NOAA-Storm-Assignment
2026-05-21
Introduction
The basic goal of this assignment is to explore the NOAA Storm Database and answer some basic questions about severe weather events. You must use the database to answer the questions below and show the code for your entire analysis. Your analysis can consist of tables, figures, or other summaries. You may use any R package you want to support your analysis.
Your data analysis must address the following questions:
Across the United States, which types of events are most harmful with respect to population health?
Across the United States, which types of events have the greatest economic consequences?
Synopsis
Only the most 5 destructive events were used to draw the plots. The
first figure illustrates the number of injuries/fatalities per storm
type. Tornadoes were the most life threatening event. With more than 90K
injures and around 5.6k deaths, Tornadoes surpassing other events by
huge difference. Whereas, thunderstorm wind and excessive heat took the
second place in injures and fatalities, respectively.
On the other hand, floods were the most costly event as it caused damage
approximate 150 billion dollar to properties, as well as 11 billion
dollar to plants. However, hurricanes/typhoons did half of the damage to
properties i.e, merely 85B dollar and 5.5B dollar to crops. Although
drought was behind the majority of crop wasting (almost 14B dollar), it
did not cause a lot of damage to properties in that period.
Data Processing
First of all, the data was loaded using read.csv(). Here are summary of the original data (before cleaning). There is a 985 unique name in the storm type column.
## reading the data
storm <- read.csv ("repdata_data_StormData.csv.bz2")
str(storm)## 'data.frame': 902297 obs. of 37 variables:
## $ STATE__ : num 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ BGN_DATE : chr "4/18/1950 0:00:00" "4/18/1950 0:00:00" "2/20/1951 0:00:00" "6/8/1951 0:00:00" ...
## $ BGN_TIME : chr "0130" "0145" "1600" "0900" ...
## $ TIME_ZONE : chr "CST" "CST" "CST" "CST" ...
## $ COUNTY : num 97 3 57 89 43 77 9 123 125 57 ...
## $ COUNTYNAME: chr "MOBILE" "BALDWIN" "FAYETTE" "MADISON" ...
## $ STATE : chr "AL" "AL" "AL" "AL" ...
## $ EVTYPE : chr "TORNADO" "TORNADO" "TORNADO" "TORNADO" ...
## $ BGN_RANGE : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ BGN_AZI : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ BGN_LOCATI: chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ END_DATE : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ END_TIME : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ COUNTY_END: num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ COUNTYENDN: logi NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ END_RANGE : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ END_AZI : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ END_LOCATI: chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ LENGTH : num 14 2 0.1 0 0 1.5 1.5 0 3.3 2.3 ...
## $ WIDTH : num 100 150 123 100 150 177 33 33 100 100 ...
## $ F : int 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 ...
## $ MAG : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ FATALITIES: num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ...
## $ INJURIES : num 15 0 2 2 2 6 1 0 14 0 ...
## $ PROPDMG : num 25 2.5 25 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 25 25 ...
## $ PROPDMGEXP: chr "K" "K" "K" "K" ...
## $ CROPDMG : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ CROPDMGEXP: chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ WFO : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ STATEOFFIC: chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ ZONENAMES : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ LATITUDE : num 3040 3042 3340 3458 3412 ...
## $ LONGITUDE : num 8812 8755 8742 8626 8642 ...
## $ LATITUDE_E: num 3051 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ LONGITUDE_: num 8806 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ REMARKS : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ REFNUM : num 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...summary(storm)## STATE__ BGN_DATE BGN_TIME TIME_ZONE
## Min. : 1.0 Length:902297 Length:902297 Length:902297
## 1st Qu.:19.0 Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Median :30.0 Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Mean :31.2
## 3rd Qu.:45.0
## Max. :95.0
##
## COUNTY COUNTYNAME STATE EVTYPE
## Min. : 0.0 Length:902297 Length:902297 Length:902297
## 1st Qu.: 31.0 Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Median : 75.0 Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Mean :100.6
## 3rd Qu.:131.0
## Max. :873.0
##
## BGN_RANGE BGN_AZI BGN_LOCATI END_DATE
## Min. : 0.000 Length:902297 Length:902297 Length:902297
## 1st Qu.: 0.000 Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Median : 0.000 Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Mean : 1.484
## 3rd Qu.: 1.000
## Max. :3749.000
##
## END_TIME COUNTY_END COUNTYENDN END_RANGE
## Length:902297 Min. :0 Mode:logical Min. : 0.0000
## Class :character 1st Qu.:0 NA's:902297 1st Qu.: 0.0000
## Mode :character Median :0 Median : 0.0000
## Mean :0 Mean : 0.9862
## 3rd Qu.:0 3rd Qu.: 0.0000
## Max. :0 Max. :925.0000
##
## END_AZI END_LOCATI LENGTH WIDTH
## Length:902297 Length:902297 Min. : 0.0000 Min. : 0.000
## Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.: 0.0000 1st Qu.: 0.000
## Mode :character Mode :character Median : 0.0000 Median : 0.000
## Mean : 0.2301 Mean : 7.503
## 3rd Qu.: 0.0000 3rd Qu.: 0.000
## Max. :2315.0000 Max. :4400.000
##
## F MAG FATALITIES INJURIES
## Min. :0.00 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.00000 Min. : 0.0000
## 1st Qu.:0.00 1st Qu.: 0.0 1st Qu.: 0.00000 1st Qu.: 0.0000
## Median :1.00 Median : 50.0 Median : 0.00000 Median : 0.0000
## Mean :0.91 Mean : 46.9 Mean : 0.01678 Mean : 0.1557
## 3rd Qu.:1.00 3rd Qu.: 75.0 3rd Qu.: 0.00000 3rd Qu.: 0.0000
## Max. :5.00 Max. :22000.0 Max. :583.00000 Max. :1700.0000
## NA's :843563
## PROPDMG PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP
## Min. : 0.00 Length:902297 Min. : 0.000 Length:902297
## 1st Qu.: 0.00 Class :character 1st Qu.: 0.000 Class :character
## Median : 0.00 Mode :character Median : 0.000 Mode :character
## Mean : 12.06 Mean : 1.527
## 3rd Qu.: 0.50 3rd Qu.: 0.000
## Max. :5000.00 Max. :990.000
##
## WFO STATEOFFIC ZONENAMES LATITUDE
## Length:902297 Length:902297 Length:902297 Min. : 0
## Class :character Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:2802
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Median :3540
## Mean :2875
## 3rd Qu.:4019
## Max. :9706
## NA's :47
## LONGITUDE LATITUDE_E LONGITUDE_ REMARKS
## Min. :-14451 Min. : 0 Min. :-14455 Length:902297
## 1st Qu.: 7247 1st Qu.: 0 1st Qu.: 0 Class :character
## Median : 8707 Median : 0 Median : 0 Mode :character
## Mean : 6940 Mean :1452 Mean : 3509
## 3rd Qu.: 9605 3rd Qu.:3549 3rd Qu.: 8735
## Max. : 17124 Max. :9706 Max. :106220
## NA's :40
## REFNUM
## Min. : 1
## 1st Qu.:225575
## Median :451149
## Mean :451149
## 3rd Qu.:676723
## Max. :902297
## sort(table(storm$EVTYPE), decreasing = TRUE)##
## HAIL TSTM WIND
## 288661 219940
## THUNDERSTORM WIND TORNADO
## 82563 60652
## FLASH FLOOD FLOOD
## 54277 25326
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS HIGH WIND
## 20843 20212
## LIGHTNING HEAVY SNOW
## 15754 15708
## HEAVY RAIN WINTER STORM
## 11723 11433
## WINTER WEATHER FUNNEL CLOUD
## 7026 6839
## MARINE TSTM WIND MARINE THUNDERSTORM WIND
## 6175 5812
## WATERSPOUT STRONG WIND
## 3796 3566
## URBAN/SML STREAM FLD WILDFIRE
## 3392 2761
## BLIZZARD DROUGHT
## 2719 2488
## ICE STORM EXCESSIVE HEAT
## 2006 1678
## HIGH WINDS WILD/FOREST FIRE
## 1533 1457
## FROST/FREEZE DENSE FOG
## 1342 1293
## WINTER WEATHER/MIX TSTM WIND/HAIL
## 1104 1028
## EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL HEAT
## 1002 767
## HIGH SURF TROPICAL STORM
## 725 690
## FLASH FLOODING EXTREME COLD
## 682 655
## COASTAL FLOOD LAKE-EFFECT SNOW
## 650 636
## FLOOD/FLASH FLOOD LANDSLIDE
## 624 600
## SNOW COLD/WIND CHILL
## 587 539
## FOG RIP CURRENT
## 538 470
## MARINE HAIL DUST STORM
## 442 427
## AVALANCHE WIND
## 386 340
## RIP CURRENTS STORM SURGE
## 304 261
## FREEZING RAIN URBAN FLOOD
## 250 249
## HEAVY SURF/HIGH SURF EXTREME WINDCHILL
## 228 204
## STRONG WINDS DRY MICROBURST
## 196 186
## ASTRONOMICAL LOW TIDE HURRICANE
## 174 174
## RIVER FLOOD LIGHT SNOW
## 173 154
## STORM SURGE/TIDE RECORD WARMTH
## 148 146
## COASTAL FLOODING DUST DEVIL
## 143 141
## MARINE HIGH WIND UNSEASONABLY WARM
## 135 126
## FLOODING ASTRONOMICAL HIGH TIDE
## 120 103
## MODERATE SNOWFALL URBAN FLOODING
## 101 98
## WINTRY MIX HURRICANE/TYPHOON
## 90 88
## FUNNEL CLOUDS HEAVY SURF
## 87 84
## RECORD HEAT FREEZE
## 81 74
## HEAT WAVE COLD
## 74 72
## RECORD COLD ICE
## 64 61
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS HAIL TROPICAL DEPRESSION
