Análisis de red - COVID 19

Se presetan los siguientes resultados acorde al análisis de red

Cargue base de datos

Se carga la base de datos, recodificando los respectivos datos perdidos, se seleccionan las variables de trabajo

revisando la informatividad de los ítems mediante estadísticas descriptivas

## Source of stress, mean= 1.96 SD= 1.17 Skew=  0.14 Kurtosis=  2.3 
##  Perceived stress, mean= 2.18 SD= 0.86 Skew=  0 Kurtosis= 3.35 
##  Resilience, mean= 3.11 SD= 0.9 Skew= -1.19 Kurtosis= 4.98 
##  PHQ, mean= 0.74 SD= 0.86 Skew= 1.05 Kurtosis= 3.42
##       vars   n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis   se
## CE       1 148 2.60 0.99      3    2.62 1.48   1   4     3 -0.07    -1.05 0.08
## R1       2 148 3.34 0.81      4    3.48 0.00   0   4     4 -1.31     1.86 0.07
## R2       3 148 3.31 0.78      3    3.43 1.48   0   4     4 -1.45     3.27 0.06
## R3       4 148 2.74 0.97      3    2.81 1.48   0   4     4 -0.41    -0.25 0.08
## R4       5 148 2.84 1.05      3    2.96 1.48   0   4     4 -0.75     0.17 0.09
## R5       6 148 3.50 0.81      4    3.67 0.00   0   4     4 -2.12     5.43 0.07
## R6       7 148 3.42 0.84      4    3.58 0.00   0   4     4 -1.86     4.15 0.07
## R7       8 148 3.01 0.92      3    3.11 1.48   0   4     4 -1.05     1.34 0.08
## R8       9 148 2.74 1.03      3    2.82 1.48   0   4     4 -0.40    -0.53 0.08
## R9      10 148 3.23 0.90      3    3.37 1.48   0   4     4 -1.47     2.69 0.07
## R10     11 148 2.93 0.93      3    3.02 1.48   0   4     4 -0.92     0.99 0.08
## PS1     12 148 1.93 0.82      2    1.87 1.48   0   4     4  0.51    -0.09 0.07
## PS2     13 148 1.38 0.91      1    1.31 0.00   0   4     4  0.88     0.81 0.07
## PS3     14 148 2.13 0.91      2    2.12 1.48   0   4     4  0.01    -0.16 0.08
## PS4     15 148 3.04 0.77      3    3.11 0.00   0   4     4 -0.86     1.33 0.06
## PS5     16 148 2.88 0.84      3    2.93 0.74   0   4     4 -0.59     0.25 0.07
## PS6     17 148 1.57 0.93      1    1.55 1.48   0   4     4  0.48    -0.21 0.08
## PS7     18 148 2.84 0.79      3    2.87 0.00   0   4     4 -0.63     1.07 0.06
## PS8     19 148 2.67 0.80      3    2.71 0.00   0   4     4 -0.59     0.29 0.07
## PS9     20 148 1.99 0.89      2    1.96 1.48   0   4     4  0.20    -0.30 0.07
## PS10    21 148 1.37 0.92      1    1.32 1.48   0   4     4  0.56     0.08 0.08
## SS1     22 147 2.29 1.10      2    2.28 1.48   0   4     4 -0.02    -0.93 0.09
## SS2     23 146 1.90 1.06      2    1.92 1.48   0   4     4 -0.01    -0.83 0.09
## SS3     24 148 2.42 1.18      3    2.46 1.48   0   4     4 -0.23    -1.00 0.10
## SS4     25 148 2.69 1.17      3    2.78 1.48   0   4     4 -0.51    -0.73 0.10
## SS5     26 148 1.71 1.17      2    1.66 1.48   0   4     4  0.30    -0.81 0.10
## SS6     27 147 1.86 1.26      2    1.82 1.48   0   4     4  0.14    -1.06 0.10
## SS7     28 148 0.85 1.28      0    0.62 0.00   0   4     4  1.26     0.27 0.11
## PHQ1    29 148 0.91 0.89      1    0.80 1.48   0   3     3  0.81    -0.03 0.07
## PHQ2    30 148 0.67 0.90      0    0.51 0.00   0   3     3  1.25     0.65 0.07
## PHQ3    31 148 0.68 0.84      0    0.55 0.00   0   3     3  1.12     0.56 0.07
## PHQ4    32 148 0.72 0.83      1    0.60 1.48   0   3     3  0.99     0.33 0.07
## MD      33 148 3.67 2.56      3    3.54 2.97   0  10    10  0.36    -0.89 0.21
## Dep     34 147 1.94 0.24      2    2.00 0.00   1   2     1 -3.62    11.20 0.02
## Covid   35 148 1.78 0.42      2    1.84 0.00   1   2     1 -1.32    -0.27 0.03

Todos los ítems apotan información siguiendo los mínimos propuestos en la literatura.

