Study 295378: 2(Form) × 2(Severity) Analysis
Anjali Singh
2026-06-08
1 Sample
## N after exclusions: 935## # A tibble: 4 × 3
## Format Severity N
## <fct> <fct> <int>
## 1 Capsule Non-Severe 236
## 2 Capsule Severe 233
## 3 Pump Bottle Non-Severe 230
## 4 Pump Bottle Severe 2362 Correlations & Composites
## Correlation: FP1 & FP2##
## Pearson's product-moment correlation
##
## data: df$FP1 and df$FP2
## t = 80.413, df = 933, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 0.9262304 0.9424570
## sample estimates:
## cor
## 0.93483##
## Correlation: E2 & E3##
## Pearson's product-moment correlation
##
## data: df$E2 and df$E3
## t = 71.362, df = 933, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 0.9087752 0.9286992
## sample estimates:
## cor
## 0.9193244##
## Summary: FP_AVG## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## -3.0000 -1.0000 0.0000 -0.0984 1.0000 3.0000##
## Summary: E_AVG## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## -3.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.7241 1.5000 3.00003 Manipulation Checks
3.1 Drug-like Perception (MC_D) by Format
##
## Welch Two Sample t-test
##
## data: MC_D by Cond_Form
## t = 10.487, df = 931.49, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group 0 and group 1 is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 1.013574 1.480245
## sample estimates:
## mean in group 0 mean in group 1
## 0.3134328 -0.9334764
3.2 Cosmetic-like Perception (MC_C) by Format
##
## Welch Two Sample t-test
##
## data: MC_C by Cond_Form
## t = -7.4535, df = 880.35, p-value = 2.174e-13
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group 0 and group 1 is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -1.0168704 -0.5929651
## sample estimates:
## mean in group 0 mean in group 1
## 0.6972281 1.5021459
3.3 Severity Perception (MC_S) by Severity Condition
##
## Welch Two Sample t-test
##
## data: MC_S by Cond_Sev
## t = -40.936, df = 911.19, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group 0 and group 1 is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -3.592416 -3.263720
## sample estimates:
## mean in group 0 mean in group 1
## -1.587983 1.840085
4 Moderation
4.1 Price Fairness (FP_AVG)
4.1.1 Cell Means
## # A tibble: 4 × 5
## Format Severity M SD n
## <fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int>
## 1 Capsule Non-Severe -0.328 1.52 236
## 2 Capsule Severe 0.365 1.57 233
## 3 Pump Bottle Non-Severe -0.565 1.63 230
## 4 Pump Bottle Severe 0.129 1.55 2364.1.2 Regression Model
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = FP_AVG ~ Cond_Form_c * Cond_Sev_c, data = df)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -3.3648 -1.1292 -0.1292 1.1352 3.5652
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -0.098399 0.051350 -1.916 0.0556 .
