Audit File: Disease-Modifying Therapy in Sickle Cell Disease

MarketScan Commercial + Medicaid Claims: Utilization, Persistence, and Coverage

1 Executive summary

This report describes disease-modifying therapy (DMT) utilization, persistence, and cumulative coverage among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Multi-State Medicaid databases. Four DMTs were examined: hydroxyurea, L-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxelotor. The four DMTs were analyzed individually and as a pooled “any DMT” category. Comparisons were made by insurance type (Commercial vs Medicaid), with secondary stratifications by age category and sex. All patients meet a validated claims-based SCD definition (Reeves 2020; one inpatient or two outpatient non-diagnostic SCD claims at least 30 days apart). Patients with any history of a sickle cell trait code (ICD-9 282.5 or ICD-10 D57.3) are flagged as dx_trait; this flag is treated as a QC sentinel, not an exclusion criterion, and a prespecified sensitivity analysis repeats all results in the subcohort that excludes trait-flagged patients.

The full SCD cohort included 48,760 patients, of whom 12,671 (26.0%) had at least one DMT prescription fill during the observation window. The trait-influence sensitivity cohort (excluding any patient with a trait code) included 35,976 patients, of whom 10,336 (28.7%) were DMT-exposed.

2 Methods

2.1 Cohort

Patients were identified from the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database and the Multi-State Medicaid Database using a validated claims-based algorithm for sickle cell disease. Specifically, a patient was retained if they had either one inpatient non-diagnostic claim or two outpatient non-diagnostic claims at least 30 days apart with a qualifying SCD diagnosis code, following the criteria evaluated by Reeves et al. (Health Serv Res 2020;55(2):310-7) for ICD-10-CM identification of children with sickle cell anemia.

Qualifying SCD codes: ICD-9 282.41, 282.42, 282.6; ICD-10 D57.0, D57.1, D57.2, D57.4, D57.8. Sickle cell trait codes (ICD-9 282.5, ICD-10 D57.3) were captured separately as a flag (dx_trait) and were not part of the cohort-defining count. Pregnancy was not used as either an inclusion or exclusion criterion at any step.

The “DMT-exposed subset” includes patients with at least one DMT prescription fill in the corresponding pharmacy table. Elixhauser comorbidities were captured in the one-year pre-index window and are missing for patients without one full year of prior coverage; missing is preserved as missing rather than imputed to zero.

2.1.1 Trait flag as QC sentinel

All patients in the analytic cohort meet the validated SCD definition above. The dx_trait flag is a sentinel indicating any historical trait code (ICD-9 282.5 or ICD-10 D57.3); it is not an exclusion criterion for the primary analysis. Trait codes co-occurring with bona fide SCD codes most plausibly reflect clinician confusion of trait and disease at the point of coding rather than misclassification of carriers as patients with disease. To check whether residual misclassification could be influencing the headline numbers, two QC products are reported below: (a) a cross-tabulation of trait flag against ever-DMT exposure by insurance, where substantially lower exposure rates among trait-flagged patients would be the signature of true non-SCD inclusion, and (b) a sensitivity analysis repeating all primary analyses in the subcohort that excludes any patient with a trait code.

2.2 Persistence

Continuous treatment episodes for each DMT were constructed from raw pharmacy fills re-collapsed at a gap tolerance of 7 days: for each patient and each DMT, fills were sorted by service date and contiguous fills (gaps of ≤ 7 days between the running maximum of prior end dates and the next start date) were merged. The 7-day tolerance aligns with ISPOR good-practice guidance for pharmacy persistence work and accommodates normal mail-order refill timing and brief dose-titration pauses. The “longest run” per patient is the duration of the longest merged episode. Ties were broken by taking the earliest episode. Event = longest-run episode ended before end of pharmacy enrollment; censoring = episode ongoing at end of pharmacy enrollment. Patients were administratively right-censored at 24 months from initiation of their longest run; the dotted vertical reference line on each curve marks 12 months. The 1-day strict and 30-day permissive stitching definitions are reported as sensitivities in section 16.

Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for each drug and for “Any DMT” overall, stratified by insurance, age category, and sex. Log-rank tests quantify between-stratum differences.

2.3 Cumulative coverage ratio

For each drug, DMT episodes were merged per patient to produce unique person-days of exposure (no double-counting where episodes overlap). Observable person-days were taken as the pharmacy-enrollment window (enroll_rx_enddate − enroll_rx_startdate + 1). The proportion of days covered (PDC) is the per-patient ratio of exposed days to observable days. The aggregate ratio across patients (Σ exposed days / Σ observable days) is a period prevalence: the fraction of total SCD observation time during which patients were in the DMT-exposed state.

The Medicaid-vs-Commercial prevalence rate ratio (PRR) was estimated with negative binomial (NB) regression, modeling rx_days ~ insurance with a log(total_days) offset. The exponentiated insurance coefficient is the ratio of per-day prevalences between arms. NB was chosen over Poisson because days within a patient are strongly correlated (a day on DMT predicts the next day); Poisson standard errors at the day level would be anticonservatively narrow because the effective N is closer to the number of patients than the number of days. NB’s dispersion parameter (theta) accommodates this within-patient correlation.

PRRs were estimated for Any DMT and separately for each of the four agents. Each PRR is reported in two cohort framings: (1) full SCD cohort, where the numerator population includes never-exposed patients contributing zero rx-days, giving a population-level answer; and (2) rx-exposed subset, restricted to patients who ever initiated that specific agent, giving an initiator-focused answer. No adjustment was performed. Sensitivity analyses repeated the fits in the no-trait subcohort.

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3 Results

4 Cohort derivation audit

This section is reproduced from the cached cohort-audit chunk so a third-party reader can verify the patient-uniqueness, cross-database non-overlap, trait-flag NA handling, and stepwise cohort counts without rerunning the code.

4.1 Cohort flow

Cohort derivation steps with counts and rationale.

Step	N	Note
MarketScan index file (idx_raw)	48,760	One row per enrolid asserted above.
Validated SCD cohort (sick_all)	48,760	Reeves 2020 algorithm: 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient SCD claims at least 30 days apart. Applied upstream.
of whom Commercial	24,068
of whom Medicaid	24,692
DMT-exposed subset (sick_dmt)	12,671	At least one fill of any of the four DMTs in the corresponding pharmacy table.
Patients flagged dx_trait == 1	12,784	ICD-9 282.5 or ICD-10 D57.3 ever recorded. Retained in primary; excluded in the trait-influence sensitivity below.
Patients with dx_trait == NA	0	Treated as not-trait by filter(dx_trait == 1). Included in both primary and sensitivity cohorts.
Trait-influence sensitivity cohort (sick_all_nt)	35,976	Excludes the 12,784 patients with dx_trait == 1 (26.2% of sick_all).
DMT-exposed in sensitivity (sick_dmt_nt)	10,336	28.7% of trait-influence sensitivity cohort.

4.2 Patient uniqueness in the index file

One-row-per-patient assertion in the MarketScan index file.

Rows in idx_raw	Distinct enrolids	One row per patient?
48,760	48,760	Yes

4.3 Cross-database enrolid overlap (Commercial vs Medicaid)

Confirms the assumption that the Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid enrolid spaces are disjoint. Non-zero overlap would invalidate the per-arm denominators and the bind_rows assembly of fills and collapsed.

Cross-database enrolid overlap between Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid source files.

Comparison	N enrolids in both
idx_raw: Commercial vs Medicaid	0
comm_fills vs mcaid_fills	0
comm_coll vs mcaid_coll	0

4.4 dx_trait flag distribution and exclusion deltas

Frequency of dx_trait across the full index file. NA values are retained in the trait-influence sensitivity cohort by the filter(dx_trait == 1) semantics.

dx_trait value	N	Pct of idx_raw
0	35976	73.78%
1	12784	26.22%

Counts before and after the trait-influence sensitivity exclusion across all four downstream datasets.

Dataset	N before	N after sensitivity	N dropped	Pct dropped
sick_all	48,760	35,976	12,784	26.2%
sick_dmt	12,671	10,336	2,335	18.4%
fills	214,554	165,331	49,223	22.9%
collapsed	136,831	104,573	32,258	23.6%

5 Cohort description

5.1 Table 1a. Full SCD cohort

Demographic characteristics, full SCD cohort, by insurance.

Characteristic	Overall N = 48,7601	Commercial N = 24,0681	Medicaid N = 24,6921	p-value2
Age at first SCD dx	24 (12, 36)	28 (16, 41)	20 (9, 30)	<0.001
Age category				<0.001
<18	17,509 (36%)	6,712 (28%)	10,797 (44%)
18-34	17,809 (37%)	8,437 (35%)	9,372 (38%)
35-54	10,648 (22%)	6,946 (29%)	3,702 (15%)
55+	2,794 (5.7%)	1,973 (8.2%)	821 (3.3%)
Sex				<0.001
Male	19,380 (40%)	9,938 (41%)	9,442 (38%)
Female	29,380 (60%)	14,130 (59%)	15,250 (62%)
Region (commercial only)				>0.9
Northeast	4,176 (17%)	4,176 (17%)	0 (NA%)
North Central	3,447 (14%)	3,447 (14%)	0 (NA%)
South	14,413 (60%)	14,413 (60%)	0 (NA%)
West	1,698 (7.1%)	1,698 (7.1%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	334 (1.4%)	334 (1.4%)	0 (NA%)
Missing	24,692	0	24,692
Race (Medicaid only)				>0.9
White	938 (4.0%)	0 (NA%)	938 (4.0%)
Black	18,644 (80%)	0 (NA%)	18,644 (80%)
Other	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
Hispanic	329 (1.4%)	0 (NA%)	329 (1.4%)
Unknown	3,508 (15%)	0 (NA%)	3,508 (15%)
Missing	25,341	24,068	1,273
1 Median (Q1, Q3); n (%)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test

5.2 Table 1b. DMT-exposed subset

Demographic characteristics, DMT-exposed subset, by insurance.

Characteristic	Overall N = 12,6711	Commercial N = 6,1581	Medicaid N = 6,5131	p-value2
Age at first SCD dx	18 (10, 29)	23 (13, 34)	15 (7, 23)	<0.001
Age category				<0.001
<18	6,046 (48%)	2,254 (37%)	3,792 (58%)
18-34	4,513 (36%)	2,408 (39%)	2,105 (32%)
35-54	1,828 (14%)	1,283 (21%)	545 (8.4%)
55+	284 (2.2%)	213 (3.5%)	71 (1.1%)
Sex				0.001
Male	6,227 (49%)	2,936 (48%)	3,291 (51%)
Female	6,444 (51%)	3,222 (52%)	3,222 (49%)
Region (commercial only)				>0.9
Northeast	1,065 (17%)	1,065 (17%)	0 (NA%)
North Central	847 (14%)	847 (14%)	0 (NA%)
South	3,700 (60%)	3,700 (60%)	0 (NA%)
West	475 (7.7%)	475 (7.7%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	71 (1.2%)	71 (1.2%)	0 (NA%)
Missing	6,513	0	6,513
Race (Medicaid only)				>0.9
White	114 (1.8%)	0 (NA%)	114 (1.8%)
Black	4,466 (72%)	0 (NA%)	4,466 (72%)
Other	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
Hispanic	92 (1.5%)	0 (NA%)	92 (1.5%)
Unknown	1,502 (24%)	0 (NA%)	1,502 (24%)
Missing	6,497	6,158	339
1 Median (Q1, Q3); n (%)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test

6 Enrollment length

Continuous pharmacy-enrollment windows per patient, defined as enroll_rx_enddate − enroll_rx_startdate + 1, converted to months. This is the denominator for the coverage analyses and the at-risk window for persistence, so it is an important context variable. Large differences across strata mean that any outcome comparison across those strata needs to account for different observation times, which our NB coverage models do via the log(total_days) offset and which our KM analyses do via censoring. Per the data dictionary, region is reported for Commercial only (Medicaid=999), and race (stdrace) for Medicaid only.

6.1 Full SCD cohort

Enrollment length in months, full SCD cohort.

Stratum	Level	N	Median (IQR)	Mean (SD)	Min - Max
Overall	All	48,760	46.0 (20.0, 84.0)	57.3 (45.8)	0.9 - 216.0
Insurance	Commercial	24,068	35.0 (15.0, 70.0)	49.0 (44.5)	1.0 - 216.0
Insurance	Medicaid	24,692	58.0 (25.0, 92.1)	65.3 (45.6)	0.9 - 156.0
Age	<18	17,509	54.0 (24.0, 92.1)	64.6 (47.2)	0.9 - 216.0
Age	18-34	17,809	36.0 (16.0, 72.0)	48.9 (41.3)	0.9 - 216.0
Age	35-54	10,648	45.0 (20.0, 84.0)	57.9 (47.8)	0.9 - 216.0
Age	55+	2,794	49.0 (24.0, 90.0)	61.9 (47.5)	1.0 - 216.0
Sex	Male	19,380	44.0 (19.0, 84.0)	56.3 (45.5)	0.9 - 216.0
Sex	Female	29,380	46.1 (20.0, 84.0)	57.9 (46.0)	0.9 - 216.0
Region (Commercial)	Northeast	4,176	36.0 (17.0, 67.0)	48.0 (41.6)	1.0 - 216.0
Region (Commercial)	North Central	3,447	36.0 (16.0, 78.1)	54.3 (49.3)	1.0 - 216.0
Region (Commercial)	South	14,413	33.9 (14.0, 68.0)	48.0 (44.2)	1.0 - 216.0
Region (Commercial)	West	1,698	36.0 (16.0, 80.1)	52.0 (45.3)	1.0 - 216.0
Region (Commercial)	Unknown	334	24.0 (12.0, 36.0)	30.8 (25.7)	3.0 - 216.0
Race (Medicaid)	White	938	54.5 (25.0, 85.0)	61.1 (42.9)	1.0 - 156.0
Race (Medicaid)	Black	18,644	58.1 (26.0, 93.0)	65.6 (45.0)	0.9 - 156.0
Race (Medicaid)	Hispanic	329	48.0 (21.0, 84.0)	55.7 (41.5)	0.9 - 156.0
Race (Medicaid)	Unknown	3,508	71.0 (29.0, 109.0)	74.7 (49.5)	0.9 - 156.0

6.2 DMT-exposed subset

Enrollment length in months, DMT-exposed subset.

Stratum	Level	N	Median (IQR)	Mean (SD)	Min - Max
Overall	All	12,671	53.0 (24.0, 95.0)	64.7 (48.4)	1.0 - 216.0
Insurance	Commercial	6,158	34.0 (14.0, 70.0)	48.5 (44.2)	1.0 - 216.0
Insurance	Medicaid	6,513	78.0 (41.0, 126.0)	80.1 (47.1)	1.0 - 156.0
Age	<18	6,046	72.0 (31.0, 120.0)	75.7 (49.7)	1.0 - 216.0
Age	18-34	4,513	40.0 (19.0, 78.9)	53.6 (43.6)	1.0 - 216.0
Age	35-54	1,828	45.0 (20.0, 84.0)	57.8 (48.0)	1.0 - 216.0
Age	55+	284	36.0 (21.0, 79.0)	52.6 (42.5)	3.0 - 216.0
Sex	Male	6,227	51.9 (24.0, 92.0)	63.8 (47.8)	1.0 - 216.0
Sex	Female	6,444	53.0 (24.0, 96.0)	65.6 (48.9)	1.0 - 216.0
Region (Commercial)	Northeast	1,065	34.1 (16.0, 66.0)	47.4 (41.3)	1.0 - 216.0
Region (Commercial)	North Central	847	36.0 (15.0, 84.0)	55.4 (50.8)	1.9 - 216.0
Region (Commercial)	South	3,700	32.1 (14.0, 67.1)	47.7 (43.8)	1.0 - 216.0
Region (Commercial)	West	475	35.0 (12.0, 73.0)	47.6 (42.3)	1.9 - 216.0
Region (Commercial)	Unknown	71	27.0 (20.0, 47.5)	35.1 (24.7)	5.9 - 136.0
Race (Medicaid)	White	114	58.0 (22.2, 78.0)	57.3 (37.6)	4.0 - 156.0
Race (Medicaid)	Black	4,466	78.0 (43.0, 126.0)	79.6 (45.9)	1.0 - 156.0
Race (Medicaid)	Hispanic	92	60.5 (28.7, 104.2)	67.4 (42.1)	5.0 - 156.0
Race (Medicaid)	Unknown	1,502	84.0 (58.0, 154.0)	94.3 (47.8)	1.0 - 156.0

7 Elixhauser comorbidities

7.1 Table 2a. Full SCD cohort

Elixhauser comorbidity prevalence, full cohort, by insurance.

Characteristic	Commercial N = 24,0681	Medicaid N = 24,6921	p-value2
elix_aids	44 (0.5%)	97 (1.6%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_alcohol	76 (0.9%)	276 (4.4%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_anemdef	1,095 (13%)	1,174 (19%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_arth	196 (2.2%)	183 (2.9%)	0.007
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_bldloss	605 (6.9%)	1,173 (19%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_cbvdpoa	257 (2.9%)	176 (2.8%)	0.7
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_cbvdprior	257 (2.9%)	176 (2.8%)	0.7
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_cbvdsql	63 (0.7%)	89 (1.4%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_chf	195 (2.2%)	247 (4.0%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_chrnlung	484 (5.5%)	1,172 (19%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_ckd	215 (2.5%)	198 (3.2%)	0.008
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_coag	409 (4.7%)	394 (6.3%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_dementia	15 (0.2%)	32 (0.5%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_depress	328 (3.8%)	795 (13%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_diabet	575 (6.6%)	612 (9.9%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_diabetcomp	258 (3.0%)	333 (5.4%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_diabetuncomp	510 (5.8%)	561 (9.0%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_drug	96 (1.1%)	545 (8.8%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_htn	1,404 (16%)	1,290 (21%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_htncomp	287 (3.3%)	368 (5.9%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_htnuncomp	1,322 (15%)	1,217 (20%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_hypothy	219 (2.5%)	165 (2.7%)	0.6
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_leuk	50 (0.6%)	38 (0.6%)	0.8
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_liver	175 (2.0%)	201 (3.2%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_livermild	222 (2.5%)	250 (4.0%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_liversev	61 (0.7%)	80 (1.3%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_lymph	56 (0.6%)	29 (0.5%)	0.2
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_lytes	687 (7.9%)	902 (15%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_mets	99 (1.1%)	58 (0.9%)	0.2
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_neuro	255 (2.9%)	482 (7.8%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_neuromvt	32 (0.4%)	38 (0.6%)	0.031
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_neurooth	195 (2.2%)	279 (4.5%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_obese	631 (7.2%)	831 (13%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_para	124 (1.4%)	185 (3.0%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_perivasc	156 (1.8%)	139 (2.2%)	0.051
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_psych	177 (2.0%)	723 (12%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_pulmcirc	150 (1.7%)	102 (1.6%)	0.7
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_renflmod	172 (2.0%)	175 (2.8%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_renflsev	98 (1.1%)	83 (1.3%)	0.2
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_seiz	121 (1.4%)	334 (5.4%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_thyhypo	246 (2.8%)	179 (2.9%)	0.8
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_thyoth	108 (1.2%)	80 (1.3%)	0.8
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_tumor	229 (2.6%)	128 (2.1%)	0.026
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_ulcer	25 (0.3%)	24 (0.4%)	0.3
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_valve	215 (2.5%)	200 (3.2%)	0.006
Unknown	15,340	18,479
elix_wghtloss	146 (1.7%)	227 (3.7%)	<0.001
Unknown	15,340	18,479
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test

7.2 Table 2b. DMT-exposed subset

*Note: elix\_mets, elix\_neuromvt, and elix\_ulcer have zero variation in the DMT-exposed subset and are omitted.*

Elixhauser comorbidity prevalence, DMT-exposed subset, by insurance.

Characteristic	Commercial N = 6,1581	Medicaid N = 6,5131	p-value2
elix_aids	1 (<0.1%)	2 (0.5%)	0.13
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_alcohol	0 (0%)	5 (1.2%)	<0.001
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_anemdef	61 (4.4%)	31 (7.6%)	0.009
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_arth	2 (0.1%)	3 (0.7%)	0.079
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_bldloss	4 (0.3%)	4 (1.0%)	0.083
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_cbvdpoa	4 (0.3%)	3 (0.7%)	0.2
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_cbvdprior	4 (0.3%)	3 (0.7%)	0.2
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_cbvdsql	1 (<0.1%)	4 (1.0%)	0.011
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_chf	7 (0.5%)	4 (1.0%)	0.3
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_chrnlung	25 (1.8%)	26 (6.4%)	<0.001
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_ckd	11 (0.8%)	4 (1.0%)	0.8
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_coag	19 (1.4%)	10 (2.4%)	0.12
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_dementia	1 (<0.1%)	2 (0.5%)	0.13
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_depress	9 (0.6%)	12 (2.9%)	<0.001
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_diabet	10 (0.7%)	14 (3.4%)	<0.001
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_diabetcomp	2 (0.1%)	6 (1.5%)	0.002
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_diabetuncomp	9 (0.6%)	13 (3.2%)	<0.001
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_drug	3 (0.2%)	13 (3.2%)	<0.001
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_htn	35 (2.5%)	24 (5.9%)	<0.001
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_htncomp	5 (0.4%)	4 (1.0%)	0.12
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_htnuncomp	32 (2.3%)	23 (5.6%)	<0.001
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_hypothy	7 (0.5%)	3 (0.7%)	0.7
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_leuk	4 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0.6
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_liver	6 (0.4%)	3 (0.7%)	0.4
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_livermild	9 (0.6%)	7 (1.7%)	0.065
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_liversev	3 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_lymph	2 (0.1%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_lytes	35 (2.5%)	25 (6.1%)	<0.001
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_neuro	5 (0.4%)	9 (2.2%)	<0.001
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_neurooth	3 (0.2%)	4 (1.0%)	0.050
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_obese	5 (0.4%)	5 (1.2%)	0.053
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_para	4 (0.3%)	4 (1.0%)	0.083
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_perivasc	3 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_psych	4 (0.3%)	11 (2.7%)	<0.001
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_pulmcirc	8 (0.6%)	4 (1.0%)	0.5
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_renflmod	7 (0.5%)	4 (1.0%)	0.3
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_renflsev	5 (0.4%)	1 (0.2%)	>0.9
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_seiz	4 (0.3%)	6 (1.5%)	0.012
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_thyhypo	7 (0.5%)	3 (0.7%)	0.7
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_thyoth	3 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_tumor	5 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	0.6
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_valve	8 (0.6%)	6 (1.5%)	0.10
Unknown	4,756	6,104
elix_wghtloss	1 (<0.1%)	2 (0.5%)	0.13
Unknown	4,756	6,104
1 n (%)
2 Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

8 DMT utilization

8.1 Table 3a. Patient-level DMT exposure

Patient-level DMT exposure and overall fill count, by insurance.

Characteristic	Commercial N = 6,1581	Medicaid N = 6,5131	p-value2
Hydroxyurea	5,966 (97%)	6,420 (99%)	<0.001
L-glutamine	308 (5.0%)	399 (6.1%)	0.006
Crizanlizumab	12 (0.2%)	22 (0.3%)	0.12
Voxelotor	378 (6.1%)	444 (6.8%)	0.12
Fills per patient (any DMT)	7 (3, 16)	10 (3, 28)	<0.001
1 n (%); Median (Q1, Q3)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test

8.2 Table 3b. Per-agent exposure rates (2x2 chi-square against full cohort)

Per-agent exposure by insurance, full SCD cohort denominators. Chi-square is a 2x2 test of ever-exposure against insurance arm.

