| Chemical | Count |
|---|---|
| Lead | 290 |
| Styrene | 290 |
| Sulfuric acid | 286 |
| Quinoline | 211 |
Cleveland Cliff Analysis
Study criteria: 10 years zip codes data from 2013-2022 in Catchment area. Data structure is long format per ZIP code * Release * Chemical * Year, aggregated later.
Release numbers are unique identifier per zipcode
Data
Disaggregated RSEI data for the catchment area for 15 chemicals is 638,816
Aggregate
Consolidate all years of data to get data set with one line per zip code per chemical by summing the cancer toxicity concentration.
We have 3,863 chemicals after aggregation.
4 chemicals have zero concentration in the catchment area.
15 Chemicals in the Catchment area. The counts represent the number of times each chemical appears in the aggregated (each chemical will appear once per zip code)
| Chemical | Count |
|---|---|
| Arsenic | 126 |
| Benzene | 279 |
| Cadmium | 136 |
| Cadmium compounds | 234 |
| Cobalt | 286 |
| Ethylbenzene | 290 |
| Lead | 290 |
| Naphthalene | 290 |
| Nickel | 290 |
| Nickel compounds | 289 |
| Polycyclic aromatic compounds | 289 |
| Quinoline | 211 |
| Styrene | 290 |
| Sulfuric acid | 286 |
| Tetrachloroethylene | 277 |
Mapping
Map cancer tox-weighted conc of each individual chemical on the same scale to help identify main substances driving the toxicity.
To map the chemicals on the same scale I will get the minimum and maximum of the sum CancToxConc for all the chemicals combined. The minimum and maximum will be used in the graduated colors map legend = Maximum (Yellow) Minimum (Blue).
We will remove the below chemicals from mapping as they have zero CancToxConc :
Lead
Styrene
Sulfuric acid
Quinoline.
We have 2,786 rows after removing these four chemicals.
Note: CancToxConc is Average concentration of chemical for release/media in geographic unit (µg/m3) multiplied by inhalation toxicity weight for cancer effects only.
Facilities
Cadmium & Cadmium compounds and Nickle & Nickle compounds have the highest concentrations in Cleveland. We will use the disaggregated data, to filter these 4 chemicals then check the facilities that emit these chemicals.
CLEVELAND-CLIFFS CLEVELAND WORKS LLC has the highest emissions of these chemicals:
| Facility | Count |
|---|---|
| CLEVELAND-CLIFFS CLEVELAND WORKS LLC | 4572 |
| VIBRANTZ CORP | 4278 |
| THE LINCOLN ELECTRIC CO | 2990 |
| POLYMER ADDITIVES INC DBA VALTRIS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS | 2960 |
| FEDERAL METAL CO | 2682 |
| AMERICAN TANK & FABRICATING CO | 2440 |
| BEKAERT CORP | 2320 |
| BABCOCK & WILCOX BARBERTON OPERATIONS | 2304 |
| EBERHARD MFG CO * | 2072 |
| JEWEL ACQUISITION LLC-LOUISVILLE | 2060 |
| BASF CORP | 2057 |
| ENVIRITE OF OHIO INC | 2037 |
| UNITED ROLLS INC | 2020 |
| REPUBLIC STEEL-CANTON PLANT | 1980 |
| CANTON DROP FORGE | 1960 |
| THOMAS STEEL STRIP CORP | 1940 |
| MPC PLATING CO LLC | 1875 |
| CHARTER MANUFACTURING CO. INC. | 1834 |
| QUAKER CITY CASTINGS | 1720 |
| ELYRIA FOUNDRY CO LLC | 1710 |
| SIFCO FORGE GROUP INC. | 1638 |
| TIMKENSTEEL CORP-FAIRCREST STEEL PLANT | 1632 |
| PLASMAN CLEVELAND MANUFACTURING | 1573 |
