library(rwf)This vignette demonstrates mean comparison functions from the
rwf package — report_ttests and
report_wtests. Both functions run pairwise comparisons
across all combinations of independent variable levels and return a
structured table with test statistics, effect sizes, confidence
intervals, and Bonferroni-adjusted significance flags.
report_ttests when data meet the normality
assumption (parametric).report_wtests when data are ordinal or normality
cannot be assumed (non-parametric).Installation instructions for rwf can be found on the rwf GitHub repository
The df_insurance dataset is used throughout this
vignette. It contains insurance data for 1338 individuals with the
following variables:
Format: A data frame with 1338 rows and 7 variables:
Source: researchpy repo
head(df_insurance)## age sex bmi children smoker region charges ## 1 19 female 27.900 0 yes southwest 16884.924 ## 2 18 male 33.770 1 no southeast 1725.552 ## 3 28 male 33.000 3 no southeast 4449.462 ## 4 33 male 22.705 0 no northwest 21984.471 ## 5 32 male 28.880 0 no northwest 3866.855 ## 6 31 female 25.740 0 no southeast 3756.622
cdf(df_insurance)## $summary ## COLLUMNS ROWS TOTAL EMPTY null NAN na INF FIN FACTOR ## 1 7 1338 9366 0 0 0 0 0 5352 0 ## ## $check ## NAMES EMPTY null na NOT_NA NAN INF FIN RANGE MEAN MEDIAN SD MIN MAX MODE TYPE CLASS FACTOR ## 1 age 0 0 0 1338 0 0 1338 47 39.21 39 14.05 18 64 numeric integer integer FALSE ## 2 sex 0 0 0 1338 0 0 0 2 NA NA NA female male character character character FALSE ## 3 bmi 0 0 0 1338 0 0 1338 548 30.66 30.4 6.1 15.96 53.13 numeric double numeric FALSE ## 4 children 0 0 0 1338 0 0 1338 6 1.09 1 1.21 0 5 numeric integer integer FALSE ## 5 smoker 0 0 0 1338 0 0 0 2 NA NA NA no yes character character character FALSE ## 6 region 0 0 0 1338 0 0 0 4 NA NA NA northeast southwest character character character FALSE ## 7 charges 0 0 0 1338 0 0 1338 1337 13270.42 9382.03 12110.01 1121.8739 63770.42801 numeric double numeric FALSE
report_ttests runs independent-samples t-tests for all
pairwise combinations of levels of the specified independent variable(s)
against a dependent variable. When multiple IVs are provided, it tests
all level combinations across variables.
The calls below demonstrate the key options:
iv = 2, sex): one pairwise
comparison (male vs. female).iv = 4, children): pairwise
comparisons across all child-count groups.iv = c(2,4)): all
combinations of sex and children levels tested simultaneously.alternative: controls the direction of
the hypothesis — "two.sided" (default),
"less", or "greater".var.equal = TRUE: uses Student’s
t-test assuming equal variances; default (FALSE) uses
Welch’s t-test which does not assume equal variances and is generally
safer.report_ttests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(2))## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 t df p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 sex charges female male 662 676 -2.100888 1313.36 0.03584101 -2682.489 -91.85535 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12569.58 13956.75 11128.7 12971.03 12085.02 0.1147844 0.02789264 15.58524 1 7.886777e-05 0.05 TRUE
report_ttests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(4))## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 t df p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 children charges 0 1 574 324 -0.4417876 679.59012 6.587834e-01 -1988.2577 1257.8653 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 12731.172 12023.294 11823.631 11923.881 0.03062730 0.007013844 0.1153396 1 7.341451e-01 0.003333333 FALSE ## 2 children charges 0 3 574 157 -2.7060695 243.20548 7.290553e-03 -5165.3054 -813.3802 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 15355.318 12023.294 12330.869 12178.053 0.24546968 0.039751919 0.1576254 1 6.913523e-01 0.003333333 FALSE ## 3 children charges 0 2 574 240 -2.7863080 421.22473 5.572108e-03 -4617.6666 -797.5096 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 15073.564 12023.294 12891.368 12464.890 0.21721717 0.043210079 1.6672644 1 1.966253e-01 0.003333333 FALSE ## 4 children charges 0 5 574 18 3.4810329 29.20259 1.591976e-03 1477.2327 5682.6480 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 8786.035 12023.294 3808.436 8918.065 0.40142567 0.011695982 23.1372171 1 1.508426e-06 0.003333333 TRUE ## 5 children charges 0 4 574 25 -0.7832723 27.74801 4.401018e-01 -5368.9942 2399.6328 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 13850.656 12023.294 9139.223 10679.068 0.13902718 0.005529551 2.9046073 1 8.832676e-02 0.003333333 FALSE ## 6 children charges 1 3 324 157 -2.2178485 297.45198 2.732051e-02 -4952.6397 -295.6534 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 15355.318 11823.631 12330.869 12079.913 0.21723224 0.045584407 0.3738531 1 5.409115e-01 0.003333333 FALSE ## 7 children charges 1 2 324 240 -2.2094856 489.12306 2.760343e-02 -4425.4071 -259.3767 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 15073.564 11823.631 12891.368 12369.027 0.18937561 0.044245434 2.0650067 1 1.507143e-01 0.003333333 FALSE ## 8 children charges 1 5 324 18 3.5467523 39.48455 1.022814e-03 1696.1320 6194.1411 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 8786.035 11823.631 3808.436 8783.577 0.44914921 0.021904691 22.4877050 1 2.114930e-06 0.003333333 TRUE ## 9 children charges 1 4 324 25 -0.5763734 30.56138 5.685839e-01 -5083.1176 2844.1486 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 13850.656 11823.631 9139.223 10567.016 0.10594140 0.006996017 2.5281700 1 1.118298e-01 0.003333333 FALSE ## 10 children charges 3 2 157 240 -0.2186234 344.03032 8.270731e-01 -2816.6095 2253.1002 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 15073.564 12330.869 12891.368 12614.232 0.02233625 0.005311622 0.3696063 1 5.432189e-01 0.003333333 FALSE ## 11 children charges 3 5 157 18 4.9318423 71.21179 5.147633e-06 3913.4595 9225.1068 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 8786.035 12330.869 3808.436 9125.638 0.71987114 0.062290140 23.3775961 1 1.331200e-06 0.003333333 TRUE ## 12 children charges 3 4 157 25 0.7248131 39.42099 4.728472e-01 -2692.8715 5702.1956 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 13850.656 12330.869 9139.223 10853.012 0.13864004 0.016162515 3.1776718 1 7.465103e-02 0.003333333 FALSE ## 13 children charges 2 5 240 18 5.1367681 55.83856 3.683650e-06 3835.3569 8739.7001 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15073.564 8786.035 12891.368 3808.436 9505.040 0.66149419 0.041163739 24.9593898 1 5.855067e-07 0.003333333 TRUE ## 14 children charges 2 4 240 25 0.6089120 34.82901 5.465342e-01 -2854.9724 5300.7872 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15073.564 13850.656 12891.368 9139.223 11173.916 0.10944305 0.009264150 4.2347393 1 3.960470e-02 0.003333333 FALSE ## 15 children charges 5 4 18 25 2.4870826 34.16692 1.792165e-02 926.9633 9202.2788 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 8786.035 13850.656 3808.436 9139.223 7001.056 0.72340811 0.149702742 12.2513375 1 4.649248e-04 0.003333333 FALSE