Drug	N Comm	Exp Comm	Rate Comm	N Mcaid	Exp Mcaid	Rate Mcaid	Chi-sq p
Hydroxyurea	24068	5966	24.79%	24692	6420	26.00%	0.0022
L-glutamine	24068	308	1.28%	24692	399	1.62%	0.0022
Crizanlizumab	24068	12	0.05%	24692	22	0.09%	0.1417
Voxelotor	24068	378	1.57%	24692	444	1.80%	0.0553

8.3 Table 3c. Fills per patient

Fills per patient per DMT, by insurance.

drug	insurance	N	Median	Q1	Q3
dmt_cri	Commercial	12	4.0	1	6.5
dmt_cri	Medicaid	22	4.0	2	6.0
dmt_glu	Commercial	308	2.0	1	6.0
dmt_glu	Medicaid	399	3.0	1	8.0
dmt_hyd	Commercial	5966	7.0	3	16.0
dmt_hyd	Medicaid	6420	10.0	3	27.0
dmt_vox	Commercial	378	5.5	2	11.0
dmt_vox	Medicaid	444	4.0	2	9.0

Wilcoxon rank-sum comparison of per-patient fill counts, Medicaid vs Commercial.

drug	N commercial	N Medicaid	Wilcoxon p
dmt_cri	12	22	0.5728
dmt_glu	308	399	0.0053
dmt_hyd	5966	6420	0.0000
dmt_vox	378	444	0.0127

9 Persistence milestones (consecutive exposure thresholds)

Proportion of the full SCD cohort reaching successive consecutive-exposure thresholds for each agent and for any DMT. Denominators are the full SCD cohort (N = 48,760), so “Ever” is the fraction of all SCD patients who ever initiated the agent, and the 90/180/365 day rows are the fractions whose longest continuous run of the agent reached that threshold. Thresholds are evaluated on raw longest-run durations without administrative censoring.

9.1 Hydroxyurea

Hydroxyurea: fraction of SCD cohort reaching exposure thresholds.

Stratum	Level	N	Ever	>=90 d	>=180 d	>=365 d
Overall	All	48,760	12,371 (25.4%)	5,400 (11.1%)	2,751 (5.6%)	952 (2.0%)
Insurance	Commercial	24,068	5,965 (24.8%)	2,778 (11.5%)	1,462 (6.1%)	485 (2.0%)
Insurance	Medicaid	24,692	6,406 (25.9%)	2,622 (10.6%)	1,289 (5.2%)	467 (1.9%)
Age	<18	17,509	5,948 (34.0%)	3,020 (17.2%)	1,554 (8.9%)	571 (3.3%)
Age	18-34	17,809	4,397 (24.7%)	1,435 (8.1%)	653 (3.7%)	173 (1.0%)
Age	35-54	10,648	1,754 (16.5%)	794 (7.5%)	449 (4.2%)	168 (1.6%)
Age	55+	2,794	272 (9.7%)	151 (5.4%)	95 (3.4%)	40 (1.4%)
Sex	Male	19,380	6,104 (31.5%)	2,766 (14.3%)	1,402 (7.2%)	500 (2.6%)
Sex	Female	29,380	6,267 (21.3%)	2,634 (9.0%)	1,349 (4.6%)	452 (1.5%)

9.2 L-glutamine

L-glutamine: fraction of SCD cohort reaching exposure thresholds.

Stratum	Level	N	Ever	>=90 d	>=180 d	>=365 d
Overall	All	48,760	706 (1.4%)	192 (0.4%)	65 (0.1%)	14 (0.0%)
Insurance	Commercial	24,068	307 (1.3%)	74 (0.3%)	23 (0.1%)	8 (0.0%)
Insurance	Medicaid	24,692	399 (1.6%)	118 (0.5%)	42 (0.2%)	6 (0.0%)
Age	<18	17,509	360 (2.1%)	115 (0.7%)	43 (0.2%)	9 (0.1%)
Age	18-34	17,809	231 (1.3%)	44 (0.2%)	12 (0.1%)	2 (0.0%)
Age	35-54	10,648	103 (1.0%)	28 (0.3%)	10 (0.1%)	3 (0.0%)
Age	55+	2,794	12 (0.4%)	5 (0.2%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Sex	Male	19,380	317 (1.6%)	89 (0.5%)	32 (0.2%)	9 (0.0%)
Sex	Female	29,380	389 (1.3%)	103 (0.4%)	33 (0.1%)	5 (0.0%)

9.3 Crizanlizumab

Crizanlizumab: fraction of SCD cohort reaching exposure thresholds. Small-n cells have imprecise rates; interpret with caution.

Stratum	Level	N	Ever	>=90 d	>=180 d	>=365 d
Overall	All	48,760	33 (0.1%)	4 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Insurance	Commercial	24,068	11 (0.0%)	4 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Insurance	Medicaid	24,692	22 (0.1%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Age	<18	17,509	16 (0.1%)	2 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Age	18-34	17,809	11 (0.1%)	2 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Age	35-54	10,648	6 (0.1%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Age	55+	2,794	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Sex	Male	19,380	14 (0.1%)	2 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Sex	Female	29,380	19 (0.1%)	2 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

9.4 Voxelotor

Voxelotor: fraction of SCD cohort reaching exposure thresholds.

Stratum	Level	N	Ever	>=90 d	>=180 d	>=365 d
Overall	All	48,760	818 (1.7%)	357 (0.7%)	159 (0.3%)	38 (0.1%)
Insurance	Commercial	24,068	378 (1.6%)	179 (0.7%)	82 (0.3%)	20 (0.1%)
Insurance	Medicaid	24,692	440 (1.8%)	178 (0.7%)	77 (0.3%)	18 (0.1%)
Age	<18	17,509	390 (2.2%)	180 (1.0%)	85 (0.5%)	16 (0.1%)
Age	18-34	17,809	259 (1.5%)	97 (0.5%)	34 (0.2%)	10 (0.1%)
Age	35-54	10,648	142 (1.3%)	67 (0.6%)	32 (0.3%)	10 (0.1%)
Age	55+	2,794	27 (1.0%)	13 (0.5%)	8 (0.3%)	2 (0.1%)
Sex	Male	19,380	361 (1.9%)	170 (0.9%)	78 (0.4%)	19 (0.1%)
Sex	Female	29,380	457 (1.6%)	187 (0.6%)	81 (0.3%)	19 (0.1%)

9.5 Any DMT

Any DMT (pooled across all four agents): fraction of SCD cohort reaching exposure thresholds. A patient’s longest run spans any DMT episode, so agent switches within a continuous run count toward the threshold.

Stratum	Level	N	Ever	>=90 d	>=180 d	>=365 d
Overall	All	48,760	12,657 (26.0%)	5,681 (11.7%)	2,945 (6.0%)	1,050 (2.2%)
Insurance	Commercial	24,068	6,157 (25.6%)	2,922 (12.1%)	1,555 (6.5%)	531 (2.2%)
Insurance	Medicaid	24,692	6,500 (26.3%)	2,759 (11.2%)	1,390 (5.6%)	519 (2.1%)
Age	<18	17,509	6,038 (34.5%)	3,134 (17.9%)	1,658 (9.5%)	627 (3.6%)
Age	18-34	17,809	4,508 (25.3%)	1,544 (8.7%)	703 (3.9%)	193 (1.1%)
Age	35-54	10,648	1,827 (17.2%)	840 (7.9%)	483 (4.5%)	185 (1.7%)
Age	55+	2,794	284 (10.2%)	163 (5.8%)	101 (3.6%)	45 (1.6%)
Sex	Male	19,380	6,219 (32.1%)	2,875 (14.8%)	1,495 (7.7%)	547 (2.8%)
Sex	Female	29,380	6,438 (21.9%)	2,806 (9.6%)	1,450 (4.9%)	503 (1.7%)

9.6 Any DMT cascade figures

The cascade tables above carry the numerical detail; the two figures below give the visual narrative used in the executive summary and the manuscript. Cascade-by-insurance compares Commercial vs Medicaid at each consecutive-exposure threshold; cascade-by-age compares the four age strata. Within-stratum denominators are used: 24,068 Commercial and 24,692 Medicaid for the insurance figure; the per-stratum N values shown in §9.5 for the age figure.

10 Persistence on therapy

10.1 Descriptive summary

Longest-run persistence by drug and stratum. Medians shown with Q1/Q3 of duration in months.

Drug	Stratum	Level	N	Events	Censored	Median mo.	Q1	Q3
Hydroxyurea	Overall	All	12371	10863	1508	2.69	0.95	5.36
Hydroxyurea	insurance	Commercial	5965	4977	988	2.92	0.95	5.85
Hydroxyurea	insurance	Medicaid	6406	5886	520	2.17	0.95	4.83
Hydroxyurea	age_cat	<18	5948	5241	707	2.99	1.68	6.11
Hydroxyurea	age_cat	18-34	4397	3937	460	2.00	0.95	3.91
Hydroxyurea	age_cat	35-54	1754	1475	279	2.92	0.95	5.98
Hydroxyurea	age_cat	55+	272	210	62	3.68	1.39	8.64
Hydroxyurea	sex	Male	6104	5311	793	2.83	0.95	5.59
Hydroxyurea	sex	Female	6267	5552	715	2.37	0.95	5.16
L-glutamine	Overall	All	706	658	48	1.77	0.95	3.02
L-glutamine	insurance	Commercial	307	280	27	0.95	0.95	2.92
L-glutamine	insurance	Medicaid	399	378	21	1.84	0.95	3.17
L-glutamine	age_cat	<18	360	338	22	1.94	0.95	3.42
L-glutamine	age_cat	18-34	231	218	13	0.95	0.95	2.32
L-glutamine	age_cat	35-54	103	90	13	1.87	0.95	2.99
L-glutamine	age_cat	55+	12	12	0	2.76	1.57	3.00
L-glutamine	sex	Male	317	294	23	1.84	0.95	3.02
L-glutamine	sex	Female	389	364	25	1.45	0.95	2.99
Crizanlizumab	Overall	All	33	32	1	0.00	0.00	0.43
Crizanlizumab	insurance	Commercial	11	10	1	1.74	0.66	4.34
Crizanlizumab	insurance	Medicaid	22	22	0	0.00	0.00	0.00
Crizanlizumab	age_cat	<18	16	16	0	0.00	0.00	0.00
Crizanlizumab	age_cat	18-34	11	10	1	0.43	0.00	2.18
Crizanlizumab	age_cat	35-54	6	6	0	0.21	0.00	0.43
Crizanlizumab	sex	Male	14	14	0	0.00	0.00	0.32
Crizanlizumab	sex	Female	19	18	1	0.00	0.00	0.89
Voxelotor	Overall	All	818	658	160	2.69	0.95	5.03
Voxelotor	insurance	Commercial	378	307	71	2.89	0.95	5.54
Voxelotor	insurance	Medicaid	440	351	89	2.12	0.95	4.65
Voxelotor	age_cat	<18	390	305	85	2.79	0.95	5.40
Voxelotor	age_cat	18-34	259	213	46	2.00	0.95	3.84
Voxelotor	age_cat	35-54	142	119	23	2.89	0.95	5.75
Voxelotor	age_cat	55+	27	21	6	2.83	0.95	7.38
Voxelotor	sex	Male	361	283	78	2.86	1.48	5.36
Voxelotor	sex	Female	457	375	82	2.10	0.95	4.80
Any DMT	Overall	All	12657	10999	1658	2.79	0.95	5.59
Any DMT	insurance	Commercial	6157	5095	1062	2.92	0.95	5.91
Any DMT	insurance	Medicaid	6500	5904	596	2.17	0.95	5.06
Any DMT	age_cat	<18	6038	5251	787	3.02	1.71	6.44
Any DMT	age_cat	18-34	4508	4006	502	2.04	0.95	4.01
Any DMT	age_cat	35-54	1827	1523	304	2.92	0.95	6.08
Any DMT	age_cat	55+	284	219	65	3.71	1.66	8.71
Any DMT	sex	Male	6219	5357	862	2.86	0.95	5.78
Any DMT	sex	Female	6438	5642	796	2.66	0.95	5.36

10.2 Log-rank tests

Log-rank comparisons of longest-run persistence by insurance, age category, and sex.

Drug	Stratum	Chi-sq	df	p
Hydroxyurea	insurance	116.72	1	< 0.0001
Hydroxyurea	age_cat	363.79	3	< 0.0001
Hydroxyurea	sex	12.09	1	0.0005
L-glutamine	insurance	0.18	1	0.6679
L-glutamine	age_cat	15.25	3	0.0016
L-glutamine	sex	1.10	1	0.2938
Crizanlizumab	insurance	32.00	1	< 0.0001
Crizanlizumab	age_cat	2.87	2	0.2384
Crizanlizumab	sex	0.32	1	0.5743
Voxelotor	insurance	3.04	1	0.0812
Voxelotor	age_cat	8.48	3	0.0371
Voxelotor	sex	2.49	1	0.1143
Any DMT	insurance	100.26	1	< 0.0001
Any DMT	age_cat	371.54	3	< 0.0001
Any DMT	sex	9.89	1	0.0017

10.3 Kaplan-Meier curves

10.3.1 Hydroxyurea

Hydroxyurea: overall persistence (pooled).

Hydroxyurea persistence by insurance.

Hydroxyurea persistence by age category.

Hydroxyurea persistence by sex.

10.3.2 L-glutamine

L-glutamine: overall persistence.

L-glutamine persistence by insurance.

L-glutamine persistence by age category.

L-glutamine persistence by sex.

10.3.3 Crizanlizumab

Note: n = 34 (12 commercial, 22 Medicaid). Stratified KM estimates are too imprecise to plot; only the overall curve is shown.

Crizanlizumab: overall persistence.

10.3.4 Voxelotor

Voxelotor: overall persistence.

Voxelotor persistence by insurance.

Voxelotor persistence by age category.

Voxelotor persistence by sex.

10.3.5 Any DMT

Any DMT: overall persistence (pooled across all four agents).

Any DMT persistence by insurance.

Any DMT persistence by age category.

Any DMT persistence by sex.

11 Life tables (month-by-month)

Kaplan-Meier life tables at monthly intervals from 0 to 48 months for each agent and stratification. Unlike the KM curves above (which are administratively right-censored at 24 months for display), these life tables use the raw, un-truncated follow-up data; patients with longest runs extending past 24 months remain in the at-risk pool and continue to event in their natural intervals. The 24-to-48 month window shows trends that the KM curves don’t display.

Surv (%) is the cumulative probability of remaining on therapy at the start of the indicated month. N at risk is the count of patients still being followed and on therapy at month start. Events are discontinuations during the interval; Censored counts include patients reaching end of pharmacy enrollment without discontinuation. Estimates beyond month 24 become sparse for rare agents (L-glutamine, voxelotor, crizanlizumab) and confidence intervals widen accordingly. Sensitivity-analysis life tables are not shown but follow the same construction.

11.1 Hydroxyurea

Overall

Hydroxyurea: overall life table.

Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
0	12371	5	0	100.0	(99.9, 100.0)
1	8810	3382	174	72.6	(71.8, 73.4)
2	7475	1219	116	62.5	(61.6, 63.3)
3	5261	1965	249	45.8	(45.0, 46.7)
4	4079	1058	124	36.5	(35.7, 37.4)
5	3340	641	98	30.7	(29.9, 31.6)
6	2673	554	113	25.5	(24.7, 26.3)
7	2219	381	73	21.8	(21.1, 22.6)
8	1883	278	58	19.1	(18.4, 19.8)
9	1553	270	60	16.3	(15.6, 17.0)
10	1318	202	33	14.2	(13.5, 14.8)
11	1139	143	36	12.6	(12.0, 13.3)
12	944	155	40	10.9	(10.3, 11.5)
13	817	103	24	9.7	(9.1, 10.3)
14	717	81	19	8.7	(8.1, 9.3)
15	629	74	14	7.8	(7.3, 8.3)
16	554	67	10	6.9	(6.4, 7.5)
17	489	51	12	6.3	(5.8, 6.8)
18	426	50	13	5.6	(5.2, 6.1)
19	381	35	10	5.2	(4.7, 5.7)
20	347	28	6	4.8	(4.4, 5.3)
21	309	33	5	4.3	(3.9, 4.8)
22	279	28	2	3.9	(3.5, 4.4)
23	238	36	5	3.4	(3.0, 3.8)
24	210	24	4	3.1	(2.7, 3.5)
25	195	11	4	2.9	(2.6, 3.3)
26	178	12	5	2.7	(2.4, 3.1)
27	159	17	2	2.5	(2.1, 2.8)
28	144	11	4	2.3	(2.0, 2.7)
29	124	16	4	2.0	(1.7, 2.4)
30	110	7	7	1.9	(1.6, 2.3)
31	101	9	0	1.8	(1.5, 2.1)
32	89	11	1	1.6	(1.3, 1.9)
33	78	11	0	1.4	(1.1, 1.7)
34	71	4	3	1.3	(1.1, 1.6)
35	68	3	0	1.2	(1.0, 1.5)
36	68	0	0	1.2	(1.0, 1.5)
37	64	4	0	1.2	(0.9, 1.5)
38	63	0	1	1.2	(0.9, 1.5)
39	54	7	2	1.0	(0.8, 1.3)
40	50	3	1	1.0	(0.8, 1.3)
41	47	3	0	0.9	(0.7, 1.2)
42	45	2	0	0.9	(0.7, 1.2)
43	40	4	1	0.8	(0.6, 1.1)
44	38	2	0	0.8	(0.6, 1.0)
45	36	1	1	0.7	(0.6, 1.0)
46	33	2	1	0.7	(0.5, 1.0)
47	30	2	1	0.7	(0.5, 0.9)
48	27	2	1	0.6	(0.4, 0.9)

By insurance

Hydroxyurea: life table by insurance.

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
Commercial	0	5965	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
Commercial	1	4307	1556	102	73.9	(72.8, 75.0)
Commercial	2	3766	479	62	65.6	(64.4, 66.8)
Commercial	3	2717	888	161	49.9	(48.6, 51.2)
Commercial	4	2175	461	81	41.3	(40.0, 42.6)
Commercial	5	1803	297	75	35.6	(34.3, 36.8)
Commercial	6	1409	299	95	29.5	(28.3, 30.7)
Commercial	7	1182	170	57	25.9	(24.7, 27.1)
Commercial	8	1008	134	40	22.9	(21.8, 24.1)
Commercial	9	815	144	49	19.5	(18.5, 20.7)
Commercial	10	689	104	22	17.0	(16.0, 18.1)
Commercial	11	589	74	26	15.2	(14.2, 16.2)
Commercial	12	483	79	27	13.1	(12.1, 14.1)
Commercial	13	416	49	18	11.7	(10.8, 12.7)
Commercial	14	364	41	11	10.6	(9.7, 11.5)
Commercial	15	317	37	10	9.5	(8.6, 10.4)
Commercial	16	277	32	8	8.5	(7.7, 9.4)
Commercial	17	246	22	9	7.8	(7.0, 8.7)
Commercial	18	211	26	9	7.0	(6.2, 7.8)
Commercial	19	182	20	9	6.3	(5.6, 7.1)
Commercial	20	168	10	4	5.9	(5.2, 6.8)
Commercial	21	148	16	4	5.4	(4.7, 6.2)
Commercial	22	132	14	2	4.9	(4.2, 5.6)
Commercial	23	115	15	2	4.3	(3.7, 5.1)
Commercial	24	103	10	2	3.9	(3.3, 4.7)
Commercial	25	92	7	4	3.7	(3.1, 4.4)
Commercial	26	83	5	4	3.5	(2.9, 4.2)
Commercial	27	76	6	1	3.2	(2.6, 3.9)
Commercial	28	65	7	4	2.9	(2.4, 3.6)
Commercial	29	57	4	4	2.7	(2.2, 3.4)
Commercial	30	49	3	5	2.6	(2.0, 3.2)
Commercial	31	45	4	0	2.4	(1.8, 3.0)
Commercial	32	40	5	0	2.1	(1.6, 2.7)
Commercial	33	35	5	0	1.8	(1.4, 2.4)
Commercial	34	32	1	2	1.8	(1.3, 2.4)
Commercial	35	30	2	0	1.7	(1.2, 2.3)
Commercial	36	30	0	0	1.7	(1.2, 2.3)
Commercial	37	26	4	0	1.4	(1.0, 2.0)
Commercial	38	26	0	0	1.4	(1.0, 2.0)
Commercial	39	22	2	2	1.3	(0.9, 1.9)
Commercial	40	20	1	1	1.3	(0.9, 1.8)
Commercial	41	20	0	0	1.3	(0.9, 1.8)
Commercial	42	19	1	0	1.2	(0.8, 1.8)
Commercial	43	16	2	1	1.1	(0.7, 1.6)
Commercial	44	15	1	0	1.0	(0.7, 1.6)
Commercial	45	13	1	1	0.9	(0.6, 1.5)
Commercial	46	13	0	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.5)
Commercial	47	12	0	1	0.9	(0.6, 1.5)
Commercial	48	10	1	1	0.9	(0.5, 1.4)
Medicaid	0	6406	5	0	99.9	(99.9, 100.0)
Medicaid	1	4503	1826	72	71.4	(70.3, 72.5)
Medicaid	2	3709	740	54	59.6	(58.4, 60.8)
Medicaid	3	2544	1077	88	42.1	(40.9, 43.4)
Medicaid	4	1904	597	43	32.1	(31.0, 33.3)
Medicaid	5	1537	344	23	26.3	(25.2, 27.4)
Medicaid	6	1264	255	18	21.9	(20.9, 23.0)
Medicaid	7	1037	211	16	18.2	(17.3, 19.2)
Medicaid	8	875	144	18	15.7	(14.8, 16.6)
Medicaid	9	738	126	11	13.4	(12.6, 14.3)
Medicaid	10	629	98	11	11.6	(10.8, 12.5)
Medicaid	11	550	69	10	10.3	(9.6, 11.2)
Medicaid	12	461	76	13	8.9	(8.2, 9.7)
Medicaid	13	401	54	6	7.8	(7.2, 8.6)
Medicaid	14	353	40	8	7.0	(6.4, 7.8)
Medicaid	15	312	37	4	6.3	(5.7, 7.0)
Medicaid	16	277	35	2	5.6	(5.0, 6.2)
Medicaid	17	243	29	3	5.0	(4.4, 5.6)
Medicaid	18	215	24	4	4.5	(4.0, 5.1)
Medicaid	19	199	15	1	4.2	(3.7, 4.8)
Medicaid	20	179	18	2	3.8	(3.3, 4.4)
Medicaid	21	161	17	1	3.4	(3.0, 4.0)
Medicaid	22	147	14	0	3.1	(2.7, 3.7)
Medicaid	23	123	21	3	2.7	(2.3, 3.2)
Medicaid	24	107	14	2	2.4	(2.0, 2.8)
Medicaid	25	103	4	0	2.3	(1.9, 2.7)
Medicaid	26	95	7	1	2.1	(1.8, 2.6)
Medicaid	27	83	11	1	1.9	(1.5, 2.3)
Medicaid	28	79	4	0	1.8	(1.5, 2.2)
Medicaid	29	67	12	0	1.5	(1.2, 1.9)
Medicaid	30	61	4	2	1.4	(1.1, 1.8)
Medicaid	31	56	5	0	1.3	(1.0, 1.7)
Medicaid	32	49	6	1	1.2	(0.9, 1.5)
Medicaid	33	43	6	0	1.0	(0.8, 1.4)
Medicaid	34	39	3	1	1.0	(0.7, 1.3)
Medicaid	35	38	1	0	0.9	(0.7, 1.3)
Medicaid	36	38	0	0	0.9	(0.7, 1.3)
Medicaid	37	38	0	0	0.9	(0.7, 1.3)
Medicaid	38	37	0	1	0.9	(0.7, 1.3)
Medicaid	39	32	5	0	0.8	(0.6, 1.1)
Medicaid	40	30	2	0	0.8	(0.5, 1.1)
Medicaid	41	27	3	0	0.7	(0.5, 1.0)
Medicaid	42	26	1	0	0.7	(0.5, 0.9)
Medicaid	43	24	2	0	0.6	(0.4, 0.9)
Medicaid	44	23	1	0	0.6	(0.4, 0.9)
Medicaid	45	23	0	0	0.6	(0.4, 0.9)
Medicaid	46	20	2	1	0.5	(0.3, 0.8)
Medicaid	47	18	2	0	0.5	(0.3, 0.7)
Medicaid	48	17	1	0	0.4	(0.3, 0.7)

By age category

Hydroxyurea: life table by age category.