| VALLOUREC STAR LP | 1560 |
| TMS INTERNATIONAL LLC | 1528 |
| CPP-CLEVELAND | 1500 |
| JOY GLOBAL-SOLON OPERATIONS | 1470 |
| SWAGELOK MANUFACTURING CO LLC | 1470 |
| PCC AIRFOILS LLC - MINERVA | 1440 |
| HUBBELL POWER SYSTEMS INC. | 1430 |
| US STEEL CORP TUBULAR DIV LORAIN TUBULAR | 1424 |
| EBNER FURNACES INC | 1420 |
| CONCAST METAL PRODUCTS CO | 1360 |
| MARATHON PETROLEUM CO LP OHIO REFINING DIV | 1344 |
| FORD MOTOR CO CLEVELAND ENGINE PLANTS | 1340 |
| ROSS INCINERATION SERVICES INC | 1320 |
| EAST END WELDING LP | 1312 |
| WYMAN-GORDON FORGINGS (CLEVELAND) INC | 1310 |
| AURORA PLASTICS INC | 1204 |
| ADVANCE BRONZE INC. | 1190 |
| STOCK EQUIPMENT CO | 1176 |
| UMICORE SPECIALTY MATERIALS RECYCLING | 1133 |
| MID-WEST FORGE CORP | 1120 |
| TIMKEN CO GAMBRINUS ROLLER PLANT | 1104 |
| HENKEL CLEVELAND MANUFACTURING FACILITY | 1096 |
| NELSON STUD WELDING | 1092 |
| COLFOR MANUFACTURING INC-MALVERN | 1088 |
| AMER IND | 1056 |
| HORSBURGH & SCOTT CO. | 1053 |
| FALLS STAMPING & WELDING | 1044 |
| INTERNATIONAL METALS RECLAMATION CO LLC INMETCO | 1040 |
| PCC AIRFOILS LLC/SMP | 1030 |
| ELLWOOD ENGINEERED CASTINGS | 994 |
| ALLIANCE CASTINGS CO LLC | 992 |
| OHIO GRATINGS INC | 980 |
| MPC PLATING INC | 976 |
| G&S BAR & WIRE LLC | 970 |
| MATERION BRUSH PERFORMANCE ALLOYS | 966 |
| AVIVA METALS INC | 950 |
| A SCHULMAN COLOR CENTER | 944 |
| BASIC ALUMINUM CASTINGS CO | 896 |
| AAM METAL FORMING | WOOSTER MANUFACTURING | 891 |
| RMI TITANIUM CO LLC | 890 |
| GALION-GODWIN TRUCK BODY CO LLC | 882 |
| TEREX MHPS CORP | 876 |
| COMPONENT REPAIR TECHNOLOGIES INC. | 870 |
| ELLWOOD QUALITY STEELS CO | 840 |
| IMPERIAL ALUMINUM-MINERVA LLC | 828 |
| GM LORDSTOWN COMPLEX | 824 |
| STERIS DISTRIBUTION CENTER | 820 |
| AURIS NOBLE LLC | 800 |
| HOWMET AEROSPACE CLEVELAND WORKS | 786 |
| COMMERCIAL METAL FORMING | 710 |
| PCC MENTOR LLC | 696 |
| GENERAL METALS POWDER CO | 692 |
| GENERAL COLOR LLC | 690 |
| MERCER FORGE CORP | 672 |
| SHARON COATING LLC | 660 |
| SSAB WEAR SOLUTIONS ASTRALLOY | 660 |
| XALOY LLC | 648 |
| CRONIMET SPECIALTY METALS USA INC. | 640 |
| HODGE FOUNDRY INC. | 624 |
| SECTIONAL STAMPING INC. | 616 |
| NLMK PENNSYLVANIA LLC | 594 |
| WILL-BURT CO | 580 |
| GREENVILLE METALS INC | 570 |
| SALEM TUBE INC. | 570 |
| SHALMET CORP | 564 |
| CLEVELAND-CLIFFS STEEL CORP - MANSFIELD WORKS | 560 |
| FLOWLINE DIV EZEFLOW USA INC. | 560 |
| AVON LAKE ENVIRONMENTAL REDEVELOPMENT GROUP LLC | 552 |
| ARCELORMITTAL TUBULAR PRODUCTS USA LLC | 540 |
| REPUBLIC STEEL - LORAIN PLANT | 522 |
| SANDUSKY INTERNATIONAL INC. | 520 |
| NORTH JACKSON SPECIALTY STEEL LLC. | 515 |
| PCC AIRFOILS LLC/EASTLAKE | 495 |
| HYNES INDUSTRIES | 462 |
| CRAWFORD AE LLC (DBA AIR ENTERPRISES) | 450 |
| BWX TECHNOLOGIES INC NUCLEAR OPERATIONS GROUP | 436 |
| AMG TITANIUM ALLOYS & COATINGS | 423 |
| GREER STEEL CO | 423 |
| NORTH AMERICAN FORGEMASTERS | 420 |
| HERITAGE THERMAL SERVICES | 384 |
| PREMIUM BUILDING PRODUCTS | 352 |
| SPECIALTY METALS PROCESSING INC | 352 |
| BPI INC NEW CASTLE PLANT | 344 |
| CRONIMET SPECIALTY METALS USA INC | 342 |
