Objetos Simples
Laura Cortez
10 de mayo
##Introducción a Objetos Simples en R
En este cuaderno se usarán entidades simples para crear el departamento de Bolívar
##Configuración
library(sf)## Linking to GEOS 3.14.1, GDAL 3.12.1, PROJ 9.7.1; sf_use_s2() is TRUElibrary(dplyr)##
## Adjuntando el paquete: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionlibrary(ggplot2)
library(ggspatial)##Lectura y escritura de información espacial
Lectura de información espacial
list.files("./MGN2025_MPIO_GRAFICO")## [1] "MGN_ADM_MPIO_GRAFICO.cpg" "MGN_ADM_MPIO_GRAFICO.dbf"
## [3] "MGN_ADM_MPIO_GRAFICO.prj" "MGN_ADM_MPIO_GRAFICO.sbn"
## [5] "MGN_ADM_MPIO_GRAFICO.sbx" "MGN_ADM_MPIO_GRAFICO.shp"
## [7] "MGN_ADM_MPIO_GRAFICO.shp.xml" "MGN_ADM_MPIO_GRAFICO.shx"colombia <- st_read("./MGN2025_MPIO_GRAFICO/MGN_ADM_MPIO_GRAFICO.shp")## Reading layer `MGN_ADM_MPIO_GRAFICO' from data source
## `C:\Users\imthe\Documents\GB2\Proyecto1\Datos\MGN2025_MPIO_GRAFICO\MGN_ADM_MPIO_GRAFICO.shp'
## using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 1122 features and 11 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension: XY
## Bounding box: xmin: -81.73562 ymin: -4.229406 xmax: -66.84722 ymax: 13.39473
## Geodetic CRS: WGS 84head(colombia)Escritura de información espacial
st_write(colombia, "Bolivar_municipios.gpkg", driver = "GPKG", append = F)## Deleting layer `Bolivar_municipios' using driver `GPKG'
## Writing layer `Bolivar_municipios' to data source
## `Bolivar_municipios.gpkg' using driver `GPKG'
## Writing 1122 features with 11 fields and geometry type Multi Polygon.list.files(pattern = "gpkg")## [1] "Bolívar para composición.gpkg" "Bolívar.gpkg"
## [3] "Bolivar_areasdeagua.gpkg" "Bolivar_carreteras.gpkg"
## [5] "Bolivar_lineasdeagua.gpkg" "Bolivar_municipios.gpkg"
## [7] "Ciudades de Bolívar.gpkg" "Ciudades de Colombia.gpkg"
## [9] "Curvas de nivel - Bolívar.gpkg" "Curvas de nivel - Colombia.gpkg"
## [11] "Delineado de Bolívar.gpkg" "Departamentos.gpkg"
## [13] "Elevacion_9377.gpkg" "Elevacion_9377.gpkg.aux.xml"
## [15] "Elevacion_9377.gpkg.tif" "Elevacion_9377.gpkg.tif.aux.xml"
## [17] "ISO_COL.gpkg" "Mapa Bolívar.gpkg"
## [19] "Mapa Bolívar.gpkg.aux.xml" "Municipios de Blvr.gpkg"
## [21] "Municipios de Bolívar.gpkg" "Municipios_9377.gpkg"
## [23] "propiedades de municipios.gpkg"colombia2 <- st_read("./Bolivar_municipios.gpkg")## Multiple layers are present in data source C:\Users\imthe\Documents\GB2\Proyecto1\Datos\Bolivar_municipios.gpkg, reading layer `col_adm2'.
## Use `st_layers' to list all layer names and their type in a data source.
## Set the `layer' argument in `st_read' to read a particular layer.## Warning in CPL_read_ogr(dsn, layer, query, as.character(options), quiet, :