report_ttests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(2,4))## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 t df p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 sex charges female male 662 676 -2.1008878 1313.36032 3.584101e-02 -2682.4893 -91.85535 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12569.579 13956.751 11128.704 12971.026 12085.023 0.11478442 0.027892640 15.5852419 1 7.886777e-05 0.003125 FALSE ## 2 children charges 0 1 574 324 -0.4417876 679.59012 6.587834e-01 -1988.2577 1257.86528 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 12731.172 12023.294 11823.631 11923.881 0.03062730 0.007013844 0.1153396 1 7.341451e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 3 children charges 0 3 574 157 -2.7060695 243.20548 7.290553e-03 -5165.3054 -813.38016 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 15355.318 12023.294 12330.869 12178.053 0.24546968 0.039751919 0.1576254 1 6.913523e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 4 children charges 0 2 574 240 -2.7863080 421.22473 5.572108e-03 -4617.6666 -797.50962 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 15073.564 12023.294 12891.368 12464.890 0.21721717 0.043210079 1.6672644 1 1.966253e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 5 children charges 0 5 574 18 3.4810329 29.20259 1.591976e-03 1477.2327 5682.64801 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 8786.035 12023.294 3808.436 8918.065 0.40142567 0.011695982 23.1372171 1 1.508426e-06 0.003125 TRUE ## 6 children charges 0 4 574 25 -0.7832723 27.74801 4.401018e-01 -5368.9942 2399.63277 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 13850.656 12023.294 9139.223 10679.068 0.13902718 0.005529551 2.9046073 1 8.832676e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 7 children charges 1 3 324 157 -2.2178485 297.45198 2.732051e-02 -4952.6397 -295.65339 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 15355.318 11823.631 12330.869 12079.913 0.21723224 0.045584407 0.3738531 1 5.409115e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 8 children charges 1 2 324 240 -2.2094856 489.12306 2.760343e-02 -4425.4071 -259.37668 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 15073.564 11823.631 12891.368 12369.027 0.18937561 0.044245434 2.0650067 1 1.507143e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 9 children charges 1 5 324 18 3.5467523 39.48455 1.022814e-03 1696.1320 6194.14113 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 8786.035 11823.631 3808.436 8783.577 0.44914921 0.021904691 22.4877050 1 2.114930e-06 0.003125 TRUE ## 10 children charges 1 4 324 25 -0.5763734 30.56138 5.685839e-01 -5083.1176 2844.14864 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 13850.656 11823.631 9139.223 10567.016 0.10594140 0.006996017 2.5281700 1 1.118298e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 11 children charges 3 2 157 240 -0.2186234 344.03032 8.270731e-01 -2816.6095 2253.10023 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 15073.564 12330.869 12891.368 12614.232 0.02233625 0.005311622 0.3696063 1 5.432189e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 12 children charges 3 5 157 18 4.9318423 71.21179 5.147633e-06 3913.4595 9225.10677 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 8786.035 12330.869 3808.436 9125.638 0.71987114 0.062290140 23.3775961 1 1.331200e-06 0.003125 TRUE ## 13 children charges 3 4 157 25 0.7248131 39.42099 4.728472e-01 -2692.8715 5702.19564 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 13850.656 12330.869 9139.223 10853.012 0.13864004 0.016162515 3.1776718 1 7.465103e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 14 children charges 2 5 240 18 5.1367681 55.83856 3.683650e-06 3835.3569 8739.70006 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15073.564 8786.035 12891.368 3808.436 9505.040 0.66149419 0.041163739 24.9593898 1 5.855067e-07 0.003125 TRUE ## 15 children charges 2 4 240 25 0.6089120 34.82901 5.465342e-01 -2854.9724 5300.78722 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15073.564 13850.656 12891.368 9139.223 11173.916 0.10944305 0.009264150 4.2347393 1 3.960470e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 16 children charges 5 4 18 25 2.4870826 34.16692 1.792165e-02 926.9633 9202.27882 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 8786.035 13850.656 3808.436 9139.223 7001.056 0.72340811 0.149702742 12.2513375 1 4.649248e-04 0.003125 FALSE
report_ttests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(2,4),alternative="two.sided")## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 t df p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 sex charges female male 662 676 -2.1008878 1313.36032 3.584101e-02 -2682.4893 -91.85535 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12569.579 13956.751 11128.704 12971.026 12085.023 0.11478442 0.027892640 15.5852419 1 7.886777e-05 0.003125 FALSE ## 2 children charges 0 1 574 324 -0.4417876 679.59012 6.587834e-01 -1988.2577 1257.86528 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 12731.172 12023.294 11823.631 11923.881 0.03062730 0.007013844 0.1153396 1 7.341451e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 3 children charges 0 3 574 157 -2.7060695 243.20548 7.290553e-03 -5165.3054 -813.38016 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 15355.318 12023.294 12330.869 12178.053 0.24546968 0.039751919 0.1576254 1 6.913523e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 4 children charges 0 2 574 240 -2.7863080 421.22473 5.572108e-03 -4617.6666 -797.50962 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 15073.564 12023.294 12891.368 12464.890 0.21721717 0.043210079 1.6672644 1 1.966253e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 5 children charges 0 5 574 18 3.4810329 29.20259 1.591976e-03 1477.2327 5682.64801 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 8786.035 12023.294 3808.436 8918.065 0.40142567 0.011695982 23.1372171 1 1.508426e-06 0.003125 TRUE ## 6 children charges 0 4 574 25 -0.7832723 27.74801 4.401018e-01 -5368.9942 2399.63277 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 13850.656 12023.294 9139.223 10679.068 0.13902718 0.005529551 2.9046073 1 8.832676e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 7 children charges 1 3 324 157 -2.2178485 297.45198 2.732051e-02 -4952.6397 -295.65339 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 15355.318 11823.631 12330.869 12079.913 0.21723224 0.045584407 0.3738531 1 5.409115e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 8 children charges 1 2 324 240 -2.2094856 489.12306 2.760343e-02 -4425.4071 -259.37668 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 15073.564 11823.631 12891.368 12369.027 0.18937561 0.044245434 2.0650067 1 1.507143e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 9 children charges 1 5 324 18 3.5467523 39.48455 1.022814e-03 1696.1320 6194.14113 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 8786.035 11823.631 3808.436 8783.577 0.44914921 0.021904691 22.4877050 1 2.114930e-06 0.003125 TRUE ## 10 children charges 1 4 324 25 -0.5763734 30.56138 5.685839e-01 -5083.1176 2844.14864 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 13850.656 11823.631 9139.223 10567.016 0.10594140 0.006996017 2.5281700 1 1.118298e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 11 children