library(readxl)
library(ggpubr)
## Loading required package: ggplot2
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(effectsize)
library(effsize)
A6Q3 <- read_excel("Downloads/A6Q3.xlsx")
A6Q3 %>%
  group_by(Exercise) %>%
  summarise(
    Mean = mean(Weight, na.rm = TRUE),
    Median = median(Weight, na.rm = TRUE),
    SD = sd(Weight, na.rm = TRUE),
    N = n()
  )
## # A tibble: 2 × 5
##   Exercise  Mean Median    SD     N
##   <chr>    <dbl>  <dbl> <dbl> <int>
## 1 cardio    74.7   73.3  7.57    25
## 2 nocardio  70.8   69.5  7.35    25
hist(A6Q3$Weight[A6Q3$Exercise == "cardio"],
     main = "Histogram of cardio weight",
     xlab = "Value",
     ylab = "Frequency",
     col = "lightblue",
     border = "black",
     breaks = 10)

hist(A6Q3$Weight[A6Q3$Exercise == "nocardio"],
     main = "Histogram of nocardio weight",
     xlab = "Value",
     ylab = "Frequency",
     col = "lightgreen",
     border = "black",
     breaks = 10)

Group 1: cardio The first variable looks normally distributed. The data is symmetrical. The data has a proper bell curve.

Group 2: nocardio The second variable looks normally distributed. The data is symmetrical. The data has a proper bell curve.

ggboxplot(A6Q3, x = "Exercise", y = "Weight",
          color = "Exercise",
          palette = "jco",
          add = "jitter")

Boxplot 1: nocardio There are dots outside the boxplot. The dots are close to the whiskers. Based on these findings, the boxplot is normal.

Boxplot 2: cardio There are dots outside the boxplot. The dots are close to the whiskers. Based on these findings, the boxplot is normal.

shapiro.test(A6Q3$Weight[A6Q3$Exercise == "cardio"])
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  A6Q3$Weight[A6Q3$Exercise == "cardio"]
## W = 0.96745, p-value = 0.5812
shapiro.test(A6Q3$Weight[A6Q3$Exercise == "nocardio"])
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  A6Q3$Weight[A6Q3$Exercise == "nocardio"]
## W = 0.97686, p-value = 0.8166

Group 1: cardio The first group is normally distributed, (p = .5812).

Group 2: nocardio The second group is normally distributed, (p = .8166).

t.test(Weight ~ Exercise, data = A6Q3, var.equal = TRUE)
## 
##  Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  Weight by Exercise
## t = 1.8552, df = 48, p-value = 0.06971
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group cardio and group nocardio is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.3280454  8.1605622
## sample estimates:
##   mean in group cardio mean in group nocardio 
##               74.73336               70.81710

An Independent T-Test was conducted to determine if there was a difference in body weight between participants who do cardio versus participants who do not do cardio. Cardio scores (M = 74.70, SD = 7.57) were not significantly different from nocardio scores (M = 70.80, SD = 7.35), t(48) = 1.86, p >.05.