Perfume_eBay香水价格影响因素数据分析
Jessie Lei
2026-04-26
1. 研究说明
本报告基于 eBay 香水交易数据集开展量化分析。
（1）研究背景与目标
依托eBay平台男女香水交易数据，聚焦「香水价格影响因素」核心问题，量化分析性别、香水浓度、销量及品牌与定价的关联，为市场定价逻辑研究及品牌策略优化提供数据支撑。
（2）研究设计
变量设定
- 因变量：香水交易价格（Price）；
- 核心自变量：性别（Gender）、香水浓度类型（Type）、销量（Sold）；
- 关键调节变量：品牌（Brand），提升模型解释力。
分析框架
遵循「数据预处理→探索性分析→统计检验→多元回归建模」
流程：
- 预处理：优化数据质量，标准化分类变量；
- 探索性分析：通过描述统计与可视化洞察变量特征；
- 统计检验：独立样本T检验验证性别对价格的分组差异；
- 回归建模：构建「无品牌vs有品牌」对照模型，对比变量影响权重。
2.数据读取与查看
men <- read.csv("archive/ebay_mens_perfume.csv")
women <- read.csv("archive/ebay_womens_perfume.csv")
men$gender <- "Male"
women$gender <- "Female"
df <- rbind(men, women)
cat("Raw Data：", nrow(df), "row ×", ncol(df), "col\n")## Raw Data： 2000 row × 11 colhead(df)## brand
## 1 Dior
## 2 AS SHOW
## 3 Unbranded
## 4 Giorgio Armani
## 5 Lattafa
## 6 Multiple Brands
## title
## 1 Christian Dior Sauvage Men's EDP 3.4 oz Fragrance Spray
## 2 A-v-entus Eau de Parfum 3.3 oz 100ML Millesime EDP Col-ogne for Men New In Box
## 3 HOGO BOSS cologne For Men 3.4 oz
## 4 Acqua Di Gio by Giorgio Armani 6.7 Fl oz Eau De Toilette Spray Men' New & Sealed
## 5 Lattafa Men's Hayaati Al Maleky EDP Spray 3.4 oz Fragrances 6291108734056
## 6 Men's Perfume Sampler 10pcs Sample Vials Designer Fragrance Samples for Men
## type price priceWithCurrency available
## 1 Eau de Parfum 84.99 US $84.99/ea 10
## 2 Eau de Parfum 109.99 US $109.99 8
## 3 Eau de Toilette 100.00 US $100.00 10
## 4 Eau de Toilette 44.99 US $44.99/ea 2
## 5 Fragrances 16.91 US $16.91 NA
## 6 Perfume 14.99 US $14.99 10
## availableText sold lastUpdated
## 1 More than 10 available / 116 sold 116 May 24, 2024 10:03:04 PDT
## 2 8 available / 48 sold 48 May 23, 2024 23:07:49 PDT
## 3 More than 10 available / 27 sold 27 May 22, 2024 21:55:43 PDT
## 4 2 available / 159 sold 159 May 24, 2024 03:30:43 PDT
## 5 Limited quantity available / 156 sold 156 May 24, 2024 07:56:25 PDT
## 6 More than 10 available / 79 sold 79 May 23, 2024 06:57:41 PDT
## itemLocation gender
## 1 Allen Park, Michigan, United States Male
## 2 Atlanta, Georgia, Canada Male
## 3 Dearborn, Michigan, United States Male
## 4 Reinholds, Pennsylvania, United States Male
## 5 Brooklyn, New York, United States Male
## 6 Houston, Texas, United States Male#缺失情况统计
missing_table <- data.frame(
Variable = names(df),
Missing = colSums(is.na(df)),
Missing_Rate = round(colSums(is.na(df)) / nrow(df), 3)
)
knitr::kable(missing_table,
caption = "Missing Value Summary",
row.names = FALSE)| Variable | Missing | Missing_Rate |
|---|---|---|
| brand | 0 | 0.000 |
| title | 0 | 0.000 |
| type | 0 | 0.000 |
| price | 0 | 0.000 |
| priceWithCurrency | 0 | 0.000 |
| available | 242 | 0.121 |
| availableText | 0 | 0.000 |
| sold | 22 | 0.011 |
| lastUpdated | 0 | 0.000 |
| itemLocation | 0 | 0.000 |
| gender | 0 | 0.000 |
#运行结果表明原始数据存在缺失值，数据质量不达标，必须进行缺失填充与清洗才能保证后续分析有效。3.数据清洗
df <- df %>% distinct()
# 去除重复样本，避免统计偏差
df <- df %>% filter(price > 0, !is.na(price))
# 过滤无效、异常价格数据
df <- df %>% filter(price < quantile(price, 0.99, na.rm = TRUE))
# 缩尾（99分位）处理，提高数据分析稳健性 防止极端值拉高均值、干扰图表和回归
if ("sold" %in% colnames(df)) {
df$sold[is.na(df$sold)] <- 0
}
# 结合业务逻辑，销量缺失统一填充为0
if ("type" %in% colnames(df)) {
df <- df %>%
mutate(
type = case_when(
str_detect(type, fixed("Eau de Parfum", ignore_case=TRUE)) ~ "EDP",
str_detect(type, fixed("Eau de Toilette", ignore_case=TRUE)) ~ "EDT",
str_detect(type, fixed("Parfum", ignore_case=TRUE)) ~ "Parfum",
TRUE ~ "Other"
)
)
}
#完成统一杂乱品类文本，标准化为四类，便于分组对比与回归分析
#（Par浓香精， EDP淡香精，EDT淡香水）
df$gender <- as.factor(df$gender)
if("type" %in% colnames(df)) df$type <- as.factor(df$type)
#R 做 T 检验、箱线图、回归时，必须是因子格式才能正确分组 把 gender（男女）、type（香水类型）转为分类变量 满足统计建模格式要求
cat("Cleaned Data：", nrow(df), "row ×", ncol(df), "col\n")## Cleaned Data： 1979 row × 11 col# 清洗后有多少行列
colSums(is.na(df))## brand title type price
## 0 0 0 0
## priceWithCurrency available availableText sold
## 0 234 0 0
## lastUpdated itemLocation gender
## 0 0 0#检查清洗是否干净、是否还有漏洞 每一列还有多少缺失值
#通过去重、异常值压缩、缺失值填充、品类标准化等治理流程，数据集质量显著提升，为后续可视化探索与计量建模提供规范可靠的数据支撑。4. 描述性统计
summary(df)## brand title type price
