| Age, years |
42.5 ± 12.9 |
44.1 ± 12.5 |
41.9 ± 12.9 |
37.1 ± 13.7 |
<0.001 |
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| 남자 |
9,216 (52.4%) |
3,781 (54.3%) |
4,963 (51.9%) |
472 (44.1%) |
|
| 여자 |
11,141 (47.6%) |
4,201 (45.7%) |
6,183 (48.1%) |
757 (55.9%) |
|
| Household income |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| 하 |
4,867 (23.6%) |
1,881 (23.0%) |
2,602 (23.1%) |
384 (31.1%) |
|
| 중하 |
5,095 (25.3%) |
1,946 (24.7%) |
2,827 (25.5%) |
322 (26.6%) |
|
| 중상 |
5,194 (25.9%) |
2,071 (26.3%) |
2,849 (26.0%) |
274 (22.8%) |
|
| 상 |
5,201 (25.3%) |
2,084 (26.0%) |
2,868 (25.4%) |
249 (19.5%) |
|
| Education level |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| 초졸 이하 |
824 (3.0%) |
384 (3.6%) |
376 (2.5%) |
64 (4.2%) |
|
| 중졸 |
1,194 (4.8%) |
524 (5.3%) |
594 (4.5%) |
76 (4.9%) |
|
| 고졸 |
7,858 (39.0%) |
3,013 (38.0%) |
4,277 (38.7%) |
568 (47.8%) |
|
| 대졸 이상 |
10,481 (53.2%) |
4,061 (53.1%) |
5,899 (54.3%) |
521 (43.2%) |
|
| Smoking status |
|
|
|
|
0.058 |
| 비흡연 |
16,567 (79.6%) |
6,429 (79.0%) |
9,162 (80.2%) |
976 (77.6%) |
|
| 현재흡연 |
3,790 (20.4%) |
1,553 (21.0%) |
1,984 (19.8%) |
253 (22.4%) |
|
| Alcohol drinking |
|
|
|
|
0.018 |
| 월 1회 이하 |
10,302 (49.2%) |
3,985 (48.5%) |
5,675 (49.5%) |
642 (50.9%) |
|
| 월 2회~주 3회 |
8,820 (44.5%) |
3,477 (44.9%) |
4,853 (44.7%) |
490 (41.1%) |
|
| 주 4회 이상 |
1,235 (6.3%) |
520 (6.6%) |
618 (5.8%) |
97 (8.0%) |
|
| BMI, kg/m² |
24.2 ± 4.0 |
24.6 ± 4.0 |
24.0 ± 3.9 |
23.7 ± 4.1 |
<0.001 |
| Sleep duration, hours/day |
7.1 ± 1.2 |
6.0 ± 0.7 |
7.6 ± 0.5 |
9.5 ± 0.7 |
<0.001 |
| Aerobic physical activity, min/week |
265.1 ± 394.1 |
278.2 ± 425.2 |
259.2 ± 377.1 |
236.0 ± 332.0 |
0.067 |
| Muscle-strengthening exercise |
|
|
|
|
0.5 |
| 근력X |
15,277 (73.6%) |
5,997 (74.1%) |
8,362 (73.3%) |
918 (73.0%) |
|
| 근력O |
5,080 (26.4%) |
1,985 (25.9%) |
2,784 (26.7%) |
311 (27.0%) |
|
| Exercise combination |
|
|
|
|
0.2 |
| 75분 미만 + 근력X |
6,514 (30.6%) |
2,506 (30.1%) |
3,575 (30.5%) |
433 (33.7%) |
|
| 75분 미만 + 근력O |
941 (4.5%) |
378 (4.5%) |
506 (4.6%) |
57 (4.2%) |
|
| 75분 이상 + 근력X |
8,763 (43.0%) |
3,491 (44.0%) |
4,787 (42.7%) |
485 (39.3%) |
|
| 75분 이상 + 근력O |
4,139 (21.9%) |
1,607 (21.4%) |
2,278 (22.1%) |
254 (22.8%) |
|
| Metabolic syndrome |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| 대사증후군 없음 |
14,509 (72.2%) |
5,407 (68.7%) |
8,154 (73.9%) |
948 (78.8%) |
|
| 대사증후군 있음 |
5,848 (27.8%) |
2,575 (31.3%) |
2,992 (26.1%) |
281 (21.2%) |
|
| Abdominal obesity |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| 아니오 |
13,892 (67.8%) |
5,121 (64.0%) |
7,881 (70.0%) |
890 (72.4%) |
|
| 예 |
6,465 (32.2%) |
2,861 (36.0%) |
3,265 (30.0%) |
339 (27.6%) |
|
| Elevated blood pressure |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| 아니오 |
14,166 (70.9%) |
5,326 (67.9%) |
7,908 (72.1%) |
932 (78.0%) |
|
| 예 |
6,191 (29.1%) |
2,656 (32.1%) |
3,238 (27.9%) |
297 (22.0%) |
|
| Elevated fasting glucose |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| 아니오 |
13,717 (68.5%) |
5,133 (65.6%) |
7,674 (69.6%) |
910 (76.2%) |
|
| 예 |
6,640 (31.5%) |
2,849 (34.4%) |
3,472 (30.4%) |
319 (23.8%) |
|
| Elevated triglycerides |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| 아니오 |
13,234 (65.3%) |
4,988 (62.7%) |
7,365 (66.4%) |
881 (72.9%) |
|
| 예 |
7,123 (34.7%) |
2,994 (37.3%) |
3,781 (33.6%) |
348 (27.1%) |
|
| Low HDL cholesterol |
|
|
|
|
0.002 |
| 아니오 |
14,103 (71.1%) |
5,414 (69.6%) |
7,810 (71.7%) |
879 (74.4%) |
|
| 예 |
6,254 (28.9%) |
2,568 (30.4%) |
3,336 (28.3%) |
350 (25.6%) |
|
| Waist circumference, cm |
83.4 ± 11.4 |
84.5 ± 11.3 |
82.9 ± 11.2 |
81.3 ± 11.8 |
<0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg |
115.9 ± 14.1 |
116.7 ± 14.0 |
115.6 ± 14.1 |
114.4 ± 13.7 |
<0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg |
75.3 ± 10.0 |
76.0 ± 10.0 |
75.0 ± 9.9 |
73.8 ± 9.9 |
<0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL |
98.7 ± 21.0 |
99.9 ± 22.2 |
98.1 ± 20.1 |
96.2 ± 20.8 |
<0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL |
131.2 ± 108.0 |
134.7 ± 106.5 |
129.6 ± 108.6 |
123.0 ± 112.2 |
<0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL |
55.2 ± 14.5 |
54.8 ± 14.5 |
55.4 ± 14.4 |
56.7 ± 15.0 |
<0.001 |