## 61 60
## SLEET UNSEASONABLY DRY
## 59 56
## FROST GUSTY WINDS
## 53 53
## THUNDERSTORM WINDSS MARINE STRONG WIND
## 51 48
## OTHER SMALL HAIL
## 48 47
## FUNNEL FREEZING FOG
## 46 45
## THUNDERSTORM Temperature record
## 45 43
## TSTM WIND (G45) Coastal Flooding
## 39 38
## WATERSPOUTS MONTHLY PRECIPITATION
## 37 36
## WINDS MIXED PRECIPITATION
## 36 34
## SNOW AND ICE FLASH FLOODS
## 33 32
## GLAZE HEAVY SNOW SQUALLS
## 32 32
## Snow URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD
## 30 30
## HAIL 75 ICY ROADS
## 29 28
## WIND DAMAGE HEAVY RAINS
## 27 26
## EXCESSIVE SNOW HEAVY LAKE SNOW
## 25 25
## RIVER FLOODING THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HAIL
## 24 24
## GUSTY WIND LAKESHORE FLOOD
## 23 23
## LIGHT FREEZING RAIN SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
## 23 23
## UNSEASONABLY COLD EXTREME HEAT
## 23 22
## FLASH FLOOD/FLOOD VOLCANIC ASH
## 22 22
## LAKE EFFECT SNOW Light Snow
## 21 21
## SEICHE FREEZING DRIZZLE
## 21 20
## TIDAL FLOODING TSUNAMI
## 20 20
## EXTREME WINDCHILL TEMPERATURES SNOW SQUALL
## 19 19
## TORNADO F0 UNSEASONABLY WET
## 19 19
## Winter Weather HAIL 0.75
## 19 18
## WIND CHILL PROLONG COLD
## 18 17
## SNOW SQUALLS SNOW/ICE STORM
## 17 17
## Heavy Rain RAIN
## 16 16
## HEAVY SNOW-SQUALLS BLACK ICE
## 15 14
## RECORD RAINFALL THUNDERSTORMS WINDS
## 14 14
## DROUGHT/EXCESSIVE HEAT HAIL 100
## 13 13
## HAIL 175 SEVERE THUNDERSTORM
## 13 13
## UNSEASONABLY WARM AND DRY BLOWING SNOW
## 13 12
## SLEET STORM UNSEASONABLY COOL
## 12 12
## WIND ADVISORY Glaze
## 12 11
## MONTHLY RAINFALL Record temperature
## 11 11
## SMOKE SNOW FREEZING RAIN
## 11 11
## TYPHOON Cold
## 11 10
## DENSE SMOKE Gusty Winds
## 10 10
## MIXED PRECIP SNOW/SLEET
## 10 10
## TSTM WIND (G40) UNSEASONABLY HOT
## 10 10
## UNUSUAL WARMTH WATERSPOUT-
## 10 10
## DRY FIRST SNOW
## 9 9
## FREEZING RAIN/SLEET HEAVY RAINS/FLOODING
## 9 9
## High Surf HURRICANE OPAL
## 9 9
## MUDSLIDE COASTAL STORM
## 9 8
## Dust Devil FLASH FLOODING/FLOOD
## 8 8
## GRADIENT WINDS HEAVY MIX
## 8 8
## HIGH SEAS LANDSLIDES
## 8 8
## Mudslide RECORD SNOW
## 8 8
## Record Warmth UNUSUALLY COLD
## 8 8
## URBAN/SMALL STREAM WATERSPOUT/TORNADO
## 8 8
## WILDFIRES Freezing Rain
## 8 7
## HARD FREEZE HURRICANE ERIN
## 7 7
## LOW TEMPERATURE MUD SLIDE
## 7 7
## NON SEVERE HAIL SMALL STREAM FLOOD
## 7 7
## SNOW DROUGHT SNOW/BLOWING SNOW
## 7 7
## SNOW/ICE Strong Winds
## 7 7
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS THUNDERSTORM WINDS LIGHTNING
## 7 7
## AGRICULTURAL FREEZE Coastal Flood
## 6 6
## Cold and Frost COLD WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES
## 6 6
## DAMAGING FREEZE DRY CONDITIONS
## 6 6
## EXTREME WIND CHILL FLOOD/RAIN/WINDS
## 6 6
## FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET GUSTNADO
## 6 6
## HAIL 1.00 HIGH WATER
## 6 6
## HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD RECORD SNOWFALL
## 6 6
## SNOW SHOWERS SNOW/FREEZING RAIN
## 6 6
## SNOW/SLEET/FREEZING RAIN THUNDERSTORMS WIND
## 6 6
## TSTM WINDS URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOODIN
## 6 6
## WET MICROBURST Wind
## 6 6
## WINTER WEATHER MIX COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION
## 6 5
## DRY MICROBURST WINDS EARLY SNOWFALL
## 5 5
## EXCESSIVE RAIN FLASH FLOOD FROM ICE JAMS
## 5 5
## Funnel Cloud GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WINDS
## 5 5
## HEAVY SNOW/ICE HIGH SWELLS
## 5 5
## HIGH WINDS/COLD ICE JAM FLOODING
## 5 5
## MICROBURST MICROBURST WINDS
## 5 5
## Mudslides Prolong Cold
## 5 5
## RAIN/SNOW RECORD COOL
## 5 5
## RECORD HIGH RECORD TEMPERATURE
## 5 5
## River Flooding ROTATING WALL CLOUD
## 5 5
## SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WINDS small hail
## 5 5
## SMALL STREAM/URBAN FLOOD SNOWMELT FLOODING
## 5 5
## Tidal Flooding TSTM WIND 52
## 5 5
## WALL CLOUD TSTM WIND
## 5 4
## ABNORMAL WARMTH ACCUMULATED SNOWFALL
## 4 4
## BLOWING DUST COLD AIR FUNNEL
## 4 4
## COLD TEMPERATURES COLD WEATHER
## 4 4
## DAM BREAK DRY SPELL
## 4 4
## DRY WEATHER EXCESSIVE RAINFALL
## 4 4
## EXTREME/RECORD COLD FREEZING RAIN/SNOW
## 4 4
## Frost Gradient wind
## 4 4
## HAIL 1.75 Heavy Rain and Wind
## 4 4
## HEAVY RAIN/WIND HIGH SURF ADVISORY
## 4 4
## ICE JAM Icy Roads
## 4 4
## Microburst MONTHLY TEMPERATURE
## 4 4
## MUDSLIDES Other
## 4 4
## PROLONG WARMTH PROLONGED RAIN
## 4 4
## RECORD LOW ROUGH SURF
## 4 4
## SMALL STREAM FLOODING SNOW AND SLEET
## 4 4
## Snow Squalls THUNDERSTORM WIND 60 MPH
## 4 4
## THUNDERSTORM WIND G50 THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREES
## 4 4
## THUNDERSTORMS TORNADO F1
## 4 4
## UNUSUALLY WARM URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOODING
## 4 4
## Wet Month Wet Year
## 4 4
## WILD FIRES Wind Damage
## 4 4
## BEACH EROSION BITTER WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES
## 3 3
## Black