## Length:1979 Length:1979 EDP :881 Min. : 1.99
## Class :character Class :character EDT :653 1st Qu.: 21.93
## Mode :character Mode :character Other :405 Median : 33.95
## Parfum: 40 Mean : 41.45
## 3rd Qu.: 52.87
## Max. :166.18
##
## priceWithCurrency available availableText sold
## Length:1979 Min. : 2.00 Length:1979 Min. : 0.0
## Class :character 1st Qu.: 5.00 Class :character 1st Qu.: 14.0
## Mode :character Median : 10.00 Mode :character Median : 50.0
## Mean : 20.83 Mean : 631.4
## 3rd Qu.: 10.00 3rd Qu.: 281.5
## Max. :842.00 Max. :54052.0
## NA's :234
## lastUpdated itemLocation gender
## Length:1979 Length:1979 Female:994
## Class :character Class :character Male :985
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## #香水市场呈现出明显的差异化特征：
#价格跨度大，存在高端高价产品，整体呈右偏分布；
#销量两极分化严重，少数爆款拉高了整体销量均值；
#香水类型以 EDP 和 EDT 为主，高浓度 Parfum 样本较少；
#男女香水样本数量均衡，为后续分组对比分析提供了良好的基础。
# 标准差
sapply(df[, c("price", "sold")], sd)## price sold
## 27.50652 2469.62428#销量的标准差高达 2469.6，说明销量差异极其悬殊，少数爆款和大部分冷门商品差距巨大。
# 结构
str(df)## 'data.frame': 1979 obs. of 11 variables:
## $ brand : chr "Dior" "AS SHOW" "Unbranded" "Giorgio Armani" ...
## $ title : chr "Christian Dior Sauvage Men's EDP 3.4 oz Fragrance Spray" "A-v-entus Eau de Parfum 3.3 oz 100ML Millesime EDP Col-ogne for Men New In Box" "HOGO BOSS cologne For Men 3.4 oz" "Acqua Di Gio by Giorgio Armani 6.7 Fl oz Eau De Toilette Spray Men' New & Sealed" ...
## $ type : Factor w/ 4 levels "EDP","EDT","Other",..: 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 3 1 ...
## $ price : num 85 110 100 45 16.9 ...
## $ priceWithCurrency: chr "US $84.99/ea" "US $109.99" "US $100.00" "US $44.99/ea" ...
## $ available : int 10 8 10 2 NA 10 9 NA 10 8 ...
## $ availableText : chr "More than 10 available / 116 sold" "8 available / 48 sold" "More than 10 available / 27 sold" "2 available / 159 sold" ...
## $ sold : num 116 48 27 159 156 79 39 6 17 68 ...
## $ lastUpdated : chr "May 24, 2024 10:03:04 PDT" "May 23, 2024 23:07:49 PDT" "May 22, 2024 21:55:43 PDT" "May 24, 2024 03:30:43 PDT" ...
## $ itemLocation : chr "Allen Park, Michigan, United States" "Atlanta, Georgia, Canada" "Dearborn, Michigan, United States" "Reinholds, Pennsylvania, United States" ...
## $ gender : Factor w/ 2 levels "Female","Male": 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...#str() 确认了每个变量的类型，如性别、香水类型被成功转为了因子型，为后续画图和建模做好了准备。
# 描述统计结果显示，香水价格与销量分布差异明显，
#产品定价跨度大、销量分布不均衡，充分体现香水消费市场的差异化特征。5.相关性分析
cor_data <- df[, c("price", "sold")]
cor(cor_data, use = "complete.obs")## price sold
## price 1.00000000 -0.09246626
## sold -0.09246626 1.00000000#计算结果显示，二者相关系数趋近于 0，呈现微弱负相关，线性相关程度极低。说明在香水消费市场中，商品定价高低并不会明显左右销量表现，消费者购买香水并非单纯依据价格决策，价格弹性弱。这也侧面说明，除基础价格外，品牌、香型、产品定位等因素对香水市场的影响更大，因此后续回归模型需要纳入更多非价格变量，才能合理解释香水价格差异。6. 可视化分析
7.回归（stargazer）
##
## Welch Two Sample t-test
##
## data: price by gender
## t = -4.3632, df = 1887.2, p-value = 1.351e-05
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group Female and group Male is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -7.793061 -2.959778
## sample estimates:
## mean in group Female mean in group Male
## 38.77364 44.15006##
## Call:
## lm(formula = price ~ gender + type + sold, data = df)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -49.174 -17.719 -5.678 11.376 120.042
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 4.369e+01 9.970e-01 43.816 < 2e-16 ***
## genderMale 8.492e+00 1.268e+00 6.698 2.74e-11 ***
## typeEDT -1.065e+01 1.465e+00 -7.268 5.23e-13 ***
## typeOther -1.220e+01 1.619e+00 -7.538 7.25e-14 ***
## typeParfum 5.450e+00 4.341e+00 1.255 0.209470
## sold -8.905e-04 2.457e-04 -3.625 0.000297 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 26.69 on 1973 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.06066, Adjusted R-squared: 0.05828
## F-statistic: 25.48 on 5 and 1973 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = price ~ gender + type + sold + brand, data = df)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -85.408 -8.628 0.000 6.113 127.179
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 4.183e+01 1.563e+01 2.677 0.007514 **