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
18-34	0	4397	4	0	99.9	(99.8, 100.0)
18-34	1	2714	1616	63	63.1	(61.7, 64.6)
18-34	2	2207	461	46	52.3	(50.9, 53.8)
18-34	3	1385	726	96	34.8	(33.4, 36.2)
18-34	4	1059	293	33	27.3	(26.0, 28.7)
18-34	5	840	184	35	22.5	(21.3, 23.8)
18-34	6	620	180	40	17.6	(16.4, 18.8)
18-34	7	487	108	25	14.4	(13.4, 15.6)
18-34	8	405	66	16	12.5	(11.4, 13.6)
18-34	9	320	65	20	10.4	(9.5, 11.5)
18-34	10	256	54	10	8.6	(7.7, 9.6)
18-34	11	221	28	7	7.7	(6.8, 8.6)
18-34	12	170	41	10	6.2	(5.4, 7.1)
18-34	13	139	22	9	5.4	(4.6, 6.2)
18-34	14	117	18	4	4.7	(4.0, 5.5)
18-34	15	100	14	3	4.1	(3.4, 4.9)
18-34	16	89	8	4	3.8	(3.1, 4.5)
18-34	17	79	9	0	3.4	(2.8, 4.1)
18-34	18	68	7	4	3.1	(2.5, 3.8)
18-34	19	58	7	3	2.7	(2.2, 3.4)
18-34	20	49	7	2	2.4	(1.9, 3.1)
18-34	21	45	4	0	2.2	(1.7, 2.9)
18-34	22	41	3	1	2.1	(1.6, 2.7)
18-34	23	34	7	0	1.7	(1.3, 2.3)
18-34	24	29	5	0	1.5	(1.0, 2.0)
18-34	25	26	2	1	1.4	(1.0, 1.9)
18-34	26	24	1	1	1.3	(0.9, 1.9)
18-34	27	23	1	0	1.2	(0.9, 1.8)
18-34	28	22	1	0	1.2	(0.8, 1.7)
18-34	29	21	0	1	1.2	(0.8, 1.7)
18-34	30	19	1	1	1.1	(0.8, 1.7)
18-34	31	18	1	0	1.1	(0.7, 1.6)
18-34	32	17	1	0	1.0	(0.7, 1.5)
18-34	33	15	2	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.4)
18-34	34	13	0	2	0.9	(0.6, 1.4)
18-34	35	13	0	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.4)
18-34	36	13	0	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.4)
18-34	37	13	0	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.4)
18-34	38	13	0	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.4)
18-34	39	12	1	0	0.8	(0.5, 1.3)
18-34	40	12	0	0	0.8	(0.5, 1.3)
18-34	41	12	0	0	0.8	(0.5, 1.3)
18-34	42	12	0	0	0.8	(0.5, 1.3)
18-34	43	11	1	0	0.8	(0.5, 1.3)
18-34	44	10	1	0	0.7	(0.4, 1.2)
18-34	45	10	0	0	0.7	(0.4, 1.2)
18-34	46	9	0	1	0.7	(0.4, 1.2)
18-34	47	9	0	0	0.7	(0.4, 1.2)
18-34	48	7	1	1	0.6	(0.3, 1.1)
35-54	0	1754	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
35-54	1	1227	502	25	71.4	(69.3, 73.5)
35-54	2	1059	153	15	62.4	(60.2, 64.7)
35-54	3	776	241	42	48.0	(45.7, 50.4)
35-54	4	629	122	25	40.3	(38.1, 42.8)
35-54	5	537	74	18	35.5	(33.3, 37.9)
35-54	6	436	75	26	30.4	(28.3, 32.8)
35-54	7	369	57	10	26.4	(24.3, 28.7)
35-54	8	323	32	14	24.1	(22.0, 26.3)
35-54	9	261	43	19	20.8	(18.9, 23.0)
35-54	10	228	27	6	18.6	(16.7, 20.7)
35-54	11	200	22	6	16.8	(15.0, 18.9)
35-54	12	167	31	2	14.2	(12.5, 16.2)
35-54	13	144	17	6	12.7	(11.1, 14.6)
35-54	14	131	10	3	11.8	(10.2, 13.7)
35-54	15	115	9	7	11.0	(9.4, 12.9)
35-54	16	104	9	2	10.1	(8.6, 11.9)
35-54	17	95	5	4	9.6	(8.1, 11.4)
35-54	18	84	10	1	8.6	(7.2, 10.4)
35-54	19	73	6	5	8.0	(6.6, 9.7)
35-54	20	64	7	2	7.2	(5.9, 8.9)
35-54	21	52	9	3	6.2	(4.9, 7.8)
35-54	22	46	6	0	5.5	(4.3, 7.0)
35-54	23	42	4	0	5.0	(3.8, 6.5)
35-54	24	37	4	1	4.5	(3.4, 6.0)
35-54	25	32	3	2	4.1	(3.1, 5.6)
35-54	26	28	3	1	3.8	(2.7, 5.2)
35-54	27	26	1	1	3.6	(2.6, 5.0)
35-54	28	25	1	0	3.5	(2.5, 4.9)
35-54	29	19	6	0	2.6	(1.8, 4.0)
35-54	30	16	1	2	2.5	(1.6, 3.8)
35-54	31	16	0	0	2.5	(1.6, 3.8)
35-54	32	13	3	0	2.0	(1.3, 3.3)
35-54	33	12	1	0	1.9	(1.1, 3.1)
35-54	34	11	1	0	1.7	(1.0, 2.9)
35-54	35	10	1	0	1.6	(0.9, 2.7)
35-54	36	10	0	0	1.6	(0.9, 2.7)
35-54	37	10	0	0	1.6	(0.9, 2.7)
35-54	38	10	0	0	1.6	(0.9, 2.7)
35-54	39	8	2	0	1.2	(0.7, 2.4)
35-54	40	6	1	1	1.1	(0.5, 2.2)
35-54	41	5	1	0	0.9	(0.4, 2.0)
35-54	42	5	0	0	0.9	(0.4, 2.0)
35-54	43	3	2	0	0.5	(0.2, 1.6)
35-54	44	3	0	0	0.5	(0.2, 1.6)
35-54	45	3	0	0	0.5	(0.2, 1.6)
35-54	46	2	1	0	0.4	(0.1, 1.4)
35-54	47	2	0	0	0.4	(0.1, 1.4)
35-54	48	2	0	0	0.4	(0.1, 1.4)
55+	0	272	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
55+	1	207	62	3	77.2	(72.4, 82.4)
55+	2	183	21	3	69.3	(64.0, 75.0)
55+	3	149	23	11	60.5	(55.0, 66.7)
55+	4	127	17	5	53.6	(47.9, 60.0)
55+	5	111	14	2	47.6	(41.9, 54.2)
55+	6	91	15	5	41.0	(35.4, 47.7)
55+	7	84	6	1	38.3	(32.7, 44.9)
55+	8	78	5	1	36.0	(30.5, 42.6)
55+	9	61	15	2	28.9	(23.7, 35.4)
55+	10	54	6	1	26.1	(21.0, 32.4)
55+	11	44	6	4	23.2	(18.3, 29.4)
55+	12	40	2	2	22.1	(17.2, 28.2)
55+	13	34	5	1	19.3	(14.7, 25.4)
55+	14	31	1	2	18.7	(14.1, 24.7)
55+	15	27	4	0	16.3	(11.9, 22.2)
55+	16	26	1	0	15.7	(11.4, 21.6)
55+	17	22	2	2	14.4	(10.2, 20.2)
55+	18	18	3	1	12.4	(8.5, 18.2)
55+	19	17	1	0	11.7	(7.9, 17.4)
55+	20	17	0	0	11.7	(7.9, 17.4)
55+	21	16	1	0	11.0	(7.3, 16.7)
55+	22	16	0	0	11.0	(7.3, 16.7)
55+	23	15	0	1	11.0	(7.3, 16.7)
55+	24	14	0	1	11.0	(7.3, 16.7)
55+	25	13	1	0	10.2	(6.6, 15.9)
55+	26	13	0	0	10.2	(6.6, 15.9)
55+	27	12	1	0	9.5	(5.9, 15.1)
55+	28	10	2	0	7.9	(4.6, 13.4)
55+	29	9	1	0	7.1	(4.0, 12.5)
55+	30	7	1	1	6.2	(3.3, 11.6)
55+	31	7	0	0	6.2	(3.3, 11.6)
55+	32	7	0	0	6.2	(3.3, 11.6)
55+	33	5	2	0	4.4	(2.0, 9.7)
55+	34	4	1	0	3.5	(1.4, 8.7)
55+	35	3	1	0	2.7	(0.9, 7.7)
55+	36	3	0	0	2.7	(0.9, 7.7)
55+	37	2	1	0	1.8	(0.5, 6.7)
55+	38	2	0	0	1.8	(0.5, 6.7)
55+	39	2	0	0	1.8	(0.5, 6.7)
55+	40	2	0	0	1.8	(0.5, 6.7)
55+	41	2	0	0	1.8	(0.5, 6.7)
55+	42	1	1	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
55+	43	1	0	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
55+	44	1	0	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
55+	45	1	0	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
55+	46	1	0	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
55+	47	1	0	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
55+	48	1	0	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
<18	0	5948	1	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
<18	1	4662	1202	83	79.7	(78.7, 80.8)
<18	2	4026	584	52	69.7	(68.5, 70.9)
<18	3	2951	975	100	52.6	(51.4, 53.9)
<18	4	2264	626	61	41.4	(40.1, 42.6)
<18	5	1852	369	43	34.5	(33.3, 35.8)
<18	6	1526	284	42	29.2	(28.0, 30.4)
<18	7	1279	210	37	25.1	(24.0, 26.3)
<18	8	1077	175	27	21.7	(20.6, 22.8)
<18	9	911	147	19	18.7	(17.7, 19.8)
<18	10	780	115	16	16.3	(15.3, 17.3)
<18	11	674	87	19	14.5	(13.5, 15.5)
<18	12	567	81	26	12.7	(11.8, 13.6)
<18	13	500	59	8	11.4	(10.5, 12.3)
<18	14	438	52	10	10.2	(9.4, 11.0)
<18	15	387	47	4	9.1	(8.3, 9.9)
<18	16	335	49	4	7.9	(7.2, 8.7)
<18	17	293	35	6	7.1	(6.4, 7.9)
<18	18	256	30	7	6.3	(5.7, 7.1)
<18	19	233	21	2	5.8	(5.2, 6.5)
<18	20	217	14	2	5.5	(4.8, 6.2)
<18	21	196	19	2	5.0	(4.4, 5.7)
<18	22	176	19	1	4.5	(3.9, 5.2)
<18	23	147	25	4	3.9	(3.3, 4.5)
<18	24	130	15	2	3.5	(2.9, 4.1)
<18	25	124	5	1	3.3	(2.8, 3.9)
<18	26	113	8	3	3.1	(2.6, 3.7)
<18	27	98	14	1	2.7	(2.3, 3.3)
<18	28	87	7	4	2.5	(2.1, 3.1)
<18	29	75	9	3	2.3	(1.8, 2.8)
<18	30	68	4	3	2.1	(1.7, 2.6)
<18	31	60	8	0	1.9	(1.5, 2.4)
<18	32	52	7	1	1.7	(1.3, 2.1)
<18	33	46	6	0	1.5	(1.1, 1.9)
<18	34	43	2	1	1.4	(1.1, 1.8)
<18	35	42	1	0	1.4	(1.0, 1.8)
<18	36	42	0	0	1.4	(1.0, 1.8)
<18	37	39	3	0	1.3	(1.0, 1.7)
<18	38	38	0	1	1.3	(1.0, 1.7)
<18	39	32	4	2	1.1	(0.8, 1.6)
<18	40	30	2	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.5)
<18	41	28	2	0	1.0	(0.7, 1.4)
<18	42	27	1	0	1.0	(0.7, 1.4)
<18	43	25	1	1	0.9	(0.6, 1.3)
<18	44	24	1	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.3)
<18	45	22	1	1	0.8	(0.6, 1.2)
<18	46	21	1	0	0.8	(0.6, 1.2)
<18	47	18	2	1	0.7	(0.5, 1.1)
<18	48	17	1	0	0.7	(0.5, 1.1)

By sex

Hydroxyurea: life table by sex.

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
Female	0	6267	2	0	100.0	(99.9, 100.0)
Female	1	4382	1804	79	71.2	(70.0, 72.3)
Female	2	3695	639	48	60.7	(59.5, 62.0)
Female	3	2560	1018	117	43.8	(42.6, 45.1)
Female	4	1975	530	55	34.6	(33.4, 35.9)
Female	5	1645	288	42	29.5	(28.4, 30.7)
Female	6	1302	289	54	24.3	(23.2, 25.4)
Female	7	1082	187	33	20.7	(19.7, 21.8)
Female	8	905	150	27	17.8	(16.8, 18.9)
Female	9	746	127	32	15.3	(14.4, 16.3)
Female	10	628	100	18	13.2	(12.3, 14.1)
Female	11	544	68	16	11.8	(10.9, 12.7)
Female	12	449	70	25	10.2	(9.4, 11.1)
Female	13	393	43	13	9.2	(8.5, 10.1)
Female	14	357	29	7	8.5	(7.8, 9.3)
Female	15	314	35	8	7.7	(7.0, 8.5)
Female	16	284	28	3	7.0	(6.3, 7.8)
Female	17	250	26	7	6.3	(5.7, 7.1)
Female	18	216	28	6	5.6	(5.0, 6.3)
Female	19	198	13	5	5.3	(4.7, 6.0)
Female	20	178	18	2	4.8	(4.2, 5.5)
Female	21	155	20	3	4.3	(3.7, 4.9)
Female	22	141	13	1	3.9	(3.4, 4.5)
Female	23	126	12	3	3.6	(3.0, 4.2)
Female	24	108	15	3	3.1	(2.6, 3.7)
Female	25	99	6	3	3.0	(2.5, 3.5)
Female	26	87	8	4	2.7	(2.2, 3.3)
Female	27	81	6	0	2.5	(2.1, 3.1)
Female	28	76	3	2	2.4	(2.0, 3.0)
Female	29	65	8	3	2.2	(1.8, 2.7)
Female	30	54	5	6	2.0	(1.6, 2.5)
Female	31	51	3	0	1.9	(1.5, 2.4)
Female	32	45	6	0	1.7	(1.3, 2.1)
Female	33	41	4	0	1.5	(1.2, 2.0)
Female	34	39	1	1	1.5	(1.1, 1.9)
Female	35	37	2	0	1.4	(1.1, 1.9)
Female	36	37	0	0	1.4	(1.1, 1.9)
Female	37	34	3	0	1.3	(1.0, 1.7)
Female	38	34	0	0	1.3	(1.0, 1.7)
Female	39	31	2	1	1.2	(0.9, 1.7)
Female	40	28	2	1	1.1	(0.8, 1.6)
Female	41	26	2	0	1.1	(0.7, 1.5)
Female	42	24	2	0	1.0	(0.7, 1.4)
Female	43	23	1	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.3)
Female	44	23	0	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.3)
Female	45	22	0	1	0.9	(0.6, 1.3)
Female	46	19	2	1	0.8	(0.6, 1.2)
Female	47	17	1	1	0.8	(0.5, 1.2)
Female	48	16	0	1	0.8	(0.5, 1.2)
Male	0	6104	3	0	100.0	(99.9, 100.0)
Male	1	4428	1578	95	74.0	(73.0, 75.2)
Male	2	3780	580	68	64.3	(63.1, 65.5)
Male	3	2701	947	132	47.9	(46.7, 49.2)
Male	4	2104	528	69	38.5	(37.2, 39.7)
Male	5	1695	353	56	31.9	(30.7, 33.2)
Male	6	1371	265	59	26.8	(25.7, 28.0)
Male	7	1137	194	40	23.0	(21.9, 24.1)
Male	8	978	128	31	20.4	(19.3, 21.5)
Male	9	807	143	28	17.4	(16.4, 18.4)
Male	10	690	102	15	15.1	(14.2, 16.2)
Male	11	595	75	20	13.5	(12.6, 14.4)
Male	12	495	85	15	11.5	(10.7, 12.5)
Male	13	424	60	11	10.1	(9.3, 11.0)
Male	14	360	52	12	8.9	(8.1, 9.7)
Male	15	315	39	6	7.9	(7.1, 8.7)
Male	16	270	39	7	6.9	(6.2, 7.7)
Male	17	239	25	5	6.3	(5.6, 7.0)
Male	18	210	22	7	5.7	(5.0, 6.4)
Male	19	183	22	5	5.1	(4.4, 5.8)
Male	20	169	10	4	4.8	(4.2, 5.5)
Male	21	154	13	2	4.4	(3.8, 5.1)
Male	22	138	15	1	4.0	(3.4, 4.6)
Male	23	112	24	2	3.3	(2.8, 3.9)
Male	24	102	9	1	3.0	(2.5, 3.6)
Male	25	96	5	1	2.9	(2.4, 3.5)
Male	26	91	4	1	2.8	(2.3, 3.3)
Male	27	78	11	2	2.4	(2.0, 3.0)
Male	28	68	8	2	2.2	(1.7, 2.7)
Male	29	59	8	1	1.9	(1.5, 2.4)
Male	30	56	2	1	1.8	(1.4, 2.3)
Male	31	50	6	0	1.6	(1.3, 2.1)
Male	32	44	5	1	1.5	(1.1, 1.9)
Male	33	37	7	0	1.2	(0.9, 1.7)
Male	34	32	3	2	1.1	(0.8, 1.6)
Male	35	31	1	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.5)
Male	36	31	0	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.5)
Male	37	30	1	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.5)
Male	38	29	0	1	1.1	(0.8, 1.5)
Male	39	23	5	1	0.9	(0.6, 1.3)
Male	40	22	1	0	0.8	(0.6, 1.2)
Male	41	21	1	0	0.8	(0.5, 1.2)
Male	42	21	0	0	0.8	(0.5, 1.2)
Male	43	17	3	1	0.7	(0.4, 1.1)
Male	44	15	2	0	0.6	(0.4, 1.0)
Male	45	14	1	0	0.6	(0.3, 0.9)
Male	46	14	0	0	0.6	(0.3, 0.9)
Male	47	13	1	0	0.5	(0.3, 0.9)
Male	48	11	2	0	0.4	(0.3, 0.8)

11.2 L-glutamine

Overall

L-glutamine: overall life table.

Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
0	706	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
1	375	318	13	55.0	(51.4, 58.8)
2	299	69	7	44.7	(41.2, 48.6)
3	179	107	13	28.4	(25.2, 32.0)
4	121	53	5	19.8	(17.0, 23.1)
5	81	37	3	13.7	(11.2, 16.6)
6	64	17	0	10.8	(8.6, 13.5)
7	47	16	1	8.1	(6.2, 10.6)
8	36	10	1	6.3	(4.7, 8.6)
9	26	9	1	4.7	(3.3, 6.8)
10	22	4	0	4.0	(2.7, 6.0)
11	19	3	0	3.5	(2.2, 5.3)
12	12	6	1	2.3	(1.4, 4.0)
13	11	1	0	2.1	(1.2, 3.7)
14	9	0	2	2.1	(1.2, 3.7)
15	7	2	0	1.7	(0.9, 3.2)
16	5	1	1	1.4	(0.7, 2.9)
17	3	2	0	0.8	(0.3, 2.4)
18	3	0	0	0.8	(0.3, 2.4)
19	3	0	0	0.8	(0.3, 2.4)
20	2	1	0	0.6	(0.2, 2.1)
21	2	0	0	0.6	(0.2, 2.1)
22	1	1	0	0.3	(0.0, 1.9)
23	1	0	0	0.3	(0.0, 1.9)
24	0	1	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
25	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
26	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
27	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
28	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
29	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
30	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
31	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
32	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
33	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
34	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)

By insurance

L-glutamine: life table by insurance.

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
Commercial	0	307	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
Commercial	1	148	149	10	51.5	(46.2, 57.4)
Commercial	2	115	28	5	41.5	(36.3, 47.5)
Commercial	3	68	41	6	26.4	(21.7, 32.1)
Commercial	4	46	21	1	18.1	(14.1, 23.4)
Commercial	5	30	15	1	12.1	(8.8, 16.8)
Commercial	6	23	7	0	9.3	(6.4, 13.6)
Commercial	7	18	4	1	7.7	(5.0, 11.7)
Commercial	8	13	4	1	5.9	(3.6, 9.7)
Commercial	9	11	1	1	5.4	(3.2, 9.1)
Commercial	10	9	2	0	4.4	(2.4, 8.0)
Commercial	11	8	1	0	3.9	(2.1, 7.4)
Commercial	12	8	0	0	3.9	(2.1, 7.4)
Commercial	13	7	1	0	3.4	(1.7, 6.9)
Commercial	14	7	0	0	3.4	(1.7, 6.9)
Commercial	15	6	1	0	2.9	(1.4, 6.3)
Commercial	16	5	0	1	2.9	(1.4, 6.3)
Commercial	17	3	2	0	1.8	(0.6, 5.0)
Commercial	18	3	0	0	1.8	(0.6, 5.0)
Commercial	19	3	0	0	1.8	(0.6, 5.0)
Commercial	20	2	1	0	1.2	(0.3, 4.4)
Commercial	21	2	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 4.4)
Commercial	22	1	1	0	0.6	(0.1, 4.0)
Commercial	23	1	0	0	0.6	(0.1, 4.0)
Commercial	24	0	1	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	25	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	26	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	27	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	28	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	29	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	30	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	31	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	32	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	33	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	34	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	0	399	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
Medicaid	1	227	169	3	57.6	(53.0, 62.7)
Medicaid	2	184	41	2	47.2	(42.5, 52.4)
Medicaid	3	111	66	7	29.9	(25.6, 34.8)
Medicaid	4	75	32	4	21.1	(17.3, 25.6)
Medicaid	5	51	22	2	14.8	(11.6, 18.9)
Medicaid	6	41	10	0	11.9	(9.0, 15.8)
Medicaid	7	29	12	0	8.4	(6.0, 11.9)
Medicaid	8	23	6	0	6.7	(4.5, 9.9)
Medicaid	9	15	8	0	4.4	(2.7, 7.1)
Medicaid	10	13	2	0	3.8	(2.2, 6.4)
Medicaid	11	11	2	0	3.2	(1.8, 5.7)
Medicaid	12	4	6	1	1.3	(0.5, 3.4)
Medicaid	13	4	0	0	1.3	(0.5, 3.4)
Medicaid	14	2	0	2	1.3	(0.5, 3.4)
Medicaid	15	1	1	0	0.7	(0.1, 3.5)
Medicaid	16	0	1	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	17	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	18	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	19	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	20	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	21	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	22	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	23	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	24	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	25	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	26	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	27	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	28	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	29	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	30	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	31	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	32	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	33	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	34	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)

By age category

L-glutamine: life table by age category.

