| Living Conditions | Overall N = 17,724,6581 |
South African N = 16,960,9921 |
Immigrant N = 763,6661 |
p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of dwelling | ||||
| Formal dwelling | 80.1% (990,802) | 81.1% (961,341) | 58.1% (29,461) | |
| Traditional dwelling | 3.1% (44,052) | 3.2% (43,485) | 1.1% (567) | |
| Flat or apartment | 2.7% (31,701) | 2.5% (28,204) | 7.1% (3,497) | |
| Cluster/Town/Semi-detached | 1.9% (22,515) | 1.9% (21,415) | 2.2% (1,100) | |
| Backyard dwelling | 3.8% (45,449) | 3.5% (40,024) | 10.8% (5,425) | |
| Informal dwelling | 8.0% (93,746) | 7.4% (83,756) | 20.2% (9,990) | |
| Other/Caravan/Tent | 0.3% (4,008) | 0.3% (3,774) | 0.5% (234) | |
| Not applicable | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | |
| Tenure status | ||||
| Rented from private individual | 14.5% (169,381) | 12.5% (140,386) | 57.8% (28,995) | |
| Rented from other (including municipality and social housing institutions) | 3.3% (39,295) | 3.3% (36,742) | 5.1% (2,553) | |
| Owned, but not yet paid off | 5.0% (59,976) | 5.2% (58,731) | 2.5% (1,245) | |
| Owned and fully paid off | 32.1% (409,445) | 33.1% (404,191) | 10.0% (5,254) | |
| Occupied rent-free | 19.7% (251,862) | 20.1% (245,576) | 12.6% (6,286) | |
| Other | 2.3% (29,323) | 2.3% (28,565) | 1.5% (758) | |
| Do not know | 0.6% (7,520) | 0.6% (7,238) | 0.6% (282) | |
| Not applicable | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | |
| Unspecified | 22.5% (265,471) | 23.0% (260,570) | 9.9% (4,901) | |
| RDP/Government subsidised housing | ||||
| Yes | 23.2% (281,867) | 23.1% (269,747) | 24.1% (12,120) | |
| No | 53.8% (678,364) | 53.3% (645,532) | 65.1% (32,832) | |
| Do not know | 0.6% (6,557) | 0.5% (6,141) | 0.8% (416) | |
| Not applicable | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | |
| Unspecified | 22.5% (265,485) | 23.0% (260,579) | 9.9% (4,906) | |
| Water source | <0.001 | |||
| Regional/local water scheme (operated by municipality/other service provider) | 82.7% (1,000,850) | 82.6% (957,667) | 85.5% (43,183) | |
| Borehole | 4.6% (58,069) | 4.6% (55,828) | 5.2% (2,241) | |
| Spring | 0.6% (7,516) | 0.6% (7,354) | 0.3% (162) | |
| Rain-water tank | 1.9% (27,568) | 2.0% (27,241) | 0.6% (327) | |
| Dam/pool/stagnant water | 0.9% (12,398) | 0.9% (12,198) | 0.4% (200) | |
| Flowing water/river/stream | 1.9% (27,064) | 1.9% (26,793) | 0.5% (271) | |
| Water vendor | 1.8% (24,702) | 1.8% (23,806) | 1.6% (896) | |
| Water tanker | 4.0% (52,301) | 4.0% (50,267) | 4.0% (2,034) | |
| Other | 1.7% (21,805) | 1.6% (20,845) | 1.8% (960) | |
| Toilet facility | <0.001 | |||
| Flush toilet connected to a public sewerage system | 68.5% (806,540) | 68.3% (770,502) | 72.6% (36,038) | |
| Flush toilet connected to a septic tank or conservancy tank | 2.3% (27,312) | 2.2% (26,122) | 2.5% (1,190) | |
| Chemical toilet | 2.6% (34,182) | 2.6% (33,111) | 2.1% (1,071) | |
| Pit latrine/toilet with ventilation pipe | 9.4% (132,675) | 9.6% (129,848) | 5.2% (2,827) | |
| Pit latrine/toilet without ventilation pipe | 12.5% (172,084) | 12.6% (165,688) | 12.0% (6,396) | |
| Ecological toilet (e.g. urine diversion, enviroloo, etc) | 0.4% (5,979) | 0.4% (5,845) | 0.3% (134) | |
| Bucket toilet (collected by municipality) | 1.2% (13,657) | 1.1% (12,604) | 2.2% (1,053) | |
| Bucket toilet (emptied by household) | 0.9% (11,433) | 0.9% (10,958) | 1.0% (475) | |
| None | 1.6% (20,252) | 1.6% (19,386) | 1.7% (866) | |
| Other | 0.6% (8,159) | 0.6% (7,935) | 0.4% (224) | |
| Energy for cooking | <0.001 | |||
| Electricity (mains) | 64.3% (797,592) | 63.8% (759,283) | 75.8% (38,309) | |
| Other electricity | 0.4% (5,075) | 0.4% (4,793) | 0.6% (282) | |
| Gas | 25.9% (305,987) | 26.4% (299,335) | 13.4% (6,652) | |
| Paraffin | 2.7% (31,798) | 2.5% (28,727) | 6.2% (3,071) | |
| Wood | 6.1% (85,083) | 6.2% (83,418) | 3.4% (1,665) | |
| Other/Solid fuel/None | 0.6% (6,738) | 0.6% (6,443) | 0.6% (295) | |
| Energy for lighting | <0.001 | |||
| Electricity from mains | 94.3% (1,164,752) | 94.5% (1,119,406) | 89.8% (45,346) | |
| Other source of electricity (e.g. generator etc.) | 0.4% (4,754) | 0.4% (4,501) | 0.5% (253) | |
| Gas | 0.3% (3,176) | 0.3% (3,023) | 0.3% (153) | |
| Paraffin | 0.9% (10,611) | 0.9% (9,774) | 1.7% (837) | |
| Candles | 3.1% (37,211) | 3.0% (34,432) | 5.8% (2,779) | |
| Solar | 0.7% (8,234) | 0.7% (7,557) | 1.4% (677) | |
| Other | 0.1% (1,483) | 0.1% (1,374) | 0.2% (109) | |
| None | 0.2% (2,052) | 0.2% (1,932) | 0.2% (120) | |
| Refuse disposal | <0.001 | |||
| Removed by local authority/private company/community members at least once a week | 67.1% (790,678) | 66.9% (754,929) | 71.7% (35,749) | |
| Removed by local authority/private company/community members less often | 1.3% (15,009) | 1.2% (14,225) | 1.6% (784) | |
| Communal refuse dump | 1.6% (20,027) | 1.6% (18,814) | 2.5% (1,213) | |
| Communal container/central collection point | 2.5% (30,132) | 2.5% (28,325) | 3.6% (1,807) | |
| Own refuse dump | 22.4% (308,986) | 22.7% (301,054) | 15.0% (7,932) | |
| Dump or leave rubbish anywhere (no rubbish disposal) | 4.5% (58,487) | 4.5% (55,935) | 5.0% (2,552) | |
| Other | 0.7% (8,954) | 0.7% (8,717) | 0.5% (237) | |
| Household size (mean) | 3.1 (2.1) | 3.1 (2.1) | 2.4 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| 1 % (n (unweighted)); Mean (SD) | ||||
| 2 Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment; Design-based t-test | ||||