1 Pendahuluan

Dokumen ini memaparkan analisis Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) untuk menginvestigasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi intensi penggunaan e-wallet.

1.1 Dasar Penamaan Konstruk

Penamaan konstruk dalam penelitian ini tidak bersifat arbitrer, melainkan didasarkan pada teori yang mapan dan kesesuaian isi indikator (content validity) dengan konsep teoritis yang bersangkutan:

Singkatan Konstruk Landasan Teori
PEOU Perceived Ease of Use Technology Acceptance Model (TAM; Davis, 1989), mengukur persepsi kemudahan penggunaan teknologi, tercermin pada item seperti “The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate”
PU Perceived Usefulness TAM, mengukur persepsi manfaat dan peningkatan efisiensi, tercermin pada item seperti “Using E-Wallets helps me pay more quickly”
LC Lifestyle Compatibility Teori Difusi Inovasi (Rogers, 2003), mengukur kesesuaian teknologi dengan gaya hidup dan kebiasaan pengguna
TRUST Trust Literatur adopsi pembayaran digital, mengukur kepercayaan terhadap keamanan dan kerahasiaan transaksi, tercermin pada item seperti “My information is confidential”
SI Social Influence TAM2 & UTAUT (Venkatesh et al., 2003), mengukur pengaruh lingkungan sosial, tercermin pada item seperti “My friends recommend using E-Wallets”
CI Continuance Intention Model pasca-adopsi teknologi, mengukur niat penggunaan berkelanjutan, tercermin pada item seperti “I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future”

1.2 Model Struktural yang Diajukan

  • PEOU → PU: Kemudahan penggunaan memengaruhi persepsi kemanfaatan (jalur inti TAM).
  • PU, LC, TRUST, SI → CI: Empat faktor secara simultan memprediksi intensi penggunaan berkelanjutan.

2 Persiapan

2.1 Memuat Paket

# install.packages(c("seminr", "psych", "lavaan", "semPlot", "readxl"))
library(seminr)
library(readxl)
library(psych)
library(lavaan)
library(semPlot)

2.2 Membaca Data

data <- read_excel("Questionnaire data hafsha.xlsx")

3 Eksplorasi Data Awal

3.1 Struktur & Pratinjau Data

head(data)
## # A tibble: 6 × 33
##   University              Domicile What are the types o…¹ The transactions usi…²
##   <chr>                   <chr>    <chr>                                   <dbl>
## 1 Universitas Muhammadiy… Sragen   ShopeePay                                   5
## 2 Universitas Muhammadiy… Surakar… GO-PAY                                      4
## 3 Universitas Muhammadiy… Karanga… ShopeePay                                   5
## 4 Universitas Muhammadiy… Pati     ShopeePay                                   5
## 5 Universitas Muhammadiy… Karanga… GO-PAY                                      5
## 6 Universitas Muhammadiy… Surakar… ShopeePay                                   5
## # ℹ abbreviated names: ¹​`What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?`,
## #   ²​`The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.`
## # ℹ 29 more variables:
## #   `It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.` <dbl>,
## #   `The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.` <dbl>,
## #   `Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.` <dbl>,
## #   `Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.` <dbl>, …
str(data)
## tibble [200 × 33] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
##  $ University                                                                                              : chr [1:200] "Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta" "Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta" "Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta" "Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta" ...
##  $ Domicile                                                                                                : chr [1:200] "Sragen" "Surakarta" "Karanganyar" "Pati" ...
##  $ What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?                                                          : chr [1:200] "ShopeePay" "GO-PAY" "ShopeePay" "ShopeePay" ...
##  $ The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                 : num [1:200] 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 ...
##  $ It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                  : num [1:200] 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 4 ...
##  $ The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                               : num [1:200] 4 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 ...
##  $ Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                          : num [1:200] 3 4 4 4 5 5 3 2 5 4 ...
##  $ Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                  : num [1:200] 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 ...
##  $ With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                   : num [1:200] 5 4 3 3 5 4 4 5 5 3 ...
##  $ Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                             : num [1:200] 5 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 ...
##  $ Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                          : num [1:200] 4 3 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 ...
##  $ Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products.: num [1:200] 3 3 3 4 5 5 3 3 5 5 ...
##  $ Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                 : num [1:200] 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 3 4 4 ...
##  $ Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                             : num [1:200] 4 3 3 3 4 5 2 1 4 3 ...
##  $ Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                   : num [1:200] 3 3 3 4 4 5 2 3 5 4 ...
##  $ Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                               : num [1:200] 4 3 3 3 4 5 3 2 3 3 ...
##  $ Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                : num [1:200] 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 ...
##  $ Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                          : num [1:200] 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 ...
##  $ My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                         : num [1:200] 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 ...
##  $ I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                               : num [1:200] 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 ...
##  $ I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                               : num [1:200] 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 4 3 ...
##  $ I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                   : num [1:200] 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 ...
##  $ I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                   : num [1:200] 3 3 4 4 4 5 3 3 4 4 ...
##  $ I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                         : num [1:200] 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 ...
##  $ I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                           : num [1:200] 5 3 3 3 4 5 4 3 1 3 ...
##  $ E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                    : num [1:200] 5 3 4 4 5 4 5 3 1 3 ...
##  $ Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                 : num [1:200] 5 3 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 3 ...
##  $ My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                        : num [1:200] 4 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 1 3 ...
##  $ My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                               : num [1:200] 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 3 3 3 ...
##  $ I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                     : num [1:200] 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 ...
##  $ Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                     : num [1:200] 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 ...
##  $ Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                            : num [1:200] 5 4 3 3 4 5 4 3 4 3 ...
##  $ In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                             : num [1:200] 5 3 4 4 4 5 3 3 4 4 ...