| ELLWOOD REMELT STEEL | 336 |
| CLEVELAND RANGE LLC | 327 |
| WHIRLPOOL CORP - CLYDE OPERATIONS | 323 |
| PCC AIRFOILS RENAISSANCE PARK | 312 |
| WABTEC US RAIL INC | 310 |
| BASF TODA AMERICA LLC | 306 |
| TWB CO | 300 |
| MTD CONSUMER GROUP INC - WILLARD FACILITY | 279 |
| JBT FOODTECH | 270 |
| PRAXAIR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES INC | 270 |
| BUNTING BEARINGS LLC | 261 |
| DAMASCUSS STEEL LLC | 256 |
| STEEL WAREHOUSE OF OHIO | 254 |
| SWAGELOK PROCESSING CO | 248 |
| ATI PRECISION FINISHING LLC - ROCHESTER FACILITY | 240 |
| IPSCO KOPPEL TUBULARS CORP | 224 |
| TMS INTERNATIONAL LLC/NEW CASTLE PLT | 220 |
| MORGAN TRUCK BODY LLC | 216 |
| CONSOLIDATED PRECISION PRODUCTS EUCLID | 210 |
| CHEVRON INC | 204 |
| W H SAMMIS PLANT | 180 |
| WHEMCO-STEEL CASTINGS INC | 180 |
| WRAYCO | 176 |
| ERIE BRONZE & ALUMINUM | 160 |
| MAIN STEEL POLISHING CO. | 153 |
| U.S. TSUBAKI INC. - CONVEYOR & CONSTRUCTION CHAIN DIV | 150 |
| BEAVER VALLEY ALLOY FOUNDRY CO | 140 |
| US BRONZE FOUNDRY & MACHINE INC. | 140 |
| HOMER LAUGHLIN CHINA CO | 136 |
| ELLWOOD CRANKSHAFT GROUP SHARON FORGE | 132 |
| ATI PRECISION FINISHING LLC - ZELIENOPLE | 130 |
| ELLWOOD CRANKSHAFT & MACHINE | 128 |
| ZEKELMAN INDUSTRIES CO DBA WHEATLAND TUBE CO-COUNCIL | 128 |
| STEIN LLC | 126 |
| 400 ROBINSON FANS | 110 |
| TIMKEN CO BUCYRUS BEARING PLANT | 110 |
| BRUCE MANSFIELD POWER PLANT | 108 |
| PPG EUCLID PRETREATMENT & SPECIALTY PRODUCTS | 108 |
| BESCAST INC | 104 |
| ELLWOOD CITY FORGE - X PLANT | 104 |
| KYKLOS BEARING INTERNATIONAL LLC | 100 |
| ULTIUM CELLS LLC | 99 |
| PATRIOT SPECIAL METALS | 96 |
| VIKING TOOL & GAGE | 96 |
| GE DOVER PRODUCTS PLANT | 94 |
| ATI PRECISION FINISHING LLC - MONACA | 90 |
| BRIGHTON ELECTRIC STEEL CASTING CO | 88 |
| CARMEUSE LIME INC MAPLE GROVE OPERATIONS | 81 |
| AMERICAN ROLL FORMED PRODUCTS | 76 |
| BUCYRUS BLADES INC | 70 |
| ASTRALLOY STEEL PRODUCTS INC | 68 |
| GE TRANSPORTATION GROVE CITY UX PLANT | 66 |
| CLEVELAND-CLIFFS STEEL CORP | 60 |
| MATERION BRUSH INC | 60 |
| ERGON WEST VIRGINIA INC | 57 |
| JEWEL ACQUISITION LLC - MIDLAND PLANT | 54 |
| TAPCO TUBE CO/MEADVILLE | 54 |
| BAERLOCHER USA | 50 |
| SHELL CHEMICAL APPALACHIA LLC | 44 |
| MCWANE DUCTILE OHIO | 42 |
| AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER CONESVILLE PLANT | 32 |
| HARSCO METALS - KOPPEL | 31 |
| GORMAN RUPP CO | 28 |
| LIBERTAS COPPER LLC | 28 |
| HARSCO METALS MIDLAND | 27 |
| GENERAL PARTITIONS MANUFACTURING CORP | 24 |
| O’NEAL MANUFACTURING SERVICES | 24 |
| PARKER AUTOCLAVE ENGINEERS / INSTRUMENT PRODUCTS DIV | 24 |
| CHARTER STEEL RISINGSUN | 20 |
| ERIE CERAMIC ARTS CO LLC | 20 |
| WEBSTER INDUSTRIES | 18 |
| GRACO-HIGH PRESSURE | 12 |
| CLEVELAND-CLIFFS WEIRTON LLC | 11 |
| KMA MANUFACTURING LLC | 11 |
| GE TRANSPORTATION - ERIE | 10 |
| PRESTRESS SERVICES INDUSTRIES LLC - PLANT 6 | 10 |
| AMERIDRIVES COUPLINGS | 9 |
Top 5 Facilities are all located in OH. but there are facilities that are located in PA and WV. The counts shows the number of times a facility appears per chemical release (number of rows with each facility).