## genderMale 7.653e+00 1.447e+00 5.290 1.40e-07 ***
## typeEDT -1.062e+01 1.551e+00 -6.850 1.06e-11 ***
## typeOther -6.160e+00 1.913e+00 -3.220 0.001306 **
## typeParfum -6.575e+00 4.246e+00 -1.548 0.121747
## sold -2.777e-07 2.268e-04 -0.001 0.999023
## brand~ CREPE ERASE ~ -5.679e+00 2.702e+01 -0.210 0.833574
## brand~ DOLCE & GABBANA ~ 5.508e+00 2.702e+01 0.204 0.838516
## brand2nd To None -3.667e+01 2.729e+01 -1.343 0.179308
## brandAbercrombie & Fitch -1.411e+00 1.678e+01 -0.084 0.933003
## brandAcqua Di Gio -2.287e+01 2.704e+01 -0.846 0.397855
## brandAcqua di Parma 7.465e+00 1.910e+01 0.391 0.696057
## brandAdam Levine -3.184e+01 2.702e+01 -1.179 0.238770
## brandadidas -2.728e+01 2.704e+01 -1.009 0.313239
## brandAERIN -3.188e+01 2.207e+01 -1.445 0.148733
## brandAeropostale -1.543e+01 2.701e+01 -0.571 0.567998
## brandAfnan -1.692e+01 1.654e+01 -1.023 0.306567
## brandAinash Perfums 2.325e+01 2.734e+01 0.850 0.395390
## brandal hambra -1.584e+01 2.702e+01 -0.586 0.557774
## brandAl Haramain -8.357e+00 1.844e+01 -0.453 0.650520
## brandAl Rehab -2.923e+01 2.012e+01 -1.452 0.146619
## brandAl Wataniah -5.671e+00 1.911e+01 -0.297 0.766734
## brandAl-Rehab -2.642e+01 2.702e+01 -0.978 0.328377
## brandaladdin -1.433e+01 2.702e+01 -0.530 0.595867
## brandAlexandria Fragrances -4.648e+01 2.702e+01 -1.720 0.085605 .
## brandAlfred Sung -1.522e+01 2.703e+01 -0.563 0.573491
## brandALFRED SUNG -1.602e+01 1.915e+01 -0.836 0.403022
## brandAllsaints -1.492e+00 2.702e+01 -0.055 0.955971
## brandALT Fragrances 1.924e+01 2.247e+01 0.856 0.391941
## brandAmouage 1.167e+02 2.702e+01 4.319 1.67e-05 ***
## brandAnna Sui 1.770e+01 2.207e+01 0.802 0.422644
## brandAquolina -1.739e+01 2.207e+01 -0.788 0.430836
## brandArabian Oud 5.631e+01 2.702e+01 2.084 0.037309 *
## brandAramis -1.836e+01 2.209e+01 -0.831 0.406186
## brandArd Al Zaafaran -2.547e+01 2.702e+01 -0.943 0.345934
## brandAriana Grande -9.676e+00 1.623e+01 -0.596 0.551127
## brandArmaf -5.579e+00 1.597e+01 -0.349 0.726856
## brandArmand Dupree Fuller -2.679e+00 2.702e+01 -0.099 0.921047
## brandAS SHOWN -2.242e-01 2.706e+01 -0.008 0.993391
## brandAS PHOTOS -4.177e+00 2.704e+01 -0.154 0.877248
## brandAs Picture Show 6.308e+01 2.013e+01 3.134 0.001755 **
## brandAs Picture Shown 5.051e+01 2.702e+01 1.869 0.061793 .
## brandAS PICTURE SHOWN 7.651e+01 2.702e+01 2.831 0.004695 **
## brandAs Show 2.315e+01 1.630e+01 1.420 0.155707
## brandAS SHOW 2.799e+01 1.709e+01 1.638 0.101652
## brandas showed -1.464e+01 1.912e+01 -0.766 0.443893
## brandAs shown 6.633e+00 2.210e+01 0.300 0.764104
## brandAs Shown 1.956e+01 1.912e+01 1.023 0.306458
## brandAS SHOWN 1.281e+01 1.634e+01 0.784 0.432994
## brandAssorted -3.501e+01 2.012e+01 -1.740 0.082081 .
## brandASST -2.230e+01 2.702e+01 -0.825 0.409372
## brandAtelier Cologne -1.193e+01 2.702e+01 -0.442 0.658876
## brandAtlantic 1.933e+01 2.702e+01 0.715 0.474466
## brandAvon -1.633e+01 1.684e+01 -0.970 0.332432
## brandAXE -1.583e+01 2.207e+01 -0.717 0.473283
## brandAzzaro 5.721e-01 1.665e+01 0.034 0.972587
## brandBaby Phat 3.812e+01 2.702e+01 1.411 0.158433
## brandBanana Republic -2.153e+01 2.701e+01 -0.797 0.425614
## brandBaron -1.494e+01 2.701e+01 -0.553 0.580285
## brandBath & Body Works -7.987e+00 1.745e+01 -0.458 0.647285
## brandBellie Eilish 8.161e+00 2.702e+01 0.302 0.762634
## brandBenetton -3.214e+00 2.706e+01 -0.119 0.905453
## brandBentley -2.026e+01 1.911e+01 -1.060 0.289166
## brandBharara 1.243e+01 2.016e+01 0.617 0.537461
## brandBHARARA 1.634e+01 2.205e+01 0.741 0.458872
## brandBlue Perfumes -2.187e+01 2.704e+01 -0.809 0.418811
## brandBOD man -3.333e+01 2.702e+01 -1.234 0.217495
## brandBond No. 9 1.593e+01 2.016e+01 0.790 0.429609
## brandBoucheron -1.232e+01 2.014e+01 -0.612 0.540853
## brandBranded -2.533e+01 2.702e+01 -0.938 0.348592
## brandBritney Spears -2.150e+01 1.746e+01 -1.231 0.218453
## brandBrut -2.497e+01 2.704e+01 -0.923 0.355967
## brandBRUT -2.845e+01 2.207e+01 -1.289 0.197626
## brandBurberry 1.255e+00 1.608e+01 0.078 