3.2 Pemeriksaan Missing Values

cat("Total missing values:", sum(is.na(data)), "\n\n")
## Total missing values: 0
cat("Missing values per kolom:\n")
## Missing values per kolom:
print(colSums(is.na(data)))
##                                                                                               University 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                                                                 Domicile 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                           What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used? 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                  The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                   It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                                The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                           Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                   Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                    With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                              Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                           Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly. 
##                                                                                                        0 
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                  Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                              Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                    Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                 Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                           Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                          My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                    I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                    I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                          I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                            I would recommend E-Wallets to the community. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                     E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                                  Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                                         My family members use E-Wallets. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                                      I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                      Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                             Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets. 
##                                                                                                        0 
##                                              In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions. 
##                                                                                                        0

3.3 Statistik Deskriptif

describe(data)
##                                                                                                          vars
## University*                                                                                                 1
## Domicile*                                                                                                   2
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                             3
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                     4
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                      5
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                   6
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                              7
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                      8
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                       9
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                                10
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                             11
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products.   12
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                    13
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                                14
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                      15
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                  16
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                   17
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                             18
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                            19
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                  20
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                  21
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                      22
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                      23
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                            24
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                              25
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                       26
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                    27
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                           28
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                  29
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                        30
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                        31
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                               32
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                                33
##                                                                                                            n
## University*                                                                                              200
## Domicile*                                                                                                200
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                          200
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                  200
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                   200
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                200
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                           200
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                   200
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                    200
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                              200
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                           200
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products. 200
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                  200
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                              200
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                    200
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                200
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                 200
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                           200
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                          200
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                200
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                200
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                    200
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                    200
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                          200
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                            200
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                     200
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                  200
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                         200
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                200
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                      200
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                      200
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                             200
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                              200
##                                                                                                           mean
## University*                                                                                               9.65
## Domicile*                                                                                                14.01
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                           4.24
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                   4.36
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                    4.24
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                 4.23
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                            4.27
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                    4.22
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                     4.30
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                               4.26
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                            4.22
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products.  3.90
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                   3.92
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                               3.81
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                     3.98
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                 3.95
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                  4.06
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                            4.21
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                           4.12
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                 4.11
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                 4.11
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                     4.12
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                     4.08
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                           4.09
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                             3.99
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                      3.98
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                   4.05
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                          3.50
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                 3.88
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                       4.12
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                       3.96
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                              4.12
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                               4.07
##                                                                                                            sd
## University*                                                                                              4.19
## Domicile*                                                                                                5.45
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                          1.96
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                  0.72
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                   0.76
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                0.71
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                           0.73
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                   0.78
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                    0.84
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                              0.77
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                           0.77
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products. 0.88
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                  0.88
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                              1.01
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                    0.89
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                0.90
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                 0.77
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                           0.89
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                          0.76
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                0.75
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                0.76
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                    0.82
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                    0.79
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                          0.80
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                            0.87
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                     0.92
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                  0.91
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                         1.16
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                0.92
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                      0.84
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                      0.86
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                             0.81
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                              0.88
##                                                                                                          median
## University*                                                                                                12.0
## Domicile*                                                                                                  17.0
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                             5.0
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                     4.0
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                      4.0
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                   4.0
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                              4.0
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                      4.0
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                       4.5
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                                 4.0
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                              4.0
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products.    4.0
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                     4.0
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                                 4.0
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                       4.0
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                   4.0
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                    4.0
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                              4.0
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                             4.0
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                   4.0
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                   4.0
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                       4.0
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                       4.0
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                             4.0
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                               4.0
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                        4.0
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                     4.0
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                            3.5
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                   4.0
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                         4.0
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                         4.0
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                                4.0
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                                 4.0
##                                                                                                          trimmed
## University*                                                                                                 9.95
## Domicile*                                                                                                  14.82
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                             4.36
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                     4.48
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                      4.32
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                   4.31
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                              4.36
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                      4.29
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                       4.42
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                                 4.34
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                              4.29
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products.    3.93
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                     3.98
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                                 3.88
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                       4.03
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                   4.00
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                    4.10
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                              4.34
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                             4.16
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                   4.15
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                   4.16
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                       4.18
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                       4.11
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                             4.15
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                               4.03
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                        4.07
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                     4.13
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                            3.57
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                   3.94
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                         4.18
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                         3.99
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                                4.18
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                                 4.14
##                                                                                                           mad
## University*                                                                                              1.48
## Domicile*                                                                                                2.97
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                          1.48