Ice Blowing Snow
## 3 3
## BRUSH FIRE COLD WAVE
## 3 3
## EARLY SNOW FLOOD FLASH
## 3 3
## FLOODS Freezing Drizzle
## 3 3
## Freezing rain GRADIENT WIND
## 3 3
## GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WIND HAIL 275
## 3 3
## HAIL/WIND HAILSTORM
## 3 3
## Heavy rain HEAVY RAINFALL
## 3 3
## HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD Heavy Surf
## 3 3
## HIGH TEMPERATURE RECORD HIGH WAVES
## 3 3
## HIGH WIND/HEAVY SNOW HIGH WINDS/SNOW
## 3 3
## HURRICANE-GENERATED SWELLS Hypothermia/Exposure
## 3 3
## HYPOTHERMIA/EXPOSURE ICE/SNOW
## 3 3
## Light Snow/Flurries LIGHTING
## 3 3
## MAJOR FLOOD MINOR FLOODING
## 3 3
## Mixed Precipitation NORMAL PRECIPITATION
## 3 3
## PATCHY DENSE FOG Record Cold
## 3 3
## RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURE RECORD TEMPERATURES
## 3 3
## Record Winter Snow RECORD/EXCESSIVE HEAT
## 3 3
## ROUGH SEAS STREET FLOOD
## 3 3
## STREET FLOODING Strong Wind
## 3 3
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS. THUNDERSTORMW WINDS
## 3 3
## THUNDERTORM WINDS TORNADO F2
## 3 3
## TROPICAL STORM JERRY TSTM HEAVY RAIN
## 3 3
## TSTM WIND 55 URBAN AND SMALL STREAM
## 3 3
## URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOOD URBAN FLOODS
## 3 3
## URBAN/STREET FLOODING VOLCANIC ASHFALL
## 3 3
## WIND GUSTS WINTER MIX
## 3 3
## WINTER STORMS Wintry mix
## 3 3
## ABNORMALLY DRY BEACH FLOOD
## 2 2
## BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION BLIZZARD AND EXTREME WIND CHIL
## 2 2
## BLIZZARD/HEAVY SNOW blowing snow
## 2 2
## BLOWING SNOW & EXTREME WIND CH coastal flooding
## 2 2
## Coastal Storm COASTAL SURGE
## 2 2
## COASTAL/TIDAL FLOOD COLD AIR FUNNELS
## 2 2
## Cold Temperature CSTL FLOODING/EROSION
## 2 2
## Damaging Freeze DOWNBURST
## 2 2
## DOWNBURST WINDS DRY MICROBURST 58
## 2 2
## Early snowfall Erosion/Cstl Flood
## 2 2
## Excessive Cold Extreme Cold
## 2 2
## FALLING SNOW/ICE FLASH FLOOD - HEAVY RAIN
## 2 2
## FLASH FLOOD/ FLOOD FLOOD & HEAVY RAIN
## 2 2
## FLOOD/FLASH FLOOD/FLASH FLOODING
## 2 2
## Freeze GLAZE ICE
## 2 2
## gradient wind GROUND BLIZZARD
## 2 2
## Gusty winds HAIL 150
## 2 2
## HAIL 80 HAIL DAMAGE
## 2 2
## HAIL/WINDS HEAT WAVES
## 2 2
## Heavy Precipitation HEAVY RAIN/FLOODING
## 2 2
## HEAVY RAIN/SEVERE WEATHER HEAVY SEAS
## 2 2
## HEAVY SHOWER HEAVY SNOW AND HIGH WINDS
## 2 2
## HEAVY SNOW AND ICE HEAVY SNOW AND ICE STORM
## 2 2
## HEAVY SNOW/FREEZING RAIN HEAVY SNOW/ICE STORM
## 2 2
## HEAVY SNOW/SQUALLS HIGH TIDES
## 2 2
## High Wind HIGH WIND (G40)
## 2 2
## HIGH WIND AND HIGH TIDES HIGH WIND DAMAGE
## 2 2
## HIGH WINDS 63 HIGH WINDS 66
## 2 2
## HIGH WINDS 80 Hot and Dry
## 2 2
## HOT SPELL Hurricane Edouard
## 2 2
## HURRICANE FELIX HVY RAIN
## 2 2
## ICE FLOES Ice Fog
## 2 2
## Ice/Snow Lake Effect Snow
## 2 2
## LANDSPOUT Late Season Snowfall
## 2 2
## LATE SNOW LIGHT SNOW AND SLEET
## 2 2
## MARINE MISHAP Monthly Rainfall
## 2 2
## NON TSTM WIND NONE
## 2 2
## RECORD COLD/FROST RECORD DRYNESS
## 2 2
## Record High RECORD LOW RAINFALL
## 2 2
## Record Temperatures RED FLAG CRITERIA
## 2 2
## RED FLAG FIRE WX REMNANTS OF FLOYD
## 2 2
## RIP CURRENTS/HEAVY SURF RIVER AND STREAM FLOOD
## 2 2
## ROCK SLIDE RURAL FLOOD
## 2 2
## Saharan Dust SAHARAN DUST
## 2 2
## SLEET/FREEZING RAIN SLEET/SNOW
## 2 2
## SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOOD Sml Stream Fld
## 2 2
## SNOW AND COLD SNOW AND HEAVY SNOW
## 2 2
## SNOW/COLD SNOW/HIGH WINDS
## 2 2
## STRONG WIND GUST Summary August 10
## 2 2
## Summary August 11 Summary of April 12
## 2 2
## Summary of April 21 Summary of June 13
## 2 2
## Summary of June 3 Summary of March 23
## 2 2
## Summary September 23 Summary: Nov. 16
## 2 2
## THUDERSTORM WINDS THUNDEERSTORM WINDS
## 2 2
## THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE THUNDERSTORM WIND 50
## 2 2
## THUNDERSTORM WIND G52 THUNDERSTORM WIND G60
## 2 2
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS AND THUNDERSTORM WINDS FUNNEL CLOU
## 2 2
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS G THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ FLOOD