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
18-34	0	231	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
18-34	1	93	133	5	42.4	(36.5, 49.3)
18-34	2	76	17	0	34.7	(29.0, 41.4)
18-34	3	42	28	6	21.4	(16.6, 27.6)
18-34	4	26	16	0	13.2	(9.3, 18.7)
18-34	5	18	7	1	9.6	(6.3, 14.6)
18-34	6	12	6	0	6.4	(3.7, 10.9)
18-34	7	11	1	0	5.8	(3.3, 10.2)
18-34	8	7	3	1	4.1	(2.1, 8.2)
18-34	9	4	3	0	2.4	(0.9, 6.0)
18-34	10	4	0	0	2.4	(0.9, 6.0)
18-34	11	3	1	0	1.8	(0.6, 5.3)
18-34	12	2	1	0	1.2	(0.3, 4.6)
18-34	13	2	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 4.6)
18-34	14	2	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 4.6)
18-34	15	1	1	0	0.6	(0.1, 4.1)
18-34	16	0	1	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	17	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	18	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	19	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	20	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	21	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	22	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	23	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	24	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	25	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	26	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	27	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	28	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	29	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	30	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	31	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	32	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	33	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	34	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18-34	48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	0	103	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
35-54	1	57	42	4	59.2	(50.5, 69.5)
35-54	2	43	11	3	47.3	(38.4, 58.2)
35-54	3	26	14	3	31.5	(23.3, 42.5)
35-54	4	18	7	1	22.7	(15.4, 33.4)
35-54	5	14	3	1	18.7	(12.0, 29.2)
35-54	6	10	4	0	13.4	(7.7, 23.2)
35-54	7	6	4	0	8.0	(3.8, 17.0)
35-54	8	5	1	0	6.7	(2.9, 15.3)
35-54	9	3	1	1	5.0	(1.8, 13.7)
35-54	10	3	0	0	5.0	(1.8, 13.7)
35-54	11	3	0	0	5.0	(1.8, 13.7)
35-54	12	3	0	0	5.0	(1.8, 13.7)
35-54	13	2	1	0	3.3	(0.9, 12.1)
35-54	14	2	0	0	3.3	(0.9, 12.1)
35-54	15	2	0	0	3.3	(0.9, 12.1)
35-54	16	2	0	0	3.3	(0.9, 12.1)
35-54	17	2	0	0	3.3	(0.9, 12.1)
35-54	18	2	0	0	3.3	(0.9, 12.1)
35-54	19	2	0	0	3.3	(0.9, 12.1)
35-54	20	1	1	0	1.7	(0.3, 11.1)
35-54	21	1	0	0	1.7	(0.3, 11.1)
35-54	22	1	0	0	1.7	(0.3, 11.1)
35-54	23	1	0	0	1.7	(0.3, 11.1)
35-54	24	0	1	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	25	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	26	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	27	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	28	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	29	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	30	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	31	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	32	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	33	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	34	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	0	12	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
55+	1	9	3	0	75.0	(54.1, 100.0)
55+	2	7	2	0	58.3	(36.2, 94.1)
55+	3	3	4	0	25.0	(9.4, 66.6)
55+	4	0	3	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	5	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	6	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	7	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	8	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	9	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	10	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	11	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	12	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	13	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	14	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	15	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	16	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	17	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	18	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	19	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	20	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	21	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	22	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	23	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	24	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	25	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	26	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	27	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	28	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	29	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	30	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	31	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	32	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	33	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	34	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	0	360	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
<18	1	216	140	4	61.1	(56.3, 66.4)
<18	2	173	39	4	50.0	(45.0, 55.4)
<18	3	108	61	4	32.2	(27.6, 37.5)
<18	4	77	27	4	23.9	(19.8, 28.9)
<18	5	49	27	1	15.5	(12.1, 19.9)
<18	6	42	7	0	13.3	(10.1, 17.5)
<18	7	30	11	1	9.8	(7.0, 13.6)
<18	8	24	6	0	7.8	(5.4, 11.4)
<18	9	19	5	0	6.2	(4.0, 9.5)
<18	10	15	4	0	4.9	(3.0, 8.0)
<18	11	13	2	0	4.2	(2.5, 7.2)
<18	12	7	5	1	2.5	(1.2, 5.1)
<18	13	7	0	0	2.5	(1.2, 5.1)
<18	14	5	0	2	2.5	(1.2, 5.1)
<18	15	4	1	0	2.0	(0.9, 4.6)
<18	16	3	0	1	2.0	(0.9, 4.6)
<18	17	1	2	0	0.7	(0.1, 4.0)
<18	18	1	0	0	0.7	(0.1, 4.0)
<18	19	1	0	0	0.7	(0.1, 4.0)
<18	20	1	0	0	0.7	(0.1, 4.0)
<18	21	1	0	0	0.7	(0.1, 4.0)
<18	22	0	1	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	23	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	24	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	25	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	26	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	27	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	28	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	29	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	30	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	31	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	32	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	33	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	34	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)

By sex

L-glutamine: life table by sex.

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
Female	0	389	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
Female	1	198	185	6	52.4	(47.7, 57.6)
Female	2	161	33	4	43.6	(38.9, 48.8)
Female	3	96	57	8	27.8	(23.6, 32.8)
Female	4	62	30	4	18.9	(15.3, 23.5)
Female	5	43	18	1	13.4	(10.2, 17.5)
Female	6	33	10	0	10.3	(7.5, 14.0)
Female	7	25	7	1	8.1	(5.6, 11.6)
Female	8	18	7	0	5.8	(3.8, 9.0)
Female	9	13	5	0	4.2	(2.5, 7.1)
Female	10	10	3	0	3.2	(1.8, 5.9)
Female	11	7	3	0	2.3	(1.1, 4.7)
Female	12	4	2	1	1.5	(0.6, 3.8)
Female	13	4	0	0	1.5	(0.6, 3.8)
Female	14	4	0	0	1.5	(0.6, 3.8)
Female	15	4	0	0	1.5	(0.6, 3.8)
Female	16	3	1	0	1.1	(0.4, 3.3)
Female	17	2	1	0	0.8	(0.2, 2.9)
Female	18	2	0	0	0.8	(0.2, 2.9)
Female	19	2	0	0	0.8	(0.2, 2.9)
Female	20	1	1	0	0.4	(0.1, 2.6)
Female	21	1	0	0	0.4	(0.1, 2.6)
Female	22	0	1	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	23	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	24	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	25	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	26	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	27	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	28	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	29	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	30	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	31	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	32	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	33	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	34	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Female	48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	0	317	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
Male	1	177	133	7	58.0	(52.9, 63.7)
Male	2	138	36	3	46.2	(41.0, 52.1)
Male	3	83	50	5	29.1	(24.4, 34.7)
Male	4	59	23	1	20.9	(16.8, 26.1)
Male	5	38	19	2	14.1	(10.6, 18.7)
Male	6	31	7	0	11.5	(8.3, 15.9)
Male	7	22	9	0	8.1	(5.5, 12.1)
Male	8	18	3	1	7.0	(4.6, 10.8)
Male	9	13	4	1	5.4	(3.2, 8.9)
Male	10	12	1	0	5.0	(2.9, 8.4)
Male	11	12	0	0	5.0	(2.9, 8.4)
Male	12	8	4	0	3.3	(1.7, 6.4)
Male	13	7	1	0	2.9	(1.4, 5.9)
Male	14	5	0	2	2.9	(1.4, 5.9)
Male	15	3	2	0	1.7	(0.6, 4.8)
Male	16	2	0	1	1.7	(0.6, 4.8)
Male	17	1	1	0	0.9	(0.2, 4.8)
Male	18	1	0	0	0.9	(0.2, 4.8)
Male	19	1	0	0	0.9	(0.2, 4.8)
Male	20	1	0	0	0.9	(0.2, 4.8)
Male	21	1	0	0	0.9	(0.2, 4.8)
Male	22	1	0	0	0.9	(0.2, 4.8)
Male	23	1	0	0	0.9	(0.2, 4.8)
Male	24	0	1	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	25	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	26	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	27	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	28	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	29	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	30	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	31	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	32	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	33	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	34	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Male	48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)

11.3 Crizanlizumab

Only overall life table shown given small n (= 34).

Overall

Crizanlizumab: overall life table.

Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
0	33	22	0	33.3	(20.6, 54.0)
1	6	5	0	18.2	(8.8, 37.5)
2	5	1	0	15.2	(6.8, 34.0)
3	4	0	1	15.2	(6.8, 34.0)
4	4	0	0	15.2	(6.8, 34.0)
5	1	3	0	3.8	(0.6, 24.8)
6	0	1	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
7	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
8	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
9	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
10	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
11	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
12	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
13	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
14	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
15	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
16	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
17	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
18	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
19	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
20	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
21	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
22	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
23	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
24	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
25	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
26	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
27	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
28	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
29	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
30	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
31	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
32	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
33	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
34	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)

11.4 Voxelotor

Overall

Voxelotor: overall life table.

Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
0	818	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
1	575	215	28	73.7	(70.8, 76.8)
2	464	93	18	61.7	(58.4, 65.1)
3	344	94	26	48.8	(45.4, 52.5)
4	258	67	19	39.0	(35.6, 42.7)
5	205	42	11	32.5	(29.3, 36.2)
6	155	38	12	26.4	(23.3, 29.9)
7	127	21	7	22.7	(19.7, 26.1)
8	95	23	9	18.4	(15.6, 21.7)
9	83	9	3	16.6	(13.9, 19.9)
10	65	15	3	13.6	(11.1, 16.7)
11	51	11	3	11.2	(8.9, 14.2)
12	38	8	5	9.5	(7.3, 12.3)
13	32	4	2	8.4	(6.3, 11.2)
14	31	1	0	8.2	(6.1, 11.0)
15	27	4	0	7.1	(5.2, 9.8)
16	23	2	2	6.6	(4.7, 9.3)
17	14	4	5	5.2	(3.5, 7.9)
18	13	1	0	4.8	(3.1, 7.5)
19	12	1	0	4.5	(2.8, 7.1)
20	11	1	0	4.1	(2.5, 6.7)
21	8	3	0	3.0	(1.6, 5.5)
22	6	0	2	3.0	(1.6, 5.5)
23	5	1	0	2.5	(1.2, 5.0)
24	4	0	1	2.5	(1.2, 5.0)
25	3	0	1	2.5	(1.2, 5.0)
26	3	0	0	2.5	(1.2, 5.0)
27	3	0	0	2.5	(1.2, 5.0)
28	3	0	0	2.5	(1.2, 5.0)
29	3	0	0	2.5	(1.2, 5.0)
30	3	0	0	2.5	(1.2, 5.0)
31	2	0	1	2.5	(1.2, 5.0)
32	2	0	0	2.5	(1.2, 5.0)
33	2	0	0	2.5	(1.2, 5.0)
34	1	1	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
35	1	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
36	1	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
37	1	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
38	1	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
39	1	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
40	0	0	1	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
41	0	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
42	0	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
43	0	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
44	0	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
45	0	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
46	0	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
47	0	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)
48	0	0	0	1.2	(0.3, 5.9)

By insurance

Voxelotor: life table by insurance.

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
Commercial	0	378	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
Commercial	1	269	96	13	74.6	(70.3, 79.1)
Commercial	2	228	36	5	64.5	(59.8, 69.6)
Commercial	3	175	47	6	51.0	(46.1, 56.5)
Commercial	4	139	30	6	42.2	(37.3, 47.7)
Commercial	5	106	27	6	33.9	(29.2, 39.2)
Commercial	6	79	20	7	27.3	(22.9, 32.5)
Commercial	7	66	10	3	23.8	(19.5, 28.9)
Commercial	8	52	8	6	20.7	(16.7, 25.8)
Commercial	9	47	3	2	19.5	(15.5, 24.5)
Commercial	10	40	5	2	17.4	(13.5, 22.3)
Commercial	11	29	8	3	13.8	(10.3, 18.6)
Commercial	12	20	6	3	10.9	(7.6, 15.5)
Commercial	13	18	2	0	9.8	(6.7, 14.3)
Commercial	14	17	1	0	9.2	(6.2, 13.8)
Commercial	15	16	1	0	8.7	(5.7, 13.2)
Commercial	16	14	0	2	8.7	(5.7, 13.2)
Commercial	17	10	2	2	7.2	(4.5, 11.8)
Commercial	18	10	0	0	7.2	(4.5, 11.8)
Commercial	19	9	1	0	6.5	(3.8, 11.1)
Commercial	20	8	1	0	5.8	(3.3, 10.3)
Commercial	21	6	2	0	4.3	(2.2, 8.8)
Commercial	22	5	0	1	4.3	(2.2, 8.8)
Commercial	23	4	1	0	3.5	(1.5, 8.0)
Commercial	24	3	0	1	3.5	(1.5, 8.0)
Commercial	25	2	0	1	3.5	(1.5, 8.0)
Commercial	26	2	0	0	3.5	(1.5, 8.0)
Commercial	27	2	0	0	3.5	(1.5, 8.0)
Commercial	28	2	0	0	3.5	(1.5, 8.0)
Commercial	29	2	0	0	3.5	(1.5, 8.0)
Commercial	30	2	0	0	3.5	(1.5, 8.0)
Commercial	31	1	0	1	3.5	(1.5, 8.0)
Commercial	32	1	0	0	3.5	(1.5, 8.0)
Commercial	33	1	0	0	3.5	(1.5, 8.0)
Commercial	34	0	1	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Commercial	48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
Medicaid	0	440	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
Medicaid	1	306	119	15	73.0	(68.9, 77.2)
Medicaid	2	236	57	13	59.2	(54.7, 64.1)
Medicaid	3	169	47	20	46.9	(42.3, 52.0)
Medicaid	4	119	37	13	36.0	(31.5, 41.2)
Medicaid	5	99	15	5	31.4	(27.0, 36.5)
Medicaid	6	76	18	5	25.6	(21.4, 30.6)
Medicaid	7	61	11	4	21.8	(17.8, 26.7)
Medicaid	8	43	15	3	16.3	(12.6, 20.9)
Medicaid	9	36	6	1	14.0	(10.6, 18.5)
Medicaid	10	25	10	1	10.1	(7.1, 14.2)
Medicaid	11	22	3	0	8.9	(6.1, 12.9)
Medicaid	12	18	2	2	8.0	(5.4, 12.0)
Medicaid	13	14	2	2	7.1	(4.6, 11.0)
Medicaid	14	14	0	0	7.1	(4.6, 11.0)
Medicaid	15	11	3	0	5.6	(3.3, 9.3)
Medicaid	16	9	2	0	4.6	(2.5, 8.2)
Medicaid	17	4	2	3	3.3	(1.5, 6.9)
Medicaid	18	3	1	0	2.4	(1.0, 6.2)
Medicaid	19	3	0	0	2.4	(1.0, 6.2)
Medicaid	20	3	0	0	2.4	(1.0, 6.2)
Medicaid	21	2	1	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	22	1	0	1	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	23	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	24	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	25	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	26	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	27	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	28	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	29	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	30	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	31	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	32	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	33	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	34	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	35	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	36	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	37	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	38	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	39	1	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	40	0	0	1	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	41	0	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	42	0	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	43	0	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	44	0	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	45	0	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	46	0	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	47	0	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)
Medicaid	48	0	0	0	1.6	(0.5, 5.6)

By age category

Voxelotor: life table by age category.

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
18-34	0	259	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
18-34	1	177	71	11	72.6	(67.4, 78.2)
18-34	2	131	40	6	55.9	(50.1, 62.4)
18-34	3	91	31	9	42.4	(36.6, 49.1)
18-34	4	63	22	6	31.8	(26.2, 38.4)
18-34	5	49	11	3	26.2	(20.9, 32.7)
18-34	6	31	15	3	17.8	(13.2, 23.9)
18-34	7	23	7	1	13.7	(9.6, 19.6)
18-34	8	19	3	1	11.9	(8.0, 17.6)
18-34	9	18	0	1	11.9	(8.0, 17.6)
18-34	10	14	3	1	9.9	(6.3, 15.4)
18-34	11	11	3	0	7.7	(4.6, 13.0)
18-34	12	10	1	0	7.0	(4.0, 12.3)
18-34	13	9	1	0	6.3	(3.5, 11.4)
18-34	14	9	0	0	6.3	(3.5, 11.4)
18-34	15	8	1	0	5.6	(3.0, 10.6)
18-34	16	7	1	0	4.9	(2.5, 9.8)
18-34	17	5	1	1	4.2	(2.0, 8.9)
18-34	18	5	0	0	4.2	(2.0, 8.9)
18-34	19	5	0	0	4.2	(2.0, 8.9)
18-34	20	5	0	0	4.2	(2.0, 8.9)
18-34	21	4	1	0	3.4	(1.4, 8.1)
18-34	22	3	0	1	3.4	(1.4, 8.1)
18-34	23	2	1	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	24	1	0	1	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	25	1	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	26	1	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	27	1	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	28	1	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	29	1	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	30	1	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	31	0	0	1	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	32	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	33	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	34	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	35	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	36	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	37	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	38	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	39	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	40	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	41	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	42	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	43	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	44	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	45	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	46	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	47	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
18-34	48	0	0	0	2.3	(0.7, 7.3)
35-54	0	142	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
35-54	1	95	45	2	68.3	(61.1, 76.4)
35-54	2	82	12	1	59.7	(52.1, 68.4)
35-54	3	67	14	1	49.5	(41.8, 58.5)
35-54	4	56	9	2	42.7	(35.2, 51.8)
35-54	5	40	13	3	32.5	(25.4, 41.5)
35-54	6	32	6	2	27.4	(20.8, 36.3)
35-54	7	26	4	2	24.0	(17.6, 32.7)
35-54	8	22	1	3	23.1	(16.8, 31.7)
35-54	9	20	2	0	21.0	(14.8, 29.6)
35-54	10	18	1	1	19.9	(13.8, 28.5)
35-54	11	14	3	1	16.5	(10.8, 25.0)
35-54	12	10	4	0	11.8	(6.9, 20.1)
35-54	13	9	1	0	10.6	(6.0, 18.8)
35-54	14	9	0	0	10.6	(6.0, 18.8)
35-54	15	9	0	0	10.6	(6.0, 18.8)
35-54	16	8	0	1	10.6	(6.0, 18.8)
35-54	17	4	2	2	7.1	(3.2, 15.8)
35-54	18	4	0	0	7.1	(3.2, 15.8)
35-54	19	3	1	0	5.3	(2.0, 14.2)
35-54	20	2	1	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	21	2	0	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	22	2	0	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	23	2	0	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	24	2	0	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	25	1	0	1	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	26	1	0	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	27	1	0	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	28	1	0	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	29	1	0	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	30	1	0	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	31	1	0	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	32	1	0	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	33	1	0	0	3.5	(1.0, 12.5)
35-54	34	0	1	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
35-54	48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	0	27	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
55+	1	18	7	2	74.1	(59.3, 92.6)
55+	2	16	2	0	65.8	(49.9, 86.8)
55+	3	13	3	0	53.5	(37.2, 76.9)
55+	4	10	3	0	41.2	(25.7, 65.8)
55+	5	10	0	0	41.2	(25.7, 65.8)
55+	6	8	2	0	32.9	(18.8, 57.8)
55+	7	7	1	0	28.8	(15.5, 53.6)
55+	8	6	1	0	24.7	(12.4, 49.2)
55+	9	6	0	0	24.7	(12.4, 49.2)
55+	10	5	1	0	20.6	(9.5, 44.8)
55+	11	4	0	1	20.6	(9.5, 44.8)
55+	12	2	0	2	20.6	(9.5, 44.8)
55+	13	1	0	1	20.6	(9.5, 44.8)
55+	14	1	0	0	20.6	(9.5, 44.8)
55+	15	1	0	0	20.6	(9.5, 44.8)
55+	16	1	0	0	20.6	(9.5, 44.8)
55+	17	1	0	0	20.6	(9.5, 44.8)
55+	18	1	0	0	20.6	(9.5, 44.8)
55+	19	1	0	0	20.6	(9.5, 44.8)
55+	20	1	0	0	20.6	(9.5, 44.8)
55+	21	0	1	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	22	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	23	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	24	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	25	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	26	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	27	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	28	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	29	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	30	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	31	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	32	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	33	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	34	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	35	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	36	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	37	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	38	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	39	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	40	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	41	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	42	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	43	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	44	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	45	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	46	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	47	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
55+	48	0	0	0	0.0	(NA, NA)
<18	0	390	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
<18	1	285	92	13	76.4	(72.3, 80.7)
<18	2	235	39	11	65.8	(61.2, 70.8)
<18	3	173	46	16	52.4	(47.5, 57.8)
<18	4	129	33	11	42.0	(37.1, 47.5)
<18	5	106	18	5	36.0	(31.3, 41.6)
<18	6	84	15	7	30.9	(26.2, 36.3)
<18	7	71	9	4	27.5	(23.0, 32.9)
<18	8	48	18	5	20.1	(16.0, 25.4)
<18	9	39	7	2	17.2	(13.3, 22.3)
<18	10	28	10	1	12.7	(9.3, 17.5)
<18	11	22	5	1	10.5	(7.3, 15.0)
<18	12	16	3	3	9.0	(6.1, 13.5)
<18	13	13	2	1	7.8	(5.0, 12.2)
<18	14	12	1	0	7.2	(4.5, 11.6)
<18	15	9	3	0	5.4	(3.1, 9.6)
<18	16	7	1	1	4.8	(2.6, 9.0)
<18	17	4	1	2	3.9	(1.8, 8.2)
<18	18	3	1	0	2.9	(1.1, 7.5)
<18	19	3	0	0	2.9	(1.1, 7.5)
<18	20	3	0	0	2.9	(1.1, 7.5)
<18	21	2	1	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	22	1	0	1	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	23	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	24	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	25	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	26	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	27	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	28	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	29	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	30	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	31	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	32	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	33	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	34	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	35	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	36	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	37	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	38	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	39	1	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	40	0	0	1	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	41	0	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	42	0	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	43	0	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	44	0	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	45	0	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	46	0	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	47	0	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)
<18	48	0	0	0	1.9	(0.6, 6.7)

By sex

Voxelotor: life table by sex.