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                  1.48
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                   1.48
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                1.48
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                           1.48
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                   1.48
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                    0.74
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                              1.48
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                           1.48
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products. 1.48
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                  1.48
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                              1.48
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                    1.48
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                1.48
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                 1.48
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                           1.48
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                          1.48
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                1.48
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                1.48
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                    1.48
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                    1.48
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                          1.48
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                            1.48
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                     1.48
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                  1.48
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                         0.74
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                1.48
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                      1.48
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                      1.48
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                             1.48
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                              1.48
##                                                                                                          min
## University*                                                                                                1
## Domicile*                                                                                                  1
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                            1
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                    1
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                     1
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                  2
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                             2
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                     2
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                      1
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                                2
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                             2
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products.   2
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                    2
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                                1
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                      2
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                  1
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                   2
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                             1
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                            2
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                  2
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                  2
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                      2
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                      2
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                            2
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                              1
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                       1
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                    2
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                           1
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                  1
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                        2
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                        1
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                               2
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                                1
##                                                                                                          max
## University*                                                                                               17
## Domicile*                                                                                                 21
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                            7
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                    5
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                     5
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                  5
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                             5
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                     5
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                      5
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                                5
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                             5
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products.   5
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                    5
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                                5
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                      5
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                  5
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                   5
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                             5
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                            5
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                  5
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                  5
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                      5
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                      5
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                            5
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                              5
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                       5
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                    5
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                           5
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                  5
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                        5
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                        5
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                               5
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                                5
##                                                                                                          range
## University*                                                                                                 16
## Domicile*                                                                                                   20
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                              6
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                      4
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                       4
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                    3
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                               3
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                       3
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                        4
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                                  3
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                               3
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products.     3
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                      3
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                                  4
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                        3
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                    4
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                     3
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                               4
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                              3
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                    3
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                    3
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                        3
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                        3
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                              3
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                                4
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                         4
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                      3
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                             4
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                    4
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                          3
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                          4
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                                 3
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                                  4
##                                                                                                           skew
## University*                                                                                              -0.79
## Domicile*                                                                                                -1.06
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                          -0.45
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                  -1.15
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                   -0.84
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                -0.61
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                           -0.69
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                   -0.64
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                    -1.11
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                              -0.67
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                           -0.54
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products. -0.23
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                  -0.34
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                              -0.42
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                    -0.31
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                -0.40
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                 -0.36
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                           -1.23
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                          -0.40
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                -0.38
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                -0.46
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                    -0.49
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                    -0.32
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                          -0.52
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                            -0.35
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                     -0.58
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                  -0.54
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                         -0.32
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                -0.39
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                      -0.48
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                      -0.36
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                             -0.45
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                              -0.65
##                                                                                                          kurtosis
## University*                                                                                                 -0.66
## Domicile*                                                                                                   -0.14
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                             -1.30
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                      1.86
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                       0.81
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                    0.01
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                              -0.09
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                      -0.36
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                        0.86
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                                 -0.41
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                              -0.70
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products.    -0.91
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                     -0.76
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                                 -0.47
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                       -0.99
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                   -0.56
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                    -0.59
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                               1.56
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                             -0.58
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                   -0.55
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                   -0.40
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                       -0.69
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                       -0.86
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                             -0.36
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                               -0.64
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                        -0.37
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                     -0.71
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                            -0.74
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                   -0.57
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                         -0.78
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                         -0.49
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                                -0.78
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                                 -0.15
##                                                                                                            se
## University*                                                                                              0.30
## Domicile*                                                                                                0.39
## What are the types of E-Wallets commonly used?*                                                          0.14
## The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct.                                                  0.05
## It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets.                                                   0.05
## The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate.                                                                0.05
## Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away.                                                           0.05
## Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions.                                                   0.06
## With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash.                                                    0.06
## Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency.                                                              0.05
## Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly.                                                           0.05
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products. 0.06
## Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle.                                  0.06
## Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle.                                                              0.07
## Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services.                    0.06
## Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation.                                                0.06
## Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private.                                 0.05
## Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets.                           0.06
## My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential.                                          0.05
## I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information.                                0.05
## I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable.                                0.05
## I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier.                                    0.06
## I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me.                    0.06
## I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws.                          0.06
## I would recommend E-Wallets to the community.                                                            0.06
## E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community.                                                     0.07
## Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets.                                                                  0.06
## My family members use E-Wallets.                                                                         0.08
## My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets.                                                0.06
## I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future.                                                      0.06
## Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life.                      0.06
## Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets.                             0.06
## In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions.                                              0.06

4 Uji Asumsi

4.1 Isolasi Data Skala (Kolom 4–33)

data_skala <- data[, 4:33]

4.2 Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO)

Nilai KMO ≥ 0,70 menunjukkan kecukupan data untuk analisis faktor.