charges 3 2 157 240 -0.2186234 344.03032 8.270731e-01 -2816.6095 2253.10023 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 15073.564 12330.869 12891.368 12614.232 0.02233625 0.005311622 0.3696063 1 5.432189e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 12 children charges 3 5 157 18 4.9318423 71.21179 5.147633e-06 3913.4595 9225.10677 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 8786.035 12330.869 3808.436 9125.638 0.71987114 0.062290140 23.3775961 1 1.331200e-06 0.003125 TRUE ## 13 children charges 3 4 157 25 0.7248131 39.42099 4.728472e-01 -2692.8715 5702.19564 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 13850.656 12330.869 9139.223 10853.012 0.13864004 0.016162515 3.1776718 1 7.465103e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 14 children charges 2 5 240 18 5.1367681 55.83856 3.683650e-06 3835.3569 8739.70006 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15073.564 8786.035 12891.368 3808.436 9505.040 0.66149419 0.041163739 24.9593898 1 5.855067e-07 0.003125 TRUE ## 15 children charges 2 4 240 25 0.6089120 34.82901 5.465342e-01 -2854.9724 5300.78722 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 15073.564 13850.656 12891.368 9139.223 11173.916 0.10944305 0.009264150 4.2347393 1 3.960470e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 16 children charges 5 4 18 25 2.4870826 34.16692 1.792165e-02 926.9633 9202.27882 two.sided Welch Two Sample t-test 8786.035 13850.656 3808.436 9139.223 7001.056 0.72340811 0.149702742 12.2513375 1 4.649248e-04 0.003125 FALSE
report_ttests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(2,4),alternative="less")## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 t df p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 sex charges female male 662 676 -2.1008878 1313.36032 0.017920507 -Inf -300.3432 less Welch Two Sample t-test 12569.579 13956.751 11128.704 12971.026 12085.023 0.11478442 0.027892640 15.5852419 1 7.886777e-05 0.003125 FALSE ## 2 children charges 0 1 574 324 -0.4417876 679.59012 0.329391716 -Inf 996.3501 less Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 12731.172 12023.294 11823.631 11923.881 0.03062730 0.007013844 0.1153396 1 7.341451e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 3 children charges 0 3 574 157 -2.7060695 243.20548 0.003645277 -Inf -1165.3568 less Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 15355.318 12023.294 12330.869 12178.053 0.24546968 0.039751919 0.1576254 1 6.913523e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 4 children charges 0 2 574 240 -2.7863080 421.22473 0.002786054 -Inf -1105.6825 less Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 15073.564 12023.294 12891.368 12464.890 0.21721717 0.043210079 1.6672644 1 1.966253e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 5 children charges 0 5 574 18 3.4810329 29.20259 0.999204012 -Inf 5326.9454 less Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 8786.035 12023.294 3808.436 8918.065 0.40142567 0.011695982 23.1372171 1 1.508426e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 6 children charges 0 4 574 25 -0.7832723 27.74801 0.220050904 -Inf 1740.7887 less Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 13850.656 12023.294 9139.223 10679.068 0.13902718 0.005529551 2.9046073 1 8.832676e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 7 children charges 1 3 324 157 -2.2178485 297.45198 0.013660253 -Inf -671.8843 less Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 15355.318 11823.631 12330.869 12079.913 0.21723224 0.045584407 0.3738531 1 5.409115e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 8 children charges 1 2 324 240 -2.2094856 489.12306 0.013801715 -Inf -595.2871 less Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 15073.564 11823.631 12891.368 12369.027 0.18937561 0.044245434 2.0650067 1 1.507143e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 9 children charges 1 5 324 18 3.5467523 39.48455 0.999488593 -Inf 5818.7037 less Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 8786.035 11823.631 3808.436 8783.577 0.44914921 0.021904691 22.4877050 1 2.114930e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 10 children charges 1 4 324 25 -0.5763734 30.56138 0.284291937 -Inf 2175.1615 less Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 13850.656 11823.631 9139.223 10567.016 0.10594140 0.006996017 2.5281700 1 1.118298e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 11 children charges 3 2 157 240 -0.2186234 344.03032 0.413536539 -Inf 1843.8025 less Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 15073.564 12330.869 12891.368 12614.232 0.02233625 0.005311622 0.3696063 1 5.432189e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 12 children charges 3 5 157 18 4.9318423 71.21179 0.999997426 -Inf 8789.1300 less Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 8786.035 12330.869 3808.436 9125.638 0.71987114 0.062290140 23.3775961 1 1.331200e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 13 children charges 3 4 157 25 0.7248131 39.42099 0.763576406 -Inf 5001.4381 less Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 13850.656 12330.869 9139.223 10853.012 0.13864004 0.016162515 3.1776718 1 7.465103e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 14 children charges 2 5 240 18 5.1367681 55.83856 0.999998158 -Inf 8334.8358 less Welch Two Sample t-test 15073.564 8786.035 12891.368 3808.436 9505.040 0.66149419 0.041163739 24.9593898 1 5.855067e-07 0.003125 FALSE ## 15 children charges 2 4 240 25 0.6089120 34.82901 0.726732888 -Inf 4616.6105 less Welch Two Sample t-test 15073.564 13850.656 12891.368 9139.223 11173.916 0.10944305 0.009264150 4.2347393 1 3.960470e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 16 children charges 5 4 18 25 2.4870826 34.16692 0.991039174 -Inf 8507.4980 less Welch Two Sample t-test 8786.035 13850.656 3808.436 9139.223 7001.056 0.72340811 0.149702742 12.2513375 1 4.649248e-04 0.003125 FALSE
report_ttests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(2,4),alternative="greater")## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 t df p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 sex charges female male 662 676 -2.1008878 1313.36032 9.820795e-01 -2474.001 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 12569.579 13956.751 11128.704 12971.026 12085.023 0.11478442 0.027892640 15.5852419 1 7.886777e-05 0.003125 FALSE ## 2 children charges 0 1 574 324 -0.4417876 679.59012 6.706083e-01 -1726.743 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 12731.172 12023.294 11823.631 11923.881 0.03062730 0.007013844 0.1153396 1 7.341451e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 3 children charges 0 3 574 157 -2.7060695 243.20548 9.963547e-01 -4813.329 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 15355.318 12023.294 12330.869 12178.053 0.24546968 0.039751919 0.1576254 1 6.913523e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 4 children charges 0 2 574 240 -2.7863080 421.22473 9.972139e-01 -4309.494 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 15073.564 12023.294 12891.368 12464.890 0.21721717 0.043210079 1.6672644 1 1.966253e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 5 