## 2 2
## THUNDERSTROM WINDS THUNDESTORM WINDS
## 2 2
## TORNADO F3 TORNADOES
## 2 2
## TROPICAL STORM DEAN Tstm Wind
## 2 2
## TSTM WIND 51 UNSEASONABLY COOL & WET
## 2 2
## UNSEASONABLY WARM YEAR UNSEASONABLY WARM/WET
## 2 2
## UNSEASONAL LOW TEMP UNSEASONAL RAIN
## 2 2
## UNUSUAL/RECORD WARMTH URBAN AND SMALL
## 2 2
## URBAN SMALL STREAM FLOOD URBAN/SMALL
## 2 2
## URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD VERY DRY
## 2 2
## VOLCANIC ERUPTION WAKE LOW WIND
## 2 2
## WATERSPOUT-TORNADO WATERSPOUT/ TORNADO
## 2 2
## Whirlwind WINTERY MIX
## 2 2
## HIGH SURF ADVISORY COASTAL FLOOD
## 1 1
## FLASH FLOOD LIGHTNING
## 1 1
## TSTM WIND (G45) WATERSPOUT
## 1 1
## WIND ?
## 1 1
## ABNORMALLY WET APACHE COUNTY
## 1 1
## AVALANCE BEACH EROSIN
## 1 1
## Beach Erosion BEACH EROSION/COASTAL FLOOD
## 1 1
## BITTER WIND CHILL BLIZZARD AND HEAVY SNOW
## 1 1
## Blizzard Summary BLIZZARD WEATHER
## 1 1
## BLIZZARD/FREEZING RAIN BLIZZARD/HIGH WIND
## 1 1
## BLIZZARD/WINTER STORM BLOW-OUT TIDE
## 1 1
## BLOW-OUT TIDES BLOWING SNOW- EXTREME WIND CHI
## 1 1
## BLOWING SNOW/EXTREME WIND CHIL BREAKUP FLOODING
## 1 1
## BRUSH FIRES COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION
## 1 1
## COASTAL EROSION COASTALFLOOD
## 1 1
## COASTALSTORM COLD AIR TORNADO
## 1 1
## COLD AND FROST COLD AND SNOW
## 1 1
## COLD AND WET CONDITIONS COLD/WINDS
## 1 1
## COOL AND WET COOL SPELL
## 1 1
## DAM FAILURE DEEP HAIL
## 1 1
## DRIEST MONTH Drifting Snow
## 1 1
## DROWNING DRY HOT WEATHER
## 1 1
## DRY MICROBURST 50 DRY MICROBURST 53
## 1 1
## DRY MICROBURST 61 DRY MICROBURST 84
## 1 1
## DRY MIRCOBURST WINDS DRY PATTERN
## 1 1
## DRYNESS DUST DEVEL
## 1 1
## DUST DEVIL WATERSPOUT DUST STORM/HIGH WINDS
## 1 1
## DUSTSTORM EARLY FREEZE
## 1 1
## Early Frost EARLY FROST
## 1 1
## EARLY RAIN EXCESSIVE
## 1 1
## EXCESSIVE HEAT/DROUGHT EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION
## 1 1
## EXCESSIVE WETNESS EXCESSIVELY DRY
## 1 1
## Extended Cold EXTREME WIND CHILL/BLOWING SNO
## 1 1
## EXTREME WIND CHILLS EXTREMELY WET
## 1 1
## FIRST FROST FLASH FLOOD LANDSLIDES
## 1 1
## FLASH FLOOD WINDS FLASH FLOOD/
## 1 1
## FLASH FLOOD/ STREET FLASH FLOOD/HEAVY RAIN
## 1 1
## FLASH FLOOD/LANDSLIDE FLASH FLOODING/THUNDERSTORM WI
## 1 1
## FLASH FLOOODING Flood
## 1 1
## FLOOD FLOOD/FLASH FLOOD WATCH/
## 1 1
## Flood/Flash Flood FLOOD/FLASH/FLOOD
## 1 1
## FLOOD/FLASHFLOOD FLOOD/RAIN/WIND
## 1 1
## FLOOD/RIVER FLOOD Flood/Strong Wind
## 1 1
## FLOODING/HEAVY RAIN FOG AND COLD TEMPERATURES
## 1 1
## FOREST FIRES Freezing drizzle
## 1 1
## FREEZING DRIZZLE AND FREEZING Freezing Fog
## 1 1
## FREEZING RAIN AND SNOW FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND
## 1 1
## FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND LIGHT Freezing Spray
## 1 1
## Frost/Freeze FROST\\FREEZE
## 1 1
## FUNNEL CLOUD. FUNNEL CLOUD/HAIL
## 1 1
## FUNNELS GLAZE/ICE STORM
## 1 1
## GRASS FIRES GUSTNADO AND
## 1 1
## GUSTY LAKE WIND Gusty Wind
## 1 1
## GUSTY WIND/HAIL GUSTY WIND/HVY RAIN
## 1 1
## Gusty wind/rain HAIL 0.88
## 1 1
## HAIL 075 HAIL 088
## 1 1
## HAIL 1.75) HAIL 125
## 1 1
## HAIL 200 HAIL 225
## 1 1
## HAIL 450 HAIL 88
## 1 1
## HAIL ALOFT HAIL FLOODING
## 1 1
## HAIL STORM Hail(0.75)
## 1 1
## HAIL/ICY ROADS HAILSTORMS
## 1 1
## HAZARDOUS SURF HEAT DROUGHT
## 1 1
## Heat Wave HEAT WAVE DROUGHT
## 1 1
## HEAT/DROUGHT Heatburst
## 1 1
## HEAVY PRECIPATATION HEAVY PRECIPITATION
## 1 1
## HEAVY RAIN AND FLOOD HEAVY RAIN EFFECTS
## 1 1
## Heavy Rain/High Surf HEAVY RAIN/LIGHTNING
## 1 1
## HEAVY RAIN/MUDSLIDES/FLOOD HEAVY RAIN/SMALL STREAM URBAN
## 1 1
## HEAVY RAIN/SNOW HEAVY RAIN/URBAN FLOOD
## 1 1
## HEAVY RAIN; URBAN FLOOD WINDS; HEAVY SHOWERS
## 1 1
## HEAVY SNOW FREEZING RAIN HEAVY SNOW & ICE
## 1 1
## HEAVY SNOW AND HEAVY SNOW AND STRONG WINDS
## 1 1
## HEAVY SNOW ANDBLOWING SNOW Heavy snow shower
## 1 1
## HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD/AVALANCHE HEAVY SNOW/BLOWING SNOW
## 1 1
## HEAVY SNOW/HIGH HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WIND
## 1 1
## HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS & FLOOD
## 1 1
## HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS/FREEZING HEAVY SNOW/SLEET
## 1 1
## HEAVY SNOW/WIND HEAVY SNOW/WINTER STORM
## 1 1
## HEAVY SNOWPACK Heavy surf and wind
## 1 1
## HEAVY SURF COASTAL FLOODING HEAVY SWELLS
## 1 1
## HEAVY WET SNOW HIGH
## 1 1
## HIGH SWELLS HIGH WINDS
## 1 1
## HIGH SURF ADVISORIES HIGH WIND 48
## 1 1
## HIGH WIND 63 HIGH WIND 70
## 1 1
## HIGH WIND AND HEAVY SNOW HIGH WIND AND SEAS
## 1 1
## HIGH WIND/ BLIZZARD HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD/FREEZING RA
## 1 1
## HIGH WIND/LOW WIND CHILL HIGH WIND/SEAS
## 1 1
## HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL/BLIZZARD
## 1 1
## HIGH WINDS 55 HIGH WINDS 57
## 1 1
## HIGH WINDS 58 HIGH WINDS 67
## 1 1
## HIGH WINDS 73 HIGH WINDS 76
## 1 1
## HIGH WINDS 82 HIGH WINDS AND WIND CHILL
## 1 1
## HIGH WINDS DUST STORM HIGH WINDS HEAVY RAINS
## 1 1
## HIGH WINDS/ HIGH WINDS/COASTAL FLOOD
## 1 1
## HIGH WINDS/FLOODING HIGH WINDS/HEAVY RAIN
## 1 1
## HIGHWAY