## automatically selected the first layer in a data source containing more than
## one.## Reading layer `col_adm2' from data source
## `C:\Users\imthe\Documents\GB2\Proyecto1\Datos\Bolivar_municipios.gpkg'
## using driver `GPKG'
## Simple feature collection with 36 features and 12 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension: XY
## Bounding box: xmin: -75.79764 ymin: 6.979202 xmax: -73.769 ymax: 10.80153
## Geodetic CRS: WGS 84unique(colombia$dpto_cnmbr)## [1] "ANTIOQUIA"
## [2] "ATLÁNTICO"
## [3] "BOGOTÁ, D.C."
## [4] "BOLÍVAR"
## [5] "BOYACÁ"
## [6] "CALDAS"
## [7] "CAQUETÁ"
## [8] "CAUCA"
## [9] "CESAR"
## [10] "CÓRDOBA"
## [11] "CUNDINAMARCA"
## [12] "CHOCÓ"
## [13] "HUILA"
## [14] "LA GUAJIRA"
## [15] "MAGDALENA"
## [16] "META"
## [17] "NARIÑO"
## [18] "NORTE DE SANTANDER"
## [19] "QUINDÍO"
## [20] "RISARALDA"
## [21] "SANTANDER"
## [22] "SUCRE"
## [23] "TOLIMA"
## [24] "VALLE DEL CAUCA"
## [25] "ARAUCA"
## [26] "CASANARE"
## [27] "PUTUMAYO"
## [28] "ARCHIPIÉLAGO DE SAN ANDRÉS, PROVIDENCIA Y SANTA CATALINA"
## [29] "AMAZONAS"
## [30] "GUAINÍA"
## [31] "GUAVIARE"
## [32] "VAUPÉS"
## [33] "VICHADA"##Selección de entidades
Selección por atributo
(bolivar <- dplyr:: filter (colombia, dpto_cnmbr == "BOLÍVAR"))head(bolivar)nrow(bolivar)## [1] 46library(sf)plot(st_geometry(bolivar), col = sf.colors(12, categorical = TRUE), border = 'grey', axes = TRUE)
plot(st_geometry(st_centroid(bolivar)), pch = 3, col = 'red', add = TRUE)## Warning: st_centroid assumes attributes are constant over geometries
st_write(bolivar, "Municipios de Blvr.gpkg", driver = "GPKG", append = F)## Deleting layer `Municipios de Blvr' using driver `GPKG'
## Writing layer `Municipios de Blvr' to data source
## `Municipios de Blvr.gpkg' using driver `GPKG'
## Writing 46 features with 11 fields and geometry type Multi Polygon.Selección por locación
library(sf)
library(dplyr)cities = read.csv('./World _Cities/worldcities.csv') %>%
st_as_sf(coords=c("lng","lat"), crs=4326)citiesst_crs(cities) $epsg## [1] 4326st_crs(bolivar) $epsg## [1] 4326ncities <- st_transform(cities, crs = st_crs(bolivar))blvar_cities <- ncities [bolivar, , op = st_within]plot(st_geometry(bolivar), col = sf.colors(12, categorical = TRUE), border = "grey", axes = TRUE)
plot(st_geometry(blvar_cities), pch = 20, col = "red", add = TRUE)
##Trazado del mapa
Trazado del mapa con ggplot
library(ggplot2)ggplot() +
geom_sf( data = bolivar) +
geom_sf(data = blvar_cities, aes(color = city), size = 3)
labs (x = "longitud", y = "latitud", title = "Ciudades de Bolívar") +
theme_bw()## NULLTrazado usando ggplot y ggspatial
ggplot() +
geom_sf(data = bolivar) +
geom_sf(data = blvar_cities, aes(color = city, label = city), size =3) +
annotation_scale(location = "tr", height = unit(.25, "cm"),
width = unit(1, "cm"), pad_x = unit(0.3, "in"),
pad_y = unit(0.5, "in")) +
annotation_north_arrow (height = unit(1, "cm"), width = unit(1, "cm"),
which_north = "true", location = "tr",
pad_x = unit(0.5, "in"), pad_y = unit(0.05, "in")) +
labs (x = "Longitud", y = "Latitud" , title = "Ciudades de Bolívar") +
theme_bw()## Warning in layer_sf(geom = GeomSf, data = data, mapping = mapping, stat = stat,
## : Ignoring unknown aesthetics: label## Warning in annotation_scale(location = "tr", height = unit(0.25, "cm"), :
## Ignoring unknown parameters: `width`
##Entorno Informático
sessionInfo()## R version 4.6.0 (2026-04-24 ucrt)
## Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64
## Running under: Windows 11 x64 (build 26200)
##
## Matrix products: default
## LAPACK version 3.12.1
##
## locale:
## [1] LC_COLLATE=Spanish_Colombia.utf8 LC_CTYPE=Spanish_Colombia.utf8
## [3] LC_MONETARY=Spanish_Colombia.utf8 LC_NUMERIC=C
## [5] LC_TIME=Spanish_Colombia.utf8
##
## time zone: America/Bogota
## tzcode source: internal
##
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
##
## other attached packages:
## [1] ggspatial_1.1.10 ggplot2_4.0.3 dplyr_1.2.1 sf_1.1-1
##
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
## [1] gtable_0.3.6 jsonlite_2.0.0 compiler_4.6.0 tidyselect_1.2.1
## [5] Rcpp_1.1.1-1.1 jquerylib_0.1.4 scales_1.4.0 yaml_2.3.12
## [9] fastmap_1.2.0 R6_2.6.1 generics_0.1.4 classInt_0.4-11
## [13] s2_1.1.9 knitr_1.51 tibble_3.3.1 units_1.0-1
## [17] DBI_1.3.0 bslib_0.10.0 pillar_1.11.1 RColorBrewer_1.1-3
## [21] rlang_1.2.0 cachem_1.1.0 xfun_0.57 sass_0.4.10
## [25] S7_0.2.2 cli_3.6.6 withr_3.0.2 magrittr_2.0.5
## [29] wk_0.9.5 class_7.3-23 digest_0.6.39 grid_4.6.0
## [33] rstudioapi_0.18.0 lifecycle_1.0.5 vctrs_0.7.3 KernSmooth_2.23-26
## [37] proxy_0.4-29 evaluate_1.0.5 glue_1.8.1 farver_2.1.2
## [41] e1071_1.7-17 rmarkdown_2.31 tools_4.6.0 pkgconfig_2.0.3
## [45] htmltools_0.5.9