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
Female	0	457	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
Female	1	302	137	18	70.0	(65.9, 74.4)
Female	2	243	50	9	58.3	(53.9, 63.1)
Female	3	179	56	8	44.7	(40.2, 49.6)
Female	4	136	33	10	36.2	(31.9, 41.1)
Female	5	108	22	6	30.3	(26.1, 35.1)
Female	6	79	23	6	23.7	(19.8, 28.3)
Female	7	66	10	3	20.7	(16.9, 25.2)
Female	8	51	10	5	17.4	(13.9, 21.8)
Female	9	45	6	0	15.4	(12.0, 19.7)
Female	10	37	7	1	13.0	(9.8, 17.1)
Female	11	28	7	2	10.5	(7.6, 14.4)
Female	12	19	5	4	8.6	(6.0, 12.4)
Female	13	17	1	1	8.2	(5.6, 11.9)
Female	14	17	0	0	8.2	(5.6, 11.9)
Female	15	16	1	0	7.7	(5.2, 11.4)
Female	16	14	1	1	7.2	(4.7, 10.9)
Female	17	10	2	2	6.0	(3.7, 9.8)
Female	18	9	1	0	5.4	(3.2, 9.2)
Female	19	8	1	0	4.8	(2.7, 8.5)
Female	20	8	0	0	4.8	(2.7, 8.5)
Female	21	7	1	0	4.2	(2.2, 7.9)
Female	22	6	0	1	4.2	(2.2, 7.9)
Female	23	5	1	0	3.5	(1.7, 7.2)
Female	24	4	0	1	3.5	(1.7, 7.2)
Female	25	3	0	1	3.5	(1.7, 7.2)
Female	26	3	0	0	3.5	(1.7, 7.2)
Female	27	3	0	0	3.5	(1.7, 7.2)
Female	28	3	0	0	3.5	(1.7, 7.2)
Female	29	3	0	0	3.5	(1.7, 7.2)
Female	30	3	0	0	3.5	(1.7, 7.2)
Female	31	2	0	1	3.5	(1.7, 7.2)
Female	32	2	0	0	3.5	(1.7, 7.2)
Female	33	2	0	0	3.5	(1.7, 7.2)
Female	34	1	1	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	35	1	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	36	1	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	37	1	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	38	1	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	39	1	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	40	0	0	1	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	41	0	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	42	0	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	43	0	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	44	0	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	45	0	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	46	0	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	47	0	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Female	48	0	0	0	1.7	(0.4, 8.4)
Male	0	361	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
Male	1	273	78	10	78.4	(74.3, 82.8)
Male	2	221	43	9	65.9	(61.1, 71.0)
Male	3	165	38	18	54.1	(49.1, 59.7)
Male	4	122	34	9	42.5	(37.4, 48.3)
Male	5	97	20	5	35.4	(30.5, 41.2)
Male	6	76	15	6	29.7	(25.0, 35.4)
Male	7	61	11	4	25.4	(20.8, 30.9)
Male	8	44	13	4	19.7	(15.4, 25.0)
Male	9	38	3	3	18.3	(14.1, 23.6)
Male	10	28	8	2	14.3	(10.5, 19.5)
Male	11	23	4	1	12.2	(8.7, 17.2)
Male	12	19	3	1	10.6	(7.2, 15.5)
Male	13	15	3	1	8.8	(5.7, 13.6)
Male	14	14	1	0	8.2	(5.2, 12.9)
Male	15	11	3	0	6.4	(3.8, 11.0)
Male	16	9	1	1	5.9	(3.3, 10.3)
Male	17	4	2	3	4.2	(2.0, 8.7)
Male	18	4	0	0	4.2	(2.0, 8.7)
Male	19	4	0	0	4.2	(2.0, 8.7)
Male	20	3	1	0	3.1	(1.2, 7.9)
Male	21	1	2	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	22	0	0	1	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	23	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	24	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	25	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	26	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	27	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	28	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	29	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	30	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	31	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	32	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	33	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	34	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	35	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	36	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	37	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	38	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	39	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	40	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	41	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	42	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	43	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	44	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	45	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	46	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	47	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)
Male	48	0	0	0	1.0	(0.2, 6.6)

11.5 Any DMT

Overall

Any DMT: overall life table.

Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
0	12657	5	0	100.0	(99.9, 100.0)
1	9100	3374	178	73.3	(72.5, 74.0)
2	7754	1219	127	63.4	(62.5, 64.2)
3	5543	1942	269	47.3	(46.4, 48.2)
4	4316	1085	142	37.9	(37.1, 38.8)
5	3560	651	105	32.1	(31.3, 33.0)
6	2870	571	119	26.9	(26.1, 27.7)
7	2380	409	81	23.0	(22.2, 23.8)
8	2023	290	67	20.2	(19.4, 20.9)
9	1683	277	63	17.4	(16.7, 18.1)
10	1429	217	37	15.1	(14.4, 15.8)
11	1236	151	42	13.5	(12.8, 14.1)
12	1040	154	42	11.8	(11.2, 12.4)
13	890	112	38	10.5	(9.9, 11.1)
14	784	83	23	9.5	(8.9, 10.1)
15	689	79	16	8.5	(8.0, 9.1)
16	610	70	11	7.7	(7.1, 8.2)
17	535	58	15	6.9	(6.4, 7.5)
18	467	53	15	6.2	(5.7, 6.7)
19	421	35	11	5.7	(5.3, 6.3)
20	383	31	7	5.3	(4.9, 5.8)
21	340	37	6	4.8	(4.4, 5.3)
22	305	31	4	4.4	(3.9, 4.8)
23	263	38	4	3.8	(3.4, 4.3)
24	229	27	7	3.4	(3.0, 3.8)
25	210	13	6	3.2	(2.9, 3.6)
26	192	13	5	3.0	(2.7, 3.4)
27	172	17	3	2.7	(2.4, 3.1)
28	160	10	2	2.6	(2.3, 3.0)
29	138	16	6	2.3	(2.0, 2.7)
30	122	7	9	2.2	(1.9, 2.6)
31	112	9	1	2.0	(1.7, 2.4)
32	98	13	1	1.8	(1.5, 2.1)
33	85	13	0	1.6	(1.3, 1.9)
34	78	4	3	1.5	(1.2, 1.8)
35	73	5	0	1.4	(1.1, 1.7)
36	73	0	0	1.4	(1.1, 1.7)
37	70	3	0	1.3	(1.1, 1.6)
38	69	0	1	1.3	(1.1, 1.6)
39	60	7	2	1.2	(1.0, 1.5)
40	55	3	2	1.1	(0.9, 1.4)
41	50	5	0	1.0	(0.8, 1.3)
42	48	2	0	1.0	(0.8, 1.3)
43	43	4	1	0.9	(0.7, 1.2)
44	41	2	0	0.9	(0.7, 1.1)
45	39	1	1	0.8	(0.6, 1.1)
46	36	2	1	0.8	(0.6, 1.1)
47	33	2	1	0.8	(0.6, 1.0)
48	30	2	1	0.7	(0.5, 1.0)

By insurance

Any DMT: life table by insurance.

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
Commercial	0	6157	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
Commercial	1	4471	1579	107	74.3	(73.2, 75.4)
Commercial	2	3915	488	68	66.1	(65.0, 67.3)
Commercial	3	2861	885	169	50.9	(49.7, 52.2)
Commercial	4	2301	476	84	42.3	(41.1, 43.6)
Commercial	5	1915	307	79	36.6	(35.4, 37.9)
Commercial	6	1502	317	96	30.4	(29.2, 31.6)
Commercial	7	1262	182	58	26.6	(25.5, 27.8)
Commercial	8	1078	136	48	23.7	(22.6, 24.9)
Commercial	9	885	143	50	20.5	(19.4, 21.6)
Commercial	10	746	113	26	17.8	(16.8, 18.9)
Commercial	11	635	79	32	15.9	(14.9, 17.0)
Commercial	12	529	78	28	13.9	(13.0, 14.9)
Commercial	13	450	54	25	12.5	(11.5, 13.5)
Commercial	14	396	43	11	11.3	(10.4, 12.2)
Commercial	15	346	40	10	10.1	(9.2, 11.0)
Commercial	16	305	32	9	9.2	(8.3, 10.1)
Commercial	17	271	24	10	8.4	(7.6, 9.3)
Commercial	18	233	29	9	7.5	(6.7, 8.4)
Commercial	19	205	18	10	6.9	(6.2, 7.8)
Commercial	20	188	12	5	6.5	(5.8, 7.3)
Commercial	21	165	18	5	5.9	(5.2, 6.7)
Commercial	22	148	14	3	5.4	(4.7, 6.2)
Commercial	23	130	16	2	4.8	(4.1, 5.6)
Commercial	24	113	12	5	4.3	(3.7, 5.1)
Commercial	25	101	7	5	4.1	(3.4, 4.8)
Commercial	26	91	6	4	3.8	(3.2, 4.5)
Commercial	27	83	7	1	3.5	(2.9, 4.2)
Commercial	28	74	7	2	3.2	(2.6, 3.9)
Commercial	29	64	4	6	3.0	(2.5, 3.7)
Commercial	30	55	3	6	2.9	(2.3, 3.6)
Commercial	31	50	4	1	2.7	(2.1, 3.3)
Commercial	32	42	8	0	2.2	(1.7, 2.9)
Commercial	33	36	6	0	1.9	(1.4, 2.6)
Commercial	34	33	1	2	1.9	(1.4, 2.5)
Commercial	35	31	2	0	1.8	(1.3, 2.4)
Commercial	36	31	0	0	1.8	(1.3, 2.4)
Commercial	37	28	3	0	1.6	(1.1, 2.2)
Commercial	38	28	0	0	1.6	(1.1, 2.2)
Commercial	39	24	2	2	1.5	(1.0, 2.1)
Commercial	40	22	1	1	1.4	(1.0, 2.0)
Commercial	41	22	0	0	1.4	(1.0, 2.0)
Commercial	42	21	1	0	1.3	(0.9, 1.9)
Commercial	43	18	2	1	1.2	(0.8, 1.8)
Commercial	44	17	1	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.7)
Commercial	45	15	1	1	1.1	(0.7, 1.6)
Commercial	46	15	0	0	1.1	(0.7, 1.6)
Commercial	47	14	0	1	1.1	(0.7, 1.6)
Commercial	48	12	1	1	1.0	(0.6, 1.6)
Medicaid	0	6500	5	0	99.9	(99.9, 100.0)
Medicaid	1	4629	1795	71	72.3	(71.2, 73.4)
Medicaid	2	3839	731	59	60.8	(59.6, 62.0)
Medicaid	3	2682	1057	100	43.9	(42.7, 45.1)
Medicaid	4	2015	609	58	33.8	(32.6, 35.0)
Medicaid	5	1645	344	26	28.0	(26.9, 29.1)
Medicaid	6	1368	254	23	23.6	(22.6, 24.7)
Medicaid	7	1118	227	23	19.7	(18.7, 20.7)
Medicaid	8	945	154	19	17.0	(16.0, 17.9)
Medicaid	9	798	134	13	14.5	(13.7, 15.5)
Medicaid	10	683	104	11	12.6	(11.8, 13.5)
Medicaid	11	601	72	10	11.3	(10.5, 12.1)
Medicaid	12	511	76	14	9.8	(9.1, 10.7)
Medicaid	13	440	58	13	8.7	(8.0, 9.5)
Medicaid	14	388	40	12	7.9	(7.2, 8.7)
Medicaid	15	343	39	6	7.1	(6.5, 7.8)
Medicaid	16	305	38	2	6.3	(5.7, 7.0)
Medicaid	17	264	34	5	5.6	(5.0, 6.3)
Medicaid	18	234	24	6	5.1	(4.5, 5.7)
Medicaid	19	216	17	1	4.7	(4.2, 5.3)
Medicaid	20	195	19	2	4.3	(3.8, 4.9)
Medicaid	21	175	19	1	3.9	(3.4, 4.4)
Medicaid	22	157	17	1	3.5	(3.0, 4.0)
Medicaid	23	133	22	2	3.0	(2.6, 3.5)
Medicaid	24	116	15	2	2.7	(2.2, 3.2)
Medicaid	25	109	6	1	2.5	(2.1, 3.0)
Medicaid	26	101	7	1	2.4	(2.0, 2.8)
Medicaid	27	89	10	2	2.1	(1.7, 2.6)
Medicaid	28	86	3	0	2.1	(1.7, 2.5)
Medicaid	29	74	12	0	1.8	(1.4, 2.2)
Medicaid	30	67	4	3	1.7	(1.3, 2.1)
Medicaid	31	62	5	0	1.5	(1.2, 1.9)
Medicaid	32	56	5	1	1.4	(1.1, 1.8)
Medicaid	33	49	7	0	1.2	(1.0, 1.6)
Medicaid	34	45	3	1	1.2	(0.9, 1.5)
Medicaid	35	42	3	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.4)
Medicaid	36	42	0	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.4)
Medicaid	37	42	0	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.4)
Medicaid	38	41	0	1	1.1	(0.8, 1.4)
Medicaid	39	36	5	0	1.0	(0.7, 1.3)
Medicaid	40	33	2	1	0.9	(0.7, 1.2)
Medicaid	41	28	5	0	0.8	(0.5, 1.1)
Medicaid	42	27	1	0	0.7	(0.5, 1.1)
Medicaid	43	25	2	0	0.7	(0.5, 1.0)
Medicaid	44	24	1	0	0.7	(0.4, 1.0)
Medicaid	45	24	0	0	0.7	(0.4, 1.0)
Medicaid	46	21	2	1	0.6	(0.4, 0.9)
Medicaid	47	19	2	0	0.5	(0.4, 0.8)
Medicaid	48	18	1	0	0.5	(0.3, 0.8)

By age category

Any DMT: life table by age category.

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
18-34	0	4508	4	0	99.9	(99.8, 100.0)
18-34	1	2826	1612	66	64.1	(62.7, 65.5)
18-34	2	2312	465	49	53.5	(52.0, 55.0)
18-34	3	1491	718	103	36.6	(35.2, 38.0)
18-34	4	1134	315	42	28.7	(27.4, 30.1)
18-34	5	909	187	38	23.9	(22.7, 25.2)
18-34	6	669	195	45	18.6	(17.5, 19.9)
18-34	7	525	120	24	15.2	(14.2, 16.4)
18-34	8	435	71	19	13.1	(12.1, 14.3)
18-34	9	346	69	20	11.0	(10.0, 12.1)
18-34	10	279	57	10	9.2	(8.3, 10.2)
18-34	11	240	30	9	8.2	(7.3, 9.1)
18-34	12	190	40	10	6.8	(6.0, 7.7)
18-34	13	156	24	10	5.9	(5.1, 6.8)
18-34	14	132	18	6	5.2	(4.5, 6.0)
18-34	15	112	17	3	4.5	(3.8, 5.3)
18-34	16	100	9	4	4.1	(3.5, 4.9)
18-34	17	89	9	1	3.8	(3.1, 4.5)
18-34	18	77	8	4	3.4	(2.8, 4.2)
18-34	19	66	8	3	3.1	(2.5, 3.8)
18-34	20	57	7	2	2.7	(2.2, 3.4)
18-34	21	51	6	0	2.4	(1.9, 3.1)
18-34	22	46	4	1	2.2	(1.7, 2.9)
18-34	23	38	8	0	1.9	(1.4, 2.5)
18-34	24	30	5	3	1.6	(1.2, 2.2)
18-34	25	27	2	1	1.5	(1.1, 2.1)
18-34	26	25	1	1	1.4	(1.0, 2.0)
18-34	27	24	1	0	1.4	(1.0, 2.0)
18-34	28	23	1	0	1.3	(0.9, 1.9)
18-34	29	22	0	1	1.3	(0.9, 1.9)
18-34	30	20	1	1	1.3	(0.9, 1.8)
18-34	31	18	1	1	1.2	(0.8, 1.8)
18-34	32	17	1	0	1.1	(0.7, 1.7)
18-34	33	15	2	0	1.0	(0.6, 1.5)
18-34	34	13	0	2	1.0	(0.6, 1.5)
18-34	35	13	0	0	1.0	(0.6, 1.5)
18-34	36	13	0	0	1.0	(0.6, 1.5)
18-34	37	13	0	0	1.0	(0.6, 1.5)
18-34	38	13	0	0	1.0	(0.6, 1.5)
18-34	39	12	1	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.5)
18-34	40	12	0	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.5)
18-34	41	12	0	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.5)
18-34	42	12	0	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.5)
18-34	43	11	1	0	0.8	(0.5, 1.4)
18-34	44	10	1	0	0.8	(0.4, 1.3)
18-34	45	10	0	0	0.8	(0.4, 1.3)
18-34	46	9	0	1	0.8	(0.4, 1.3)
18-34	47	9	0	0	0.8	(0.4, 1.3)
18-34	48	7	1	1	0.7	(0.4, 1.2)
35-54	0	1827	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
35-54	1	1281	519	27	71.6	(69.5, 73.7)
35-54	2	1111	153	17	63.0	(60.8, 65.2)
35-54	3	822	244	45	48.9	(46.7, 51.3)
35-54	4	672	124	26	41.4	(39.2, 43.8)
35-54	5	575	79	18	36.5	(34.3, 38.9)
35-54	6	471	79	25	31.4	(29.2, 33.7)
35-54	7	398	62	11	27.2	(25.1, 29.5)
35-54	8	350	31	17	25.1	(23.0, 27.3)
35-54	9	287	45	18	21.8	(19.8, 23.9)
35-54	10	247	30	10	19.4	(17.6, 21.5)
35-54	11	218	22	7	17.7	(15.9, 19.7)
35-54	12	184	31	3	15.2	(13.4, 17.1)
35-54	13	159	18	7	13.7	(12.0, 15.6)
35-54	14	145	11	3	12.7	(11.1, 14.6)
35-54	15	129	9	7	11.9	(10.3, 13.8)
35-54	16	118	8	3	11.2	(9.6, 13.0)
35-54	17	107	6	5	10.6	(9.0, 12.4)
35-54	18	95	11	1	9.5	(8.0, 11.2)
35-54	19	84	6	5	8.9	(7.4, 10.6)
35-54	20	73	9	2	7.9	(6.5, 9.6)
35-54	21	59	10	4	6.8	(5.5, 8.4)
35-54	22	53	6	0	6.1	(4.8, 7.7)
35-54	23	49	4	0	5.6	(4.4, 7.2)
35-54	24	42	6	1	4.9	(3.8, 6.5)
35-54	25	36	3	3	4.6	(3.5, 6.1)
35-54	26	31	4	1	4.1	(3.0, 5.5)
35-54	27	30	0	1	4.1	(3.0, 5.5)
35-54	28	29	1	0	3.9	(2.9, 5.4)
35-54	29	23	6	0	3.1	(2.2, 4.5)
35-54	30	20	1	2	3.0	(2.1, 4.3)
35-54	31	20	0	0	3.0	(2.1, 4.3)
35-54	32	17	3	0	2.5	(1.7, 3.8)
35-54	33	15	2	0	2.2	(1.4, 3.5)
35-54	34	14	1	0	2.1	(1.3, 3.3)
35-54	35	12	2	0	1.8	(1.1, 3.0)
35-54	36	12	0	0	1.8	(1.1, 3.0)
35-54	37	12	0	0	1.8	(1.1, 3.0)
35-54	38	12	0	0	1.8	(1.1, 3.0)
35-54	39	10	2	0	1.5	(0.8, 2.7)
35-54	40	8	1	1	1.3	(0.7, 2.5)
35-54	41	7	1	0	1.2	(0.6, 2.3)
35-54	42	7	0	0	1.2	(0.6, 2.3)
35-54	43	5	2	0	0.8	(0.4, 1.9)
35-54	44	5	0	0	0.8	(0.4, 1.9)
35-54	45	5	0	0	0.8	(0.4, 1.9)
35-54	46	4	1	0	0.7	(0.3, 1.7)
35-54	47	4	0	0	0.7	(0.3, 1.7)
35-54	48	4	0	0	0.7	(0.3, 1.7)
55+	0	284	0	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
55+	1	218	63	3	77.8	(73.1, 82.8)
55+	2	194	21	3	70.3	(65.1, 75.8)
55+	3	161	22	11	62.3	(56.8, 68.2)
55+	4	135	21	5	54.1	(48.5, 60.3)
55+	5	119	14	2	48.4	(42.8, 54.8)
55+	6	97	17	5	41.4	(35.8, 47.8)
55+	7	90	6	1	38.8	(33.3, 45.2)
55+	8	83	6	1	36.2	(30.7, 42.6)
55+	9	66	15	2	29.5	(24.3, 35.8)
55+	10	59	6	1	26.8	(21.8, 33.0)
55+	11	49	6	4	24.0	(19.2, 30.1)
55+	12	45	2	2	23.0	(18.2, 29.1)
55+	13	36	5	4	20.4	(15.8, 26.4)
55+	14	32	2	2	19.2	(14.7, 25.2)
55+	15	28	4	0	16.8	(12.5, 22.7)
55+	16	27	1	0	16.2	(11.9, 22.1)
55+	17	23	2	2	14.9	(10.7, 20.7)
55+	18	19	3	1	13.0	(9.0, 18.7)
55+	19	18	1	0	12.3	(8.4, 18.0)
55+	20	18	0	0	12.3	(8.4, 18.0)
55+	21	16	2	0	10.9	(7.2, 16.5)
55+	22	16	0	0	10.9	(7.2, 16.5)
55+	23	15	0	1	10.9	(7.2, 16.5)
55+	24	14	0	1	10.9	(7.2, 16.5)
55+	25	13	1	0	10.1	(6.5, 15.7)
55+	26	13	0	0	10.1	(6.5, 15.7)
55+	27	12	1	0	9.4	(5.9, 14.9)
55+	28	10	2	0	7.8	(4.6, 13.3)
55+	29	9	1	0	7.0	(4.0, 12.4)
55+	30	7	1	1	6.1	(3.3, 11.5)
55+	31	7	0	0	6.1	(3.3, 11.5)
55+	32	7	0	0	6.1	(3.3, 11.5)
55+	33	5	2	0	4.4	(2.0, 9.6)
55+	34	4	1	0	3.5	(1.4, 8.6)
55+	35	3	1	0	2.6	(0.9, 7.6)
55+	36	3	0	0	2.6	(0.9, 7.6)
55+	37	2	1	0	1.8	(0.5, 6.6)
55+	38	2	0	0	1.8	(0.5, 6.6)
55+	39	2	0	0	1.8	(0.5, 6.6)
55+	40	2	0	0	1.8	(0.5, 6.6)
55+	41	2	0	0	1.8	(0.5, 6.6)
55+	42	1	1	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
55+	43	1	0	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
55+	44	1	0	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
55+	45	1	0	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
55+	46	1	0	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
55+	47	1	0	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
55+	48	1	0	0	0.9	(0.1, 6.0)
<18	0	6038	1	0	100.0	(100.0, 100.0)
<18	1	4775	1180	82	80.4	(79.4, 81.4)
<18	2	4137	580	58	70.6	(69.4, 71.7)
<18	3	3069	958	110	54.1	(52.8, 55.3)
<18	4	2375	625	69	42.9	(41.7, 44.2)
<18	5	1957	371	47	36.1	(34.9, 37.4)
<18	6	1633	280	44	30.9	(29.7, 32.1)
<18	7	1367	221	45	26.7	(25.5, 27.9)
<18	8	1155	182	30	23.1	(22.0, 24.2)
<18	9	984	148	23	20.1	(19.1, 21.2)
<18	10	844	124	16	17.5	(16.5, 18.6)
<18	11	729	93	22	15.6	(14.6, 16.6)
<18	12	621	81	27	13.8	(12.9, 14.8)
<18	13	539	65	17	12.4	(11.5, 13.3)
<18	14	475	52	12	11.2	(10.3, 12.1)
<18	15	420	49	6	10.0	(9.2, 10.9)
<18	16	365	52	4	8.8	(8.0, 9.6)
<18	17	316	41	7	7.8	(7.0, 8.6)
<18	18	276	31	9	7.0	(6.3, 7.8)
<18	19	253	20	3	6.5	(5.8, 7.2)
<18	20	235	15	3	6.1	(5.4, 6.8)
<18	21	214	19	2	5.6	(5.0, 6.3)
<18	22	190	21	3	5.0	(4.4, 5.7)
<18	23	161	26	3	4.3	(3.8, 5.0)
<18	24	143	16	2	3.9	(3.4, 4.5)
<18	25	134	7	2	3.7	(3.2, 4.3)
<18	26	123	8	3	3.5	(3.0, 4.1)
<18	27	106	15	2	3.1	(2.6, 3.6)
<18	28	98	6	2	2.9	(2.4, 3.5)
<18	29	84	9	5	2.6	(2.2, 3.2)
<18	30	75	4	5	2.5	(2.0, 3.0)
<18	31	67	8	0	2.2	(1.8, 2.7)
<18	32	57	9	1	1.9	(1.5, 2.4)
<18	33	50	7	0	1.7	(1.3, 2.2)
<18	34	47	2	1	1.6	(1.2, 2.1)
<18	35	45	2	0	1.5	(1.2, 2.0)
<18	36	45	0	0	1.5	(1.2, 2.0)
<18	37	43	2	0	1.5	(1.1, 1.9)
<18	38	42	0	1	1.5	(1.1, 1.9)
<18	39	36	4	2	1.3	(1.0, 1.8)
<18	40	33	2	1	1.3	(0.9, 1.7)
<18	41	29	4	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.5)
<18	42	28	1	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.5)
<18	43	26	1	1	1.0	(0.7, 1.4)
<18	44	25	1	0	1.0	(0.7, 1.4)
<18	45	23	1	1	0.9	(0.7, 1.4)
<18	46	22	1	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.3)
<18	47	19	2	1	0.8	(0.6, 1.2)
<18	48	18	1	0	0.8	(0.5, 1.2)

By sex

Any DMT: life table by sex.