FLOODING HOT PATTERN
## 1 1
## HOT WEATHER HOT/DRY PATTERN
## 1 1
## HURRICANE EMILY HURRICANE GORDON
## 1 1
## HURRICANE OPAL/HIGH WINDS HYPERTHERMIA/EXPOSURE
## 1 1
## HYPOTHERMIA ICE AND SNOW
## 1 1
## Ice jam flood (minor ICE ON ROAD
## 1 1
## ICE PELLETS ICE ROADS
## 1 1
## ICE STORM AND SNOW ICE STORM/FLASH FLOOD
## 1 1
## ICE/STRONG WINDS Icestorm/Blizzard
## 1 1
## LACK OF SNOW LAKE FLOOD
## 1 1
## LANDSLIDE/URBAN FLOOD Landslump
## 1 1
## LANDSLUMP LARGE WALL CLOUD
## 1 1
## Late-season Snowfall LATE FREEZE
## 1 1
## LATE SEASON HAIL LATE SEASON SNOW
## 1 1
## Light snow LIGHT SNOW/FREEZING PRECIP
## 1 1
## Light Snowfall LIGHTNING WAUSEON
## 1 1
## LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAIN LIGHTNING AND THUNDERSTORM WIN
## 1 1
## LIGHTNING AND WINDS LIGHTNING DAMAGE
## 1 1
## LIGHTNING FIRE LIGHTNING INJURY
## 1 1
## LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDSS
## 1 1
## LIGHTNING. LIGHTNING/HEAVY RAIN
## 1 1
## LIGNTNING LOCAL FLASH FLOOD
## 1 1
## LOCAL FLOOD LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN
## 1 1
## LOW TEMPERATURE RECORD LOW WIND CHILL
## 1 1
## Marine Accident Metro Storm, May 26
## 1 1
## Mild and Dry Pattern MILD PATTERN
## 1 1
## MILD/DRY PATTERN MINOR FLOOD
## 1 1
## Minor Flooding MODERATE SNOW
## 1 1
## Monthly Snowfall MONTHLY SNOWFALL
## 1 1
## Mountain Snows MUD SLIDES
## 1 1
## MUD SLIDES URBAN FLOODING MUD/ROCK SLIDE
## 1 1
## MUDSLIDE/LANDSLIDE NEAR RECORD SNOW
## 1 1
## No Severe Weather NON-SEVERE WIND DAMAGE
## 1 1
## NON-TSTM WIND NORTHERN LIGHTS
## 1 1
## PATCHY ICE PROLONG COLD/SNOW
## 1 1
## RAIN (HEAVY) RAIN AND WIND
## 1 1
## Rain Damage RAIN/WIND
## 1 1
## RAINSTORM RAPIDLY RISING WATER
## 1 1
## RECORD COLD RECORD COLD AND HIGH WIND
## 1 1
## Record dry month Record Heat
## 1 1
## RECORD HEAT WAVE RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES
## 1 1
## Record May Snow RECORD PRECIPITATION
## 1 1
## RECORD SNOW/COLD RECORD WARM
## 1 1
## RECORD WARM TEMPS. RECORD/EXCESSIVE RAINFALL
## 1 1
## RIP CURRENTS HEAVY SURF ROGUE WAVE
## 1 1
## Seasonal Snowfall SEVERE COLD
## 1 1
## SEVERE TURBULENCE SLEET & FREEZING RAIN
## 1 1
## SLEET/ICE STORM SLEET/RAIN/SNOW
## 1 1
## Small Hail SMALL STREAM
## 1 1
## SMALL STREAM AND SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOODIN
## 1 1
## SMALL STREAM URBAN FLOOD SNOW- HIGH WIND- WIND CHILL
## 1 1
## Snow Accumulation SNOW ACCUMULATION
## 1 1
## SNOW ADVISORY Snow and Ice
## 1 1
## SNOW AND ICE STORM Snow and sleet
## 1 1
## SNOW AND WIND SNOW SLEET
## 1 1
## Snow squalls SNOW/ BITTER COLD
## 1 1
## SNOW/ ICE SNOW/HEAVY SNOW
## 1 1
## SNOW/RAIN SNOW/RAIN/SLEET
## 1 1
## SNOW/SLEET/RAIN SNOW\\COLD
## 1 1
## SNOWFALL RECORD SNOWSTORM
## 1 1
## SOUTHEAST STORM FORCE WINDS
## 1 1
## STREAM FLOODING Strong winds
## 1 1
## Summary August 17 Summary August 2-3
## 1 1
## Summary August 21 Summary August 28
## 1 1
## Summary August 4 Summary August 7
## 1 1
## Summary August 9 Summary Jan 17
## 1 1
## Summary July 23-24 Summary June 18-19
## 1 1
## Summary June 5-6 Summary June 6
## 1 1
## Summary of April 13 Summary of April 27
## 1 1
## Summary of April 3rd Summary of August 1
## 1 1
## Summary of July 11 Summary of July 2
## 1 1
## Summary of July 22 Summary of July 26
## 1 1
## Summary of July 29 Summary of July 3
## 1 1
## Summary of June 10 Summary of June 11
## 1 1
## Summary of June 12 Summary of June 15
## 1 1
## Summary of June 16 Summary of June 18
## 1 1
## Summary of June 23 Summary of June 24
## 1 1
## Summary of June 30 Summary of June 4
## 1 1
## Summary of June 6 Summary of March 14
## 1 1
## Summary of March 24 SUMMARY OF MARCH 24-25
## 1 1
## SUMMARY OF MARCH 27 SUMMARY OF MARCH 29
## 1 1
## Summary of May 10 Summary of May 13
## 1 1
## Summary of May 14 Summary of May 22
## 1 1
## Summary of May 22 am Summary of May 22 pm
## 1 1
## Summary of May 26 am Summary of May 26 pm
## 1 1
## Summary of May 31 am Summary of May 31 pm
## 1 1
## Summary of May 9-10 Summary Sept. 25-26
## 1 1
## Summary September 20 Summary September 3
## 1 1
## Summary September 4 Summary: Nov. 6-7
## 1 1
## Summary: Oct. 20-21 Summary: October 31
## 1 1
## Summary: Sept. 18 THUNDERESTORM WINDS
## 1 1
## THUNDERSNOW Thundersnow shower
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE TO THUNDERSTORM HAIL
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM W INDS Thunderstorm Wind
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND (G40) THUNDERSTORM WIND 52
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND 56 THUNDERSTORM WIND 59
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH.