## Cond_Form_c -0.236197 0.102701 -2.300 0.0217 *
## Cond_Sev_c 0.693824 0.102701 6.756 2.5e-11 ***
## Cond_Form_c:Cond_Sev_c 0.001258 0.205403 0.006 0.9951
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 1.57 on 931 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.05158, Adjusted R-squared: 0.04853
## F-statistic: 16.88 on 3 and 931 DF, p-value: 1.108e-104.1.3 ANOVA & Pairwise Comparisons
## Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
## Cond_Form_label 1 12.3 12.31 4.995 0.0257 *
## Cond_Sev_label 1 112.5 112.51 45.640 2.5e-11 ***
## Cond_Form_label:Cond_Sev_label 1 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.9951
## Residuals 931 2295.1 2.47
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1## Tukey multiple comparisons of means
## 95% family-wise confidence level
##
## Fit: aov(formula = FP_AVG ~ Cond_Form_label * Cond_Sev_label, data = df)
##
## $Cond_Form_label
## diff lwr upr p adj
## Pump Bottle-Capsule -0.2295108 -0.4310537 -0.02796791 0.0256636
##
## $Cond_Sev_label
## diff lwr upr p adj
## Severe-Non-Severe 0.6937592 0.4922163 0.8953021 0
##
## $`Cond_Form_label:Cond_Sev_label`
## diff lwr upr
## Pump Bottle:Non-Severe-Capsule:Non-Severe -0.2368276 -0.61124414 0.1375890
## Capsule:Severe-Capsule:Non-Severe 0.6931967 0.32000283 1.0663906
## Pump Bottle:Severe-Capsule:Non-Severe 0.4576271 0.08562875 0.8296255
## Capsule:Severe-Pump Bottle:Non-Severe 0.9300243 0.55441987 1.3056286
## Pump Bottle:Severe-Pump Bottle:Non-Severe 0.6944547 0.32003810 1.0688713
## Pump Bottle:Severe-Capsule:Severe -0.2355696 -0.60876344 0.1376243
## p adj
## Pump Bottle:Non-Severe-Capsule:Non-Severe 0.3633404
## Capsule:Severe-Capsule:Non-Severe 0.0000121
## Pump Bottle:Severe-Capsule:Non-Severe 0.0086562
## Capsule:Severe-Pump Bottle:Non-Severe 0.0000000
## Pump Bottle:Severe-Pump Bottle:Non-Severe 0.0000125
## Pump Bottle:Severe-Capsule:Severe 0.36520884.1.4 Plot
4.2 Efficacy (E_AVG)
4.2.1 Cell Means
## # A tibble: 4 × 5
## Format Severity M SD n
## <fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int>
## 1 Capsule Non-Severe 0.542 1.15 236
## 2 Capsule Severe 0.648 1.30 233
## 3 Pump Bottle Non-Severe 0.872 1.19 230
## 4 Pump Bottle Severe 0.837 1.27 2364.2.2 Regression Model
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = E_AVG ~ Cond_Form_c * Cond_Sev_c, data = df)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -3.8717 -0.8369 0.1631 0.8519 2.4576
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.72440 0.04014 18.049 < 2e-16 ***
## Cond_Form_c 0.25886 0.08027 3.225 0.00131 **
## Cond_Sev_c 0.03564 0.08027 0.444 0.65719
## Cond_Form_c:Cond_Sev_c -0.14057 0.16055 -0.876 0.38149
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 1.227 on 931 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.01209, Adjusted R-squared: 0.008904
## F-statistic: 3.797 on 3 and 931 DF, p-value: 0.010084.2.3 ANOVA & Pairwise Comparisons
## Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
## Cond_Form_label 1 15.7 15.704 10.427 0.00129 **
## Cond_Sev_label 1 0.3 0.297 0.197 0.65715
## Cond_Form_label:Cond_Sev_label 1 1.2 1.155 0.767 0.38149
## Residuals 931 1402.2 1.506
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1## Tukey multiple comparisons of means