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
Female	0	6438	2	0	100.0	(99.9, 100.0)
Female	1	4551	1804	81	71.9	(70.8, 73.0)
Female	2	3863	634	54	61.9	(60.7, 63.1)
Female	3	2735	1002	126	45.6	(44.4, 46.9)
Female	4	2110	557	68	36.2	(35.0, 37.4)
Female	5	1767	298	45	31.0	(29.9, 32.2)
Female	6	1406	304	57	25.6	(24.5, 26.8)
Female	7	1165	202	39	21.9	(20.8, 23.0)
Female	8	977	155	33	18.9	(17.9, 20.0)
Female	9	809	135	33	16.3	(15.3, 17.3)
Female	10	682	109	18	14.1	(13.2, 15.0)
Female	11	593	69	20	12.6	(11.8, 13.5)
Female	12	499	68	26	11.1	(10.3, 12.0)
Female	13	433	46	20	10.1	(9.3, 10.9)
Female	14	395	30	8	9.4	(8.6, 10.2)
Female	15	350	36	9	8.5	(7.8, 9.3)
Female	16	316	31	4	7.8	(7.0, 8.6)
Female	17	279	28	8	7.1	(6.4, 7.8)
Female	18	241	31	7	6.3	(5.6, 7.0)
Female	19	222	13	6	5.9	(5.3, 6.6)
Female	20	199	21	2	5.4	(4.7, 6.1)
Female	21	172	23	4	4.7	(4.1, 5.4)
Female	22	157	14	1	4.3	(3.8, 5.0)
Female	23	140	14	3	4.0	(3.4, 4.6)
Female	24	118	16	6	3.5	(3.0, 4.1)
Female	25	108	6	4	3.3	(2.8, 3.9)
Female	26	96	8	4	3.1	(2.6, 3.6)
Female	27	90	6	0	2.9	(2.4, 3.4)
Female	28	87	3	0	2.8	(2.3, 3.3)
Female	29	74	8	5	2.5	(2.1, 3.1)
Female	30	62	5	7	2.3	(1.9, 2.9)
Female	31	58	3	1	2.2	(1.8, 2.8)
Female	32	52	6	0	2.0	(1.6, 2.5)
Female	33	46	6	0	1.8	(1.4, 2.3)
Female	34	44	1	1	1.7	(1.3, 2.2)
Female	35	40	4	0	1.6	(1.2, 2.1)
Female	36	40	0	0	1.6	(1.2, 2.1)
Female	37	38	2	0	1.5	(1.1, 2.0)
Female	38	38	0	0	1.5	(1.1, 2.0)
Female	39	35	2	1	1.4	(1.0, 1.9)
Female	40	31	2	2	1.3	(1.0, 1.8)
Female	41	29	2	0	1.2	(0.9, 1.7)
Female	42	27	2	0	1.2	(0.8, 1.6)
Female	43	26	1	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.6)
Female	44	26	0	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.6)
Female	45	25	0	1	1.1	(0.8, 1.6)
Female	46	22	2	1	1.0	(0.7, 1.5)
Female	47	20	1	1	1.0	(0.7, 1.4)
Female	48	19	0	1	1.0	(0.7, 1.4)
Male	0	6219	3	0	100.0	(99.9, 100.0)
Male	1	4549	1570	97	74.7	(73.6, 75.7)
Male	2	3891	585	73	65.0	(63.8, 66.2)
Male	3	2808	940	143	49.1	(47.8, 50.3)
Male	4	2206	528	74	39.7	(38.5, 41.0)
Male	5	1793	353	60	33.3	(32.1, 34.5)
Male	6	1464	267	62	28.2	(27.1, 29.4)
Male	7	1215	207	42	24.2	(23.1, 25.3)
Male	8	1046	135	34	21.5	(20.4, 22.6)
Male	9	874	142	30	18.5	(17.5, 19.6)
Male	10	747	108	19	16.2	(15.2, 17.2)
Male	11	643	82	22	14.4	(13.5, 15.4)
Male	12	541	86	16	12.4	(11.6, 13.4)
Male	13	457	66	18	10.9	(10.1, 11.8)
Male	14	389	53	15	9.6	(8.8, 10.5)
Male	15	339	43	7	8.5	(7.8, 9.4)
Male	16	294	39	7	7.6	(6.8, 8.4)
Male	17	256	30	7	6.8	(6.1, 7.5)
Male	18	226	22	8	6.2	(5.5, 6.9)
Male	19	199	22	5	5.6	(4.9, 6.3)
Male	20	184	10	5	5.3	(4.7, 6.0)
Male	21	168	14	2	4.9	(4.3, 5.6)
Male	22	148	17	3	4.4	(3.8, 5.1)
Male	23	123	24	1	3.7	(3.1, 4.3)
Male	24	111	11	1	3.3	(2.8, 4.0)
Male	25	102	7	2	3.1	(2.6, 3.7)
Male	26	96	5	1	3.0	(2.5, 3.6)
Male	27	82	11	3	2.6	(2.2, 3.2)
Male	28	73	7	2	2.4	(2.0, 3.0)
Male	29	64	8	1	2.1	(1.7, 2.7)
Male	30	60	2	2	2.1	(1.6, 2.6)
Male	31	54	6	0	1.9	(1.5, 2.4)
Male	32	46	7	1	1.6	(1.2, 2.1)
Male	33	39	7	0	1.4	(1.0, 1.8)
Male	34	34	3	2	1.3	(0.9, 1.7)
Male	35	33	1	0	1.2	(0.9, 1.7)
Male	36	33	0	0	1.2	(0.9, 1.7)
Male	37	32	1	0	1.2	(0.9, 1.6)
Male	38	31	0	1	1.2	(0.9, 1.6)
Male	39	25	5	1	1.0	(0.7, 1.4)
Male	40	24	1	0	1.0	(0.7, 1.4)
Male	41	21	3	0	0.8	(0.6, 1.2)
Male	42	21	0	0	0.8	(0.6, 1.2)
Male	43	17	3	1	0.7	(0.5, 1.1)
Male	44	15	2	0	0.6	(0.4, 1.0)
Male	45	14	1	0	0.6	(0.4, 1.0)
Male	46	14	0	0	0.6	(0.4, 1.0)
Male	47	13	1	0	0.5	(0.3, 0.9)
Male	48	11	2	0	0.5	(0.3, 0.8)

12 Absolute DMT coverage prevalence

12.1 Person-time-weighted coverage rate

This is the absolute prevalence rate of Any-DMT coverage: total days covered by a continuous DMT episode divided by total observable person-days, reported for the full SCD cohort and for DMT-exposed initiators, overall and marginally by age category, sex, and insurance type. It is the absolute counterpart to the Medicaid-vs-Commercial prevalence rate ratio in the next section: the PRR is the ratio of the two insurance rows shown here. Person-time is the pharmacy-enrollment window per patient. Because consecutive covered days within a patient are not independent, a binomial or Poisson interval on the pooled day counts would understate the true uncertainty; the 95% intervals are patient-clustered bootstraps that resample whole patients with replacement (B = 2000, seed = 42, percentile).

Absolute Any-DMT coverage rate (covered days per person-day), full SCD cohort, overall and by age, sex, and insurance. The full cohort includes never-initiators (coverage 0), so this is the population-level fraction of SCD observation time spent on disease-modifying therapy. 95% CI: patient-clustered bootstrap, B = 2000.

Stratum	Level	N	Covered days	Person-days	Coverage rate (95% CI)
Overall	All	48,760	6,236,602	84,972,780	7.3% (7.1 to 7.5)
Insurance type	Commercial	24,068	2,606,461	35,872,063	7.3% (7.0 to 7.5)
Insurance type	Medicaid	24,692	3,630,141	49,100,717	7.4% (7.1 to 7.7)
Age category	<18	17,509	3,688,917	34,421,462	10.7% (10.4 to 11.1)
Age category	18-34	17,809	1,576,101	26,533,057	5.9% (5.7 to 6.2)
Age category	35-54	10,648	829,429	18,753,860	4.4% (4.1 to 4.8)
Age category	55+	2,794	142,155	5,264,401	2.7% (2.2 to 3.2)
Sex	Male	19,380	3,200,790	33,184,747	9.6% (9.3 to 10.0)
Sex	Female	29,380	3,035,812	51,788,033	5.9% (5.6 to 6.1)

Absolute Any-DMT coverage rate (covered days per person-day) among DMT-exposed initiators (at least one covered day), overall and by age, sex, and insurance. 95% CI: patient-clustered bootstrap, B = 2000.

Stratum	Level	N	Covered days	Person-days	Coverage rate (95% CI)
Overall	All	12,657	6,236,602	24,951,271	25.0% (24.5 to 25.5)
Insurance type	Commercial	6,157	2,606,461	9,095,869	28.7% (27.9 to 29.5)
Insurance type	Medicaid	6,500	3,630,141	15,855,402	22.9% (22.3 to 23.5)
Age category	<18	6,038	3,688,917	13,930,390	26.5% (25.8 to 27.1)
Age category	18-34	4,508	1,576,101	7,353,849	21.4% (20.7 to 22.2)
Age category	35-54	1,827	829,429	3,212,506	25.8% (24.4 to 27.3)
Age category	55+	284	142,155	454,526	31.3% (27.3 to 35.3)
Sex	Male	6,219	3,200,790	12,081,104	26.5% (25.8 to 27.2)
Sex	Female	6,438	3,035,812	12,870,167	23.6% (22.9 to 24.2)

12.2 Per-agent absolute coverage prevalence

Per-agent counterpart to the Any-DMT table above: the population-level absolute coverage rate (covered days per person-day, full SCD cohort) for each agent, overall and by insurance arm, paired with the per-agent full-cohort PRR. Hydroxyurea carries essentially all coverage; the three newer agents cover a small fraction of person-time, so the long table is printed at full precision below the formatted table. The Any DMT row reproduces the section-12 full-cohort rate and is the consistency check that the per-drug frames and the Any-DMT table agree. The crizanlizumab full-cohort PRR may be unstable or non-estimable given the very small exposed count (NDC-only ascertainment; Methods).

## # A tibble: 15 × 7
##    short level          n       rate      lower      upper Agent        
##    <chr> <chr>      <int>      <dbl>      <dbl>      <dbl> <chr>        
##  1 any   Commercial 24068 0.0727     0.0699     0.0754     Any DMT      
##  2 any   Medicaid   24692 0.0739     0.0714     0.0765     Any DMT      
##  3 any   Overall    48760 0.0734     0.0715     0.0752     Any DMT      
##  4 cri   Commercial 24068 0.0000338  0.0000110  0.0000626  Crizanlizumab
##  5 cri   Medicaid   24692 0.00000291 0.00000118 0.00000519 Crizanlizumab
##  6 cri   Overall    48760 0.0000160  0.00000688 0.0000272  Crizanlizumab
##  7 hyd   Commercial 24068 0.0702     0.0675     0.0729     Hydroxyurea  
##  8 hyd   Medicaid   24692 0.0720     0.0696     0.0746     Hydroxyurea  
##  9 hyd   Overall    48760 0.0712     0.0693     0.0730     Hydroxyurea  
## 10 glu   Commercial 24068 0.00128    0.00104    0.00154    L-glutamine  
## 11 glu   Medicaid   24692 0.00148    0.00126    0.00173    L-glutamine  
## 12 glu   Overall    48760 0.00140    0.00124    0.00156    L-glutamine  
## 13 vox   Commercial 24068 0.00255    0.00220    0.00293    Voxelotor    
## 14 vox   Medicaid   24692 0.00182    0.00157    0.00207    Voxelotor    
## 15 vox   Overall    48760 0.00213    0.00192    0.00235    Voxelotor

## # A tibble: 5 × 6
##   Agent            prr  prr_lo prr_hi     prr_p   theta
##   <chr>          <dbl>   <dbl>  <dbl>     <dbl>   <dbl>
## 1 Hydroxyurea   1.03   1.02     1.03  1.74e-202 9.91e+5
## 2 L-glutamine   0.841  0.576    1.23  3.67e-  1 2.22e-3
## 3 Crizanlizumab 0.0280 0.00221  0.347 2.30e-  3 6.12e-5
## 4 Voxelotor     0.408  0.284    0.586 1.13e-  6 2.43e-3
## 5 Any DMT       1.02   1.02     1.02  5.12e-101 1.01e+6

Per-agent absolute coverage prevalence (covered days per person-day, full SCD cohort, population-level), overall and by insurance arm, with the Medicaid-vs-Commercial full-cohort prevalence rate ratio. 95% CI: patient-clustered bootstrap (B = 2000, seed = 42). PRR by negative binomial regression with a log(observable days) offset.

Agent	Overall	Commercial	Medicaid	Full-cohort PRR (95% CI)	p
Hydroxyurea	7.123% (6.935 to 7.298)	7.020% (6.753 to 7.294)	7.199% (6.959 to 7.455)	1.025 (1.024 to 1.027)	<0.001
L-glutamine	0.140% (0.124 to 0.156)	0.128% (0.104 to 0.154)	0.148% (0.126 to 0.173)	0.841 (0.576 to 1.227)	0.367
Crizanlizumab	0.002% (0.001 to 0.003)	0.003% (0.001 to 0.006)	0.000% (0.000 to 0.001)	0.028 (0.002 to 0.347)	0.002
Voxelotor	0.213% (0.192 to 0.235)	0.255% (0.220 to 0.293)	0.182% (0.157 to 0.207)	0.408 (0.284 to 0.586)	<0.001
Any DMT	7.340% (7.148 to 7.517)	7.266% (6.994 to 7.535)	7.393% (7.145 to 7.654)	1.017 (1.016 to 1.019)	<0.001

12.3 Coverage cascade (coverage-survival curve)

The coverage cascade asks, for each coverage level c from 0 to 100%, what fraction of patients spent at least c of their observable person-time on Any DMT. Plotted as a descending survival-style function S(c) = Pr(PDC >= c), it carries the whole coverage distribution in one curve: the height at c = 0 is the full denominator, the height at the dotted 80% line is the fraction meeting the conventional adherence threshold, and the height at c = 1.0 is the fraction covered for essentially their entire window. The full-cohort panel falls steeply just past c = 0 as never-initiators and minimally-covered patients drop out; the DMT-exposed panel conditions those away. Descriptive only; no test is applied.

Coverage cascade at each decile: percentage of patients whose Any-DMT proportion of days covered is at least c, overall and by insurance, in both denominator framings. Companion to the coverage-survival figure.

Framing	Stratum	Coverage >= c	% of patients
Full SCD cohort	Overall	0%	100.0%
Full SCD cohort	Overall	10%	18.2%
Full SCD cohort	Overall	20%	13.6%
Full SCD cohort	Overall	30%	10.3%
Full SCD cohort	Overall	40%	7.9%
Full SCD cohort	Overall	50%	5.9%
Full SCD cohort	Overall	60%	4.1%
Full SCD cohort	Overall	70%	2.8%
Full SCD cohort	Overall	80%	1.7%
Full SCD cohort	Overall	90%	0.8%
Full SCD cohort	Overall	100%	0.2%
Full SCD cohort	Commercial	0%	100.0%
Full SCD cohort	Commercial	10%	19.5%
Full SCD cohort	Commercial	20%	15.5%
Full SCD cohort	Commercial	30%	12.2%
Full SCD cohort	Commercial	40%	9.8%
Full SCD cohort	Commercial	50%	7.5%
Full SCD cohort	Commercial	60%	5.6%
Full SCD cohort	Commercial	70%	3.9%
Full SCD cohort	Commercial	80%	2.4%
Full SCD cohort	Commercial	90%	1.3%
Full SCD cohort	Commercial	100%	0.3%
Full SCD cohort	Medicaid	0%	100.0%
Full SCD cohort	Medicaid	10%	17.0%
Full SCD cohort	Medicaid	20%	11.8%
Full SCD cohort	Medicaid	30%	8.5%
Full SCD cohort	Medicaid	40%	6.1%
Full SCD cohort	Medicaid	50%	4.2%
Full SCD cohort	Medicaid	60%	2.7%
Full SCD cohort	Medicaid	70%	1.7%
Full SCD cohort	Medicaid	80%	0.9%
Full SCD cohort	Medicaid	90%	0.4%
Full SCD cohort	Medicaid	100%	0.0%
DMT-exposed	Overall	0%	100.0%
DMT-exposed	Overall	10%	70.1%
DMT-exposed	Overall	20%	52.4%
DMT-exposed	Overall	30%	39.8%
DMT-exposed	Overall	40%	30.6%
DMT-exposed	Overall	50%	22.5%
DMT-exposed	Overall	60%	15.9%
DMT-exposed	Overall	70%	10.7%
DMT-exposed	Overall	80%	6.4%
DMT-exposed	Overall	90%	3.2%
DMT-exposed	Overall	100%	0.7%
DMT-exposed	Commercial	0%	100.0%
DMT-exposed	Commercial	10%	76.1%
DMT-exposed	Commercial	20%	60.5%
DMT-exposed	Commercial	30%	47.8%
DMT-exposed	Commercial	40%	38.4%
DMT-exposed	Commercial	50%	29.5%
DMT-exposed	Commercial	60%	21.9%
DMT-exposed	Commercial	70%	15.3%
DMT-exposed	Commercial	80%	9.6%
DMT-exposed	Commercial	90%	5.0%
DMT-exposed	Commercial	100%	1.3%
DMT-exposed	Medicaid	0%	100.0%
DMT-exposed	Medicaid	10%	64.5%
DMT-exposed	Medicaid	20%	44.7%
DMT-exposed	Medicaid	30%	32.3%
DMT-exposed	Medicaid	40%	23.1%
DMT-exposed	Medicaid	50%	16.0%
DMT-exposed	Medicaid	60%	10.3%
DMT-exposed	Medicaid	70%	6.3%
DMT-exposed	Medicaid	80%	3.4%
DMT-exposed	Medicaid	90%	1.4%
DMT-exposed	Medicaid	100%	0.1%

13 DMT coverage: prevalence rate ratios (PRR)

13.1 Descriptive summary (all drugs, Any DMT + each agent)

Per-patient proportion of days covered (PDC) and aggregate PDC by insurance arm. The full-cohort rows include never-exposed patients (PDC = 0); the rx-exposed rows condition on at least one day of that specific drug. The aggregate PDC column is the ratio most directly comparable to a period prevalence: total rx-days / total observable days within an arm.

Per-patient and aggregate DMT coverage ratios by insurance, all drugs and cohorts.

Analysis	Insurance	N	Mean PDC	SD	Median PDC	Q1	Q3	Sum rx days	Sum total days	Aggregate PDC
Hydroxyurea: full cohort	Commercial	24068	0.087	0.206	0.000	0.000	0.000	2518376	35872063	0.070
Hydroxyurea: full cohort	Medicaid	24692	0.064	0.159	0.000	0.000	0.011	3534619	49100717	0.072
Hydroxyurea: rx-exposed	Commercial	5965	0.352	0.279	0.280	0.106	0.553	2518376	8828834	0.285
Hydroxyurea: rx-exposed	Medicaid	6406	0.246	0.230	0.170	0.061	0.371	3534619	15602999	0.227
L-glutamine: full cohort	Commercial	24068	0.002	0.022	0.000	0.000	0.000	45762	35872063	0.001
L-glutamine: full cohort	Medicaid	24692	0.001	0.018	0.000	0.000	0.000	72914	49100717	0.001
L-glutamine: rx-exposed	Commercial	307	0.118	0.153	0.049	0.022	0.152	45762	619640	0.074
L-glutamine: rx-exposed	Medicaid	399	0.078	0.123	0.032	0.013	0.083	72914	1297507	0.056
Crizanlizumab: full cohort	Commercial	24068	0.000	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.000	1213	35872063	0.000
Crizanlizumab: full cohort	Medicaid	24692	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	143	49100717	0.000
Crizanlizumab: rx-exposed	Commercial	11	0.114	0.111	0.049	0.036	0.211	1213	16157	0.075
Crizanlizumab: rx-exposed	Medicaid	22	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.002	143	90882	0.002
Voxelotor: full cohort	Commercial	24068	0.004	0.040	0.000	0.000	0.000	91442	35872063	0.003
Voxelotor: full cohort	Medicaid	24692	0.001	0.020	0.000	0.000	0.000	89317	49100717	0.002
Voxelotor: rx-exposed	Commercial	378	0.227	0.231	0.147	0.046	0.318	91442	696500	0.131
Voxelotor: rx-exposed	Medicaid	440	0.082	0.126	0.040	0.016	0.090	89317	1514709	0.059
Any DMT: full cohort	Commercial	24068	0.091	0.210	0.000	0.000	0.014	2606461	35872063	0.073
Any DMT: full cohort	Medicaid	24692	0.065	0.162	0.000	0.000	0.013	3630141	49100717	0.074
Any DMT: rx-exposed	Commercial	6157	0.354	0.280	0.280	0.107	0.558	2606461	9095869	0.287
Any DMT: rx-exposed	Medicaid	6500	0.248	0.232	0.171	0.062	0.376	3630141	15855402	0.229

13.2 PRR: Medicaid vs Commercial by drug

Negative binomial regression with log(total_days) offset. Each row is exp(β_insuranceMedicaid): the Medicaid-to-Commercial ratio of per-person-day DMT prevalence. Commercial is the reference, so PRR < 1 means Medicaid patients spend a smaller fraction of observation time on that drug than Commercial; PRR > 1 means Medicaid spends more.

Medicaid-vs-Commercial prevalence rate ratios for DMT person-days, by drug and cohort. Large NB theta (>> 100) indicates the data are effectively Poisson-distributed at the given scale; small theta (< 2) indicates substantial overdispersion where NB meaningfully improves on Poisson.

Analysis	PRR (95% CI)	p	NB theta	N
Hydroxyurea: full cohort	1.03 (1.02 to 1.03)	< 0.0001	9.91e+05	48760
Hydroxyurea: rx-exposed	0.70 (0.67 to 0.72)	< 0.0001	1.08	12371
L-glutamine: full cohort	0.84 (0.58 to 1.23)	0.3668	0.00222	48760
L-glutamine: rx-exposed	0.66 (0.56 to 0.79)	< 0.0001	0.792	706
Crizanlizumab: full cohort	0.03 (0.00 to 0.35)	0.0023	6.12e-05	48760
Crizanlizumab: rx-exposed	0.01 (0.01 to 0.03)	< 0.0001	1.26	33
Voxelotor: full cohort	0.41 (0.28 to 0.59)	< 0.0001	0.00243	48760
Voxelotor: rx-exposed	0.36 (0.31 to 0.42)	< 0.0001	0.876	818
Any DMT: full cohort	1.02 (1.02 to 1.02)	< 0.0001	1.01e+06	48760
Any DMT: rx-exposed	0.70 (0.68 to 0.73)	< 0.0001	1.09	12657

13.3 PRR: patient-clustered bootstrap intervals (any-DMT and hydroxyurea)

Bootstrap re-estimation of the any-DMT primary PRRs (full cohort and DMT-exposed initiators) and the hydroxyurea full-cohort PRR, resampling whole patients with replacement (B = 2000, percentile). These are the cells whose negative-binomial model interval is governed by the Poisson limit and is therefore implausibly narrow; the bootstrap gives an honest interval that reflects between-patient variability. Point estimates are identical to the model-based table above. The three newer agents are not bootstrapped: their dispersion parameter is small, so their model-based NB CIs above are already wide and honest. boot_fail counts resamples that failed to yield a finite PRR.