Graficación de la red

library(ggplot2)
library(bootnet)
library(networktools)

RED3 <- RED3 %>%
  mutate(
    # Recodificación de ítems invertidos (escala 0-4)
    PS4_r = 4 - PS4,
    PS5_r = 4 - PS5,
    PS7_r = 4 - PS7,
    PS8_r = 4 - PS8,
    # Sumas
    R = rowSums(select(., R1:R10), na.rm = TRUE),
    PHQA = rowSums(cbind(PHQ1, PHQ2), na.rm = TRUE),
    PHQD = rowSums(cbind(PHQ3, PHQ4), na.rm = TRUE),
    PS = rowSums(cbind(PS1, PS2, PS3, PS4_r, PS5_r, PS6, PS7_r, PS8_r, PS9, PS10), na.rm = TRUE),
    PHQT = rowSums(cbind(PHQA, PHQD), na.rm = TRUE),
  )

RED3 <- RED3 %>%
  mutate(
    Dd = ifelse(Dep== 2, 0, Dep)
  )


RED4 <- RED3 %>% select(R, PS, PHQA, PHQD, Dd)


library(bootnet)
library(qgraph)
library(networktools)

Network2 <- estimateNetwork(
 RED4,
  default    = "EBICglasso",
  weighted   = TRUE,
  corMethod  = "spearman" #threshold  = TRUE
)



plot(Network2, label.cex=.60, label.scale=F,vsize = 6, esize = 15, details = F,   palette="pastel", vTrans = 230, usePCH=FALSE, edge.width = 1, loop = 1, node.width = 0.8, border.width = 2, legend.mode = "groups", legend.cex = 0.5,
     GLratio = 5)