## 95% family-wise confidence level
##
## Fit: aov(formula = E_AVG ~ Cond_Form_label * Cond_Sev_label, data = df)
##
## $Cond_Form_label
## diff lwr upr p adj
## Pump Bottle-Capsule 0.2591945 0.1016648 0.4167242 0.0012854
##
## $Cond_Sev_label
## diff lwr upr p adj
## Severe-Non-Severe 0.03563713 -0.1218926 0.1931668 0.6571677
##
## $`Cond_Form_label:Cond_Sev_label`
## diff lwr upr
## Pump Bottle:Non-Severe-Capsule:Non-Severe 0.32936625 0.036715231 0.62201727
## Capsule:Severe-Capsule:Non-Severe 0.10569579 -0.185999531 0.39739111
## Pump Bottle:Severe-Capsule:Non-Severe 0.29449153 0.003730631 0.58525242
## Capsule:Severe-Pump Bottle:Non-Severe -0.22367046 -0.517249887 0.06990897
## Pump Bottle:Severe-Pump Bottle:Non-Severe -0.03487472 -0.327525742 0.25777629
## Pump Bottle:Severe-Capsule:Severe 0.18879574 -0.102899582 0.48049106
## p adj
## Pump Bottle:Non-Severe-Capsule:Non-Severe 0.0201410
## Capsule:Severe-Capsule:Non-Severe 0.7873560
## Pump Bottle:Severe-Capsule:Non-Severe 0.0457989
## Capsule:Severe-Pump Bottle:Non-Severe 0.2037343
## Pump Bottle:Severe-Pump Bottle:Non-Severe 0.9899887
## Pump Bottle:Severe-Capsule:Severe 0.34250274.2.4 Plot
5 Mediation
5.1 Simple Mediation — Model 4
X = Format | M = Efficacy | Y = Price Fairness
##
## **************** PROCESS Procedure for R Version 5.0 ******************
##
## Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D. www.afhayes.com
## Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3
##
## ***********************************************************************
##
## PROCESS is now ready for use.
## Copyright 2013-2025 by Andrew F. Hayes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
## Workshop schedule at haskayne.ucalgary.ca/CCRAM
## Information about PROCESS available at processmacro.org/faq.html##
## **************** PROCESS Procedure for R Version 5.0 ******************
##
## Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D. www.afhayes.com
## Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3
##
## ***********************************************************************
##
## Model: 4
## Y: FP_AVG
## X: Cond_Form_c
## M: E_AVG
##
## Sample size: 935
##
## Custom seed: 123
##
##
## ***********************************************************************
## Outcome Variable: E_AVG
##
## Model Summary:
## R R-sq MSE F df1 df2 p
## 0.1052 0.0111 1.5044 10.4384 1.0000 933.0000 0.0013
##
## Model:
## coeff se t p LLCI ULCI
## constant 0.7241 0.0401 18.0510 0.0000 0.6453 0.8028
## Cond_Form_c 0.2592 0.0802 3.2309 0.0013 0.1018 0.4166
##
## ***********************************************************************
## Outcome Variable: FP_AVG
##
## Model Summary:
## R R-sq MSE F df1 df2 p
## 0.4411 0.1946 2.0913 112.5796 2.0000 932.0000 0.0000
##
## Model:
## coeff se t p LLCI ULCI
## constant -0.5123 0.0549 -9.3248 0.0000 -0.6201 -0.4044
## Cond_Form_c -0.3777 0.0951 -3.9706 0.0001 -0.5643 -0.1910
## E_AVG 0.5716 0.0386 14.8078 0.0000 0.4958 0.6473
##
## ***********************************************************************
## Bootstrapping progress:
## | | | 0% | | | 1% | |> | 1% | |> | 2% | |>> | 2% | |>> | 3% | |>> | 4% | |>>> | 4% | |>>> | 5% | |>>> | 6% | |>>>> | 6% | |>>>> | 7% | |>>>>> | 7% | |>>>>> | 8% | |>>>>> | 9% | |>>>>>> | 9% | |>>>>>> | 10% | |>>>>>>> | 10% | |>>>>>>> | 11% | |>>>>>>> | 12% | |>>>>>>>> | 12% | |>>>>>>>> | 13% | |>>>>>>>> | 14% | |>>>>>>>>> | 14% | |>>>>>>>>> | 15% | |>>>>>>>>>> | 15% | |>>>>>>>>>> | 16% | |>>>>>>>>>> | 17% | |>>>>>>>>>>> | 17% | |>>>>>>>>>>> | 18% | |>>>>>>>>>>> | 19% | |>>>>>>>>>>>> | 19% | |>>>>>>>>>>>> | 20% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 20% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 21% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 22% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 22% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 23% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 23% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 24% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 25% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 25% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 26% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 27% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 27% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 28% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 28% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 29% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 30% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 30% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 31% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 31% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 32% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 33% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 33% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 34% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 35% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 35% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 36% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 36% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 37% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 38% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 38% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 39% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 40% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 40% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 41% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 41% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 42% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 43% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 43% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 44% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 44% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 45% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 46% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 46% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 47% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 48% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 48% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 49% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 49% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 50% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 51% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 51% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 52% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 52% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 53% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 54% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 54% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 55% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 56% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 56% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 57% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 57% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 58% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 59% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 59% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 60% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 60% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 61% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 62% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 62% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 63% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 64% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 64% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 65% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 65% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 66% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 67% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 67% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 68% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 69% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 69% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 70% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 70% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 71% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 72% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 72% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 73% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 73% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 74% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 75% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 75% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 76% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 77% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 77% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 78% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 78% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 79% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 80% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 80% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 81% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 81% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 82% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 83% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 83% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 84% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 85% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 85% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 86% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 86% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 87% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 88% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 88% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 89% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 90% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 90% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 91% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 91% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 92% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 93% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 93% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 94% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 94% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 95% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 96% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 96% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 97% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 98% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 98% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 99% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>| 99% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>| 100%
##
## **************** DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ****************
##
## Direct effect of X on Y:
## effect se t p LLCI ULCI
## -0.3777 0.0951 -3.9706 0.0001 -0.5643 -0.1910
##
## Indirect effect(s) of X on Y:
## Effect BootSE BootLLCI BootULCI
## E_AVG 0.1481 0.0473 0.0560 0.2438
##
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************
##
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
##
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 50005.2 Moderated Mediation — Model 8
X = Format | M = Efficacy | Y = Price Fairness | W = Severity
##
## **************** PROCESS Procedure for R Version 5.0 ******************
##
## Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D. www.afhayes.com
## Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3
##
## ***********************************************************************
##
## PROCESS is now ready for use.
## Copyright 2013-2025 by Andrew F. Hayes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
## Workshop schedule at haskayne.ucalgary.ca/CCRAM
## Information about PROCESS available at processmacro.org/faq.html##
## **************** PROCESS Procedure for R Version 5.0 ******************
##
## Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D. www.afhayes.com
## Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3
