#Addition
2+3
[1] 5
#Subtraction
3-2
[1] 1
#exponents
2^3
[1] 8
#log
log(10)
[1] 2.302585
log(2.71, base = 2.71)
[1] 1
# Square root
sqrt(2)
[1] 1.414214
log(10)
[1] 2.302585
log10(100)
[1] 2
log(10, base = 5)
[1] 1.430677
#Batting Average=(No. of Hits)/(No. of At Bats)
#What is the batting average of a player that bats 29 hits in 112 at bats?
BA=(29)/(112)
BA
[1] 0.2589286
Batting_Average=round(BA,digits = 3)
Batting_Average
[1] 0.259
BA=(42)/(212)
Batting_Average=round(BA,digits = 3)
Batting_Average
[1] 0.198
#On Base Percentage
#OBP=(H+BB+HBP)/(At Bats+BB+HBP+SF)
#Let us compute the OBP for a player with the following general stats
#AB=515,H=172,BB=84,HBP=5,SF=6
OBP=(172+84+5)/(515+84+5+6)
OBP
[1] 0.4278689
On_Base_Percentage=round(OBP,digits = 3)
On_Base_Percentage
[1] 0.428
#Question_3:Compute the OBP for a player with the following general stats:
#AB=565,H=156,BB=65,HBP=3,SF=7
OBP=(156+65+3)/(565+65+3+7)
On_Base_Percentage=round(OBP,digits = 3)
On_Base_Percentage
[1] 0.35
3<=8
[1] TRUE
3>=5
[1] FALSE
3==5
[1] FALSE
2 < 3 | 1==5
[1] TRUE
2>3|2==3
[1] FALSE
2>1 & 3>=3
[1] TRUE
2>1 & 3>=4
[1] FALSE
Total_Bases <- 6 + 5
Total_Bases*3
[1] 33
ls()
[1] "BA"
[2] "Batting_Average"
[3] "OBP"
[4] "On_Base_Percentage"
[5] "Total_Bases"
rm(Total_Bases)
ls()
[1] "BA"
[2] "Batting_Average"
[3] "OBP"
[4] "On_Base_Percentage"
pitches_by_innings <- c(12, 15, 10, 20, 10)
pitches_by_innings
[1] 12 15 10 20 10
strikes_by_innings <- c(9, 12, 6, 14, 9)
strikes_by_innings
[1] 9 12 6 14 9
#Question_4: Define two vectors,runs_per_9innings and hits_per_9innings, each with five elements
runs_per_9innings<-c(2,5,7,11,13)
hits_per_9innings<-c(11,14,17,18)
runs_per_9innings
[1] 2 5 7 11 13
hits_per_9innings
[1] 11 14 17 18
rep(2, 5)
[1] 2 2 2 2 2
rep(1,4)
[1] 1 1 1 1
1:5
[1] 1 2 3 4 5
2:10
[1] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
seq(1, 10, by=2)
[1] 1 3 5 7 9
seq(2,13,by=3)
[1] 2 5 8 11
pitches_by_innings+strikes_by_innings
[1] 21 27 16 34 19
pitches_by_innings == strikes_by_innings
[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
length(pitches_by_innings)
[1] 5
min(pitches_by_innings)
[1] 10
mean(pitches_by_innings)
[1] 13.4
pitches_by_innings
[1] 12 15 10 20 10
pitches_by_innings[1]
[1] 12
runs_per_9innings[1]
[1] 2
hits_per_9innings[length(hits_per_9innings)]
[1] 18
pitches_by_innings[length(pitches_by_innings)]
[1] 10
pitches_by_innings[c(2, 3, 4)]
[1] 15 10 20
player_positions <- c("catcher", "pitcher", "infielders", "outfielders")
player_positions
[1] "catcher" "pitcher"
[3] "infielders" "outfielders"
data.frame(bonus = c(2, 3, 1),#in millions
active_roster = c("yes", "no", "yes"),
salary = c(1.5, 2.5, 1))
sample(1:10, size=5)
[1] 7 8 3 6 9
x <- c("Yes","No","No","Yes","Yes")
table(x)
x
No Yes
2 3
sals <- c(12, .4, 5, 2, 50, 8, 3, 1, 4, 0.25)
# the average
mean(sals)
[1] 8.565
var(sals)
[1] 225.5145
sd(sals)
[1] 15.01714
median(sals)
[1] 3.5
# Tukey's five number summary, usefull for boxplots
# five numbers: min, lower hinge, median, upper hinge, max
fivenum(sals)
[1] 0.25 1.00 3.50 8.00 50.00
# summary statistics
summary(sals)
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
0.250 1.250 3.500 8.565 7.250 50.000
# Function to find the mode, i.e. most frequent value
getMode <- function(x) {
ux <- unique(x)
ux[which.max(tabulate(match(x, ux)))]
}
getMode(pitches_by_innings)
[1] 10
getMode(hits_per_9innings)
[1] 11
getMode(strikes_by_innings)
[1] 9
#Question_8: Summarize the following survey with the `table()` command:
#What is your favorite day of the week to watch baseball? A total of 10 fans submitted this survey.
#Saturday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Saturday,Tuesday, Sunday, Friday, Friday, Monday
game_day<-c("Saturday", "Saturday", "Sunday", "Monday", "Saturday","Tuesday", "Sunday", "Friday", "Friday", "Monday")
table(game_day)
game_day
Friday Monday Saturday Sunday Tuesday
2 2 3 2 1
#Question_9: What is the most frequent answer recorded in the survey? Use the getMode function to compute results.
getMode(game_day)
[1] "Saturday"
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