describe(RED3)
##       vars   n  mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis   se
## CE       1 148  2.60 0.99      3    2.62 1.48   1   4     3 -0.07    -1.05 0.08
## R1       2 148  3.34 0.81      4    3.48 0.00   0   4     4 -1.31     1.86 0.07
## R2       3 148  3.31 0.78      3    3.43 1.48   0   4     4 -1.45     3.27 0.06
## R3       4 148  2.74 0.97      3    2.81 1.48   0   4     4 -0.41    -0.25 0.08
## R4       5 148  2.84 1.05      3    2.96 1.48   0   4     4 -0.75     0.17 0.09
## R5       6 148  3.50 0.81      4    3.67 0.00   0   4     4 -2.12     5.43 0.07
## R6       7 148  3.42 0.84      4    3.58 0.00   0   4     4 -1.86     4.15 0.07
## R7       8 148  3.01 0.92      3    3.11 1.48   0   4     4 -1.05     1.34 0.08
## R8       9 148  2.74 1.03      3    2.82 1.48   0   4     4 -0.40    -0.53 0.08
## R9      10 148  3.23 0.90      3    3.37 1.48   0   4     4 -1.47     2.69 0.07
## R10     11 148  2.93 0.93      3    3.02 1.48   0   4     4 -0.92     0.99 0.08
## PS1     12 148  1.93 0.82      2    1.87 1.48   0   4     4  0.51    -0.09 0.07
## PS2     13 148  1.38 0.91      1    1.31 0.00   0   4     4  0.88     0.81 0.07
## PS3     14 148  2.13 0.91      2    2.12 1.48   0   4     4  0.01    -0.16 0.08
## PS4     15 148  3.04 0.77      3    3.11 0.00   0   4     4 -0.86     1.33 0.06
## PS5     16 148  2.88 0.84      3    2.93 0.74   0   4     4 -0.59     0.25 0.07
## PS6     17 148  1.57 0.93      1    1.55 1.48   0   4     4  0.48    -0.21 0.08
## PS7     18 148  2.84 0.79      3    2.87 0.00   0   4     4 -0.63     1.07 0.06
## PS8     19 148  2.67 0.80      3    2.71 0.00   0   4     4 -0.59     0.29 0.07
## PS9     20 148  1.99 0.89      2    1.96 1.48   0   4     4  0.20    -0.30 0.07
## PS10    21 148  1.37 0.92      1    1.32 1.48   0   4     4  0.56     0.08 0.08
## SS1     22 147  2.29 1.10      2    2.28 1.48   0   4     4 -0.02    -0.93 0.09
## SS2     23 146  1.90 1.06      2    1.92 1.48   0   4     4 -0.01    -0.83 0.09
## SS3     24 148  2.42 1.18      3    2.46 1.48   0   4     4 -0.23    -1.00 0.10
## SS4     25 148  2.69 1.17      3    2.78 1.48   0   4     4 -0.51    -0.73 0.10
## SS5     26 148  1.71 1.17      2    1.66 1.48   0   4     4  0.30    -0.81 0.10
## SS6     27 147  1.86 1.26      2    1.82 1.48   0   4     4  0.14    -1.06 0.10
## SS7     28 148  0.85 1.28      0    0.62 0.00   0   4     4  1.26     0.27 0.11
## PHQ1    29 148  0.91 0.89      1    0.80 1.48   0   3     3  0.81    -0.03 0.07
## PHQ2    30 148  0.67 0.90      0    0.51 0.00   0   3     3  1.25     0.65 0.07
## PHQ3    31 148  0.68 0.84      0    0.55 0.00   0   3     3  1.12     0.56 0.07
## PHQ4    32 148  0.72 0.83      1    0.60 1.48   0   3     3  0.99     0.33 0.07
## MD      33 148  3.67 2.56      3    3.54 2.97   0  10    10  0.36    -0.89 0.21
## Dep     34 147  1.94 0.24      2    2.00 0.00   1   2     1 -3.62    11.20 0.02
## Covid   35 148  1.78 0.42      2    1.84 0.00   1   2     1 -1.32    -0.27 0.03
## PS4_r   36 148  0.96 0.77      1    0.89 0.00   0   4     4  0.86     1.33 0.06
## PS5_r   37 148  1.12 0.84      1    1.07 0.74   0   4     4  0.59     0.25 0.07
## PS7_r   38 148  1.16 0.79      1    1.13 0.00   0   4     4  0.63     1.07 0.06
## PS8_r   39 148  1.33 0.80      1    1.29 0.00   0   4     4  0.59     0.29 0.07
## R       40 148 31.07 6.75     32   31.78 5.93   0  40    40 -1.51     3.96 0.55
## PHQA    41 148  1.58 1.65      1    1.34 1.48   0   6     6  1.10     0.53 0.14
## PHQD    42 148  1.40 1.56      1    1.17 1.48   0   6     6  1.09     0.61 0.13
## PS      43 148 14.93 5.84     14   14.67 5.93   3  34    31  0.49     0.16 0.48
## PHQT    44 148  2.98 2.99      2    2.54 2.97   0  12    12  1.15     0.69 0.25
## Dd      45 147  0.06 0.24      0    0.00 0.00   0   1     1  3.62    11.20 0.02
lapply(RED3[,40:45], shapiro.test)
## $R
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  X[[i]]
## W = 0.88843, p-value = 3.702e-09
## 
## 
## $PHQA
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  X[[i]]
## W = 0.83832, p-value = 1.773e-11
## 
## 
## $PHQD
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  X[[i]]
## W = 0.82042, p-value = 3.446e-12
## 
## 
## $PS
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  X[[i]]
## W = 0.98059, p-value = 0.03445
## 
## 
## $PHQT
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  X[[i]]
## W = 0.862, p-value = 1.886e-10
## 
## 
## $Dd
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  X[[i]]
## W = 0.2551, p-value < 2.2e-16

Red clusterizada

Al codificar los datos pérdidos correctamente, la distribución de la red cambió drásticamente.