children charges 0 5 574 18 3.4810329 29.20259 7.959879e-04 1832.935 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 8786.035 12023.294 3808.436 8918.065 0.40142567 0.011695982 23.1372171 1 1.508426e-06 0.003125 TRUE ## 6 children charges 0 4 574 25 -0.7832723 27.74801 7.799491e-01 -4710.150 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 12365.976 13850.656 12023.294 9139.223 10679.068 0.13902718 0.005529551 2.9046073 1 8.832676e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 7 children charges 1 3 324 157 -2.2178485 297.45198 9.863397e-01 -4576.409 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 15355.318 11823.631 12330.869 12079.913 0.21723224 0.045584407 0.3738531 1 5.409115e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 8 children charges 1 2 324 240 -2.2094856 489.12306 9.861983e-01 -4089.497 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 15073.564 11823.631 12891.368 12369.027 0.18937561 0.044245434 2.0650067 1 1.507143e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 9 children charges 1 5 324 18 3.5467523 39.48455 5.114071e-04 2071.569 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 8786.035 11823.631 3808.436 8783.577 0.44914921 0.021904691 22.4877050 1 2.114930e-06 0.003125 TRUE ## 10 children charges 1 4 324 25 -0.5763734 30.56138 7.157081e-01 -4414.130 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 12731.172 13850.656 11823.631 9139.223 10567.016 0.10594140 0.006996017 2.5281700 1 1.118298e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 11 children charges 3 2 157 240 -0.2186234 344.03032 5.864635e-01 -2407.312 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 15073.564 12330.869 12891.368 12614.232 0.02233625 0.005311622 0.3696063 1 5.432189e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 12 children charges 3 5 157 18 4.9318423 71.21179 2.573816e-06 4349.436 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 8786.035 12330.869 3808.436 9125.638 0.71987114 0.062290140 23.3775961 1 1.331200e-06 0.003125 TRUE ## 13 children charges 3 4 157 25 0.7248131 39.42099 2.364236e-01 -1992.114 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 15355.318 13850.656 12330.869 9139.223 10853.012 0.13864004 0.016162515 3.1776718 1 7.465103e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 14 children charges 2 5 240 18 5.1367681 55.83856 1.841825e-06 4240.221 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 15073.564 8786.035 12891.368 3808.436 9505.040 0.66149419 0.041163739 24.9593898 1 5.855067e-07 0.003125 TRUE ## 15 children charges 2 4 240 25 0.6089120 34.82901 2.732671e-01 -2170.796 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 15073.564 13850.656 12891.368 9139.223 11173.916 0.10944305 0.009264150 4.2347393 1 3.960470e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 16 children charges 5 4 18 25 2.4870826 34.16692 8.960826e-03 1621.744 Inf greater Welch Two Sample t-test 8786.035 13850.656 3808.436 9139.223 7001.056 0.72340811 0.149702742 12.2513375 1 4.649248e-04 0.003125 FALSE
report_ttests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(2,4),var.equal=TRUE)## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 t df p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 sex charges female male 662 676 -2.0975466 1336 0.036132721 -2684.5324 -89.81229 two.sided Two Sample t-test 12569.579 13956.751 11128.704 12971.026 12085.023 0.11478442 0.027892640 15.5852419 1 7.886777e-05 0.003125 FALSE ## 2 children charges 0 1 574 324 -0.4397307 896 0.660238184 -1995.1475 1264.75500 two.sided Two Sample t-test 12365.976 12731.172 12023.294 11823.631 11923.881 0.03062730 0.007013844 0.1153396 1 7.341451e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 3 children charges 0 3 574 157 -2.7453944 729 0.006192704 -5127.0130 -851.67252 two.sided Two Sample t-test 12365.976 15355.318 12023.294 12330.869 12178.053 0.24546968 0.039751919 0.1576254 1 6.913523e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 4 children charges 0 2 574 240 -2.8671524 812 0.004249042 -4561.2381 -853.93815 two.sided Two Sample t-test 12365.976 15073.564 12023.294 12891.368 12464.890 0.21721717 0.043210079 1.6672644 1 1.966253e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 5 children charges 0 5 574 18 1.2603377 590 0.208045787 -1998.7052 9158.58591 two.sided Two Sample t-test 12365.976 8786.035 12023.294 3808.436 8918.065 0.40142567 0.011695982 23.1372171 1 1.508426e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 6 children charges 0 4 574 25 -0.6095923 597 0.542363858 -6267.9304 3298.56903 two.sided Two Sample t-test 12365.976 13850.656 12023.294 9139.223 10679.068 0.13902718 0.005529551 2.9046073 1 8.832676e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 7 children charges 1 3 324 157 -2.2504833 479 0.024871150 -4915.3260 -332.96703 two.sided Two Sample t-test 12731.172 15355.318 11823.631 12330.869 12079.913 0.21723224 0.045584407 0.3738531 1 5.409115e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 8 children charges 1 2 324 240 -2.2381022 562 0.025605269 -4398.1122 -286.67159 two.sided Two Sample t-test 12731.172 15073.564 11823.631 12891.368 12369.027 0.18937561 0.044245434 2.0650067 1 1.507143e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 9 children charges 1 5 324 18 1.4098163 340 0.159507995 -1559.0899 9449.36310 two.sided Two Sample t-test 12731.172 8786.035 11823.631 3808.436 8783.577 0.44914921 0.021904691 22.4877050 1 2.114930e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 10 children charges 1 4 324 25 -0.4626241 347 0.643923793 -5878.9186 3639.94967 two.sided Two Sample t-test 12731.172 13850.656 11823.631 9139.223 10567.016 0.10594140 0.006996017 2.5281700 1 1.118298e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 11 children charges 3 2 157 240 -0.2165972 395 0.828634069 -2839.1567 2275.64744 two.sided Two Sample t-test 15355.318 15073.564 12330.869 12891.368 12614.232 0.02233625 0.005311622 0.3696063 1 5.432189e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 12 children charges 3 5 157 18 2.2428822 173 0.026173925 788.2114 12350.35481 two.sided Two Sample t-test 15355.318 8786.035 12330.869 3808.436 9125.638 0.71987114 0.062290140 23.3775961 1 1.331200e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 13 children charges 3 4 157 25 0.5845023 180 0.559614317 -3574.9514 6584.27546 two.sided Two Sample t-test 15355.318 13850.656 12330.869 9139.223 10853.012 0.13864004 0.016162515 3.1776718 1 7.465103e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 14 children charges 2 5 240 18 2.0591602 256 0.040490438 274.4627 12300.59425 two.sided Two Sample t-test 15073.564 8786.035 12891.368 3808.436 9505.040 0.66149419 0.041163739 24.9593898 1 5.855067e-07 0.003125 FALSE ## 15 children charges 2 4 240 25 0.4619919 263 0.644469077 -3989.1654 6434.98020 two.sided Two Sample t-test 15073.564 13850.656 12891.368 9139.223 11173.916 0.10944305 0.009264150 4.2347393 1 3.960470e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 16 children charges 5 4 18 25 2.2110865 41 0.032664986 438.7461 9690.49607 two.sided Two Sample t-test 8786.035 13850.656 3808.436 9139.223 7001.056 0.72340811 0.149702742 12.2513375 1 4.649248e-04 0.003125 FALSE
