| Participants | Slow Walking Speed N = 5121 |
Moderate Walking Speed N = 4921 |
Fast Walking Speed N = 5011 |
p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex Assigned at Birth | 0.14 | |||
| Male | 146 (29%) | 165 (34%) | 168 (34%) | |
| Female | 366 (71%) | 327 (66%) | 333 (66%) | |
| Age | <0.001 | |||
| 65-70 | 87 (17%) | 147 (30%) | 194 (39%) | |
| 71-75 | 132 (26%) | 159 (32%) | 168 (34%) | |
| 76-80 | 180 (35%) | 134 (27%) | 111 (22%) | |
| 81-85 | 81 (16%) | 40 (8.1%) | 23 (4.6%) | |
| Above 85 | 32 (6.3%) | 12 (2.4%) | 5 (1.0%) | |
| Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) | <0.001 | |||
| 1 - Very Fit | 22 (4.3%) | 48 (9.8%) | 152 (31%) | |
| 2 - Well | 215 (42%) | 340 (69%) | 285 (57%) | |
| 3 - Managing Well | 192 (38%) | 91 (19%) | 55 (11%) | |
| 4 - Vulnerable | 74 (15%) | 12 (2.4%) | 6 (1.2%) | |
| 5 - Mildly Frail | 6 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 6 - Moderately Frail | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 7 - Severely Frail | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 8 - Very Severely Frail | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 9 - Terminally Ill | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Falls in Past 12 Months | 0.046 | |||
| 0 Falls | 299 (58%) | 314 (64%) | 329 (66%) | |
| 1 Fall | 141 (28%) | 132 (27%) | 114 (23%) | |
| 2 or More Falls | 72 (14%) | 46 (9.3%) | 58 (12%) | |
| Household Income | <0.001 | |||
| <C$20,000 | 38 (7.4%) | 24 (4.9%) | 23 (4.6%) | |
| $C20,000-49,999 | 150 (29%) | 94 (19%) | 70 (14%) | |
| $C50,000-99,999 | 206 (40%) | 204 (41%) | 217 (43%) | |
| >$C100,000 | 86 (17%) | 140 (28%) | 168 (34%) | |
| Unsure | 9 (1.8%) | 6 (1.2%) | 8 (1.6%) | |
| Prefer Not to Answer | 23 (4.5%) | 24 (4.9%) | 15 (3.0%) | |
| Education Level | 0.023 | |||
| Secondary School Incomplete | 26 (5.1%) | 16 (3.3%) | 8 (1.6%) | |
| Secondary School Completed | 55 (11%) | 49 (10.0%) | 44 (8.8%) | |
| Some Post-Secondary Education | 63 (12%) | 52 (11%) | 47 (9.4%) | |
| Post-Secondary Diploma | 368 (72%) | 375 (76%) | 402 (80%) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.2 | |||
| White/Caucasian | 440 (86%) | 423 (86%) | 451 (90%) | |
| Asian | 52 (10%) | 44 (8.9%) | 40 (8.0%) | |
| Other / Unknown | 10 (2.0%) | 17 (3.5%) | 6 (1.2%) | |
| Multiracial / Multiple Ethnicities | 5 (1.0%) | 5 (1.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| Black | 5 (1.0%) | 3 (0.6%) | 3 (0.6%) | |
| Employment Status | 0.017 | |||
| Retired | 345 (93%) | 336 (92%) | 312 (86%) | |
| Working Part-Time | 12 (3.2%) | 20 (5.4%) | 25 (6.9%) | |
| Working Full-Time | 5 (1.4%) | 8 (2.2%) | 16 (4.4%) | |
| Other / Prefer not to answer | 8 (2.2%) | 3 (0.8%) | 8 (2.2%) | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m^2) | <0.001 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 10 (2.0%) | 15 (3.1%) | 8 (1.6%) | |
| Healthy Weight (18.5-25) | 176 (34%) | 207 (42%) | 249 (50%) | |
| Overweight (25-30) | 196 (38%) | 183 (37%) | 185 (37%) | |
| Obesity (>30) | 129 (25%) | 86 (18%) | 59 (12%) | |
| Self Identified Polypharmacy | 135 (26%) | 76 (15%) | 47 (9.4%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic Health Conditions | ||||
| Other | 425 (83%) | 390 (79%) | 374 (75%) | 0.005 |
| Musculoskeletal | 344 (67%) | 279 (57%) | 255 (51%) | <0.001 |
| Vision | 304 (59%) | 244 (50%) | 195 (39%) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac/Cardiovascular | 244 (48%) | 198 (40%) | 165 (33%) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory | 90 (18%) | 73 (15%) | 67 (13%) | 0.2 |
| Gastrointestinal | 77 (15%) | 32 (6.5%) | 26 (5.2%) | <0.001 |
| Neurological | 64 (13%) | 41 (8.3%) | 24 (4.8%) | <0.001 |
| 1 n (%) | ||||
| 2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test with simulated p-value (based on 2000 replicates) | ||||