Groups <- c("R","PS", rep("PHQ",2), "Dd")
plot(Network2, 
     groups = Groups, palette      = "pastel",
     filetype     = "png",
     filename     = "network_plot",
     width        = 10,
     height       = 10,
     res = 300,
     label.cex    = 1.5,
     label.scale  = FALSE,
     vsize        = 8,
     esize        = 17,
     edge.width   = 1.5,
     node.width   = 1,
     posCol       = "#228B22",   
     negCol       = "#FF0000",   
     vTrans       = 200,
     border.width = 2.5,
     usePCH       = FALSE,
     legend.mode  = "groups",
     legend.cex   = 1.5,
     GLratio      = 6,
     loop         = 1,
     details      = FALSE,
     layout       = "spring")
plot(Network2, 
     groups = Groups, palette      = "pastel",
     label.cex    = 1.5,
     label.scale  = FALSE,
     vsize        = 8,
     esize        = 17,
     edge.width   = 1.5,
     node.width   = 1,
     posCol       = "#228B22",   
     negCol       = "#FF0000",   
     vTrans       = 200,
     border.width = 2.5,
     usePCH       = FALSE,
     legend.mode  = "groups",
     legend.cex   = 1.5,
     GLratio      = 6,
     loop         = 1,
     details      = FALSE,
     layout       = "spring")

Estimando medidas de precisión - centralidad

library("qgraph")

p<-centralityPlot(Network2, scale = c("z-scores"), 
               include = c("Strength", "Closeness", "Betweenness", "ExpectedInfluence"), theme_bw = TRUE, print = TRUE, verbose = TRUE, weighted = TRUE, decreasing = T)

ggplot2::ggsave(
  "centrality_plot.png",
  plot = p,
  width = 10,
  height = 8
)
p

Centralidad

Estabilidad de la red - Medidas de precisión

  1. Estabilidad de la red
  2. ICs de las ponderaciones
  3. Diferencias entre los pesos de los nodos

Estas mediciones pemiten saber si las diferencias encontradas en el análisis de las medidas de centralidad realmente son comparables.

Estabilidad de la red

set.seed(2026)
CentralStability <- bootnet(Network2, nCores = 4, nBoots = 1000, type = "case", statistics = c("strength", "closeness", "betweenness", "expectedInfluence"))
corStability(CentralStability)
## === Correlation Stability Analysis === 
## 
## Sampling levels tested:
##    nPerson Drop%   n
## 1       37  75.0 100
## 2       49  66.9  84
## 3       60  59.5  95
## 4       72  51.4 110
## 5       83  43.9 100
## 6       95  35.8 108
## 7      106  28.4 104
## 8      118  20.3 109
## 9      129  12.8  91
## 10     141   4.7  99
## 
## Maximum drop proportions to retain correlation of 0.7 in at least 95% of the samples:
## 
## betweenness: 0.358 
##   - For more accuracy, run bootnet(..., caseMin = 0.284, caseMax = 0.439) 
## 
## closeness: 0.669 
##   - For more accuracy, run bootnet(..., caseMin = 0.595, caseMax = 0.75) 
## 
## expectedInfluence: 0.669 
##   - For more accuracy, run bootnet(..., caseMin = 0.595, caseMax = 0.75) 
## 
## strength: 0.669 
##   - For more accuracy, run bootnet(..., caseMin = 0.595, caseMax = 0.75) 
## 
## Accuracy can also be increased by increasing both 'nBoots' and 'caseN'.
plot(CentralStability, statistics= c("strength","closeness","betweenness", "expectedInfluence"))

dev.new()

plot(CentralStability,
     statistics = c("strength", "closeness", "betweenness", "expectedInfluence"))

dev.copy(png, "central_stability.png",width = 3000, height = 2400, res = 500)
## png 
##   4
dev.off()
## png 
##   2

La estabilidad de la red es muy baja, el punto de corte de la correlación debe ser 0.70, después del remuestreo del 85% ninguna medida consigue ese umbral. Se puede deber al pequeño tamaño muestral.

CI pesos o ponderaciones entre nodos

En este caso como se aplicó un método de penalización se presentan las ponderaciones o pesos de las relaciones entre los nodos