KMO(cor(data_skala))
## Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin factor adequacy
## Call: KMO(r = cor(data_skala))
## Overall MSA =  0.95
## MSA for each item = 
##                                                  The transactions using E-Wallets are easier to conduct. 
##                                                                                                     0.91 
##                                                   It's easy for me to become skilled in using E-Wallets. 
##                                                                                                     0.89 
##                                                                The menu in E-Wallets is easy to operate. 
##                                                                                                     0.92 
##                                                           Payments using E-Wallets are just a scan away. 
##                                                                                                     0.92 
##                                                   Using e-wallet helps me to conduct daily transactions. 
##                                                                                                     0.94 
##                                                    With E-Wallets, I don't need to bother carrying cash. 
##                                                                                                     0.94 
##                                                              Using E-Wallets will enhance my efficiency. 
##                                                                                                     0.95 
##                                                           Using E-Wallets will help me pay more quickly. 
##                                                                                                     0.94 
## Transactions using E-Wallets can be accepted by merchants/shops where I want to purchase their products. 
##                                                                                                     0.95 
##                                  Using E-Wallet services is compatible with all aspects of my lifestyle. 
##                                                                                                     0.93 
##                                                              Using E-Wallet services suits my lifestyle. 
##                                                                                                     0.94 
##                    Using E-Wallet services aligns perfectly with my purchasing of products and services. 
##                                                                                                     0.95 
##                                                Using E-Wallets fits perfectly with my current situation. 
##                                                                                                     0.95 
##                                 Transactions conducted through E-Wallet channels are secure and private. 
##                                                                                                     0.95 
##                           Thus far, I have never experienced data theft or hacking related to E-Wallets. 
##                                                                                                     0.92 
##                                          My personal information on E-Wallets will be kept confidential. 
##                                                                                                     0.94 
##                                I trust that E-Wallets maintain the security of my financial information. 
##                                                                                                     0.95 
##                                I believe and am confident that transactions with E-Wallets are reliable. 
##                                                                                                     0.97 
##                                    I believe the services provided by E-Wallets can make my life easier. 
##                                                                                                     0.96 
##                    I'm confident that if there's an issue, the E-Wallet service provider will assist me. 
##                                                                                                     0.96 
##                          I believe that E-Wallet service providers comply with consumer protection laws. 
##                                                                                                     0.96 
##                                                            I would recommend E-Wallets to the community. 
##                                                                                                     0.95 
##                                                     E-Wallets are widely used by people in my community. 
##                                                                                                     0.93 
##                                                                  Almost all of my friends use E-Wallets. 
##                                                                                                     0.92 
##                                                                         My family members use E-Wallets. 
##                                                                                                     0.93 
##                                                My friends/social circle often recommend using E-Wallets. 
##                                                                                                     0.96 
##                                                      I intend to continue using E-Wallets in the future. 
##                                                                                                     0.96 
##                      Because it's safer and available everywhere, I will use E-Wallets in my daily life. 
##                                                                                                     0.95 
##                             Considering the advancements of the times, I will continue to use E-Wallets. 
##                                                                                                     0.95 
##                                              In my opinion, E-Wallets are part of everyday transactions. 
##                                                                                                     0.95

4.3 Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity

Uji Bartlett yang signifikan (p < 0,05) mengindikasikan matriks korelasi berbeda dari matriks identitas, sehingga analisis faktor layak dilakukan.

cortest.bartlett(cor(data_skala), n = nrow(data_skala))
## $chisq
## [1] 3696.656
## 
## $p.value
## [1] 0
## 
## $df
## [1] 435

5 Pemodelan PLS-SEM

5.1 Penamaan Ulang Variabel

data_pls <- data_skala

colnames(data_pls) <- c(
  # Perceived Ease of Use (4 indikator)
  "PEOU1", "PEOU2", "PEOU3", "PEOU4",

  # Perceived Usefulness (5 indikator)
  "PU1", "PU2", "PU3", "PU4", "PU5",

  # Lifestyle Compatibility (4 indikator)
  "LC1", "LC2", "LC3", "LC4",

  # Trust (8 indikator)
  "TRUST1", "TRUST2", "TRUST3", "TRUST4",
  "TRUST5", "TRUST6", "TRUST7", "TRUST8",

  # Social Influence (5 indikator)
  "SI1", "SI2", "SI3", "SI4", "SI5",

  # Continuance Intention (4 indikator)
  "CI1", "CI2", "CI3", "CI4"
)

# Verifikasi nama kolom
names(data_pls)
##  [1] "PEOU1"  "PEOU2"  "PEOU3"  "PEOU4"  "PU1"    "PU2"    "PU3"    "PU4"   
##  [9] "PU5"    "LC1"    "LC2"    "LC3"    "LC4"    "TRUST1" "TRUST2" "TRUST3"
## [17] "TRUST4" "TRUST5" "TRUST6" "TRUST7" "TRUST8" "SI1"    "SI2"    "SI3"   
## [25] "SI4"    "SI5"    "CI1"    "CI2"    "CI3"    "CI4"