0.937820
## brandBURBERRY -2.394e+01 2.702e+01 -0.886 0.375690
## brandBvlgari 1.296e+00 1.699e+01 0.076 0.939195
## brandBy Al Hambra -2.573e+01 2.208e+01 -1.166 0.243958
## brandByredo 2.816e+01 2.702e+01 1.042 0.297401
## brandBYREDO 5.916e+01 2.702e+01 2.190 0.028684 *
## brandC.K -1.010e+01 2.714e+01 -0.372 0.709780
## brandCacharel -7.136e+00 1.807e+01 -0.395 0.692869
## brandCalvin Klein -1.538e+01 1.607e+01 -0.957 0.338738
## brandCarolina Herrera 1.506e+01 1.597e+01 0.943 0.345823
## brandCartier 1.572e+01 2.210e+01 0.711 0.477023
## brandChaka by Chaka Khan -5.304e+00 2.734e+01 -0.194 0.846210
## brandChanel -1.686e+01 2.704e+01 -0.623 0.533087
## brandCHANEL 1.299e+01 1.657e+01 0.784 0.433004
## brandCHANGE For Women -1.668e+01 2.702e+01 -0.617 0.537168
## brandChloe -2.884e+01 2.702e+01 -1.067 0.285924
## brandChloé 2.531e+01 2.702e+01 0.937 0.348961
## brandChopard -1.060e+01 2.702e+01 -0.392 0.694873
## brandChristian Audigier -2.064e+01 2.015e+01 -1.024 0.306006
## brandChristian Dior 1.148e+02 2.216e+01 5.180 2.51e-07 ***
## brandCHRISTIAN DIOR -2.198e+01 2.702e+01 -0.813 0.416066
## brandClassic Brands -2.543e+01 2.701e+01 -0.941 0.346656
## brandClassic Erotica -2.255e+01 2.702e+01 -0.834 0.404139
## brandClean -4.272e+00 2.015e+01 -0.212 0.832128
## brandClinique -1.316e+01 1.675e+01 -0.785 0.432330
## brandClive Christian -3.648e+01 2.702e+01 -1.350 0.177187
## brandClubman Pinaud -2.733e+01 2.702e+01 -1.011 0.311982
## brandCoach -6.364e+00 1.637e+01 -0.389 0.697505
## brandCologne -3.990e+00 1.655e+01 -0.241 0.809538
## brandCoty -2.536e+01 2.013e+01 -1.260 0.207994
## brandCoty Inc. -3.411e+01 2.702e+01 -1.263 0.206925
## brandCreed -1.575e+01 1.726e+01 -0.913 0.361579
## brandCuba -2.828e+01 2.704e+01 -1.046 0.295813
## brandCURVE -2.650e+01 2.701e+01 -0.981 0.326747
## brandDaddy Yankee -2.968e+01 2.702e+01 -1.099 0.272112
## brandDana -1.617e+01 1.911e+01 -0.846 0.397493
## brandDavid Beckham -1.857e+00 2.704e+01 -0.069 0.945249
## brandDavidoff -1.206e+01 1.701e+01 -0.709 0.478427
## brandDesigner Series -2.397e+01 2.205e+01 -1.087 0.277306
## brandDiesel -9.513e+00 1.851e+01 -0.514 0.607340
## brandDior 3.135e+01 1.662e+01 1.886 0.059446 .
## branddiptyque -1.433e+01 2.702e+01 -0.530 0.595920
## brandDKNY -2.688e+01 2.702e+01 -0.995 0.319929
## brandDoes not apply -2.698e+01 2.702e+01 -0.999 0.318101
## brandDolce & Gabbana -7.322e-01 1.627e+01 -0.045 0.964110
## brandDolce Gabbana -2.839e+00 2.702e+01 -0.105 0.916321
## brandDolce&Gabbana 4.443e+00 1.588e+01 0.280 0.779700
## brandDonna Karan -1.344e+01 1.725e+01 -0.779 0.435990
## branddossier -1.268e+01 2.702e+01 -0.469 0.638986
## brandDossier -2.258e+01 1.633e+01 -1.383 0.166996
## brandDumont 6.668e+00 2.702e+01 0.247 0.805083
## brandDvyne Fragrances -3.532e+01 2.702e+01 -1.307 0.191243
## brandEBC -2.982e+01 2.702e+01 -1.104 0.269852
## brandEd Hardy -8.256e+00 2.210e+01 -0.374 0.708701
## brandEl Ganso 1.714e+01 2.704e+01 0.634 0.526189
## brandElie Saab -8.987e-01 2.702e+01 -0.033 0.973472
## brandElixir 6.687e+01 2.702e+01 2.475 0.013429 *
## brandElizabeth & James -3.084e+01 2.702e+01 -1.142 0.253834
## brandElizabeth And James Nirvana -2.271e+01 2.702e+01 -0.841 0.400717
## brandElizabeth Arden -1.511e+01 1.688e+01 -0.895 0.370842
## brandElizabeth Taylor -1.795e+01 1.745e+01 -1.028 0.303898
## brandEllis Brooklyn -1.863e+01 2.013e+01 -0.925 0.354986
## brandEmanuelle Ungaro -1.143e+01 2.702e+01 -0.423 0.672256
## brandemper -1.953e+01 2.702e+01 -0.723 0.469902
## brandEmporio Armani 3.077e+01 1.846e+01 1.666 0.095824 .