EdgeWgt<- bootnet(Network2, nBoots = 1000, nCores = 4)
B <- summary(EdgeWgt)
library(openxlsx)
write.xlsx(B, "EdgeWeights.xlsx")
library(kableExtra)
kable(B, "html") %>%
 kable_styling(full_width = FALSE, bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed"))
type id node1 node2 sample mean sd CIlower CIupper q2.5 q97.5 q2.5_non0 mean_non0 q97.5_non0 var_non0 sd_non0 prop0
edge PHQA–Dd PHQA Dd 0.0000000 0.0083929 0.0262756 -0.0525511 0.0525511 0.0000000 0.0721815 -0.1214327 0.0283543 0.1003014 0.0017701 0.0420726 0.704
edge PHQA–PHQD PHQA PHQD 0.3586551 0.3544301 0.0796176 0.1994200 0.5178903 0.2055575 0.5074810 0.2055575 0.3544301 0.5074810 0.0063390 0.0796176 0.000
edge PHQD–Dd PHQD Dd 0.1871931 0.1797134 0.0509468 0.0852995 0.2890868 0.0810349 0.2782474 0.0811724 0.1798933 0.2783064 0.0025658 0.0506536 0.001
edge PS–Dd PS Dd 0.0572379 0.0670055 0.0543432 -0.0514484 0.1659242 0.0000000 0.1954095 0.0073796 0.0793903 0.2020731 0.0025153 0.0501524 0.156
edge PS–PHQA PS PHQA 0.3078669 0.3089989 0.0634432 0.1809806 0.4347532 0.1776779 0.4325152 0.1776779 0.3089989 0.4325152 0.0040250 0.0634432 0.000
edge PS–PHQD PS PHQD 0.3662954 0.3609275 0.0744050 0.2174854 0.5151054 0.2128951 0.4989610 0.2128951 0.3609275 0.4989610 0.0055361 0.0744050 0.000
edge R–Dd R Dd 0.0000000 0.0222557 0.0671108 -0.1342216 0.1342216 -0.0712516 0.1983828 -0.1039240 0.0656511 0.2586502 0.0104543 0.1022464 0.661
edge R–PHQA R PHQA -0.1243392 -0.1172044 0.0737969 -0.2719330 0.0232545 -0.2618743 0.0000000 -0.2633905 -0.1292220 -0.0176121 0.0044503 0.0667109 0.093
edge R–PHQD R PHQD -0.0297674 -0.0466931 0.0511711 -0.1321095 0.0725747 -0.1664137 0.0000000 -0.1773554 -0.0692776 -0.0032687 0.0023199 0.0481657 0.326
edge R–PS R PS -0.3769716 -0.3746776 0.0646336 -0.5062388 -0.2477045 -0.4929840 -0.2433474 -0.4929840 -0.3746776 -0.2433474 0.0041775 0.0646336 0.000
strength Dd Dd 0.2444310 0.2940443 0.1152654 0.0139003 0.4749618 0.1403310 0.6127137 0.1413055 0.2943387 0.6127472 0.0132127 0.1149465 0.001
strength PHQA PHQA 0.7908612 0.7929025 0.0814560 0.6279492 0.9537732 0.6485684 0.9721893 0.6485684 0.7929025 0.9721893 0.0066351 0.0814560 0.000
strength PHQD PHQD 0.9419110 0.9424642 0.0835964 0.7747182 1.1091039 0.7768520 1.1030018 0.7768520 0.9424642 1.1030018 0.0069884 0.0835964 0.000
strength PS PS 1.1083718 1.1117597 0.0911248 0.9261221 1.2906215 0.9432889 1.2942867 0.9432889 1.1117597 1.2942867 0.0083037 0.0911248 0.000
strength R R 0.5310783 0.5741813 0.1119661 0.3071460 0.7550105 0.3901286 0.8466610 0.3901286 0.5741813 0.8466610 0.0125364 0.1119661 0.000
EdgeWgt2 <- bootnet(Network2, 
                    nBoots = 1000, 
                    nCores = 4,
                    statistics = c("strength", "expectedInfluence", 
                                   "closeness", "betweenness"))
C <- summary(EdgeWgt)
kable(C, "html") %>%
 kable_styling(full_width = FALSE, bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed"))
type id node1 node2 sample mean sd CIlower CIupper q2.5 q97.5 q2.5_non0 mean_non0 q97.5_non0 var_non0 sd_non0 prop0
edge PHQA–Dd PHQA Dd 0.0000000 0.0083929 0.0262756 -0.0525511 0.0525511 0.0000000 0.0721815 -0.1214327 0.0283543 0.1003014 0.0017701 0.0420726 0.704
edge PHQA–PHQD PHQA PHQD 0.3586551 0.3544301 0.0796176 0.1994200 0.5178903 0.2055575 0.5074810 0.2055575 0.3544301 0.5074810 0.0063390 0.0796176 0.000
edge PHQD–Dd PHQD Dd 0.1871931 0.1797134 0.0509468 0.0852995 0.2890868 0.0810349 0.2782474 0.0811724 0.1798933 0.2783064 0.0025658 0.0506536 0.001
edge PS–Dd PS Dd 0.0572379 0.0670055 0.0543432 -0.0514484 0.1659242 0.0000000 0.1954095 0.0073796 0.0793903 0.2020731 0.0025153 0.0501524 0.156
edge PS–PHQA PS PHQA 0.3078669 0.3089989 0.0634432 0.1809806 0.4347532 0.1776779 0.4325152 0.1776779 0.3089989 0.4325152 0.0040250 0.0634432 0.000
edge PS–PHQD PS PHQD 0.3662954 0.3609275 0.0744050 0.2174854 0.5151054 0.2128951 0.4989610 0.2128951 0.3609275 0.4989610 0.0055361 0.0744050 0.000
edge R–Dd R Dd 0.0000000 0.0222557 0.0671108 -0.1342216 0.1342216 -0.0712516 0.1983828 -0.1039240 0.0656511 0.2586502 0.0104543 0.1022464 0.661
edge R–PHQA R PHQA -0.1243392 -0.1172044 0.0737969 -0.2719330 0.0232545 -0.2618743 0.0000000 -0.2633905 -0.1292220 -0.0176121 0.0044503 0.0667109 0.093
edge R–PHQD R PHQD -0.0297674 -0.0466931 0.0511711 -0.1321095 0.0725747 -0.1664137 0.0000000 -0.1773554 -0.0692776 -0.0032687 0.0023199 0.0481657 0.326
edge R–PS R PS -0.3769716 -0.3746776 0.0646336 -0.5062388 -0.2477045 -0.4929840 -0.2433474 -0.4929840 -0.3746776 -0.2433474 0.0041775 0.0646336 0.000
strength Dd Dd 0.2444310 0.2940443 0.1152654 0.0139003 0.4749618 0.1403310 0.6127137 0.1413055 0.2943387 0.6127472 0.0132127 0.1149465 0.001
strength PHQA PHQA 0.7908612 0.7929025 0.0814560 0.6279492 0.9537732 0.6485684 0.9721893 0.6485684 0.7929025 0.9721893 0.0066351 0.0814560 0.000
strength PHQD PHQD 0.9419110 0.9424642 0.0835964 0.7747182 1.1091039 0.7768520 1.1030018 0.7768520 0.9424642 1.1030018 0.0069884 0.0835964 0.000
strength PS PS 1.1083718 1.1117597 0.0911248 0.9261221 1.2906215 0.9432889 1.2942867 0.9432889 1.1117597 1.2942867 0.0083037 0.0911248 0.000
strength R R 0.5310783 0.5741813 0.1119661 0.3071460 0.7550105 0.3901286 0.8466610 0.3901286 0.5741813 0.8466610 0.0125364 0.1119661 0.000