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND 65 MPH THUNDERSTORM WIND 65MPH
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND 69 THUNDERSTORM WIND 98 MPH
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND G51 THUNDERSTORM WIND G55
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND G61 THUNDERSTORM WIND TREES
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND. THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREE
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND/AWNING THUNDERSTORM WIND/HAIL
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND/LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS LE CEN
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS 13 THUNDERSTORM WINDS 2
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS 50 THUNDERSTORM WINDS 52
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS 53 THUNDERSTORM WINDS 60
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS 61 THUNDERSTORM WINDS 62
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS 63 MPH THUNDERSTORM WINDS G60
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS HEAVY RAIN THUNDERSTORM WINDS SMALL STREA
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS URBAN FLOOD THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ HAIL
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLASH FLOOD THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLOODING
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FUNNEL CLOU THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HEAVY RAIN
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS53 THUNDERSTORM WINDSHAIL
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINS THUNDERSTORMW
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTORMW 50 THUNDERSTORMWINDS
## 1 1
## THUNDERSTROM WIND THUNDERTSORM WIND
## 1 1
## THUNERSTORM WINDS TIDAL FLOOD
## 1 1
## TORNADO DEBRIS TORNADO/WATERSPOUT
## 1 1
## TORNADOES, TSTM WIND, HAIL TORNADOS
## 1 1
## TORNDAO TORRENTIAL RAIN
## 1 1
## Torrential Rainfall TROPICAL STORM ALBERTO
## 1 1
## TROPICAL STORM GORDON TSTM
## 1 1
## TSTM WIND (G45) TSTM WIND (41)
## 1 1
## TSTM WIND (G35) TSTM WIND 40
## 1 1
## TSTM WIND 45 TSTM WIND 50
## 1 1
## TSTM WIND 65) TSTM WIND AND LIGHTNING
## 1 1
## TSTM WIND DAMAGE TSTM WIND G45
## 1 1
## TSTM WIND G58 TSTM WND
## 1 1
## TSTMW TUNDERSTORM WIND
## 1 1
## Unseasonable Cold UNSEASONABLY WARM & WET
## 1 1
## UNUSUALLY LATE SNOW Urban flood
## 1 1
## Urban Flood URBAN FLOOD LANDSLIDE
## 1 1
## Urban Flooding URBAN SMALL
## 1 1
## URBAN/SMALL FLOODING URBAN/SMALL STRM FLDG
## 1 1
## URBAN/SML STREAM FLDG VERY WARM
## 1 1
## VOG Volcanic Ash
## 1 1
## Volcanic Ash Plume WALL CLOUD/FUNNEL CLOUD
## 1 1
## WARM DRY CONDITIONS WARM WEATHER
## 1 1
## WATER SPOUT WATERSPOUT FUNNEL CLOUD
## 1 1
## WATERSPOUT TORNADO WATERSPOUT/
## 1 1
## WAYTERSPOUT wet micoburst
## 1 1
## WET SNOW WET WEATHER
## 1 1
## WHIRLWIND WILD/FOREST FIRES
## 1 1
## WIND AND WAVE WIND CHILL/HIGH WIND
## 1 1
## WIND STORM WIND/HAIL
## 1 1
## WINTER STORM HIGH WINDS WINTER STORM/HIGH WIND
## 1 1
## WINTER STORM/HIGH WINDS Wintry Mix
## 1 1
## WND
## 1length(unique(storm$EVTYPE))## [1] 985After that, the data was cleaned using Storm Data Event Table from the National Weather Service Storm Data Documentation as a reference. The table mentions 48 event, therefore the data was classified accordingly. In case of presenting two event types, the most destructive one was considered. Therefore, the codes at the top have more priority to consider as a event type than below. The code is shown below. Additionally, a new class was added (NA/OTHERS) to classify unknown events.
## modify the data
# remove spaces and unify into uppercase
storm$EVTYPE <- trimws(storm$EVTYPE)
storm$EVTYPE <- toupper (storm$EVTYPE)
# codes at the top have more priority to consider as a event type than below
# BLIZZARD
storm$EVTYPE[grep("BLIZZARD", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "BLIZZARD"
# (EXTREME) COLD/WIND
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("COLD|CHILL", storm$EVTYPE) & !grepl("EXTREME", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "COLD/WIND CHILL"
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("LOW", storm$EVTYPE) & grepl("TEMP|RECORD", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "COLD/WIND CHILL"
storm$EVTYPE[grep("COOL", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "COLD/WIND CHILL"
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("COLD|CHILL", storm$EVTYPE) & grepl("EXTREME", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL"
# LIGHTNING
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("LIGHT", storm$EVTYPE)& !grepl("RAIN", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "LIGHTNING"
storm$EVTYPE[agrepl("LIGHT", storm$EVTYPE)& !grepl("RAIN", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "LIGHTNING"
# TORNADO
storm$EVTYPE[grep("TORNADO|GUSTN|TORNDAO", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "TORNADO"
storm$EVTYPE[agrep("TORNADO|GUSTN", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "TORNADO"
# THUNDERSTORM
storm$EVTYPE[grep("TSTM|THUNDER|DOWNBURST|MICROBURST|METRO STORM", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "THUNDERSTORM WIND"
storm$EVTYPE[agrep("TSTM|THUNDER|DOWNBURST", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "THUNDERSTORM WIND"
# FOG
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("FOG|VOG", storm$EVTYPE)& !grepl("FREEZE", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "DENSE FOG"
storm$EVTYPE[agrepl("FOG|VOG", storm$EVTYPE)& !grepl("FREEZE", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "DENSE FOG"
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("FOG", storm$EVTYPE)& grepl("FREEZE", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "FREEZE FOG"
# DENSE SMOKE
storm$EVTYPE[grep("SMOKE", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "DENSE SMOKE"
# (EXCESSIVE) HEAT
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("HEAT|WARM", storm$EVTYPE) & grepl("EXTREME|EXCESSIVE|ABNORM", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "EXCESSIVE HEAT"
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("HEAT|WARM|HOT|HYPERTHERMIA", storm$EVTYPE) & !grepl("EXCESSIVE", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "HEAT"
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("HIGH", storm$EVTYPE) & grepl("TEMP|RECORD|PREC", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "HEAT"
# WATERSPOUT
storm$EVTYPE[grep("SPOUT", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "WATERSPOUT"
# FLOOD
storm$EVTYPE[grep("COASTAL|EROS", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "COASTAL FLOOD"
storm$EVTYPE[grep("FLASH|URBAN", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "FLASH FLOOD"
storm$EVTYPE[grep("LAKE FLOOD", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "LAKESHORE FLOOD"
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("FLOOD|STEAM|STREAM|RISING|FLOYD|DAM|DROWN|\\bWATER\\b", storm$EVTYPE) & !grepl("FLASH|COASTAL|LAKESHORE", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "FLOOD"
storm$EVTYPE[agrepl("FLOOD|STEAM|STREAM|RISING|FLOYD|DAM", storm$EVTYPE) & !grepl("FLASH|COASTAL|LAKESHORE", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "FLOOD"
