Progrmación de SIG en R Studio
Mtro. Said Beltran
2026-01-01
1 Progrmación de SIG en R Studio
1.1 Descripción
El objetivo es que el estudiante no solo replique el código, sino que comprenda el papel de cada comando en la construcción de un mapa y su utilidad para el análisis espacial aplicado a la economía.
2 Preparar el ambiente de trabajo
2.1 Limpiar el entorno
# Borra todos los objetos del entorno
rm(list = ls())
# Libera memoria
gc()## used (Mb) gc trigger (Mb) max used (Mb)
## Ncells 531154 28.4 1187390 63.5 660385 35.3
## Vcells 966735 7.4 8388608 64.0 1769426 13.5# Muestra en qué carpeta estás trabajando
getwd()## [1] "C:/Users/brand/iCloudDrive/DESK2025SAID/CLASES 20262/LABORATORIO 8/practica12EXAMEN"#Ubicar carpeta en la pestaña de Session > Set working > Choose3 Instalar y cargar paqueterías
3.1 Instalar paqueterías
install.packages(c("sf", "ggplot2", "ggspatial", "dplyr", "jpeg", "cowplot", "prettymapr", "raster"))3.2 Cargar paqueterías
library(sf)## Warning: package 'sf' was built under R version 4.3.3## Linking to GEOS 3.11.2, GDAL 3.8.2, PROJ 9.3.1; sf_use_s2() is TRUElibrary(ggplot2)
library(ggspatial)
library(dplyr)## Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.3.3##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionlibrary(jpeg)## Warning: package 'jpeg' was built under R version 4.3.3library(cowplot)
library(prettymapr)## Warning: package 'prettymapr' was built under R version 4.3.3library(raster)## Warning: package 'raster' was built under R version 4.3.3## Loading required package: sp## Warning: package 'sp' was built under R version 4.3.3##
## Attaching package: 'raster'## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## select4 Cargar archivo shapefile
4.1 cargar shp
michoacan <- st_read("MICHMUN.shp", quiet = TRUE)
michoacan## Simple feature collection with 113 features and 4 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension: XY
## Bounding box: xmin: 2317015 ymin: 658225.4 xmax: 2702183 ymax: 932180.3
## Projected CRS: MEXICO_ITRF_2008_LCC
## First 10 features:
## CVEGEO CVE_ENT CVE_MUN NOMGEO geometry
## 1 16078 16 078 Santa Ana Maya MULTIPOLYGON (((2599874 899...
## 2 16079 16 079 Salvador Escalante MULTIPOLYGON (((2523311 833...
## 3 16080 16 080 Senguio MULTIPOLYGON (((2678579 871...
## 4 16081 16 081 Susupuato MULTIPOLYGON (((2671282 814...
## 5 16082 16 082 Tacámbaro MULTIPOLYGON (((2564764 824...
## 6 16083 16 083 Tancítaro MULTIPOLYGON (((2465103 837...
## 7 16013 16 013 Carácuaro MULTIPOLYGON (((2598735 799...
## 8 16012 16 012 Buenavista MULTIPOLYGON (((2441049 826...
## 9 16099 16 099 Tuzantla MULTIPOLYGON (((2646257 827...
## 10 16106 16 106 Yurécuaro MULTIPOLYGON (((2478394 928...5 Preparar la capa geográfica
5.1 Identificar campo de los municipios
nombre_mun <- "NOMGEO"
michoacan <- st_transform(michoacan, 3857)
michoacan## Simple feature collection with 113 features and 4 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension: XY
## Bounding box: xmin: -11548080 ymin: 2027411 xmax: -11138970 ymax: 2319831
## Projected CRS: WGS 84 / Pseudo-Mercator
## First 10 features:
## CVEGEO CVE_ENT CVE_MUN NOMGEO geometry
## 1 16078 16 078 Santa Ana Maya MULTIPOLYGON (((-11247893 2...
## 2 16079 16 079 Salvador Escalante MULTIPOLYGON (((-11329794 2...
## 3 16080 16 080 Senguio MULTIPOLYGON (((-11164166 2...
## 4 16081 16 081 Susupuato MULTIPOLYGON (((-11172638 2...
## 5 16082 16 082 Tacámbaro MULTIPOLYGON (((-11285745 2...
## 6 16083 16 083 Tancítaro MULTIPOLYGON (((-11391715 2...
## 7 16013 16 013 Carácuaro MULTIPOLYGON (((-11249806 2...
## 8 16012 16 012 Buenavista MULTIPOLYGON (((-11417261 2...
## 9 16099 16 099 Tuzantla MULTIPOLYGON (((-11199086 2...
## 10 16106 16 106 Yurécuaro MULTIPOLYGON (((-11377715 2...bbox_michoacan <- st_bbox(michoacan)
bbox_michoacan## xmin ymin xmax ymax
## -11548075 2027411 -11138966 2319831plot(st_geometry(michoacan))
6 Construcción del mapa
6.1 Mapa con cuadrícula de coordenadas
mapa_road <- ggplot() +
annotation_map_tile(type = "cartolight", zoom = 8) +
geom_sf(
data = michoacan,
fill = "grey60",
color = "black",
alpha = 0.45,
linewidth = 0.3
) +
geom_sf_text(
data = michoacan,
aes(label = NOMGEO),
size = 2,
color = "white",
fontface = "bold"
) +
annotation_scale(
location = "bl",
style = "bar",
text_cex = 0.7
) +
annotation_north_arrow(
location = "tr",
which_north = "true",
style = north_arrow_fancy_orienteering()
) +
coord_sf(
crs = 4326,
label_graticule = "SW",
expand = FALSE
) +
labs(
title = "Mapa de localización municipal de Michoacán de Ocampo",
caption = "Fuente: Elaboración propia con base en el Marco Geoestadístico Nacional, INEGI 2022"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
panel.grid.major = element_line(color = "grey70", linewidth = 0.4),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
plot.title = element_text(size = 18, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5),
plot.caption = element_text(size = 9, hjust = 0.5),
axis.title = element_blank()
)
mapa_road## Warning in st_point_on_surface.sfc(sf::st_zm(x)): st_point_on_surface may not
## give correct results for longitude/latitude data## Zoom: 8## Fetching 9 missing tiles## | | | 0% | |======== | 11% | |================ | 22% | |======================= | 33% | |=============================== | 44% | |======================================= | 56% | |=============================================== | 67% | |====================================================== | 78% | |============================================================== | 89% | |======================================================================| 100%## ...complete!
7 Exportar mapa
7.1 Guardar mapa en PNG
ggsave(
filename = "Mapa_MICHOACAN.png",
plot = mapa_road,
width = 13,
height = 8.5,
units = "in",
dpi = 300
)