5.2 Spesifikasi Model Pengukuran (Outer Model)

outer_model <- constructs(
  composite("PEOU",  multi_items("PEOU",  1:4)),
  composite("PU",    multi_items("PU",    1:5)),
  composite("LC",    multi_items("LC",    1:4)),
  composite("TRUST", multi_items("TRUST", 1:8)),
  composite("SI",    multi_items("SI",    1:5)),
  composite("CI",    multi_items("CI",    1:4))
)

5.3 Spesifikasi Model Struktural (Inner Model)

inner_model <- relationships(
  paths(from = "PEOU",                    to = "PU"),
  paths(from = c("PU", "LC", "TRUST", "SI"), to = "CI")
)

5.4 Estimasi Model

pls_model <- estimate_pls(
  data              = data_pls,
  measurement_model = outer_model,
  structural_model  = inner_model
)

5.5 Ringkasan Hasil Estimasi

summary(pls_model)
## 
## Results from  package seminr (2.5.0)
## 
## Path Coefficients:
##           PU    CI
## R^2    0.433 0.730
## AdjR^2 0.430 0.724
## PEOU   0.658     .
## PU         . 0.076
## LC         . 0.366
## TRUST      . 0.298
## SI         . 0.225
## 
## Reliability:
##       alpha  rhoA  rhoC   AVE
## PEOU  0.704 0.712 0.819 0.531
## PU    0.812 0.817 0.869 0.572
## LC    0.882 0.882 0.919 0.739
## TRUST 0.891 0.899 0.913 0.568
## SI    0.853 0.859 0.895 0.631
## CI    0.889 0.889 0.923 0.750
## 
## Alpha, rhoA, and rhoC should exceed 0.7 while AVE should exceed 0.5

6 Visualisasi Model

6.1 Plot Model Pengukuran

plot(outer_model)

Outer (Measurement) Model

6.2 Plot Model Struktural

plot(inner_model)

Inner (Structural) Model

6.3 Plot Model PLS Lengkap

plot(pls_model)

Full PLS-SEM Model


7 Bootstrapping & Uji Signifikansi

Bootstrapping digunakan untuk menguji signifikansi jalur (path coefficients) dalam PLS-SEM karena metode ini tidak mengasumsikan distribusi normal pada data. Sebanyak 1.000 resample dijalankan untuk menghasilkan estimasi t-statistics dan p-values bagi setiap hubungan antar konstruk.

