE PROBABILIDAD AGRUPADA

Tabla de Distribucion de Probabilidad por Agrupación Debido a que la variable presenta numerosos tipos de dispositivos, se decidió agruparlos por categorías de muestreo

cat("TABLA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE PROBABILIDAD AGRUPADA\n")
## TABLA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE PROBABILIDAD AGRUPADA
device_grupo <- ifelse(grepl("grab|van veen|seaboss|ponar|smith|craib", dispM, ignore.case = TRUE),
                       "Pinzas de Sedimento",
                       ifelse(grepl("core|corer|vibracore|piston|gravity|rotosonic", dispM, ignore.case = TRUE),
                              "Extracción de Núcleos",
                              ifelse(grepl("dredge", dispM, ignore.case = TRUE),
                                     "Dragado",
                                     ifelse(grepl("net|trawl", dispM, ignore.case = TRUE),
                                            "Redes",
                                            ifelse(grepl("drill|auger", dispM, ignore.case = TRUE),
                                                   "Perforación",
                                                   ifelse(grepl("submersible|rov|diver", dispM, ignore.case = TRUE),
                                                          "Sumergible",
                                                          ifelse(grepl("camera|visual", dispM, ignore.case = TRUE),
                                                                 "Observación/Cámara",
                                                                 ifelse(grepl("hand|scoop|shovel|trowel", dispM, ignore.case = TRUE),
                                                                        "Muestreo Manual",
                                                                        ifelse(grepl("pump|niskin|salinometer", dispM, ignore.case = TRUE),
                                                                               "Muestreo Químico",
                                                                               "Otros")))))))))

# Frecuencia absoluta
ni_device <- table(device_grupo)

# Frecuencia relativa (hi)
hi_device <- prop.table(ni_device) * 100

# Probabilidad (p)
p_device <- hi_device

# Tabla agrupada con ni, hi y p
tabla_device <- data.frame(
  Device = names(ni_device),
  ni = as.numeric(ni_device),
  hi = round(as.numeric(hi_device)),
  P = round(as.numeric(p_device))
)

# Agregar fila TOTAL
tabla_device[nrow(tabla_device) + 1, ] <- c(
  "TOTAL",
  sum(tabla_device$ni),
  sum(tabla_device$hi),
  sum(tabla_device$P)
)

tabla_device
##                   Device    ni  hi   P
## 1                Dragado   973   4   4
## 2  Extracción de Núcleos  7760  28  28
## 3        Muestreo Manual   486   2   2
## 4       Muestreo Químico     5   0   0
## 5     Observación/Cámara   109   0   0
## 6                  Otros  1983   7   7
## 7            Perforación   640   2   2
## 8    Pinzas de Sedimento 15526  56  56
## 9                  Redes    74   0   0
## 10            Sumergible   227   1   1
## 11                 TOTAL 27783 100 100
tabla_device %>%
  gt() %>%
  tab_header(
    title = md("**Tabla Nº2**"),
    subtitle = md("**Distribución de probabilidad agrupada de la variable DEVICE**")
  ) %>%
  tab_source_note(
    source_note = md("**Autor: Grupo 3**")
  ) %>%
  cols_label(
    Device = "Tipo de dispositivo",
    ni = "Frecuencia (ni)",
    hi = "Frecuencia relativa hi (%)",
    P = "Probabilidad P (%)"
  ) %>%
  tab_options(
    table.border.top.color = "black",
    table.border.bottom.color = "black",
    table.border.top.style = "solid",
    table.border.bottom.style = "solid",
    column_labels.border.top.color = "black",
    column_labels.border.bottom.color = "black",
    column_labels.border.bottom.width = px(2),
    row.striping.include_table_body = TRUE,
    heading.border.bottom.color = "black",
    heading.border.bottom.width = px(2),
    table_body.hlines.color = "gray",
    table_body.border.bottom.color = "black"
  ) %>%
  tab_style(
    style = cell_text(weight = "bold"),
    locations = cells_body(
      rows = Device == "TOTAL"
    )
  )
Tabla Nº2
Distribución de probabilidad agrupada de la variable DEVICE
Tipo de dispositivo Frecuencia (ni) Frecuencia relativa hi (%) Probabilidad P (%)
Dragado 973 4 4
Extracción de Núcleos 7760 28 28
Muestreo Manual 486 2 2
Muestreo Químico 5 0 0
Observación/Cámara 109 0 0
Otros 1983 7 7
Perforación 640 2 2
Pinzas de Sedimento 15526 56 56
Redes 74 0 0
Sumergible 227 1 1
TOTAL 27783 100 100
Autor: Grupo 3

GRÁFICAS DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE PROBABILIDAD

# Extraer probabilidades agrupadas en porcentaje, sin incluir TOTAL
P_global <- as.numeric(
  tabla_device$P[1:(nrow(tabla_device) - 1)]
)

dispositivos <- tabla_device$Device[
  1:(nrow(tabla_device) - 1)
]

# Diagrama de barras
par(mfrow = c(1,1))
par(mar = c(10,4,4,2))

barplot(
  P_global,
  main = "Gráfica Nº1: Distribución de probabilidad de los dispositivos de muestreo en depósitos marinos",
  xlab = "Tipo de dispositivo",
  ylab = "Probabilidad (%)",
  col = "blue",
  names.arg = dispositivos,
  cex.names = 0.8,
  las = 2,
  ylim = c(0, max(P_global) * 1.15)
)

abline(h = 0, lwd = 1)

CALCULOS DE PROBABILIDAD

# Identificar el dispositivo con mayor probabilidad (excluye TOTAL)
tabla_sin_total <- tabla_device[tabla_device$Device != "TOTAL", ]

dispositivo_mayor <- tabla_sin_total$Device[
  which.max(as.numeric(tabla_sin_total$P))
]

prob_mayor <- tabla_sin_total$P[
  which.max(as.numeric(tabla_sin_total$P))
]

# Convertir a numérico
prob_mayor <- as.numeric(prob_mayor)

# Gráfico de texto explicativo
plot(1, type = "n", axes = FALSE, xlab = "", ylab = "")

text(
  x = 1, y = 1,
  labels = paste(
    "Cálculo de probabilidad\n(Estimación general)\n\n",
    "¿Qué tipo de dispositivo es más probable\n",
    "que sea utilizado en la recolección de\n",
    "depósitos marinos?\n\n",
    "R: ", dispositivo_mayor, "\n",
    "Probabilidad = ", round(prob_mayor, 2), " %",
    sep = ""
  ),
  cex = 1.4,
  col = "black",
  font = 2
)

CONCLUSIONES

El dispositivo más probable de ser utilizado es Pinzas de Sedimento, con una probabilidad del 55.88%, lo que indica que más de la mitad de las observaciones corresponden a este tipo de instrumento.