Grafico ICs

plot(EdgeWgt2, "expectedInfluence")

plot(EdgeWgt, labels = T, order = "sample", bootlwd = 0.5, samplelwd = 3, CIstyle = "quantiles", meanColor = "#FA8072")

dev.new()

plot(EdgeWgt, labels = T, order = "sample", bootlwd = 0.5, samplelwd = 3, CIstyle = "quantiles", meanColor = "#FA8072")

dev.copy(png, "bootstrap.png",width = 3000, height = 2400, res = 500)
## png 
##   5
dev.off()
## png 
##   2

El anterior gráfico muestra la media de las ponderaciones de la muestra original y una remuestreada. Acorde al gráfico y a los resultados anteriores, ninguno de los intervalos de confianza de las ponderaciones incluye el cero, se puede tener la seguridad de las ponderaciones son estadísticamente significativas entre sí, no necesariamente de la correlación como sucedía con pruebas anteriores.

Detectando diferencias significativas entre nodos y fuerza

Fuerza

plot(EdgeWgt, "strength")

Se encontraron diferencias significativas en muchos de los nodos.

Diferencia entre los nodos

dev.new()

plot(EdgeWgt, "strength")

dev.copy(png, "strength.png",width = 3000, height = 2400, res = 500)
## png 
##   6
dev.off()
## png 
##   2
plot(EdgeWgt, "edge", plot = "difference", onlyNonZero = TRUE, order = "sample")