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
| DV | dependent variable |
| IV | independent variable |
| level1 | level 1 |
| level2 | level 2 |
| n1 | sample size for level 1 |
| n2 | sample size for level 2 |
| t | t statistic |
| df | degrees of freedom for t statistic |
| p | p value |
| CI_l | confidence interval lower bound |
| CI_u | confidence interval upper bound |
| alternative | alternative hypothesis |
| method | name of method should be displayed here |
| mean1 | mean for level 1 |
| mean2 | mean for level 2 |
| sd1 | standard deviation for level 1 |
| sd2 | standard deviation for level 2 |
| sd_pooled | pooled standard deviation combined standard deviation of both levels |
| d | measure of effect size cohen’s d |
| d | Very small 0.01 Sawilowsky (2009) |
| d | Small 0.20 Cohen (1988) |
| d | Medium 0.50 Cohen (1988) |
| d | Large 0.80 Cohen (1988) |
| d | Very large 1.20 Sawilowsky (2009) |
| d | Huge 12.0 Sawilowsky (2009) |
| r | measure of effect size correlation effect size |
| k_squared bartlett | bartlett test for homogeneity of variances |
| df bartlett | bartlett test for homogeneity of variances |
| p bartlett | bartlett test for homogeneity of variances significant values indicate heteroscedasticity |
| bonferroni_p | bonferroni adjusted critical value for a=0.05 |
| significant | if TRUE result is significant after bonferroni adjustment |
report_wtests runs the Wilcoxon rank-sum test
(Mann-Whitney U), the non-parametric equivalent of the
independent-samples t-test. It makes no assumption about the
distribution of the data and compares group medians via rank ordering.
Use it when the normality assumption is violated or the outcome is
ordinal.
The calls mirror those in the T-Test section exactly, allowing direct comparison of parametric and non-parametric results on the same data. The key difference in the output is the W statistic (Wilcoxon rank-sum) in place of t, and the absence of pooled standard deviation as a meaningful quantity under rank-based testing.
report_wtests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(2))## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 W p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 sex charges female male 662 676 221304 0.7286511 -929.0673 566.9229 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12569.58 13956.75 11128.7 12971.03 12085.02 0.1147844 0.009486159 15.58524 1 7.886777e-05 0.05 FALSE
report_wtests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(4))## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 W p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 children charges 0 1 574 324 87794 1.641134e-01 -1563.034053 309.0238 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 12731.172 12023.294 11823.631 11923.881 0.03062730 0.046435070 0.1153396 1 7.341451e-01 0.003333333 FALSE ## 2 children charges 0 3 574 157 35692 6.471971e-05 -4120.046055 -1707.1083 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 15355.318 12023.294 12330.869 12178.053 0.24546968 0.147764853 0.1576254 1 6.913523e-01 0.003333333 TRUE ## 3 children charges 0 2 574 240 57386 1.715982e-04 -3218.567028 -1185.6450 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 15073.564 12023.294 12891.368 12464.890 0.21721717 0.131707117 1.6672644 1 1.966253e-01 0.003333333 TRUE ## 4 children charges 0 5 574 18 5334 8.146626e-01 -2829.260853 4259.0758 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 8786.035 12023.294 3808.436 8918.065 0.40142567 0.009663168 23.1372171 1 1.508426e-06 0.003333333 FALSE ## 5 children charges 0 4 574 25 5666 7.493225e-02 -5742.998924 332.2903 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 13850.656 12023.294 9139.223 10679.068 0.13902718 0.072788854 2.9046073 1 8.832676e-02 0.003333333 FALSE ## 6 children charges 1 3 324 157 20460 5.024998e-04 -3335.248442 -966.4038 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 15355.318 11823.631 12330.869 12079.913 0.21723224 0.158663860 0.3738531 1 5.409115e-01 0.003333333 TRUE ## 7 children charges 1 2 324 240 33821 8.200846e-03 -2396.954845 -345.2780 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 15073.564 11823.631 12891.368 12369.027 0.18937561 0.111330305 2.0650067 1 1.507143e-01 0.003333333 FALSE ## 8 children charges 1 5 324 18 3008 8.226739e-01 -1886.640741 3039.4562 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 8786.035 11823.631 3808.436 8783.577 0.44914921 0.012184552 22.4877050 1 2.114930e-06 0.003333333 FALSE ## 9 children charges 1 4 324 25 3133 5.935064e-02 -5161.038838 106.4191 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 13850.656 11823.631 9139.223 10567.016 0.10594140 0.100988219 2.5281700 1 1.118298e-01 0.003333333 FALSE ## 10 children charges 3 2 157 240 17627 2.780925e-01 -2020.245025 560.7960 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 15073.564 12330.869 12891.368 12614.232 0.02233625 0.054457686 0.3696063 1 5.432189e-01 0.003333333 FALSE ## 11 children charges 3 5 157 18 1812 5.030207e-02 -1.259839 6184.4450 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 8786.035 12330.869 3808.436 9125.638 0.71987114 0.148150145 23.3775961 1 1.331200e-06 0.003333333 FALSE ## 12 children charges 3 4 157 25 1922 8.701285e-01 -3127.139397 2805.0320 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 13850.656 12330.869 9139.223 10853.012 0.13864004 0.012270565 3.1776718 1 7.465103e-02 0.003333333 FALSE ## 13 children charges 2 5 240 18 2549 2.032662e-01 -683.722031 5203.3642 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15073.564 8786.035 12891.368 3808.436 9505.040 0.66149419 0.079311948 24.9593898 1 5.855067e-07 0.003333333 FALSE ## 14 children charges 2 4 240 25 2745 4.852711e-01 -3793.245800 1929.9896 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15073.564 13850.656 12891.368 9139.223 11173.916 0.10944305 0.042952794 4.2347393 1 3.960470e-02 0.003333333 FALSE ## 15 children charges 5 4 18 25 307 4.397189e-02 190.184050 6389.2020 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum exact test 8786.035 13850.656 3808.436 9139.223 7001.056 0.72340811 0.307848933 12.2513375 1 4.649248e-04 0.003333333 FALSE