boot_model <- bootstrap_model(pls_model, nboot = 1000, seed = 123)
summary(boot_model)
## 
## Results from Bootstrap resamples:  1000
## 
## Bootstrapped Structural Paths:
##               Original Est. Bootstrap Mean Bootstrap SD T Stat. 2.5% CI
## PEOU  ->  PU          0.658          0.662        0.046  14.186   0.564
## PU  ->  CI            0.076          0.073        0.071   1.073  -0.065
## LC  ->  CI            0.366          0.358        0.082   4.453   0.193
## TRUST  ->  CI         0.298          0.302        0.090   3.301   0.126
## SI  ->  CI            0.225          0.231        0.079   2.856   0.092
##               97.5% CI Bootstrap P Val
## PEOU  ->  PU     0.747           0.000
## PU  ->  CI       0.213           0.282
## LC  ->  CI       0.513           0.000
## TRUST  ->  CI    0.484           0.000
## SI  ->  CI       0.386           0.000
## 
## Bootstrapped Weights:
##                   Original Est. Bootstrap Mean Bootstrap SD T Stat. 2.5% CI
## PEOU1  ->  PEOU           0.321          0.321        0.039   8.322   0.242
## PEOU2  ->  PEOU           0.309          0.306        0.030  10.396   0.248
## PEOU3  ->  PEOU           0.392          0.392        0.035  11.264   0.332
## PEOU4  ->  PEOU           0.348          0.351        0.042   8.361   0.279
## PU1  ->  PU               0.272          0.272        0.016  17.511   0.243
## PU2  ->  PU               0.222          0.221        0.020  11.191   0.180
## PU3  ->  PU               0.291          0.290        0.017  16.819   0.258
## PU4  ->  PU               0.266          0.267        0.019  14.096   0.231
## PU5  ->  PU               0.269          0.269        0.023  11.613   0.225
## LC1  ->  LC               0.285          0.284        0.012  23.666   0.261
## LC2  ->  LC               0.291          0.291        0.012  24.273   0.269
## LC3  ->  LC               0.290          0.290        0.011  25.476   0.268
## LC4  ->  LC               0.299          0.300        0.013  23.522   0.275
## TRUST1  ->  TRUST         0.170          0.170        0.012  14.039   0.147
## TRUST2  ->  TRUST         0.104          0.104        0.016   6.463   0.068
## TRUST3  ->  TRUST         0.155          0.155        0.011  14.436   0.134
## TRUST4  ->  TRUST         0.176          0.175        0.010  17.170   0.156
## TRUST5  ->  TRUST         0.173          0.173        0.012  14.385   0.151
## TRUST6  ->  TRUST         0.186          0.187        0.013  14.593   0.165
## TRUST7  ->  TRUST         0.193          0.194        0.014  14.088   0.170
## TRUST8  ->  TRUST         0.158          0.158        0.011  14.694   0.138
## SI1  ->  SI               0.281          0.283        0.023  12.050   0.242
## SI2  ->  SI               0.255          0.254        0.018  13.896   0.220
## SI3  ->  SI               0.222          0.220        0.018  12.023   0.181
## SI4  ->  SI               0.230          0.230        0.019  11.851   0.189
## SI5  ->  SI               0.267          0.267        0.018  15.184   0.233
## CI1  ->  CI               0.277          0.277        0.009  31.416   0.259
## CI2  ->  CI               0.290          0.289        0.010  29.225   0.271
## CI3  ->  CI               0.300          0.300        0.009  34.188   0.284
## CI4  ->  CI               0.289          0.289        0.011  27.424   0.269
##                   97.5% CI Bootstrap P Val
## PEOU1  ->  PEOU      0.393           0.000
## PEOU2  ->  PEOU      0.364           0.000
## PEOU3  ->  PEOU      0.471           0.000
## PEOU4  ->  PEOU      0.438           0.000
## PU1  ->  PU          0.304           0.000
## PU2  ->  PU          0.260           0.000
## PU3  ->  PU          0.324           0.000
## PU4  ->  PU          0.304           0.000
## PU5  ->  PU          0.317           0.000
## LC1  ->  LC          0.309           0.000
## LC2  ->  LC          0.316           0.000
## LC3  ->  LC          0.312           0.000
## LC4  ->  LC          0.325           0.000
## TRUST1  ->  TRUST    0.195           0.000
## TRUST2  ->  TRUST    0.133           0.000
## TRUST3  ->  TRUST    0.176           0.000
## TRUST4  ->  TRUST    0.196           0.000
## TRUST5  ->  TRUST    0.199           0.000
## TRUST6  ->  TRUST    0.214           0.000
## TRUST7  ->  TRUST    0.225           0.000
## TRUST8  ->  TRUST    0.180           0.000
## SI1  ->  SI          0.333           0.000
## SI2  ->  SI          0.291           0.000
## SI3  ->  SI          0.252           0.000
## SI4  ->  SI          0.267           0.000
## SI5  ->  SI          0.302           0.000
## CI1  ->  CI          0.294           0.000
## CI2  ->  CI          0.309           0.000
## CI3  ->  CI          0.318           0.000
## CI4  ->  CI          0.310           0.000
## 
## Bootstrapped Loadings:
##                   Original Est. Bootstrap Mean Bootstrap SD T Stat. 2.5% CI
## PEOU1  ->  PEOU           0.695          0.690        0.071   9.803   0.532
## PEOU2  ->  PEOU           0.720          0.713        0.055  13.097   0.595
## PEOU3  ->  PEOU           0.815          0.812        0.034  24.000   0.734
## PEOU4  ->  PEOU           0.678          0.679        0.054  12.538   0.557
## PU1  ->  PU               0.801          0.801        0.034  23.905   0.731
## PU2  ->  PU               0.694          0.691        0.044  15.910   0.600
## PU3  ->  PU               0.804          0.803        0.030  26.491   0.735
## PU4  ->  PU               0.770          0.773        0.034  22.613   0.699
## PU5  ->  PU               