# HURRICANE/TYPHOON
storm$EVTYPE[grep("HURRICANE|TYPHOON", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "HURRICANE/TYPHOON"
# DROUGHT
storm$EVTYPE[grep("DROUGHT|DRY|DRIEST", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "DROUGHT"
# DUST
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("DUST", storm$EVTYPE) & grepl("STORM", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "DUST STORM"
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("DUST", storm$EVTYPE) & !grepl("STORM", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "DUST DEVIL"
# FROST/FREEZE
storm$EVTYPE[grep("FROST|FREEZ", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "FROST/FREEZE"
# FUNNEL CLOUD
storm$EVTYPE[grep("CLOUD|FUNNEL", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "FUNNEL CLOUD"
# MARINE
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("MARINE", storm$EVTYPE) & !grepl("WIND", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "MARINE HAIL"
# HAIL
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("HAIL", storm$EVTYPE) & !grepl("MARINE", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "HAIL"
# SNOW
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("SNOW", storm$EVTYPE) & grepl("LAKE", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "LAKE-EFFECT SNOW"
storm$EVTYPE[agrepl("SNOW|AVALA", storm$EVTYPE) & !grepl("LAKE", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "HEAVY SNOW"
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("SNOW|AVALA", storm$EVTYPE) & !grepl("LAKE", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "HEAVY SNOW"
# ICE STORM
storm$EVTYPE[grep("ICE|ICY|GLAZ", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "ICE STORM"
# HIGH SURF
storm$EVTYPE[grep("SURF|SEA|WAVE|SWELL", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "HIGH SURF"
# RAIN
storm$EVTYPE[grep("RAIN|WET|SHOWER|PRECIP", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "HEAVY RAIN"
# WIND
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("WIND|TURBULENCE", storm$EVTYPE)& !grepl("STORM|COLD|WINTER|MARINE|Strong", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "HIGH WIND"
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("WIND", storm$EVTYPE)& !grepl("THUNDERSTORM|COLD|WINTER|MARINE|HIGH", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "STRONG WIND"
# RIP CURRENT
storm$EVTYPE[grep("CURRENT", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "RIP CURRENT"
# SLEET
storm$EVTYPE[grep("SLEET", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "SLEET"
# STORM SURGE/TIDE
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("TIDE|SURGE", storm$EVTYPE)& !grepl("\\bLOW\\b", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "STORM SURGE/TIDE"
# TROPICAL STORM
storm$EVTYPE[grep("TROPICAL STORM", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "TROPICAL STORM"
# VOLCANIC ASH
storm$EVTYPE[grep("VOLCANIC", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "VOLCANIC ASH"
# WILDFIRE
storm$EVTYPE[grep("WILD|FIRE|RED", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "WILDFIRE"
# WINTER
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("WINTER", storm$EVTYPE)& grepl("STORM", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "WINTER STORM"
storm$EVTYPE[grepl("WINTER|WINT|WND|MIX", storm$EVTYPE)& !grepl("STORM", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "WINTER WEATHER"
# UNKNOWN Events
storm$EVTYPE[grep("SUMMARY|\\?|RECORD|ROCK|SLIDE|OTHER|\\bNA\\b|\\bNO\\b", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "NA/OTHERS"
storm$EVTYPE[grep("COUNTY|LAND|SOUTHEAST|^HIGH$|^EXCESSIVE$|MILD|MONTH|NONE", storm$EVTYPE)] <- "NA/OTHERS"
sort(table(storm$EVTYPE), decreasing = TRUE)##
## THUNDERSTORM WIND HAIL TORNADO
## 337027 288837 60707
## FLASH FLOOD HIGH WIND FLOOD
## 59504 26055 25817
## HEAVY SNOW LIGHTNING HEAVY RAIN
## 17161 15961 11966
## WINTER STORM WINTER WEATHER FUNNEL CLOUD
## 11439 8263 6992
## WILDFIRE WATERSPOUT BLIZZARD
## 4241 3851 2745
## DROUGHT ICE STORM EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL
## 2588 2174 1894
## DENSE FOG FROST/FREEZE EXCESSIVE HEAT
## 1883 1856 1721
## HEAT HIGH SURF COASTAL FLOOD
## 1287 1113 875
## COLD/WIND CHILL NA/OTHERS RIP CURRENT
## 865 859 774
## TROPICAL STORM LAKE-EFFECT SNOW STORM SURGE/TIDE
## 697 684 516
## MARINE HAIL DUST STORM HURRICANE/TYPHOON
## 445 430 299
## ASTRONOMICAL LOW TIDE DUST DEVIL MARINE HIGH WIND
## 174 158 135
## SLEET TROPICAL DEPRESSION MARINE STRONG WIND
## 71 60 48
## VOLCANIC ASH LAKESHORE FLOOD DENSE SMOKE
## 29 24 21
## SEICHE TSUNAMI STRONG WIND
## 21 20 10length(unique(storm$EVTYPE))## [1] 45Results
- Across the United States, which types of events are most harmful with respect to population health?
According the data, population health is represented by injuries and deaths. The data was split based on the storm type and the sum the total numbers of both aspects was calculated. The results for the top 5 storm types for each category are shown in the form of bar plots.
# Injuries
inj <- aggregate(INJURIES ~ EVTYPE, data = storm, FUN = sum)
inj<- inj[order(inj$INJURIES, decreasing = TRUE), ]
top.inj <- inj[1:5, ]
# Fatalities
death <- aggregate(FATALITIES ~ EVTYPE, data = storm, FUN = sum)
death <- death[order(death$FATALITIES , decreasing = TRUE), ]
top.dd <- death[1:5, ]
#draw plots
par(mfrow= c(1,2))
barplot(top.inj$INJURIES, names.arg = top.inj$EVTYPE,
main = "Number of Injuries Per Storm Type", xlab = "Event",
ylab = "Number of Injuries", col= "blue", las = 2)
barplot(top.dd$FATALITIES, names.arg = top.dd$EVTYPE,
main = "Number of Death Per Storm Type", xlab = "Event",
ylab = "Number of Death", ylim = c(0,6000),col= "blue", las = 2)
- Across the United States, which types of events have the greatest economic consequences?
Economic consequences were measured through estimated property and crop damage. The data was split based on the storm type and the total numbers of costs after unify the units was calculated. Then bar plots were drawn.
# Property Damage Estimates
storm$PROPDMGEXP <- toupper(storm$PROPDMGEXP)
storm$PROP <- ifelse(storm$PROPDMGEXP == "K", 1e3,
ifelse(storm$PROPDMGEXP == "M", 1e6,
ifelse(storm$PROPDMGEXP == "B", 1e9, 1)))
storm$PROP2 <- storm$PROPDMG * storm$PROP
pde <- aggregate(PROP2 ~ EVTYPE, data = storm, FUN = sum)
pde <- pde[order(pde$PROP2, decreasing = TRUE), ]
top.pde <- pde[1:5, ]
#Crop Damage Estimates
storm$CROPDMGEXP <- toupper(storm$CROPDMGEXP)
storm$crop <- ifelse(storm$CROPDMGEXP == "K", 1e3,
ifelse(storm$CROPDMGEXP == "M", 1e6,
ifelse(storm$CROPDMGEXP == "B", 1e9, 1)))
storm$crop2 <- storm$CROPDMG * storm$crop
cde <- aggregate(crop2 ~ EVTYPE, data = storm, FUN = sum)
cde <- cde[order(cde$crop2, decreasing = TRUE), ]
top.cde <- cde[1:5, ]
#draw plots
par(mfrow= c(1,2))
barplot(top.pde$PROP2, names.arg = top.pde$EVTYPE,
main = "Property Damage Estimates Per Storm Type", xlab = "Event",
ylab = "Property Damage Estimates", col= "blue", las = 2)
barplot(top.cde$crop2, names.arg = top.cde$EVTYPE,
main = "Crop Damage Estimates Per Storm Type", xlab = "Event",
ylab = "Crop Damage Estimates", col= "blue", las = 2)