report_wtests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(2,4))## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 W p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 sex charges female male 662 676 221304 7.286511e-01 -929.067302 566.9229 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12569.579 13956.751 11128.704 12971.026 12085.023 0.11478442 0.009486159 15.5852419 1 7.886777e-05 0.003125 FALSE ## 2 children charges 0 1 574 324 87794 1.641134e-01 -1563.034053 309.0238 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 12731.172 12023.294 11823.631 11923.881 0.03062730 0.046435070 0.1153396 1 7.341451e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 3 children charges 0 3 574 157 35692 6.471971e-05 -4120.046055 -1707.1083 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 15355.318 12023.294 12330.869 12178.053 0.24546968 0.147764853 0.1576254 1 6.913523e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 4 children charges 0 2 574 240 57386 1.715982e-04 -3218.567028 -1185.6450 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 15073.564 12023.294 12891.368 12464.890 0.21721717 0.131707117 1.6672644 1 1.966253e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 5 children charges 0 5 574 18 5334 8.146626e-01 -2829.260853 4259.0758 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 8786.035 12023.294 3808.436 8918.065 0.40142567 0.009663168 23.1372171 1 1.508426e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 6 children charges 0 4 574 25 5666 7.493225e-02 -5742.998924 332.2903 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 13850.656 12023.294 9139.223 10679.068 0.13902718 0.072788854 2.9046073 1 8.832676e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 7 children charges 1 3 324 157 20460 5.024998e-04 -3335.248442 -966.4038 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 15355.318 11823.631 12330.869 12079.913 0.21723224 0.158663860 0.3738531 1 5.409115e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 8 children charges 1 2 324 240 33821 8.200846e-03 -2396.954845 -345.2780 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 15073.564 11823.631 12891.368 12369.027 0.18937561 0.111330305 2.0650067 1 1.507143e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 9 children charges 1 5 324 18 3008 8.226739e-01 -1886.640741 3039.4562 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 8786.035 11823.631 3808.436 8783.577 0.44914921 0.012184552 22.4877050 1 2.114930e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 10 children charges 1 4 324 25 3133 5.935064e-02 -5161.038838 106.4191 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 13850.656 11823.631 9139.223 10567.016 0.10594140 0.100988219 2.5281700 1 1.118298e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 11 children charges 3 2 157 240 17627 2.780925e-01 -2020.245025 560.7960 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 15073.564 12330.869 12891.368 12614.232 0.02233625 0.054457686 0.3696063 1 5.432189e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 12 children charges 3 5 157 18 1812 5.030207e-02 -1.259839 6184.4450 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 8786.035 12330.869 3808.436 9125.638 0.71987114 0.148150145 23.3775961 1 1.331200e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 13 children charges 3 4 157 25 1922 8.701285e-01 -3127.139397 2805.0320 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 13850.656 12330.869 9139.223 10853.012 0.13864004 0.012270565 3.1776718 1 7.465103e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 14 children charges 2 5 240 18 2549 2.032662e-01 -683.722031 5203.3642 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15073.564 8786.035 12891.368 3808.436 9505.040 0.66149419 0.079311948 24.9593898 1 5.855067e-07 0.003125 FALSE ## 15 children charges 2 4 240 25 2745 4.852711e-01 -3793.245800 1929.9896 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15073.564 13850.656 12891.368 9139.223 11173.916 0.10944305 0.042952794 4.2347393 1 3.960470e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 16 children charges 5 4 18 25 307 4.397189e-02 190.184050 6389.2020 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum exact test 8786.035 13850.656 3808.436 9139.223 7001.056 0.72340811 0.307848933 12.2513375 1 4.649248e-04 0.003125 FALSE
report_wtests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(2,4),alternative="two.sided")## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 W p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 sex charges female male 662 676 221304 7.286511e-01 -929.067302 566.9229 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12569.579 13956.751 11128.704 12971.026 12085.023 0.11478442 0.009486159 15.5852419 1 7.886777e-05 0.003125 FALSE ## 2 children charges 0 1 574 324 87794 1.641134e-01 -1563.034053 309.0238 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 12731.172 12023.294 11823.631 11923.881 0.03062730 0.046435070 0.1153396 1 7.341451e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 3 children charges 0 3 574 157 35692 6.471971e-05 -4120.046055 -1707.1083 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 15355.318 12023.294 12330.869 12178.053 0.24546968 0.147764853 0.1576254 1 6.913523e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 4 children charges 0 2 574 240 57386 1.715982e-04 -3218.567028 -1185.6450 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 15073.564 12023.294 12891.368 12464.890 0.21721717 0.131707117 1.6672644 1 1.966253e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 5 children charges 0 5 574 18 5334 8.146626e-01 -2829.260853 4259.0758 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 8786.035 12023.294 3808.436 8918.065 0.40142567 0.009663168 23.1372171 1 1.508426e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 6 children charges 0 4 574 25 5666 7.493225e-02 -5742.998924 332.2903 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 13850.656 12023.294 9139.223 10679.068 0.13902718 0.072788854 2.9046073 1 8.832676e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 7 children charges 1 3 324 157 20460 5.024998e-04 -3335.248442 -966.4038 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 15355.318 11823.631 12330.869 12079.913 0.21723224 0.158663860 0.3738531 1 5.409115e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 8 children charges 1 2 324 240 33821 8.200846e-03 -2396.954845 -345.2780 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 15073.564 11823.631 12891.368 12369.027 0.18937561 0.111330305 2.0650067 1 1.507143e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 9 children charges 1 5 324 18 3008 8.226739e-01 -1886.640741 3039.4562 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 8786.035 11823.631 3808.436 8783.577 0.44914921 0.012184552 22.4877050 1 2.114930e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 10 children charges 1 4 324 25 3133 5.935064e-02 -5161.038838 106.4191 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 13850.656 11823.631 9139.223 10567.016 0.10594140 0.100988219 2.5281700 1 1.118298e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 11 children charges 3 2 157 240 17627 2.780925e-01 -2020.245025 560.7960 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 15073.564 12330.869 12891.368 12614.232 0.02233625 0.054457686 0.3696063 1 5.432189e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 12 children charges 3 5 157 18 1812 5.030207e-02 -1.259839 6184.4450 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 8786.035 12330.869 3808.436 9125.638 0.71987114 0.148150145 23.3775961 1 1.331200e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 13 children charges 3 4 157 25 1922 8.701285e-01 -3127.139397 2805.0320 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 13850.656 12330.869 9139.223 10853.012 0.13864004 0.012270565 3.1776718 1 7.465103e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 14 children charges 2 5 240 18 2549 2.032662e-01 -683.722031 5203.3642 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15073.564 8786.035 12891.368 3808.436 9505.040 0.66149419 0.079311948 24.9593898 1 5.855067e-07 0.003125 FALSE ## 15 children charges 2 4 240 25 2745 4.852711e-01 -3793.245800 1929.9896 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15073.564 13850.656 12891.368 9139.223 11173.916 0.10944305 0.042952794 4.2347393 1 3.960470e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 16 children charges 5 4 18 25 307 4.397189e-02 190.184050 6389.2020 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum exact test 8786.035 13850.656 3808.436 9139.223 7001.056 0.72340811 0.307848933 12.2513375 1 4.649248e-04 0.003125 FALSE