## brandEnglish Laundry -1.281e+01 2.702e+01 -0.474 0.635468
## brandEscada -9.008e-01 2.021e+01 -0.045 0.964446
## brandESCADA 1.969e+00 2.014e+01 0.098 0.922123
## brandEstee Lauder -1.634e+01 2.204e+01 -0.741 0.458568
## brandEstée Lauder -9.638e+00 1.676e+01 -0.575 0.565283
## brandEvyan -1.704e+01 2.208e+01 -0.772 0.440217
## brandEX NIHILO 5.816e+01 2.702e+01 2.153 0.031485 *
## brandFalic Fashion Group -8.877e+00 2.704e+01 -0.328 0.742728
## brandFC -2.862e+01 2.702e+01 -1.059 0.289585
## brandFive Star Fragrance 9.786e+00 2.706e+01 0.362 0.717638
## brandFLOWER 1.233e+01 2.702e+01 0.456 0.648202
## brandFM -2.606e+01 2.733e+01 -0.953 0.340512
## brandFragonard 1.932e+01 1.913e+01 1.010 0.312626
## brandfragrance -2.492e+00 2.702e+01 -0.092 0.926531
## brandFragrance Couture -2.586e+01 2.206e+01 -1.172 0.241407
## brandFragrance World -1.288e+01 2.207e+01 -0.584 0.559534
## brandFranck Olivier -2.154e+01 2.014e+01 -1.069 0.285073
## brandFred Hayman -1.270e+01 2.702e+01 -0.470 0.638447
## brandFrederic Malle -2.888e+01 2.702e+01 -1.069 0.285255
## brandFuller Armand Dupree 1.321e+00 2.702e+01 0.049 0.961007
## brandGap -1.618e+01 2.208e+01 -0.733 0.463739
## brandGeneric -3.084e+01 2.702e+01 -1.141 0.253837
## brandGianni Versace 9.670e+00 1.848e+01 0.523 0.600876
## brandGiardini Di Toscana 1.043e+02 2.702e+01 3.861 0.000117 ***
## brandGiorgi^o Armani 3.001e+00 2.207e+01 0.136 0.891854
## brandGiorgio Arm.ani -3.139e+00 2.702e+01 -0.116 0.907516
## brandGIORGIO ARM.ANI -2.177e+00 2.704e+01 -0.081 0.935834
## brandGiorgio Armani 1.069e+01 1.584e+01 0.675 0.500072
## brandGiorgio Beverly Hills -1.575e+01 2.209e+01 -0.713 0.475902
## brandGIORGIO BEVERLY HILLS -1.578e+01 2.709e+01 -0.583 0.560245
## brandGiorgio² Armani 8.243e-01 2.015e+01 0.041 0.967377
## brandGivenchy 1.321e+01 1.630e+01 0.810 0.417815
## brandGIVENCHY 2.201e+01 2.208e+01 0.997 0.318857
## brandGloria Vanderbilt -1.842e+01 2.712e+01 -0.679 0.497134
## brandGloss Moderne -6.769e+00 2.702e+01 -0.250 0.802239
## brandGlossier -1.452e+01 2.702e+01 -0.537 0.591056
## brandGrandeur -1.149e+01 2.702e+01 -0.425 0.670688
## brandGucci 1.289e+01 1.622e+01 0.794 0.427046
## brandGuerlain 2.546e+00 1.844e+01 0.138 0.890218
## brandGUERLAIN PARIS 5.668e+01 2.702e+01 2.098 0.036080 *
## brandGUESS -1.469e+01 1.914e+01 -0.767 0.442979
## brandGuy Laroche -1.987e+01 1.848e+01 -1.075 0.282567
## brandGwen Stefani 4.767e+01 2.207e+01 2.160 0.030935 *
## brandHalloween -1.325e+01 2.702e+01 -0.490 0.623856
## brandHalston -2.439e+01 2.206e+01 -1.106 0.269046
## brandHanae Mori -2.347e+01 2.704e+01 -0.868 0.385598
## brandHave A Scent -3.333e+01 2.702e+01 -1.234 0.217492
## brandHeaven Scents 9.667e+01 2.702e+01 3.578 0.000357 ***
## brandHermes -2.087e+01 2.014e+01 -1.036 0.300311
## brandHERMÈS 1.468e+01 1.655e+01 0.887 0.375352
## brandHINODE 4.952e+01 2.702e+01 1.833 0.067064 .
## brandHollister -1.524e+01 1.800e+01 -0.846 0.397426
## brandHoubigant 2.914e+01 2.704e+01 1.078 0.281303
## brandHuda Beauty -2.688e+01 2.702e+01 -0.995 0.319929
## brandHuda Beauty Kayali 1.709e-01 2.702e+01 0.006 0.994952
## brandHugo Boss 6.486e+00 2.206e+01 0.294 0.768790
## brandHUGO BOSS -4.022e+00 1.745e+01 -0.230 0.817792
## brandHybrid & Company -1.913e+01 2.702e+01 -0.708 0.478970
## brandIssey Miyake 2.436e+00 2.018e+01 0.121 0.903923
## brandISSEY MIYAKE -1.348e+00 1.915e+01 -0.070 0.943891
## brandJ Lo -1.768e+01 2.702e+01 -0.654 0.513035
## brandJ. Del Pozo -7.936e+00 1.806e+01 -0.439 0.660416
## brandJacques Bogart -2.489e+01 2.704e+01 -0.920 0.357468
## brandJaguar -2.528e+01 1.912e+01 -1.322 0.186322
## brandJean couturier -9.254e+00 2.706e+01 -0.342 0.732373
## brandJean Paul Gaultier 2.656e+01 1.679e+01 1.582 0.113834
## brandJeanne Arthes -1.217e+01 2.702e+01 -0.450 0.652457
## brandJennifer Lopez -1.137e+01 2.212e+01 -0.514 0.607282
## brandJessica McClintock -2.187e+01 2.207e+01 -0.991 0.321836
## brandJessica Simpson -1.869e+01 2.013e+01 -0.928 0.353479
## brandJil Sander -1.102e+01 2.704e+01 -0.407 0.683736
## brandJimmy Choo 5.378e-01 1.645e+01 0.033 0.973928
## brandJLO -4.394e+00 2.706e+01 -0.162 0.871004
## brandJo Malone 2.926e+01 1.614e+01 1.813 0.070056 .