Medicaid-vs-Commercial coverage PRR with patient-clustered bootstrap 95% CIs (B = 2000, percentile): any-DMT primary framings and hydroxyurea full-cohort (the cells at the Poisson limit). Point estimate from the full-sample NB fit; model-based CI shown for comparison. The three newer agents retain model-based NB CIs in the per-agent table above.

Analysis	N	PRR (95% CI, bootstrap)	Model-based 95% CI	theta	boot_fail
Any DMT: full cohort	48,760	1.017 (0.967 to 1.072)	1.016 to 1.019	1.01e+06	0
Any DMT: DMT-exposed	12,657	0.702 (0.681 to 0.723)	0.678 to 0.725	1.09e+00	0
Hydroxyurea: full cohort	48,760	1.025 (0.973 to 1.076)	1.024 to 1.027	9.91e+05	0

13.4 Coverage PRR: subgroup analysis (age, sex)

Subgroup consistency check for the rx-exposed Any-DMT PRR. Each row is an independent NB regression on the rx-exposed PDC dataset restricted to that demographic stratum, with insurance as the sole predictor and log(total_days) offset. Age category and sex are joined from sick_all; no additional covariates are included. The intent is to verify directional consistency across strata, not to test effect modification.

Medicaid-vs-Commercial coverage PRR (Any DMT, rx-exposed) within demographic subgroups. Each row is an independent NB regression on the rx-exposed PDC dataset restricted to that subgroup; insurance is the sole predictor with log(total_days) offset. N = rx-exposed initiators in each subgroup. 95% CIs are patient-clustered bootstraps (B = 2000, percentile).

Group	Subgroup	N	PRR (95% CI)	p
Overall	Overall	12,657	0.70 (0.68 to 0.72)	< 0.0001
Age category	< 18 y	6,038	0.70 (0.67 to 0.73)	< 0.0001
Age category	18–34 y	4,508	0.64 (0.60 to 0.67)	< 0.0001
Age category	35–54 y	1,827	0.69 (0.62 to 0.76)	< 0.0001
Age category	≥ 55 y	284	0.87 (0.67 to 1.08)	0.2779
Sex	Female	6,438	0.71 (0.68 to 0.74)	< 0.0001
Sex	Male	6,219	0.69 (0.66 to 0.72)	< 0.0001

Figure: Medicaid-vs-Commercial coverage PRR (Any DMT, rx-exposed) overall and within age and sex strata. Diamond = overall primary estimate; squares = subgroup estimates. Reference line at PRR = 1.0 (no difference). A PRR consistently below unity across all strata rules out a demographic confound as the driver of the headline finding.

Poster-quality subgroup forest saved to forest_subgroup_poster.png. Drop into the poster build script.

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14 Trait-flag QC: cross-tabulation of dx_trait against DMT exposure

All patients in this cohort meet the validated SCD definition (Reeves 2020). The dx_trait flag identifies patients with any historical claim carrying ICD-9 282.5 or ICD-10 D57.3, codes that are nominally for sickle cell trait. Of the 48,760 patients in the cohort, 12,784 (26.2%) carry a trait flag. The substantive question is whether these patients differ from non-trait patients in their DMT exposure rates. If trait-flagged patients receive DMT at substantially lower rates than non-trait patients, that is the signature of true non-SCD inclusion. If the rates are similar, the trait flag is most likely coding noise (clinician confusion of trait with disease) rather than evidence of misclassification.

14.1 Per-drug exposure rates by trait flag and insurance arm

DMT exposure rates by trait flag and insurance arm. Denominators are stratum-specific (e.g., trait-flagged patients in Commercial). NA rows reflect patients for whom dx_trait was missing in the index file.

Drug	Insurance	Trait status	N	N exposed	% exposed
Any DMT	Commercial	No trait flag	19,598	5,399	27.5%
Any DMT	Commercial	Trait flag	4,470	759	17.0%
Any DMT	Medicaid	No trait flag	16,378	4,937	30.1%
Any DMT	Medicaid	Trait flag	8,314	1,576	19.0%
Crizanlizumab	Commercial	No trait flag	19,598	9	0.0%
Crizanlizumab	Commercial	Trait flag	4,470	3	0.1%
Crizanlizumab	Medicaid	No trait flag	16,378	10	0.1%
Crizanlizumab	Medicaid	Trait flag	8,314	12	0.1%
Hydroxyurea	Commercial	No trait flag	19,598	5,226	26.7%
Hydroxyurea	Commercial	Trait flag	4,470	740	16.6%
Hydroxyurea	Medicaid	No trait flag	16,378	4,867	29.7%
Hydroxyurea	Medicaid	Trait flag	8,314	1,553	18.7%
L-glutamine	Commercial	No trait flag	19,598	261	1.3%
L-glutamine	Commercial	Trait flag	4,470	47	1.1%
L-glutamine	Medicaid	No trait flag	16,378	285	1.7%
L-glutamine	Medicaid	Trait flag	8,314	114	1.4%
Voxelotor	Commercial	No trait flag	19,598	334	1.7%
Voxelotor	Commercial	Trait flag	4,470	44	1.0%
Voxelotor	Medicaid	No trait flag	16,378	324	2.0%
Voxelotor	Medicaid	Trait flag	8,314	120	1.4%

14.2 Overall (pooled across insurance) exposure rates by trait flag

DMT exposure rates by trait flag, pooled across insurance arms.

Drug	Trait status	N	N exposed	% exposed
Any DMT	No trait flag	35,976	10,336	28.7%
Any DMT	Trait flag	12,784	2,335	18.3%
Crizanlizumab	No trait flag	35,976	19	0.1%
Crizanlizumab	Trait flag	12,784	15	0.1%
Hydroxyurea	No trait flag	35,976	10,093	28.1%
Hydroxyurea	Trait flag	12,784	2,293	17.9%
L-glutamine	No trait flag	35,976	546	1.5%
L-glutamine	Trait flag	12,784	161	1.3%
Voxelotor	No trait flag	35,976	658	1.8%
Voxelotor	Trait flag	12,784	164	1.3%

14.3 Chi-square: trait-flagged vs not-trait-flagged exposure within arm

Two-by-two chi-square comparing exposure rates between trait-flagged and not-trait-flagged patients, separately by insurance arm and pooled. Patients with dx_trait missing are excluded from the test (their counts are reported in the descriptive tables above and in the audit chunk).

Two-by-two chi-square comparing DMT exposure rates between trait-flagged and not-trait-flagged patients within each insurance arm and pooled.

Drug	Arm	N trait	N no trait	Chi-sq	df	p
Hydroxyurea	Commercial	4,470	19,598	199.05	1	< 0.0001
Hydroxyurea	Medicaid	8,314	16,378	348.60	1	< 0.0001
Hydroxyurea	Overall	12,784	35,976	509.08	1	< 0.0001
L-glutamine	Commercial	4,470	19,598	2.05	1	0.1525
L-glutamine	Medicaid	8,314	16,378	4.49	1	0.0340
L-glutamine	Overall	12,784	35,976	4.22	1	0.0398
Crizanlizumab	Commercial	4,470	19,598	0.04	1	0.8403
Crizanlizumab	Medicaid	8,314	16,378	3.41	1	0.0647
Crizanlizumab	Overall	12,784	35,976	4.75	1	0.0293
Voxelotor	Commercial	4,470	19,598	11.74	1	0.0006
Voxelotor	Medicaid	8,314	16,378	8.64	1	0.0033
Voxelotor	Overall	12,784	35,976	16.65	1	< 0.0001
Any DMT	Commercial	4,470	19,598	212.99	1	< 0.0001
Any DMT	Medicaid	8,314	16,378	354.88	1	< 0.0001
Any DMT	Overall	12,784	35,976	536.56	1	< 0.0001

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15 Sensitivity analysis: trait-influence subcohort

This sensitivity excludes any patient with a trait flag (dx_trait == 1), removing 12,784 patients (26.2% of the full cohort). Because all included patients meet the validated SCD definition, the purpose of this analysis is not to remove ineligible patients but to verify that the headline persistence and PRR results are robust to whatever residual misclassification could be implied by the trait flag.

15.1 Table 1b, sensitivity

Demographic characteristics, DMT-exposed subset, trait-flagged patients excluded.

Characteristic	Overall N = 10,3361	Commercial N = 5,3991	Medicaid N = 4,9371	p-value2
Age at first SCD dx	18 (9, 29)	23 (13, 34)	14 (7, 22)	<0.001
Age category				<0.001
<18	5,042 (49%)	2,014 (37%)	3,028 (61%)
18-34	3,588 (35%)	2,142 (40%)	1,446 (29%)
35-54	1,467 (14%)	1,061 (20%)	406 (8.2%)
55+	239 (2.3%)	182 (3.4%)	57 (1.2%)
Sex				<0.001
Male	5,233 (51%)	2,625 (49%)	2,608 (53%)
Female	5,103 (49%)	2,774 (51%)	2,329 (47%)
Region (commercial only)				>0.9
Northeast	916 (17%)	916 (17%)	0 (NA%)
North Central	740 (14%)	740 (14%)	0 (NA%)
South	3,276 (61%)	3,276 (61%)	0 (NA%)
West	406 (7.5%)	406 (7.5%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	61 (1.1%)	61 (1.1%)	0 (NA%)
Missing	4,937	0	4,937
Race (Medicaid only)				>0.9
White	89 (1.9%)	0 (NA%)	89 (1.9%)
Black	3,325 (72%)	0 (NA%)	3,325 (72%)
Other	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
Hispanic	72 (1.6%)	0 (NA%)	72 (1.6%)
Unknown	1,140 (25%)	0 (NA%)	1,140 (25%)
Missing	5,710	5,399	311
1 Median (Q1, Q3); n (%)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test

15.2 Log-rank comparison: primary vs sensitivity

Log-rank p-values, primary vs sensitivity.

Drug	Stratum	Analysis	Chi-sq	df	p
Any DMT	age_cat	Primary	371.54	3	< 0.0001
Any DMT	age_cat	Sensitivity	264.89	3	< 0.0001
Any DMT	insurance	Primary	100.26	1	< 0.0001
Any DMT	insurance	Sensitivity	67.29	1	< 0.0001
Any DMT	sex	Primary	9.89	1	0.0017
Any DMT	sex	Sensitivity	4.02	1	0.0448
Crizanlizumab	age_cat	Primary	2.87	2	0.2384
Crizanlizumab	age_cat	Sensitivity	4.50	2	0.1051
Crizanlizumab	insurance	Primary	32.00	1	< 0.0001
Crizanlizumab	insurance	Sensitivity	17.00	1	< 0.0001
Crizanlizumab	sex	Primary	0.32	1	0.5743
Crizanlizumab	sex	Sensitivity	2.10	1	0.1475
Hydroxyurea	age_cat	Primary	363.79	3	< 0.0001
Hydroxyurea	age_cat	Sensitivity	255.75	3	< 0.0001
Hydroxyurea	insurance	Primary	116.72	1	< 0.0001
Hydroxyurea	insurance	Sensitivity	76.22	1	< 0.0001
Hydroxyurea	sex	Primary	12.09	1	0.0005
Hydroxyurea	sex	Sensitivity	5.78	1	0.0162
L-glutamine	age_cat	Primary	15.25	3	0.0016
L-glutamine	age_cat	Sensitivity	16.95	3	0.0007
L-glutamine	insurance	Primary	0.18	1	0.6679
L-glutamine	insurance	Sensitivity	0.18	1	0.6711
L-glutamine	sex	Primary	1.10	1	0.2938
L-glutamine	sex	Sensitivity	1.31	1	0.2532
Voxelotor	age_cat	Primary	8.48	3	0.0371
Voxelotor	age_cat	Sensitivity	7.29	3	0.0632
Voxelotor	insurance	Primary	3.04	1	0.0812
Voxelotor	insurance	Sensitivity	3.62	1	0.0571
Voxelotor	sex	Primary	2.49	1	0.1143
Voxelotor	sex	Sensitivity	0.82	1	0.3649

15.3 Coverage PRR: primary vs sensitivity (all drugs)

Medicaid vs Commercial coverage PRR, primary vs sensitivity, all drugs.

Set	Analysis	PRR (95% CI)	p	NB theta	N
Primary	Hydroxyurea: full cohort	1.03 (1.02 to 1.03)	< 0.0001	9.91e+05	48760
Primary	Hydroxyurea: rx-exposed	0.70 (0.67 to 0.72)	< 0.0001	1.08	12371
Primary	L-glutamine: full cohort	0.84 (0.58 to 1.23)	0.3668	0.00222	48760
Primary	L-glutamine: rx-exposed	0.66 (0.56 to 0.79)	< 0.0001	0.792	706
Primary	Crizanlizumab: full cohort	0.03 (0.00 to 0.35)	0.0023	6.12e-05	48760
Primary	Crizanlizumab: rx-exposed	0.01 (0.01 to 0.03)	< 0.0001	1.26	33
Primary	Voxelotor: full cohort	0.41 (0.28 to 0.59)	< 0.0001	0.00243	48760
Primary	Voxelotor: rx-exposed	0.36 (0.31 to 0.42)	< 0.0001	0.876	818
Primary	Any DMT: full cohort	1.02 (1.02 to 1.02)	< 0.0001	1.01e+06	48760
Primary	Any DMT: rx-exposed	0.70 (0.68 to 0.73)	< 0.0001	1.09	12657
Sensitivity	(no trait) Hydroxyurea: full cohort	1.09 (1.09 to 1.09)	< 0.0001	1.02e+06	35976
Sensitivity	(no trait) Hydroxyurea: rx-exposed	0.71 (0.68 to 0.73)	< 0.0001	1.12	10080
Sensitivity	(no trait) L-glutamine: full cohort	0.88 (0.57 to 1.36)	0.5560	0.00234	35976
Sensitivity	(no trait) L-glutamine: rx-exposed	0.67 (0.56 to 0.81)	< 0.0001	0.807	546
Sensitivity	(no trait) Crizanlizumab: full cohort	0.03 (0.00 to 0.42)	0.0031	8.16e-05	35976
Sensitivity	(no trait) Crizanlizumab: rx-exposed	0.02 (0.01 to 0.05)	< 0.0001	1.16	18
Sensitivity	(no trait) Voxelotor: full cohort	0.43 (0.29 to 0.65)	< 0.0001	0.00263	35976
Sensitivity	(no trait) Voxelotor: rx-exposed	0.37 (0.32 to 0.44)	< 0.0001	0.889	657
Sensitivity	(no trait) Any DMT: full cohort	1.08 (1.08 to 1.08)	< 0.0001	1.05e+06	35976
Sensitivity	(no trait) Any DMT: rx-exposed	0.71 (0.68 to 0.74)	< 0.0001	1.12	10324

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16 Sensitivity analysis: age subset

16.1 Rationale

Two adult-only sensitivity analyses are run in parallel rather than as alternatives. The fixed-age cut at 18 is the literature default in claims-based SCD pharmacoepidemiology (Udeze 2025, Kanter 2019, Medicaid 2025). The cut at 26 is data-justified by the age distribution of cohort exit: in the Commercial arm, exit-age density shows a pronounced spike at exactly age 26, the ACA dependent-coverage cliff, and a second smaller cluster at 65 marking Medicare transition. In the Medicaid arm, the EPSDT age-21 transition produces a similar though less abrupt feature. Restricting to age 26 and above isolates patients past both the dependent-coverage cliff and most state Medicaid age cliffs, which is the cleanest definition of an “access-stable adult” subset the data support.

For each threshold we report two operationalizations. The fixed-age definition restricts to patients whose age at first SCD diagnosis is at or above the threshold; this is the published convention. It is biased toward apparent insurance-arm equivalence because patients who entered pediatric and aged into adulthood during follow-up are misclassified as adults, and the pediatric arm of this cohort persists better than the adult arm. The person-time-aware definition keeps all patients but restricts each patient’s observation window to the segment after they crossed the threshold; rx-days and total-days are summed over that adult segment only. The two definitions answer the same conceptual question with different exposure-misclassification properties.

16.2 Boundary crossings

The boundary-crossing table quantifies the magnitude of within-follow-up age transitions that fixed-age sensitivity ignores. The asymmetry between arms is the substantive feature: Medicaid patients cross both thresholds at roughly twice the Commercial rate.

Boundary-crossing rates at age 18 and age 26 by insurance arm. Patients who crossed during follow-up are the ambiguity that distinguishes the fixed-age and person-time-aware definitions.

Threshold	Insurance	N	Always pediatric, n (%)	Crossed during follow-up, n (%)	Always adult, n (%)
Age 18	Commercial	24,068	5,624 (23.4%)	1,937 (8.0%)	16,507 (68.6%)
Age 18	Medicaid	24,692	7,857 (31.8%)	4,055 (16.4%)	12,780 (51.8%)
Age 26	Commercial	24,068	10,098 (42.0%)	1,389 (5.8%)	12,581 (52.3%)
Age 26	Medicaid	24,692	13,898 (56.3%)	2,986 (12.1%)	7,808 (31.6%)

16.3 Persistence summary across age subsets

Median months on Any DMT among rx-exposed initiators, restricted to each age subset. Persistence at the median is similar across all subsets in both arms, with differentiation appearing in the upper tail rather than central tendency, mirroring the pattern in the primary analysis.

Any DMT persistence by insurance across age subsets. Median months on therapy is the longest continuous merged episode per rx-exposed initiator.

Scenario	Insurance	N initiators	Median (Q1, Q3) months
Primary	Commercial	6,157	2.92 (0.95, 5.91)
Primary	Medicaid	6,500	2.17 (0.95, 5.06)
Trait excluded	Commercial	5,398	2.92 (0.95, 5.82)
Trait excluded	Medicaid	4,926	2.17 (0.95, 5.06)
Age >= 18 (fixed)	Commercial	3,904	2.89 (0.95, 5.59)
Age >= 18 (fixed)	Medicaid	2,715	1.91 (0.95, 3.71)
Age >= 26 (fixed)	Commercial	2,686	2.92 (0.95, 6.01)
Age >= 26 (fixed)	Medicaid	1,354	1.97 (0.95, 4.04)
Age >= 18 + trait excluded	Commercial	3,385	2.86 (0.95, 5.39)
Age >= 18 + trait excluded	Medicaid	1,904	1.94 (0.95, 3.78)

16.4 Coverage PRR: consolidated sensitivity table

The Medicaid-vs-Commercial rx-exposed PRR for Any DMT is robust to age restriction across both definitions and both thresholds. The combined adult-and-trait-excluded scenario tests the most aggressive joint sensitivity and yields a PRR in the same range as the primary. A final sensitivity excluding patients who are both trait-flagged and never DMT-exposed is appended for completeness, retaining only patients with no trait code or with independent treatment evidence of clinician diagnostic intent. This sensitivity is informative for the full-cohort PRR (because the cohort denominator changes by ~10,400 patients) but produces an rx-exposed PRR essentially identical to the existing trait-excluded sensitivity, since the rx-exposed conditioning already excludes the never-exposed patients dropped here. We present it as a downstream sensitivity rather than a redefined primary cohort because the exclusion criterion is partly on the outcome (treatment).

Figure: Medicaid-vs-Commercial coverage PRR (Any DMT, rx-exposed) across primary, trait-excluded, and age-restricted sensitivity definitions. The dashed vertical reference marks PRR = 1.0 (no Medicaid-versus-Commercial difference). Fixed-age scenarios restrict to patients aged 265 threshold at first SCD diagnosis; person-time-aware scenarios restrict each patient’s observation window to the post-threshold segment. The trait-flagged-untreated-excluded row is omitted from this figure because its rx-exposed estimate is identical to the trait-excluded row by construction; see the next subsection for the full-cohort framing of that cohort.

Poster-quality export of the sensitivity forest (WashU cardinal palette, 300 dpi). File written to forest_sensitivity_poster.png in the knit output directory. Drop directly into the poster build script to replace the matplotlib placeholder.

16.5 Trait-flagged-untreated-excluded cohort: full-cohort PRR

The rx-exposed PRR row above is near-identical to the trait-excluded sensitivity by construction. The full-cohort PRR is the more informative comparator since the new exclusion changes the denominator: the number of trait-flagged + never-exposed patients dropped is 10,451, leaving N = 38,309.

Trait-flagged-untreated-excluded cohort sensitivity, full-cohort coverage PRR (Any DMT). For comparison, the primary full-cohort PRR is 1.02 and the trait-excluded full-cohort PRR is 1.08.

Scenario	N	PRR (95% CI)	p	NB theta
Trait-flagged untreated excluded	38,309	1.160 (1.158 to 1.162)	< 0.0001	1.2e+06

The full-cohort PRR point estimate rises across the three cumulative restriction definitions (1.02 primary, 1.08 trait excluded, 1.16 trait-flagged untreated excluded). This drift is descriptive rather than inferential: the primary full-cohort PRR is not distinguishable from parity (patient-clustered bootstrap 95% CI 0.967 to 1.072, includes unity), and the trait-excluded and further-restricted estimates were not bootstrapped, so none of the three supports a claim of a significant population-level Medicaid-Commercial difference. The upward drift is consistent with progressive removal of Medicaid-skewed-but-untreated patients changing the denominator more on the Medicaid side than on the Commercial side: trait-flagged patients are over-represented in the Medicaid arm (Medicaid has more pediatric-onset patients with longer observation windows during which trait codes can accumulate), and never-exposed trait-flagged patients are the most over-represented Medicaid subgroup. Read against the rx-exposed result, the population-level picture is best described as approximate parity at the primary cohort, with the restricted point estimates indicating only that the modest population-level direction is sensitive to which untreated patients remain in the denominator. The interval-supported finding is at the initiator level: Medicaid initiators spend a smaller fraction of follow-up on therapy than Commercial initiators (rx-exposed PRR 0.70).

16.6 Interpretation

Across all seven sensitivity scenarios, the rx-exposed PRR remains within a narrow band (0.67 to 0.74), with no scenario approaching unity. Adult-only restrictions at either threshold (18 or 26, fixed-age operationalization) yield PRRs of 0.67, materially lower than the 0.70 all-ages primary. This rules out the most likely reviewer concern that the headline gap is driven by Commercial pediatric persistence: when restricted to adults, the Medicaid-Commercial coverage gap is larger, not smaller. The person-time-aware operationalization yields slightly less extreme estimates (0.72 at 18, 0.68 at 26), consistent with the predicted misclassification direction in the fixed-age cut. The combined adult-and-trait-excluded scenario (0.69) and the trait-flagged-untreated-excluded scenario test the most aggressive joint sensitivities and remain consistent with the primary.

In parallel, the full-cohort PRR point estimate rises with progressive cohort restriction (1.02, 1.08, 1.16), but the primary estimate is not distinguishable from parity once the patient-clustered bootstrap interval is applied (0.967 to 1.072), and the restricted estimates carry no interval. The population-level Medicaid-Commercial picture is therefore best read as approximate parity rather than as a Medicaid initiation advantage; the apparent upward drift reflects which untreated patients remain in the denominator, not an interval-supported difference. The headline finding, that Medicaid initiators spend a meaningfully smaller fraction of their observation time on DMT than Commercial initiators, is preserved across every sensitivity definition (rx-exposed PRR 0.67 to 0.74).

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17 Sensitivity analysis: time to first discontinuation (ISPOR persistence)

17.1 Rationale

The primary persistence analysis (Persistence on therapy, above) measures the longest uninterrupted Any-DMT episode anywhere in follow-up. The traditional ISPOR definition instead follows each initiator from the first DMT fill to the first discontinuation, where discontinuation is the first supply lapse exceeding the 7-day permissible gap, dated at the end of supply of the first continuous episode, and censors patients still covered at cohort exit. This is the more conservative construct: a patient who stops, then restarts and runs a longer second episode contributes the short first episode here but the long later one to the longest-run analysis, so the two definitions bound the persistence estimate. These curves are shown for demonstration; no log-rank test is reported.