report_wtests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(2,4),alternative="less")## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 W p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 sex charges female male 662 676 221304 3.643255e-01 -Inf 480.1140 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12569.579 13956.751 11128.704 12971.026 12085.023 0.11478442 0.009486159 15.5852419 1 7.886777e-05 0.003125 FALSE ## 2 children charges 0 1 574 324 87794 8.205671e-02 -Inf 141.8151 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 12731.172 12023.294 11823.631 11923.881 0.03062730 0.046435070 0.1153396 1 7.341451e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 3 children charges 0 3 574 157 35692 3.235985e-05 -Inf -1894.6137 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 15355.318 12023.294 12330.869 12178.053 0.24546968 0.147764853 0.1576254 1 6.913523e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 4 children charges 0 2 574 240 57386 8.579911e-05 -Inf -1366.6764 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 15073.564 12023.294 12891.368 12464.890 0.21721717 0.131707117 1.6672644 1 1.966253e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 5 children charges 0 5 574 18 5334 5.932118e-01 -Inf 3673.1279 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 8786.035 12023.294 3808.436 8918.065 0.40142567 0.009663168 23.1372171 1 1.508426e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 6 children charges 0 4 574 25 5666 3.746613e-02 -Inf -237.3114 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 13850.656 12023.294 9139.223 10679.068 0.13902718 0.072788854 2.9046073 1 8.832676e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 7 children charges 1 3 324 157 20460 2.512499e-04 -Inf -1167.0091 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 15355.318 11823.631 12330.869 12079.913 0.21723224 0.158663860 0.3738531 1 5.409115e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 8 children charges 1 2 324 240 33821 4.100423e-03 -Inf -504.4227 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 15073.564 11823.631 12891.368 12369.027 0.18937561 0.111330305 2.0650067 1 1.507143e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 9 children charges 1 5 324 18 3008 5.896157e-01 -Inf 2591.8880 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 8786.035 11823.631 3808.436 8783.577 0.44914921 0.012184552 22.4877050 1 2.114930e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 10 children charges 1 4 324 25 3133 2.967532e-02 -Inf -388.9395 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 13850.656 11823.631 9139.223 10567.016 0.10594140 0.100988219 2.5281700 1 1.118298e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 11 children charges 3 2 157 240 17627 1.390462e-01 -Inf 385.9682 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 15073.564 12330.869 12891.368 12614.232 0.02233625 0.054457686 0.3696063 1 5.432189e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 12 children charges 3 5 157 18 1812 9.751361e-01 -Inf 5455.1278 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 8786.035 12330.869 3808.436 9125.638 0.71987114 0.148150145 23.3775961 1 1.331200e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 13 children charges 3 4 157 25 1922 4.350642e-01 -Inf 2187.4027 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 13850.656 12330.869 9139.223 10853.012 0.13864004 0.012270565 3.1776718 1 7.465103e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 14 children charges 2 5 240 18 2549 8.989473e-01 -Inf 4352.8293 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15073.564 8786.035 12891.368 3808.436 9505.040 0.66149419 0.079311948 24.9593898 1 5.855067e-07 0.003125 FALSE ## 15 children charges 2 4 240 25 2745 2.426356e-01 -Inf 1465.9181 less Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15073.564 13850.656 12891.368 9139.223 11173.916 0.10944305 0.042952794 4.2347393 1 3.960470e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 16 children charges 5 4 18 25 307 9.793183e-01 -Inf 6118.6019 less Wilcoxon rank sum exact test 8786.035 13850.656 3808.436 9139.223 7001.056 0.72340811 0.307848933 12.2513375 1 4.649248e-04 0.003125 FALSE
report_wtests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(2,4),alternative="greater")## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 W p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 sex charges female male 662 676 221304 0.63572761 -791.7764 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12569.579 13956.751 11128.704 12971.026 12085.023 0.11478442 0.009486159 15.5852419 1 7.886777e-05 0.003125 FALSE ## 2 children charges 0 1 574 324 87794 0.91798388 -1412.4132 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 12731.172 12023.294 11823.631 11923.881 0.03062730 0.046435070 0.1153396 1 7.341451e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 3 children charges 0 3 574 157 35692 0.99996770 -3928.2216 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 15355.318 12023.294 12330.869 12178.053 0.24546968 0.147764853 0.1576254 1 6.913523e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 4 children charges 0 2 574 240 57386 0.99991431 -3053.8243 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 15073.564 12023.294 12891.368 12464.890 0.21721717 0.131707117 1.6672644 1 1.966253e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 5 children charges 0 5 574 18 5334 0.40733130 -2491.7828 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 8786.035 12023.294 3808.436 8918.065 0.40142567 0.009663168 23.1372171 1 1.508426e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 6 children charges 0 4 574 25 5666 0.96263023 -5306.0104 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 13850.656 12023.294 9139.223 10679.068 0.13902718 0.072788854 2.9046073 1 8.832676e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 7 children charges 1 3 324 157 20460 0.99974941 -3136.6651 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 15355.318 11823.631 12330.869 12079.913 0.21723224 0.158663860 0.3738531 1 5.409115e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 8 children charges 1 2 324 240 33821 0.99590590 -2228.9913 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 15073.564 11823.631 12891.368 12369.027 0.18937561 0.111330305 2.0650067 1 1.507143e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 9 children charges 1 5 324 18 3008 0.41133693 -1541.0272 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 8786.035 11823.631 3808.436 8783.577 0.44914921 0.012184552 22.4877050 1 2.114930e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 10 children charges 1 4 324 25 3133 0.97046314 -4687.4514 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 13850.656 11823.631 