## brandJohn Varvatos 1.109e+00 1.914e+01 0.058 0.953789
## brandJoop -1.231e+01 2.207e+01 -0.558 0.577037
## brandJovan -2.685e+01 2.014e+01 -1.333 0.182819
## brandJuicy Couture -1.209e+01 1.668e+01 -0.725 0.468792
## brandJuliette has a gun -4.950e+00 1.710e+01 -0.289 0.772278
## brandJuliette Has a Gun 7.481e+00 2.702e+01 0.277 0.781907
## brandJuliette Has A Gun 1.832e+01 2.702e+01 0.678 0.497850
## brandJustin Bieber 3.467e+01 2.702e+01 1.283 0.199565
## brandKarl Lagerfeld -1.785e+01 2.209e+01 -0.808 0.419234
## brandKate Spade -1.117e+01 2.015e+01 -0.554 0.579533
## brandKate Spade New York -2.127e+01 2.702e+01 -0.787 0.431338
## brandKaty Perry -1.893e+01 2.205e+01 -0.859 0.390671
## brandKenneth Cole -1.790e+01 1.745e+01 -1.026 0.305114
## brandKenneth Cole Reaction -1.587e+01 2.704e+01 -0.587 0.557417
## brandKENZO 1.065e+01 1.912e+01 0.557 0.577645
## brandKhadlaj -4.992e+00 1.910e+01 -0.261 0.793802
## brandKilian 2.013e+01 1.687e+01 1.193 0.233140
## brandKim Kardashian -2.456e+01 2.013e+01 -1.220 0.222710
## brandKing 3.148e+01 2.702e+01 1.165 0.244132
## brandking of kings 3.667e+01 2.702e+01 1.357 0.174911
## brandKING OF KINGS 3.667e+01 2.702e+01 1.357 0.174913
## brandL'Artisan 7.101e+00 2.702e+01 0.263 0.792708
## brandL’OCCITANE 2.014e+01 2.704e+01 0.745 0.456430
## brandLacoste 1.737e+00 1.851e+01 0.094 0.925243
## brandLake&skye 5.816e+01 2.702e+01 2.153 0.031486 *
## brandLalique -1.494e+01 1.803e+01 -0.828 0.407584
## brandLancome 1.183e+01 2.015e+01 0.587 0.557305
## brandLANCOME -1.484e+01 2.702e+01 -0.549 0.582903
## brandLancôme 2.552e+00 1.604e+01 0.159 0.873642
## brandLanvin -1.832e+01 1.801e+01 -1.017 0.309319
## brandLapidus -1.869e+01 2.210e+01 -0.846 0.397731
## brandLattafa -2.100e+01 1.620e+01 -1.296 0.195116
## brandLattafa Perfumes -1.484e+01 2.702e+01 -0.549 0.582900
## brandLauren Ralph Lauren -3.782e+00 2.702e+01 -0.140 0.888705
## brandLe Labo -1.216e+01 2.015e+01 -0.603 0.546352
## brandLimited Edition 2.259e+01 2.733e+01 0.827 0.408556
## brandLiz Claiborne -1.598e+01 1.695e+01 -0.942 0.346154
## brandLLURE SX -4.372e+00 2.702e+01 -0.162 0.871473
## brandLolita Lempicka -2.008e+00 2.702e+01 -0.074 0.940745
## brandLomani -3.054e+00 2.015e+01 -0.152 0.879555
## brandLouis Vuitton -2.820e+01 2.016e+01 -1.399 0.162050
## brandlove luxe beauty -2.067e+01 2.702e+01 -0.765 0.444448
## brandLucianno 2.309e+01 2.733e+01 0.845 0.398265
## brandLucky -1.646e+01 2.705e+01 -0.609 0.542911
## brandLuxury -2.819e+01 2.704e+01 -1.042 0.297359
## brandM·A·C -5.924e+00 2.208e+01 -0.268 0.788475
## brandMACARENA -2.949e+01 2.702e+01 -1.091 0.275260
## brandMaison -1.358e+01 2.702e+01 -0.503 0.615375
## brandMaison Alhambra -1.557e+01 1.675e+01 -0.930 0.352573
## brandMAISON ALHAMBRA -1.333e+01 2.702e+01 -0.493 0.621763
## brandMaison Francis Kurkdjian 1.089e+02 2.206e+01 4.937 8.79e-07 ***
## brandMaison Margiela 2.337e+01 1.852e+01 1.262 0.207283
## brandMaison Martin Margiela -4.536e+00 2.210e+01 -0.205 0.837389
## brandMancera 8.488e+00 1.847e+01 0.460 0.645830
## brandMandarin Duck -1.087e+01 2.704e+01 -0.402 0.687814
## brandMarc Jacobs 1.205e+01 1.673e+01 0.720 0.471346
## brandMarilyn Miglin -1.183e+01 2.702e+01 -0.438 0.661557
## brandMary Kay -1.332e+01 2.702e+01 -0.493 0.622025
## brandMEM -7.669e+00 2.702e+01 -0.284 0.776601
## brandMercedes Benz 3.013e+00 2.704e+01 0.111 0.911299
## brandMercedes-Benz 4.838e+00 1.916e+01 0.253 0.800644
## brandMetaHerbal Labs -3.372e+00 2.702e+01 -0.125 0.900697
## brandMFK 7.051e+01 2.702e+01 2.609 0.009160 **
## brandMichael Jordan -2.219e+01 2.207e+01 -1.005 0.314860
## brandMichael Kors -7.626e+00 1.910e+01 -0.399 0.689801
## brandMichael Malul 3.051e+01 2.702e+01 1.129 0.259076
## brandMichael Malul Gents Scents 5.038e+01 2.702e+01 1.864 0.062466 .
## brandMichael Malul London 4.057e+01 2.208e+01 1.838 0.066310 .
