# 1. Alat
if(!require(tidyverse)) install.packages("tidyverse")
if(!require(caret)) install.packages("caret")

library(tidyverse)
library(caret)
set.seed(2024)
n_samples <- 1000
#2. Membuat karakteristik 1000 mahasiswa UNNES
ipk          <- runif(n_samples, 1.5, 4.0)
kehadiran    <- runif(n_samples, 50, 100)
status_kerja <- rbinom(n_samples, 1, 0.3)
beban_sks    <- sample(12:24, n_samples, replace = TRUE)
# Menentukan Logika Dropout (Nasib)
z <- 12 + (-4.5 * ipk) + (-0.05 * kehadiran) + (1.5 * status_kerja) + (-0.1 * beban_sks) + rnorm(n_samples, 0, 2)
prob_dropout <- 1 / (1 + exp(-z))
dropout      <- ifelse(prob_dropout > 0.5, 1, 0)
df <- data.frame(
  IPK = ipk, 
  Kehadiran = kehadiran,
  Status_Kerja = as.factor(status_kerja),
  Beban_SKS = beban_sks,
  Dropout = factor(dropout, levels = c(0, 1))
)
#3. Chek up data
head(df, 20)
##         IPK Kehadiran Status_Kerja Beban_SKS Dropout
## 1  3.592356  89.04524            0        15       0
## 2  2.302169  68.27175            1        19       0
## 3  3.200908  61.61661            0        15       0
## 4  3.245433  87.15642            0        24       0
## 5  2.642523  89.39329            0        21       0
## 6  3.253551  65.72174            0        18       0
## 7  2.539277  75.31652            0        17       0
## 8  2.258023  86.57884            0        21       0
## 9  3.691470  99.36211            0        20       0
## 10 1.797621  69.00770            1        12       1
## 11 3.754707  60.19130            0        12       0
## 12 3.882770  71.73747            0        18       0
## 13 3.258883  50.91535            0        21       0
## 14 2.789464  68.70674            1        14       0
## 15 2.623641  98.06522            0        14       0
## 16 3.605579  85.99870            0        13       0
## 17 1.775778  73.37827            0        16       1
## 18 3.658038  86.45705            0        24       0
## 19 1.827673  57.05499            0        15       0
## 20 2.238567  86.45970            1        22       0
str(df)
## 'data.frame':    1000 obs. of  5 variables:
##  $ IPK         : num  3.59 2.3 3.2 3.25 2.64 ...
##  $ Kehadiran   : num  89 68.3 61.6 87.2 89.4 ...
##  $ Status_Kerja: Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 ...
##  $ Beban_SKS   : int  15 19 15 24 21 18 17 21 20 12 ...
##  $ Dropout     : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 ...
colSums(is.na(df))
##          IPK    Kehadiran Status_Kerja    Beban_SKS      Dropout 
##            0            0            0            0            0
summary(df)
##       IPK          Kehadiran     Status_Kerja   Beban_SKS     Dropout
##  Min.   :1.501   Min.   :50.09   0:708        Min.   :12.00   0:916  
##  1st Qu.:2.165   1st Qu.:62.48   1:292        1st Qu.:15.00   1: 84  
##  Median :2.786   Median :74.07                Median :18.00          
##  Mean   :2.770   Mean   :74.64                Mean   :17.73          
##  3rd Qu.:3.387   3rd Qu.:87.09                3rd Qu.:21.00          
##  Max.   :3.996   Max.   :99.95                Max.   :24.00
print(df)
##           IPK Kehadiran Status_Kerja Beban_SKS Dropout
## 1    3.592356  89.04524            0        15       0
## 2    2.302169  68.27175            1        19       0
## 3    3.200908  61.61661            0        15       0
## 4    3.245433  87.15642            0        24       0
## 5    2.642523  89.39329            0        21       0
## 6    3.253551  65.72174            0        18       0
## 7    2.539277  75.31652            0        17       0
## 8    2.258023  86.57884            0        21       0
## 9    3.691470  99.36211            0        20       0
## 10   1.797621  69.00770            1        12       1
## 11   3.754707  60.19130            0        12       0
## 12   3.882770  71.73747            0        18       0
## 13   3.258883  50.91535            0        21       0
## 14   2.789464  68.70674            1        14       0
## 15   2.623641  98.06522            0        14       0
## 16   3.605579  85.99870            0        13       0
## 17   1.775778  73.37827            0        16       1
## 18   3.658038  86.45705            0        24       0
## 19   1.827673  57.05499            0        15       0
## 20   2.238567  86.45970            1        22       0
## 21   1.618174  