Final Project

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library(tidyverse)

## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr     1.2.0     ✔ readr     2.1.6
## ✔ forcats   1.0.1     ✔ stringr   1.6.0
## ✔ ggplot2   4.0.2     ✔ tibble    3.3.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.5     ✔ tidyr     1.3.2
## ✔ purrr     1.2.1     
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors

library(openintro)

## Loading required package: airports
## Loading required package: cherryblossom
## Loading required package: usdata

data(ncbirths)
births_clean <- ncbirths %>%
  select(habit, lowbirthweight)

Including Plots

births_clean <- births_clean %>%
  filter(!is.na(habit), !is.na(lowbirthweight))

birth_table <- births_clean %>%
  group_by(habit, lowbirthweight) %>%
  summarise(count = n(), .groups = "drop")

birth_table_matrix <- table(births_clean$habit, births_clean$lowbirthweight)
birth_table_matrix

##            
##             low not low
##   nonsmoker  92     781
##   smoker     18     108

##Null Hypothesis = no association between a mother that smokes vs a baby’s low weight at birth

##Alternative hypothesis = There is a connection between a mother that smokes and a baby’s low weight at birth

birth_table_matrix <- table(births_clean$habit,
                            births_clean$lowbirthweight)
chi_test <- chisq.test(birth_table_matrix)
chi_test$expected

##            
##                  low  not low
##   nonsmoker 96.12613 776.8739
##   smoker    13.87387 112.1261

ggplot(births_clean,
       aes(x = habit,
           fill = lowbirthweight))+
  geom_bar(position = "Dodge")+
  labs(title = "Smoking Status and Low Birth Weight",
       x = "Smoking Status",
       y = "Count",
       fill = "Low Birth Weight")

chi_test

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  birth_table_matrix
## X-squared = 1.2187, df = 1, p-value = 0.2696