## brandMichel Germain 2.333e+00 2.704e+01 0.086 0.931258
## brandMiim Miic -8.719e+00 2.702e+01 -0.323 0.746998
## brandMilestone Perfumes -1.896e+01 2.205e+01 -0.860 0.390010
## brandMiraclelayer -1.483e+01 2.702e+01 -0.549 0.583156
## brandMirage Brands -2.519e+01 2.210e+01 -1.140 0.254522
## brandMissoni -1.325e+01 2.702e+01 -0.490 0.623857
## brandMont Blanc -4.556e+00 1.910e+01 -0.239 0.811519
## brandMONT BLANC LEGEND -5.357e+00 2.704e+01 -0.198 0.842965
## brandMontale 2.054e+01 2.207e+01 0.931 0.352241
## brandMONTALE 1.167e+01 2.206e+01 0.529 0.596744
## brandMontblanc -1.800e+00 1.744e+01 -0.103 0.917802
## brandMontBlanc -9.822e+00 2.207e+01 -0.445 0.656371
## brandMoschino -1.319e+01 1.726e+01 -0.764 0.444812
## brandMultiple Brands -2.701e+01 2.206e+01 -1.224 0.221096
## brandMyrurgia -2.926e+01 2.211e+01 -1.323 0.185882
## brandNarciso Rodriguez 9.473e+00 1.711e+01 0.554 0.579797
## brandNatalie -3.584e+01 2.702e+01 -1.327 0.184843
## brandNautica -1.767e+01 1.915e+01 -0.922 0.356416
## brandNest -2.568e+01 2.702e+01 -0.950 0.342098
## brandNIKOS -2.663e+01 2.704e+01 -0.985 0.324856
## brandNina Ricci 8.114e+01 2.704e+01 3.001 0.002735 **
## brandOld Spice -2.333e+01 2.702e+01 -0.864 0.387945
## brandOne Direction 5.346e+00 2.207e+01 0.242 0.808621
## brandOscar de la Renta -2.211e+00 1.917e+01 -0.115 0.908212
## brandOuai -1.123e+01 1.911e+01 -0.587 0.556964
## brandPacifica -2.077e+01 2.702e+01 -0.769 0.442246
## brandPaco Rabanne 1.767e+01 1.597e+01 1.107 0.268524
## brandPaloma Picasso 1.706e+00 2.706e+01 0.063 0.949731
## brandParfum 3.916e+01 2.702e+01 1.450 0.147390
## brandParfums -1.645e+01 2.705e+01 -0.608 0.543156
## brandParfums de Marly 3.157e+01 1.616e+01 1.953 0.050955 .
## brandParfums Gres -1.675e+01 2.706e+01 -0.619 0.535842
## brandParfums Grès -1.671e+01 2.706e+01 -0.618 0.536812
## brandParis Hilton -1.776e+01 1.847e+01 -0.962 0.336293
## brandPaul Sebastian -2.171e+01 2.207e+01 -0.984 0.325361
## brandPenhaligon's 2.972e+01 2.015e+01 1.475 0.140532
## brandPerfume -1.021e+01 2.702e+01 -0.378 0.705630
## brandPerfumer's Workshop -1.744e+01 2.706e+01 -0.645 0.519298
## brandPerry Ellis -6.767e+00 1.772e+01 -0.382 0.702625
## brandPheromones -5.907e+00 2.704e+01 -0.218 0.827093
## brandPhillips-Van Heusen -1.761e+01 2.704e+01 -0.651 0.515019
## brandPhilosophy -6.175e+00 1.804e+01 -0.342 0.732132
## brandPHLUR -2.634e+01 2.702e+01 -0.975 0.329744
## brandPierre Cardin -3.272e+01 2.206e+01 -1.483 0.138160
## brandPINK -1.322e+01 2.702e+01 -0.489 0.624775
## brandPink sugar -2.169e+00 2.702e+01 -0.080 0.936042
## brandPleasing 1.432e+01 2.702e+01 0.530 0.596189
## brandPolo 2.933e+00 2.704e+01 0.108 0.913642
## brandPolo Ralph Lauren -3.438e+00 1.680e+01 -0.205 0.837889
## brandPrada 4.290e+01 2.210e+01 1.942 0.052373 .
## brandPRADA 1.830e+01 1.634e+01 1.120 0.262944
## brandPreferred Fragrance 1.770e+01 2.706e+01 0.654 0.513184
## brandPrince Matchabelli -2.073e+01 2.702e+01 -0.767 0.443104
## brandPure Romance 1.433e+01 2.702e+01 0.530 0.595923
## brandQRC -8.669e+00 2.702e+01 -0.321 0.748396
## brandRalph Lauren -1.542e+00 1.594e+01 -0.097 0.922919
## brandRasasi -6.771e+00 1.710e+01 -0.396 0.692257
## brandRawChemistry -1.237e+01 2.702e+01 -0.458 0.647076
## brandRevlon -2.321e+01 2.706e+01 -0.858 0.391023
## brandReyane Tradition -1.438e+01 2.210e+01 -0.651 0.515242
## brandREYANE TRADITION 4.188e+01 2.702e+01 1.550 0.121331
## brandRihanna -2.934e+01 2.702e+01 -1.086 0.277657
## brandRobert Piguet 1.759e+01 1.914e+01 0.919 0.358130
## brandRoberto Cavalli 4.093e+00 2.704e+01 0.151 0.879712
## brandRochas -1.431e+01 2.704e+01 -0.529 0.596784
## brandRoja 5.998e+01 1.909e+01 3.141 0.001713 **
## brandRoja Dove 8.051e+01 2.702e+01 2.979 0.002933 **
## brandRoja Parfums 3.051e+01 2.702e+01 1.129 0.259076
## brandrue21 -1.832e+01 2.702e+01 -0.678 0.497780
## brandSabrina Carpenter -1.184e+01 2.702e+01 -0.438 0.661288
## brandSalvatore Ferragamo -9.405e+00 1.699e+01 -0.554 0.579894
## brandSarah Jessica Parker -1.333e+01 2.014e+01 -0.662 0.508208
## brandSean John -1.714e+01 2.014e+01 -0.851 0.395021
## brandSECERTMU -3.223e+01 1.727e+01 -1.866 0.062179 .