0.704          0.704        0.041  17.193   0.618
## LC1  ->  LC               0.867          0.866        0.019  45.090   0.825
## LC2  ->  LC               0.860          0.859        0.019  45.298   0.816
## LC3  ->  LC               0.873          0.872        0.018  48.758   0.833
## LC4  ->  LC               0.838          0.837        0.024  34.733   0.789
## TRUST1  ->  TRUST         0.748          0.746        0.039  19.309   0.665
## TRUST2  ->  TRUST         0.608          0.605        0.060  10.083   0.475
## TRUST3  ->  TRUST         0.759          0.759        0.037  20.732   0.682
## TRUST4  ->  TRUST         0.800          0.798        0.029  27.338   0.736
## TRUST5  ->  TRUST         0.769          0.767        0.037  21.039   0.685
## TRUST6  ->  TRUST         0.778          0.779        0.032  24.501   0.711
## TRUST7  ->  TRUST         0.793          0.794        0.026  30.915   0.741
## TRUST8  ->  TRUST         0.758          0.756        0.035  21.900   0.684
## SI1  ->  SI               0.816          0.818        0.026  31.444   0.767
## SI2  ->  SI               0.820          0.818        0.034  23.931   0.746
## SI3  ->  SI               0.717          0.712        0.048  15.019   0.610
## SI4  ->  SI               0.775          0.774        0.038  20.219   0.691
## SI5  ->  SI               0.837          0.838        0.024  35.026   0.787
## CI1  ->  CI               0.874          0.874        0.021  41.171   0.828
## CI2  ->  CI               0.845          0.844        0.021  39.634   0.797
## CI3  ->  CI               0.879          0.879        0.018  49.294   0.841
## CI4  ->  CI               0.864          0.865        0.020  43.905   0.821
##                   97.5% CI Bootstrap P Val
## PEOU1  ->  PEOU      0.803           0.000
## PEOU2  ->  PEOU      0.804           0.000
## PEOU3  ->  PEOU      0.866           0.000
## PEOU4  ->  PEOU      0.770           0.000
## PU1  ->  PU          0.861           0.000
## PU2  ->  PU          0.766           0.000
## PU3  ->  PU          0.854           0.000
## PU4  ->  PU          0.835           0.000
## PU5  ->  PU          0.779           0.000
## LC1  ->  LC          0.899           0.000
## LC2  ->  LC          0.891           0.000
## LC3  ->  LC          0.903           0.000
## LC4  ->  LC          0.881           0.000
## TRUST1  ->  TRUST    0.814           0.000
## TRUST2  ->  TRUST    0.711           0.000
## TRUST3  ->  TRUST    0.821           0.000
## TRUST4  ->  TRUST    0.851           0.000
## TRUST5  ->  TRUST    0.829           0.000
## TRUST6  ->  TRUST    0.837           0.000
## TRUST7  ->  TRUST    0.842           0.000
## TRUST8  ->  TRUST    0.816           0.000
## SI1  ->  SI          0.866           0.000
## SI2  ->  SI          0.876           0.000
## SI3  ->  SI          0.798           0.000
## SI4  ->  SI          0.843           0.000
## SI5  ->  SI          0.880           0.000
## CI1  ->  CI          0.910           0.000
## CI2  ->  CI          0.880           0.000
## CI3  ->  CI          0.912           0.000
## CI4  ->  CI          0.899           0.000
## 
## Bootstrapped HTMT:
##                 Original Est. Bootstrap Mean Bootstrap SD 2.5% CI 97.5% CI
## PEOU  ->  PU            0.863          0.866        0.056   0.753    0.969
## PEOU  ->  LC            0.656          0.661        0.068   0.515    0.791
## PEOU  ->  TRUST         0.774          0.772        0.055   0.651    0.865
## PEOU  ->  SI            0.453          0.465        0.090   0.290    0.636
## PEOU  ->  CI            0.643          0.646        0.067   0.513    0.774
## PU  ->  LC              0.797          0.796        0.047   0.704    0.887
## PU  ->  TRUST           0.858          0.857        0.045   0.765    0.941
## PU  ->  SI              0.652          0.653        0.070   0.513    0.783
## PU  ->  CI              0.781          0.780        0.054   0.678    0.886
## LC  ->  TRUST           0.815          0.818        0.039   0.737    0.890
## LC  ->  SI              0.760          0.758        0.067   0.614    0.875
## LC  ->  CI              0.886          0.886        0.030   0.826    0.939
## TRUST  ->  SI           0.774          0.776        0.045   0.686    0.858
## TRUST  ->  CI           0.859          0.859        0.038   0.779    0.927
## SI  ->  CI              0.815          0.815        0.058   0.693    0.914
##                 Bootstrap P Val
## PEOU  ->  PU              0.016
## PEOU  ->  LC              0.000
## PEOU  ->  TRUST           0.000
## PEOU  ->  SI              0.000
## PEOU  ->  CI              0.000
## PU  ->  LC                0.000
## PU  ->  TRUST             0.000
## PU  ->  SI                0.000
## PU  ->  CI                0.000
## LC  ->  TRUST             0.000
## LC  ->  SI                0.000
## LC  ->  CI                0.000
## TRUST  ->  SI             0.000
## TRUST  ->  CI             0.000
## SI  ->  CI                0.000
## 
## Bootstrapped Total Paths:
##               Original Est. Bootstrap Mean Bootstrap SD 2.5% CI 97.5% CI
## PEOU  ->  PU          0.658          0.662        0.046   0.564    0.747
## PEOU  ->  CI          0.050          0.048        0.047  -0.043    0.141
## PU  ->  CI            0.076          0.073        0.071  -0.065    0.213
## LC  ->  CI            0.366          0.358        0.082   0.193    0.513
## TRUST  ->  CI         0.298          0.302        0.090   0.126    0.484
## SI  ->  CI            0.225          0.231        0.079   0.092    0.386