9139.223 10567.016 0.10594140 0.100988219 2.5281700 1 1.118298e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 11 children charges 3 2 157 240 17627 0.86115186 -1808.1586 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 15073.564 12330.869 12891.368 12614.232 0.02233625 0.054457686 0.3696063 1 5.432189e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 12 children charges 3 5 157 18 1812 0.02515104 410.5912 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 8786.035 12330.869 3808.436 9125.638 0.71987114 0.148150145 23.3775961 1 1.331200e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 13 children charges 3 4 157 25 1922 0.56654420 -2665.3468 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 13850.656 12330.869 9139.223 10853.012 0.13864004 0.012270565 3.1776718 1 7.465103e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 14 children charges 2 5 240 18 2549 0.10163309 -358.7102 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15073.564 8786.035 12891.368 3808.436 9505.040 0.66149419 0.079311948 24.9593898 1 5.855067e-07 0.003125 FALSE ## 15 children charges 2 4 240 25 2745 0.75822112 -3293.3247 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15073.564 13850.656 12891.368 9139.223 11173.916 0.10944305 0.042952794 4.2347393 1 3.960470e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 16 children charges 5 4 18 25 307 0.02198594 793.8072 Inf greater Wilcoxon rank sum exact test 8786.035 13850.656 3808.436 9139.223 7001.056 0.72340811 0.307848933 12.2513375 1 4.649248e-04 0.003125 FALSE
report_wtests(df=df_insurance,dv=7,iv=c(2,4),var.equal=TRUE)## DV IV level1 level2 n1 n2 W p CI_l CI_u alternative method mean1 mean2 sd1 sd2 sd_pooled d r k_squared[bartlett] df[bartlett] p[bartlett] bonferroni_p significant ## 1 sex charges female male 662 676 221304 7.286511e-01 -929.067302 566.9229 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12569.579 13956.751 11128.704 12971.026 12085.023 0.11478442 0.009486159 15.5852419 1 7.886777e-05 0.003125 FALSE ## 2 children charges 0 1 574 324 87794 1.641134e-01 -1563.034053 309.0238 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 12731.172 12023.294 11823.631 11923.881 0.03062730 0.046435070 0.1153396 1 7.341451e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 3 children charges 0 3 574 157 35692 6.471971e-05 -4120.046055 -1707.1083 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 15355.318 12023.294 12330.869 12178.053 0.24546968 0.147764853 0.1576254 1 6.913523e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 4 children charges 0 2 574 240 57386 1.715982e-04 -3218.567028 -1185.6450 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 15073.564 12023.294 12891.368 12464.890 0.21721717 0.131707117 1.6672644 1 1.966253e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 5 children charges 0 5 574 18 5334 8.146626e-01 -2829.260853 4259.0758 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 8786.035 12023.294 3808.436 8918.065 0.40142567 0.009663168 23.1372171 1 1.508426e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 6 children charges 0 4 574 25 5666 7.493225e-02 -5742.998924 332.2903 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12365.976 13850.656 12023.294 9139.223 10679.068 0.13902718 0.072788854 2.9046073 1 8.832676e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 7 children charges 1 3 324 157 20460 5.024998e-04 -3335.248442 -966.4038 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 15355.318 11823.631 12330.869 12079.913 0.21723224 0.158663860 0.3738531 1 5.409115e-01 0.003125 TRUE ## 8 children charges 1 2 324 240 33821 8.200846e-03 -2396.954845 -345.2780 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 15073.564 11823.631 12891.368 12369.027 0.18937561 0.111330305 2.0650067 1 1.507143e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 9 children charges 1 5 324 18 3008 8.226739e-01 -1886.640741 3039.4562 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 8786.035 11823.631 3808.436 8783.577 0.44914921 0.012184552 22.4877050 1 2.114930e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 10 children charges 1 4 324 25 3133 5.935064e-02 -5161.038838 106.4191 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 12731.172 13850.656 11823.631 9139.223 10567.016 0.10594140 0.100988219 2.5281700 1 1.118298e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 11 children charges 3 2 157 240 17627 2.780925e-01 -2020.245025 560.7960 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 15073.564 12330.869 12891.368 12614.232 0.02233625 0.054457686 0.3696063 1 5.432189e-01 0.003125 FALSE ## 12 children charges 3 5 157 18 1812 5.030207e-02 -1.259839 6184.4450 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 8786.035 12330.869 3808.436 9125.638 0.71987114 0.148150145 23.3775961 1 1.331200e-06 0.003125 FALSE ## 13 children charges 3 4 157 25 1922 8.701285e-01 -3127.139397 2805.0320 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15355.318 13850.656 12330.869 9139.223 10853.012 0.13864004 0.012270565 3.1776718 1 7.465103e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 14 children charges 2 5 240 18 2549 2.032662e-01 -683.722031 5203.3642 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15073.564 8786.035 12891.368 3808.436 9505.040 0.66149419 0.079311948 24.9593898 1 5.855067e-07 0.003125 FALSE ## 15 children charges 2 4 240 25 2745 4.852711e-01 -3793.245800 1929.9896 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 15073.564 13850.656 12891.368 9139.223 11173.916 0.10944305 0.042952794 4.2347393 1 3.960470e-02 0.003125 FALSE ## 16 children charges 5 4 18 25 307 4.397189e-02 190.184050 6389.2020 two.sided Wilcoxon rank sum exact test 8786.035 13850.656 3808.436 9139.223 7001.056 0.72340811 0.307848933 12.2513375 1 4.649248e-04 0.003125 FALSE
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
| DV | dependent variable |
| IV | independent variable |
| level1 | level 1 |
| level2 | level 2 |
| n1 | sample size for level 1 |
| n2 | sample size for level 2 |
| W | wilcoxon statistic |
| df | degrees of freedom for t statistic |
| p | p value |
| CI_l | confidence interval lower bound |
| CI_u | confidence interval upper bound |
| alternative | alternative hypothesis |
| method | name of method should be displayed here |
| mean1 | mean for level 1 |
| mean2 | mean for level 2 |
| sd1 | standard deviation for level 1 |
| sd2 | standard deviation for level 2 |
| sd_pooled | pooled standard deviation combined standard deviation of both levels |
| d | measure of effect size cohen’s d |
| d | Very small 0.01 Sawilowsky (2009) |
| d | Small 0.20 Cohen (1988) |
| d | Medium 0.50 Cohen (1988) |
| d | Large 0.80 Cohen (1988) |
| d | Very large 1.20 Sawilowsky (2009) |
| d | Huge 12.0 Sawilowsky (2009) |
| r | measure of effect size correlation effect size |
| k_squared bartlett | bartlett test for homogeneity of variances |
| df bartlett | bartlett test for homogeneity of variances |
| p bartlett | bartlett test for homogeneity of variances significant values indicate heteroscedasticity |
| bonferroni_p | bonferroni adjusted critical value for a=0.05 |
| significant | if TRUE result is significant after bonferroni adjustment |