##
## ***********************************************************************
##
## Model: 8
## Y: FP_AVG
## X: Cond_Form_c
## M: E_AVG
## W: Cond_Sev_c
##
## Sample size: 935
##
## Custom seed: 123
##
##
## ***********************************************************************
## Outcome Variable: E_AVG
##
## Model Summary:
## R R-sq MSE F df1 df2 p
## 0.1099 0.0121 1.5061 3.7969 3.0000 931.0000 0.0101
##
## Model:
## coeff se t p LLCI ULCI
## constant 0.7244 0.0401 18.0486 0.0000 0.6456 0.8032
## Cond_Form_c 0.2589 0.0803 3.2247 0.0013 0.1013 0.4164
## Cond_Sev_c 0.0356 0.0803 0.4439 0.6572 -0.1219 0.1932
## int_1 -0.1406 0.1605 -0.8756 0.3815 -0.4556 0.1745
##
## Product terms key:
## int_1 : Cond_Form_c x Cond_Sev_c
##
## Test(s) of highest order unconditional interaction(s):
## R2-chng F df1 df2 p
## X*W 0.0008 0.7666 1.0000 931.0000 0.3815
##
## ***********************************************************************
## Outcome Variable: FP_AVG
##
## Model Summary:
## R R-sq MSE F df1 df2 p
## 0.4884 0.2386 1.9814 72.8390 4.0000 930.0000 0.0000
##
## Model:
## coeff se t p LLCI ULCI
## constant -0.5099 0.0535 -9.5332 0.0000 -0.6149 -0.4049
## Cond_Form_c -0.3832 0.0926 -4.1393 0.0000 -0.5649 -0.2015
## E_AVG 0.5681 0.0376 15.1114 0.0000 0.4943 0.6418
## Cond_Sev_c 0.6736 0.0921 7.3150 0.0000 0.4929 0.8543
## int_1 0.0811 0.1842 0.4403 0.6598 -0.2804 0.4426
##
## Product terms key:
## int_1 : Cond_Form_c x Cond_Sev_c
##
## Test(s) of highest order unconditional interaction(s):
## R2-chng F df1 df2 p
## X*W 0.0002 0.1939 1.0000 930.0000 0.6598
##
## ***********************************************************************
## Bootstrapping progress:
## | | | 0% | | | 1% | |> | 1% | |> | 2% | |>> | 2% | |>> | 3% | |>> | 4% | |>>> | 4% | |>>> | 5% | |>>> | 6% | |>>>> | 6% | |>>>> | 7% | |>>>>> | 7% | |>>>>> | 8% | |>>>>> | 9% | |>>>>>> | 9% | |>>>>>> | 10% | |>>>>>>> | 10% | |>>>>>>> | 11% | |>>>>>>> | 12% | |>>>>>>>> | 12% | |>>>>>>>> | 13% | |>>>>>>>> | 14% | |>>>>>>>>> | 14% | |>>>>>>>>> | 15% | |>>>>>>>>>> | 15% | |>>>>>>>>>> | 16% | |>>>>>>>>>> | 17% | |>>>>>>>>>>> | 17% | |>>>>>>>>>>> | 18% | |>>>>>>>>>>> | 19% | |>>>>>>>>>>>> | 19% | |>>>>>>>>>>>> | 20% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 20% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 21% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 22% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 22% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 23% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 23% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 24% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 25% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 25% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 26% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 27% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 27% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 28% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 28% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 29% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 30% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 30% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 31% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 31% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 32% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 33% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 33% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 34% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 35% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 35% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 36% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 36% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 37% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 38% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 38% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 39% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 40% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 40% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 41% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 41% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 42% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 43% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 43% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 44% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 44% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 45% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 46% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 46% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 47% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 48% | |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> | 48% | 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##
## **************** DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ****************
##
## Conditional direct effect(s) of X on Y:
## Cond_Sev_c effect se t p LLCI ULCI
## -0.5016 -0.4239 0.1310 -3.2358 0.0013 -0.6810 -0.1668
## 0.4984 -0.3428 0.1302 -2.6332 0.0086 -0.5983 -0.0873
##
## Conditional indirect effects of X on Y:
##
## INDIRECT EFFECT:
##
## Cond_Form_c -> E_AVG -> FP_AVG
##
## Cond_Sev_c Effect BootSE BootLLCI BootULCI
## -0.5016 0.1871 0.0631 0.0660 0.3129
## 0.4984 0.1072 0.0682 -0.0217 0.2429
##
## Index of moderated mediation
## (differences beween conditional indirect effects):
## Index BootSE BootLLCI BootULCI
## Cond_Sev_c -0.0799 0.0915 -0.2616 0.0952
##
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************
##
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
##
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 50006 Summary of Key Findings
| Effect | b | p | Significant? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Format → Efficacy (a path) | 0.26 | .001 | ✅ Yes |
| Efficacy → Price Fairness (b path) | 0.57 | <.001 | ✅ Yes |
| Format → Price Fairness (direct) | −0.38 | <.001 | ✅ Yes |
| Severity → Price Fairness | 0.67 | <.001 | ✅ Yes |
| Format × Severity on Efficacy | −0.14 | .38 | ❌ No |
| Format × Severity on Price Fairness | 0.08 | .66 | ❌ No |
| Indirect effect (a×b) | 0.14 | — | ✅ CI [0.05, 0.24] |
| Index of moderated mediation | −0.09 | — | ❌ CI includes 0 |
Conclusion: Partial mediation is supported. Format influences price fairness both directly and indirectly through efficacy perceptions. Severity does not moderate this indirect pathway.