| Facility | State | Count |
|---|---|---|
| CLEVELAND-CLIFFS CLEVELAND WORKS LLC | OH | 4572 |
| VIBRANTZ CORP | OH | 4278 |
| THE LINCOLN ELECTRIC CO | OH | 2990 |
| POLYMER ADDITIVES INC DBA VALTRIS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS | OH | 2960 |
| FEDERAL METAL CO | OH | 2682 |
| AMERICAN TANK & FABRICATING CO | OH | 2440 |
| State | Count |
|---|---|
| OH | 121045 |
| PA | 14725 |
| WV | 204 |
| Chemical | Median CncTxCn |
|---|---|
| Cadmium | 0.0393755 |
| Cadmium compounds | 1.5202100 |
| Nickel | 0.2562180 |
| Nickel compounds | 0.3138880 |
Previous map From Thu meeting, hot spot Getis Ord Gi using ArcGIS
Release number acts as unique number
FALSE
290 Chemical per zip code
Cadmium and nickle zoom the map choropleth Check the concentration of each facility. Check which companies causes burden, bar graph
9/23/25 Cadmium & Nickle analysis
Mapping Cadmium, Cadmium compounds, Nickel, and Nickel compounds
Now, We merged (Cadmium + Cadmium compounds) and (Nickel + Nickel compounds) into Cadmium and Nickle. sqrt transformation was used in the map because CncTxCn is positively skewed.
Again we merged (Cadmium + Cadmium compounds) and (Nickel + Nickel compounds) into Cadmium and Nickle. Got the Top 10 facilities with highest CncTxCn of total both chemicals: By summing CncTxCn for each facility then showing the top 10 facilities with the highest total concentration
Sum of each chemical at each facility. Then calculated the total concentration for each facility-chemical pair. visualized the top 10
Similar bar graph but in percentages. Percent = (Facility total emission/total emissions of all facilities)*100. Then visualized the top 10 facilities only
Percent within chemical of cadmium: Total cadmium CncTxCn for celevalnd cliff only/ total all CncTxCn fro every facility for cadmium
4/29/2026 using Conc
Study criteria: 10 years zip codes data from 2013-2022 in Catchment area. Data structure is long format per ZIP code * Release * Chemical * Year, was aggregated later.
Conc or Concentration is a variable from RSEI. It’s defined as the raw concentration of chemicals for geographic unit (µg/m3).
We aggregated the Conc at zip code level. We got the cumulative (total) concentration for each chemical across all years.
The data format after aggregating and getting the cumulative concentration is zip code * chemical
We have 290 zip codes in this data. 15 chemicals in each zip code. Some zip codes have less than 15 chemicals.
We mapped only non zero chemicals for better visibility of variation among exposed areas.
We used sqrt to transform the data for mapping because of extreme right skewness.
Now, Won’t merge Cadmium, Cadmium compounds and Nickel, Nickel compounds.sqrt transformation was used in the map because Conc is positively skewed.
Top 10 facilities that produce the highest raw concetrations
Similar bar graph but in percentages. Percent = (Facility total emission/total emissions of all facilities)*100. Then visualized the top 10 facilities only. Total emission: Cadmium and Nickel
The bar chart represent the porportion of contribution of each chemical combined in all years and zip codes /all chemicals in the dataset combined. Then we showed the top 20 (To save space because there are so many facilities with small concentrations)