ISPOR first-episode persistence: time from first Any-DMT fill to first >7-day supply lapse, censored at cohort exit. Median months on therapy with interquartile range; events are observed discontinuations, censored patients remained covered through end of follow-up.

Stratum	Level	N	Discontinuations	Censored	Median months (IQR)
Overall	All	12,657	11,910	747	0.95 (0.95 to 2.17)
Insurance	Commercial	6,157	5,655	502	0.95 (0.95 to 2.92)
Insurance	Medicaid	6,500	6,255	245	0.95 (0.95 to 1.97)
Age category	<18	6,038	5,691	347	0.95 (0.95 to 2.69)
Age category	18-34	4,508	4,290	218	0.95 (0.95 to 1.87)
Age category	35-54	1,827	1,673	154	0.95 (0.95 to 2.92)
Age category	55+	284	256	28	1.84 (0.95 to 4.14)
Sex	Male	6,219	5,834	385	0.95 (0.95 to 2.17)
Sex	Female	6,438	6,076	362	0.95 (0.95 to 2.14)

17.2 Kaplan-Meier curves (first fill to first discontinuation)

Overall

By insurance

By age category

By sex

17.3 Life table (raw, un-truncated follow-up)

ISPOR persistence: overall life table (raw follow-up).

Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
0	12657	14	7	99.9	(99.8, 99.9)
1	5151	7294	191	41.5	(40.6, 42.3)
2	3711	1315	125	30.7	(29.9, 31.5)
3	2232	1356	123	19.2	(18.5, 20.0)
4	1594	589	49	14.1	(13.5, 14.7)
5	1205	357	32	10.9	(10.4, 11.5)
6	896	278	31	8.4	(7.9, 8.9)
7	736	137	23	7.1	(6.6, 7.6)
8	601	114	21	6.0	(5.5, 6.4)
9	492	96	13	5.0	(4.6, 5.4)
10	407	74	11	4.2	(3.9, 4.6)
11	347	45	15	3.8	(3.4, 4.1)
12	274	52	21	3.2	(2.9, 3.5)
13	228	38	8	2.7	(2.4, 3.1)
14	197	26	5	2.4	(2.1, 2.7)
15	168	28	1	2.1	(1.8, 2.4)
16	148	17	3	1.9	(1.6, 2.2)
17	136	10	2	1.7	(1.5, 2.0)
18	121	11	4	1.6	(1.4, 1.9)
19	106	15	0	1.4	(1.2, 1.7)
20	95	11	0	1.2	(1.0, 1.5)
21	81	12	2	1.1	(0.9, 1.3)
22	72	8	1	1.0	(0.8, 1.2)
23	62	7	3	0.9	(0.7, 1.1)
24	52	6	4	0.8	(0.6, 1.0)
25	46	5	1	0.7	(0.6, 0.9)
26	44	2	0	0.7	(0.5, 0.9)
27	37	5	2	0.6	(0.5, 0.8)
28	34	3	0	0.6	(0.4, 0.8)
29	29	4	1	0.5	(0.4, 0.7)
30	25	3	1	0.4	(0.3, 0.6)
31	24	1	0	0.4	(0.3, 0.6)
32	20	4	0	0.4	(0.2, 0.5)
33	16	3	1	0.3	(0.2, 0.5)
34	15	1	0	0.3	(0.2, 0.4)
35	15	0	0	0.3	(0.2, 0.4)
36	15	0	0	0.3	(0.2, 0.4)
37	14	0	1	0.3	(0.2, 0.4)
38	14	0	0	0.3	(0.2, 0.4)
39	13	1	0	0.3	(0.2, 0.4)
40	13	0	0	0.3	(0.2, 0.4)
41	12	1	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
42	11	1	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
43	10	1	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
44	9	0	1	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
45	9	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
46	9	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
47	8	1	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.3)
48	5	3	0	0.1	(0.0, 0.2)

ISPOR persistence: life table by insurance (raw follow-up).

Stratum	Month	N at risk	Events	Censored	Surv (%)	95% CI (%)
Commercial	0	6157	2	7	100.0	(99.9, 100.0)
Commercial	1	2784	3247	117	46.3	(45.0, 47.5)
Commercial	2	2128	568	88	36.6	(35.4, 37.8)
Commercial	3	1327	750	51	23.5	(22.4, 24.6)
Commercial	4	962	325	40	17.6	(16.7, 18.6)
Commercial	5	741	195	26	14.0	(13.1, 14.9)
Commercial	6	548	171	22	10.7	(9.9, 11.6)
Commercial	7	457	69	22	9.3	(8.6, 10.1)
Commercial	8	371	67	19	8.0	(7.3, 8.7)
Commercial	9	304	55	12	6.8	(6.1, 7.5)
Commercial	10	250	46	8	5.7	(5.1, 6.4)
Commercial	11	209	26	15	5.1	(4.5, 5.8)
Commercial	12	159	31	19	4.3	(3.8, 4.9)
Commercial	13	130	25	4	3.6	(3.1, 4.2)
Commercial	14	111	15	4	3.2	(2.7, 3.8)
Commercial	15	97	13	1	2.8	(2.4, 3.4)
Commercial	16	88	6	3	2.6	(2.2, 3.2)
Commercial	17	79	7	2	2.4	(2.0, 3.0)
Commercial	18	72	4	3	2.3	(1.9, 2.8)
Commercial	19	63	9	0	2.0	(1.6, 2.5)
Commercial	20	57	6	0	1.8	(1.4, 2.3)
Commercial	21	48	7	2	1.6	(1.2, 2.1)
Commercial	22	42	5	1	1.4	(1.1, 1.9)
Commercial	23	36	3	3	1.3	(1.0, 1.8)
Commercial	24	29	3	4	1.2	(0.9, 1.6)
Commercial	25	25	3	1	1.1	(0.8, 1.5)
Commercial	26	25	0	0	1.1	(0.8, 1.5)
Commercial	27	21	2	2	1.0	(0.7, 1.4)
Commercial	28	20	1	0	0.9	(0.7, 1.4)
Commercial	29	17	2	1	0.8	(0.6, 1.3)
Commercial	30	14	2	1	0.7	(0.5, 1.1)
Commercial	31	13	1	0	0.7	(0.4, 1.1)
Commercial	32	9	4	0	0.5	(0.3, 0.9)
Commercial	33	5	3	1	0.3	(0.1, 0.7)
Commercial	34	5	0	0	0.3	(0.1, 0.7)
Commercial	35	5	0	0	0.3	(0.1, 0.7)
Commercial	36	5	0	0	0.3	(0.1, 0.7)
Commercial	37	5	0	0	0.3	(0.1, 0.7)
Commercial	38	5	0	0	0.3	(0.1, 0.7)
Commercial	39	4	1	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.6)
Commercial	40	4	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.6)
Commercial	41	4	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.6)
Commercial	42	4	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.6)
Commercial	43	4	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.6)
Commercial	44	3	0	1	0.2	(0.1, 0.6)
Commercial	45	3	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.6)
Commercial	46	3	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.6)
Commercial	47	3	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.6)
Commercial	48	2	1	0	0.2	(0.0, 0.5)
Medicaid	0	6500	12	0	99.8	(99.7, 99.9)
Medicaid	1	2367	4047	74	37.0	(35.8, 38.1)
Medicaid	2	1583	747	37	25.2	(24.1, 26.2)
Medicaid	3	905	606	72	15.3	(14.4, 16.2)
Medicaid	4	632	264	9	10.8	(10.1, 11.6)
Medicaid	5	464	162	6	8.0	(7.4, 8.8)
Medicaid	6	348	107	9	6.2	(5.6, 6.8)
Medicaid	7	279	68	1	5.0	(4.4, 5.5)
Medicaid	8	230	47	2	4.1	(3.6, 4.7)
Medicaid	9	188	41	1	3.4	(2.9, 3.9)
Medicaid	10	157	28	3	2.9	(2.5, 3.3)
Medicaid	11	138	19	0	2.5	(2.2, 3.0)
Medicaid	12	115	21	2	2.1	(1.8, 2.6)
Medicaid	13	98	13	4	1.9	(1.6, 2.3)
Medicaid	14	86	11	1	1.7	(1.4, 2.1)
Medicaid	15	71	15	0	1.4	(1.1, 1.7)
Medicaid	16	60	11	0	1.2	(0.9, 1.5)
Medicaid	17	57	3	0	1.1	(0.9, 1.4)
Medicaid	18	49	7	1	1.0	(0.7, 1.3)
Medicaid	19	43	6	0	0.9	(0.6, 1.1)
Medicaid	20	38	5	0	0.8	(0.6, 1.0)
Medicaid	21	33	5	0	0.7	(0.5, 0.9)
Medicaid	22	30	3	0	0.6	(0.4, 0.8)
Medicaid	23	26	4	0	0.5	(0.4, 0.8)
Medicaid	24	23	3	0	0.5	(0.3, 0.7)
Medicaid	25	21	2	0	0.4	(0.3, 0.6)
Medicaid	26	19	2	0	0.4	(0.2, 0.6)
Medicaid	27	16	3	0	0.3	(0.2, 0.5)
Medicaid	28	14	2	0	0.3	(0.2, 0.5)
Medicaid	29	12	2	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
Medicaid	30	11	1	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
Medicaid	31	11	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
Medicaid	32	11	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
Medicaid	33	11	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
Medicaid	34	10	1	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
Medicaid	35	10	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
Medicaid	36	10	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
Medicaid	37	9	0	1	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
Medicaid	38	9	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
Medicaid	39	9	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
Medicaid	40	9	0	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.4)
Medicaid	41	8	1	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.3)
Medicaid	42	7	1	0	0.2	(0.1, 0.3)
Medicaid	43	6	1	0	0.1	(0.1, 0.3)
Medicaid	44	6	0	0	0.1	(0.1, 0.3)
Medicaid	45	6	0	0	0.1	(0.1, 0.3)
Medicaid	46	6	0	0	0.1	(0.1, 0.3)
Medicaid	47	5	1	0	0.1	(0.0, 0.3)
Medicaid	48	3	2	0	0.1	(0.0, 0.2)

---

18 Sensitivity analysis: gap-tolerance definition of continuous exposure

18.1 Rationale

The primary persistence and coverage analyses define a continuous-exposure episode as the union of fills whose pairwise svcdate-to-prior-end gap is at most seven days. This 7-day tolerance aligns with ISPOR good-practice guidance and accommodates normal refill timing, mail-order delays, and brief dose-titration pauses. Two bracketing sensitivities are reported here. The 1-day tolerance is the strictest convention found in claims-based DMT-persistence literature: any refill delay beyond 24 hours splits an episode. It is the upstream pre-collapsed table’s stitching rule and serves as both an orchestration sanity check and the conservative lower bracket for episode duration. The 30-day tolerance is the most permissive convention in standard use, covering 28-day and monthly fill cadences, and provides the strongest test that the primary persistence and PRR estimates are not artifacts of stitching choice. If the headline finding (Medicaid initiators spend approximately 30% fewer person-days on therapy than Commercial initiators) were stitching-dependent, the rx-exposed PRR would attenuate substantially toward unity at 30 days.

This sensitivity re-collapses raw fills directly from the upstream pharmacy claims tables at all three tolerances (1, 7, 30 days), with the 7-day pipeline serving as the primary throughout the report.

18.2 Persistence summary across gap tolerances

Any DMT persistence by insurance arm across three gap tolerances (Role column: primary 7-day vs 1-day strict and 30-day permissive sensitivities). Median months on therapy is the longest continuous merged episode per rx-exposed initiator. The 12-month KM landmark and 95% confidence interval are computed from the Kaplan-Meier estimator applied to the re-collapsed episodes at each tolerance.

Gap tolerance	Role	Insurance	N initiators	Median months (Q1, Q3)	12-mo % (95% CI)
≤ 7 days	primary	Commercial	6157	2.92 (0.95, 5.91)	13.9% (13.0, 15.0)
≤ 7 days	primary	Medicaid	6500	2.17 (0.95, 5.06)	9.8% (9.1, 10.6)
≤ 1 day	strict sensitivity	Commercial	6157	1.97 (0.95, 3.78)	4.4% (3.9, 5.1)
≤ 1 day	strict sensitivity	Medicaid	6500	1.91 (0.95, 3.12)	2.4% (2.0, 2.9)
≤ 30 days	permissive sensitivity	Commercial	6157	4.96 (2.07, 11.50)	34.6% (33.4, 35.9)
≤ 30 days	permissive sensitivity	Medicaid	6500	4.37 (1.87, 11.56)	28.1% (26.9, 29.2)

18.3 Coverage PRR across gap tolerances

Medicaid-vs-Commercial coverage PRR for Any DMT across three gap tolerances, in both cohort framings. The 7-day row is the primary; the 1-day and 30-day rows are the strict and permissive sensitivities. Full-cohort framing uses all SCD patients including never-initiators (N = 48,760); rx-exposed framing restricts to patients with at least one merged episode at the given tolerance.

Gap tolerance	Role	Framing	N	PRR (95% CI)	p	NB theta
≤ 7 days	primary	Full cohort	48,760	1.017 (1.016, 1.019)	< 0.0001	1.01e+06
≤ 7 days	primary	Rx-exposed	12,657	0.702 (0.678, 0.725)	< 0.0001	1.09
≤ 1 day	strict sensitivity	Full cohort	48,760	1.016 (1.014, 1.017)	< 0.0001	9.9e+05
≤ 1 day	strict sensitivity	Rx-exposed	12,657	0.700 (0.677, 0.724)	< 0.0001	1.1
≤ 30 days	permissive sensitivity	Full cohort	48,760	1.037 (1.036, 1.039)	< 0.0001	1.1e+06
≤ 30 days	permissive sensitivity	Rx-exposed	12,657	0.717 (0.693, 0.741)	< 0.0001	1.05

18.4 Coverage PRR across gap tolerances: forest plot

18.5 Cascade prevalence across gap tolerances and exposure thresholds

This figure isolates the cascade-level question that the §9 milestone tables address only at the primary tolerance: how many patients reach successively longer continuous Any-DMT exposure thresholds, and how does that count shift as the stitching rule moves from strict (1 d) to primary (7 d) to permissive (30 d)? Five duration thresholds are shown (30, 60, 90, 180, 365 days). The top row uses the full SCD cohort denominator (N = 48,760), so percentages are population-level. The bottom row uses the rx-exposed initiator denominator and gives the conditional-on-initiation persistence picture.

Cascade prevalence at five Any-DMT continuous-exposure thresholds across three gap tolerances, stratified by insurance arm, in both denominator framings. Companion to the cascade-sensitivity figure.

Framing	Gap tolerance	Threshold (d)	Insurance	n / N	%
Full cohort	≤ 1 d	30	Commercial	4,183 / 24,068	17.38%
Full cohort	≤ 1 d	30	Medicaid	4,335 / 24,692	17.56%
Full cohort	≤ 1 d	60	Commercial	3,152 / 24,068	13.10%
Full cohort	≤ 1 d	60	Medicaid	2,909 / 24,692	11.78%
Full cohort	≤ 1 d	90	Commercial	1,963 / 24,068	8.16%
Full cohort	≤ 1 d	90	Medicaid	1,723 / 24,692	6.98%
Full cohort	≤ 1 d	180	Commercial	738 / 24,068	3.07%
Full cohort	≤ 1 d	180	Medicaid	599 / 24,692	2.43%
Full cohort	≤ 1 d	365	Commercial	150 / 24,068	0.62%
Full cohort	≤ 1 d	365	Medicaid	116 / 24,692	0.47%
Full cohort	≤ 7 d	30	Commercial	4,492 / 24,068	18.66%
Full cohort	≤ 7 d	30	Medicaid	4,653 / 24,692	18.84%
Full cohort	≤ 7 d	60	Commercial	3,978 / 24,068	16.53%
Full cohort	≤ 7 d	60	Medicaid	3,916 / 24,692	15.86%
Full cohort	≤ 7 d	90	Commercial	2,926 / 24,068	12.16%
Full cohort	≤ 7 d	90	Medicaid	2,759 / 24,692	11.17%
Full cohort	≤ 7 d	180	Commercial	1,555 / 24,068	6.46%
Full cohort	≤ 7 d	180	Medicaid	1,391 / 24,692	5.63%
Full cohort	≤ 7 d	365	Commercial	531 / 24,068	2.21%
Full cohort	≤ 7 d	365	Medicaid	519 / 24,692	2.10%
Full cohort	≤ 30 d	30	Commercial	4,925 / 24,068	20.46%
Full cohort	≤ 30 d	30	Medicaid	5,121 / 24,692	20.74%
Full cohort	≤ 30 d	60	Commercial	4,697 / 24,068	19.52%
Full cohort	≤ 30 d	60	Medicaid	4,801 / 24,692	19.44%
Full cohort	≤ 30 d	90	Commercial	3,881 / 24,068	16.13%
Full cohort	≤ 30 d	90	Medicaid	3,903 / 24,692	15.81%
Full cohort	≤ 30 d	180	Commercial	2,729 / 24,068	11.34%
Full cohort	≤ 30 d	180	Medicaid	2,714 / 24,692	10.99%
Full cohort	≤ 30 d	365	Commercial	1,471 / 24,068	6.11%
Full cohort	≤ 30 d	365	Medicaid	1,578 / 24,692	6.39%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 1 d	30	Commercial	4,183 / 6,157	67.94%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 1 d	30	Medicaid	4,335 / 6,500	66.69%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 1 d	60	Commercial	3,152 / 6,157	51.19%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 1 d	60	Medicaid	2,909 / 6,500	44.75%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 1 d	90	Commercial	1,963 / 6,157	31.88%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 1 d	90	Medicaid	1,723 / 6,500	26.51%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 1 d	180	Commercial	738 / 6,157	11.99%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 1 d	180	Medicaid	599 / 6,500	9.22%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 1 d	365	Commercial	150 / 6,157	2.44%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 1 d	365	Medicaid	116 / 6,500	1.78%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 7 d	30	Commercial	4,492 / 6,157	72.96%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 7 d	30	Medicaid	4,653 / 6,500	71.58%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 7 d	60	Commercial	3,978 / 6,157	64.61%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 7 d	60	Medicaid	3,916 / 6,500	60.25%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 7 d	90	Commercial	2,926 / 6,157	47.52%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 7 d	90	Medicaid	2,759 / 6,500	42.45%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 7 d	180	Commercial	1,555 / 6,157	25.26%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 7 d	180	Medicaid	1,391 / 6,500	21.40%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 7 d	365	Commercial	531 / 6,157	8.62%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 7 d	365	Medicaid	519 / 6,500	7.98%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 30 d	30	Commercial	4,925 / 6,157	79.99%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 30 d	30	Medicaid	5,121 / 6,500	78.78%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 30 d	60	Commercial	4,697 / 6,157	76.29%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 30 d	60	Medicaid	4,801 / 6,500	73.86%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 30 d	90	Commercial	3,881 / 6,157	63.03%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 30 d	90	Medicaid	3,903 / 6,500	60.05%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 30 d	180	Commercial	2,729 / 6,157	44.32%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 30 d	180	Medicaid	2,714 / 6,500	41.75%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 30 d	365	Commercial	1,471 / 6,157	23.89%
Rx-exposed initiators	≤ 30 d	365	Medicaid	1,578 / 6,500	24.28%

18.6 Interpretation

The 1-day reconstruction reproduces the upstream pre-collapsed table within rounding, confirming the orchestration. The primary 7-day estimates, which drive every persistence and PRR result reported elsewhere in this report, sit between the 1-day and 30-day brackets as expected. Across the full tolerance range, the rx-exposed PRR for Any DMT moves only modestly. If the headline finding (Medicaid initiators spend approximately 30% fewer person-days on therapy than Commercial initiators) were an artifact of the stitching rule, the PRR would attenuate substantially toward unity at 30 days; it does not.

The cascade-sensitivity figure surfaces a related but distinct point. Median time on therapy and the 12-month KM landmark both increase substantially with tolerance (the 12-month landmark moves roughly an order of magnitude from the 1-day to 30-day extreme), so absolute cascade percentages at the long-duration thresholds (180 and 365 days) are highly tolerance-dependent. The Commercial-over-Medicaid ranking, however, is preserved across every threshold and every tolerance and in both denominator framings. The Medicaid-Commercial coverage gap is therefore not a creature of the stitching convention; it is the absolute persistence levels, not the gap, that depend on how an episode is defined.

---

19 Session information

## R version 4.5.3 (2026-03-11 ucrt)
## Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64
## Running under: Windows 11 x64 (build 26200)
## 
## Matrix products: default
##   LAPACK version 3.12.1
## 
## locale:
## [1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.utf8 
## [2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.utf8   
## [3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.utf8
## [4] LC_NUMERIC=C                          
## [5] LC_TIME=English_United States.utf8    
## 
## time zone: America/Chicago
## tzcode source: internal
## 
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
## 
## other attached packages:
##  [1] patchwork_1.3.2  kableExtra_1.4.0 knitr_1.51       broom_1.0.12    
##  [5] janitor_2.2.1    survminer_0.5.2  ggpubr_0.6.3     survival_3.8-6  
##  [9] gtsummary_2.5.0  lubridate_1.9.5  forcats_1.0.1    stringr_1.6.0   
## [13] dplyr_1.2.1      purrr_1.2.2      readr_2.2.0      tidyr_1.3.2     
## [17] tibble_3.3.1     ggplot2_4.0.3    tidyverse_2.0.0 
## 
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
##  [1] tidyselect_1.2.1   viridisLite_0.4.3  farver_2.1.2       S7_0.2.2          
##  [5] fastmap_1.2.0      digest_0.6.39      timechange_0.4.0   lifecycle_1.0.5   
##  [9] magrittr_2.0.5     compiler_4.5.3     rlang_1.2.0        sass_0.4.10       
## [13] tools_4.5.3        yaml_2.3.12        gt_1.3.0           ggsignif_0.6.4    
## [17] labeling_0.4.3     bit_4.6.0          xml2_1.5.2         RColorBrewer_1.1-3
## [21] abind_1.4-8        withr_3.0.2        grid_4.5.3         scales_1.4.0      
## [25] MASS_7.3-65        cli_3.6.6          rmarkdown_2.31     crayon_1.5.3      
## [29] ragg_1.5.2         generics_0.1.4     otel_0.2.0         rstudioapi_0.18.0 
## [33] tzdb_0.5.0         commonmark_2.0.0   cachem_1.1.0       splines_4.5.3     
## [37] parallel_4.5.3     vctrs_0.7.3        Matrix_1.7-4       jsonlite_2.0.0    
## [41] carData_3.0-6      car_3.1-5          litedown_0.9       hms_1.1.4         
## [45] bit64_4.8.0        rstatix_0.7.3      Formula_1.2-5      systemfonts_1.3.2 
## [49] jquerylib_0.1.4    glue_1.8.1         codetools_0.2-20   ggtext_0.1.2      
## [53] stringi_1.8.7      gtable_0.3.6       pillar_1.11.1      htmltools_0.5.9   
## [57] R6_2.6.1           textshaping_1.0.5  vroom_1.7.1        evaluate_1.0.5    
## [61] lattice_0.22-9     markdown_2.0       backports_1.5.1    cards_0.7.1       
## [65] gridtext_0.1.6     snakecase_0.11.1   bslib_0.10.0       Rcpp_1.1.1-1      
## [69] cardx_0.3.2        svglite_2.2.2      gridExtra_2.3      xfun_0.57         
## [73] fs_2.1.0           pkgconfig_2.0.3