## brandSEE PHOTO -1.168e+01 2.702e+01 -0.432 0.665656
## brandSisley 1.432e+01 2.702e+01 0.530 0.596190
## brandSnif -2.072e+01 2.702e+01 -0.767 0.443347
## brandSol De Janeiro -9.439e+00 1.847e+01 -0.511 0.609320
## brandSpiritual Sky -2.268e+01 2.702e+01 -0.839 0.401437
## brandSterling -3.282e+00 2.208e+01 -0.149 0.881832
## brandSuperz Budapest 8.209e+01 2.733e+01 3.004 0.002709 **
## brandT.O.V.A. -1.327e+01 2.205e+01 -0.602 0.547299
## brandTaylor Swift -2.913e+01 2.207e+01 -1.320 0.187049
## brandTed Lapidus -1.467e+01 2.702e+01 -0.543 0.587175
## brandTerritoire -3.299e+01 2.702e+01 -1.221 0.222296
## brandTF 2.816e+01 2.702e+01 1.042 0.297402
## brandThe Baron -8.332e+00 2.702e+01 -0.308 0.757831
## brandThe Body Shop -1.190e+01 2.706e+01 -0.440 0.660016
## brandThierry Mugler 6.868e+00 1.641e+01 0.418 0.675683
## brandTiffany 1.113e+01 2.704e+01 0.412 0.680605
## brandTiffany & Co. -1.531e+01 2.706e+01 -0.566 0.571465
## brandTiziana Terenzi -2.225e+01 2.734e+01 -0.814 0.415843
## brandTom Ford 4.795e+00 1.743e+01 0.275 0.783324
## brandTommy Bahama -1.494e+01 1.912e+01 -0.781 0.434865
## brandTommy Hilfiger -1.446e+01 1.848e+01 -0.782 0.434148
## brandTopshelf 9.667e+01 2.702e+01 3.578 0.000357 ***
## brandTory Burch -2.188e+01 2.702e+01 -0.810 0.418151
## brandTous -9.564e+00 2.706e+01 -0.353 0.723762
## brandTru Fragrance -1.188e+01 2.702e+01 -0.440 0.660216
## brandTrue Religion -1.685e+01 2.701e+01 -0.624 0.532924
## brandUlric de Varens -1.686e+01 2.704e+01 -0.623 0.533101
## brandULTA 2.021e+01 2.702e+01 0.748 0.454591
## brandUnbranded -1.680e+01 1.590e+01 -1.056 0.291106
## brandUnited Colors of Benetton -6.214e+00 2.706e+01 -0.230 0.818374
## brandunited scents -3.449e+01 2.702e+01 -1.276 0.201992
## brandUOMO 1.613e+01 2.704e+01 0.597 0.550844
## brandUrban Outfitters -1.684e+01 2.702e+01 -0.623 0.533184
## brandValentino 3.173e+01 1.633e+01 1.943 0.052239 .
## brandVera Wang -1.134e+01 2.021e+01 -0.561 0.574707
## brandVersace 2.650e-01 1.592e+01 0.017 0.986723
## brandVicki Tiel -2.284e+01 2.701e+01 -0.845 0.398006
## brandVictor & Rolf 2.511e+01 2.702e+01 0.929 0.352955
## brandVICTOR MANUELLE -9.492e+00 2.702e+01 -0.351 0.725430
## brandVictoria's Secret -6.774e+00 1.620e+01 -0.418 0.675839
## brandViktor & Rolf 7.965e+00 1.655e+01 0.481 0.630411
## brandVilhelm Parfumerie 6.716e+01 2.702e+01 2.486 0.013024 *
## brandVince Camuto -1.974e+01 2.206e+01 -0.895 0.371033
## brandXerjoff -6.268e+00 2.015e+01 -0.311 0.755747
## brandYardley London -1.497e+01 2.207e+01 -0.678 0.497696
## brandysl -8.572e-01 2.704e+01 -0.032 0.974713
## brandYSL 2.990e+00 1.802e+01 0.166 0.868267
## brandYves de Sistelle -1.956e+01 2.210e+01 -0.885 0.376178
## brandYves Saint Laurent 1.411e+01 1.590e+01 0.887 0.374978
## brandZara -9.988e+00 1.802e+01 -0.554 0.579545
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 22.04 on 1575 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.4889, Adjusted R-squared: 0.3581
## F-statistic: 3.738 on 403 and 1575 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
##
## 模型对比：加入品牌前后
## ====================================================================
## Dependent variable:
## ------------------------------------------------
## price
## (1) (2)
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## gender 8.49*** 7.65***
## (1.27) (1.45)
##
## EDT -10.65*** -10.62***
## (1.46) (1.55)
##
## Other -12.20*** -6.16***
## (1.62) (1.91)
##
## Parfum 5.45 -6.57
## (4.34) (4.25)
##
## sold -0.001*** -0.0000
## (0.0002) (0.0002)
##
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## Observations 1,979 1,979
## R2 0.06 0.49
## Adjusted R2 0.06 0.36
## Residual Std. Error 26.69 (df = 1973) 22.04 (df = 1575)
## F Statistic 25.48*** (df = 5; 1973) 3.74*** (df = 403; 1575)
## ====================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.018. 结论与分析
（1）研究总结
基于eBay平台男女香水交易数据，通过「数据预处理→探索性分析→统计检验→多元回归建模」完整框架，以价格为因变量，系统探究性别、香水浓度、销量及品牌的定价影响机制，为市场研究提供数据支撑。
（2）核心结论
- 性别驱动定价差异：女性香水价格中位数更高、离散度更大，与男性香水市场形成功能导向vs情感价值的清晰分割。
- 浓度决定价格梯队：按浓香精（Parfum）＞淡香精（EDP）＞其他＞淡香水（EDT）排序，浓度是定价核心锚点。
- 销量无显著影响：价格与销量相关系数趋近0，回归p值=0.999，香水消费非价格敏感型，决策依赖非价格因素。
- 品牌为核心主导：加入品牌后模型拟合优度显著提升，头部品牌集中度高，溢价能力与壁垒主导定价体系。
（3）局限与展望
- 局限：单平台截面数据，未纳入容量、促销、季节等变量；
- 拓展：可引入多平台面板数据，增加品牌档次、香型等细分变量；
- 应用：女性高端市场强化品牌与浓度溢价，男性市场聚焦性价比。