7.1 Plot Hasil Bootstrapping

plot(boot_model)

Bootstrap Model (Signifikansi Jalur)

7.2 Insight

Dari hasil bootstrapping didapat gambaran inferensial dari model PLS-SEM yang telah diestimasi. Jalur yang memiliki nilai t-statistic > 1,96 (atau p < 0,05) dinyatakan signifikan secara statistik, artinya konstruk prediktor terbukti memiliki pengaruh nyata terhadap konstruk kriterion. Interval kepercayaan 95% yang tidak mencakup angka nol memperkuat kesimpulan tersebut. Sebaliknya, jalur dengan t < 1,96 mengindikasikan pengaruh yang tidak signifikan dan perlu dievaluasi ulang dalam konteks teori yang digunakan.


8 Informasi Sesi R

sessionInfo()
## R version 4.5.1 (2025-06-13 ucrt)
## Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64
## Running under: Windows 11 x64 (build 26200)
## 
## Matrix products: default
##   LAPACK version 3.12.1
## 
## locale:
## [1] LC_COLLATE=English_Indonesia.utf8  LC_CTYPE=English_Indonesia.utf8   
## [3] LC_MONETARY=English_Indonesia.utf8 LC_NUMERIC=C                      
## [5] LC_TIME=English_Indonesia.utf8    
## 
## time zone: Asia/Jakarta
## tzcode source: internal
## 
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
## 
## other attached packages:
## [1] semPlot_1.1.8 lavaan_0.6-21 psych_2.6.5   readxl_1.5.0  seminr_2.5.0 
## 
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
##  [1] tidyselect_1.2.1      dplyr_1.2.1           farver_2.1.2         
##  [4] fastmap_1.2.0         OpenMx_2.22.11        XML_3.99-0.23        
##  [7] digest_0.6.37         rpart_4.1.24          mi_1.2               
## [10] lifecycle_1.0.5       cluster_2.1.8.2       magrittr_2.0.3       
## [13] compiler_4.5.1        rlang_1.1.7           Hmisc_5.2-5          
## [16] sass_0.4.10           tools_4.5.1           utf8_1.2.6           
## [19] igraph_2.3.1          yaml_2.3.10           data.table_1.17.8    
## [22] knitr_1.50            htmlwidgets_1.6.4     mnormt_2.1.2         
## [25] plyr_1.8.9            RColorBrewer_1.1-3    abind_1.4-8          
## [28] foreign_0.8-90        nnet_7.3-20           grid_4.5.1           
## [31] stats4_4.5.1          colorspace_2.1-2      xtable_1.8-8         
## [34] ggplot2_3.5.2         gtools_3.9.5          scales_1.4.0         
## [37] MASS_7.3-65           cli_3.6.5             DiagrammeR_1.0.12    
## [40] rmarkdown_2.29        reformulas_0.4.4      generics_0.1.4       
## [43] RcppParallel_5.1.11-2 rstudioapi_0.18.0     reshape2_1.4.4       
## [46] visNetwork_2.1.4      pbapply_1.7-4         minqa_1.2.8          
## [49] cachem_1.1.0          stringr_1.5.1         splines_4.5.1        
## [52] parallel_4.5.1        cellranger_1.1.0      base64enc_0.1-3      
## [55] vctrs_0.7.1           boot_1.3-31           Matrix_1.7-3         
## [58] jsonlite_2.0.0        carData_3.0-5         glasso_1.11          
## [61] htmlTable_2.5.0       Formula_1.2-5         jpeg_0.1-11          
## [64] jquerylib_0.1.4       qgraph_1.9.8          glue_1.8.0           
## [67] nloptr_2.2.1          stringi_1.8.7         sem_3.1-16           
## [70] gtable_0.3.6          quadprog_1.5-8        lme4_1.1-37          
## [73] tibble_3.3.0          lisrelToR_0.3         pillar_1.11.0        
## [76] htmltools_0.5.8.1     R6_2.6.1              Rdpack_2.6.4         
## [79] evaluate_1.0.4        pbivnorm_0.6.0        lattice_0.22-7       
## [82] backports_1.5.0       rbibutils_2.3         png_0.1-9            
## [85] rockchalk_1.8.164     kutils_1.73           openxlsx_4.2.8.1     
## [88] arm_1.15-3            corpcor_1.6.10        bslib_0.9.0          
## [91] fdrtool_1.2.18        Rcpp_1.1.0            zip_2.3.3            
## [94] checkmate_2.3.4       coda_0.19-4.1         gridExtra_2.3        
## [97] nlme_3.1-168          xfun_0.52             pkgconfig_2.0.3