76.44114            0        21       1
## 22   1.779981  62.32212            0        24       0
## 23   3.201090  83.59680            1        15       0
## 24   3.624996  68.52047            0        13       0
## 25   3.493373  58.74031            0        22       0
## 26   2.230768  69.05124            1        22       0
## 27   3.038118  90.64961            0        22       0
## 28   3.538958  83.25786            1        24       0
## 29   1.501324  64.31084            0        20       1
## 30   1.552817  57.40879            0        20       0
## 31   2.602819  59.95583            0        14       0
## 32   2.225724  79.79812            0        16       0
## 33   1.940504  62.51029            1        16       0
## 34   3.933449  73.49042            0        19       0
## 35   3.187907  67.52887            0        12       0
## 36   3.202387  76.29984            0        23       0
## 37   1.635313  70.44698            0        21       1
## 38   3.915300  58.40177            0        24       0
## 39   1.555345  50.84655            0        19       1
## 40   3.118419  58.39554            1        15       0
## 41   3.682130  60.49806            0        19       0
## 42   3.776143  92.46678            0        17       0
## 43   3.059715  66.26567            0        12       0
## 44   2.479856  61.23313            0        18       0
## 45   3.628633  61.09776            0        14       0
## 46   2.620450  79.04027            1        13       0
## 47   2.539176  51.24337            0        12       0
## 48   2.198082  93.86594            0        23       0
## 49   3.135883  67.81951            0        15       0
## 50   3.126208  92.65228            0        23       0
## 51   1.653341  97.70028            0        15       0
## 52   3.352725  95.31308            0        16       0
## 53   2.632387  56.38301            0        21       0
## 54   2.723725  94.84537            0        15       0
## 55   3.383082  89.22192            1        23       0
## 56   3.289649  56.94810            0        16       0
## 57   1.549762  88.38091            1        24       0
## 58   1.979807  87.82809            0        12       1
## 59   2.641083  81.51253            0        19       0
## 60   2.195510  85.30625            0        13       0
## 61   1.687407  59.81721            0        23       0
## 62   2.566478  88.71262            0        24       0
## 63   2.431159  56.14806            0        12       0
## 64   3.098525  59.66003            0        15       0
## 65   2.266702  70.11008            0        16       0
## 66   3.537055  89.09851            0        23       0
## 67   3.714383  86.78279            0        13       0
## 68   3.297080  56.22759            0        19       0
## 69   2.272243  79.52924            0        23       0
## 70   2.218098  97.96846            0        16       0
## 71   3.128955  98.93559            0        12       0
## 72   1.996098  94.41954            0        12       0
## 73   3.080167  72.07006            1        18       0
## 74   2.610022  68.05799            0        16       0
## 75   2.280821  60.01582            0        20       0
## 76   3.271287  91.65967            1        21       0
## 77   2.210194  51.67018            1        21       0
## 78   1.589737  59.79243            0        18       1
## 79   3.164517  78.25290            0        24       0
## 80   2.050968  89.79785            0        13       0
## 81   1.978696  56.54662            0        19       0
## 82   2.113391  91.20210            0        12       0
## 83   2.745321  65.66761            1        18       0
## 84   1.544054  73.87969            0        24       0
## 85   3.224581  81.46274            0        19       0
## 86   2.707282  85.60541            1        20       0
## 87   3.939355  57.03343            0        14       0
## 88   2.269749  96.87815            1        24       0
## 89   1.789200  67.34085            0        19       0
## 90   3.646914  75.17727            0        19       0
## 91   2.879726  97.12168            1        13       0
## 92   3.772824  89.13251            0        14       0
## 93   3.072362  87.57323            1        19       0
## 94   1.598744  83.89972            0        12       0
## 95   3.369959  62.38086            0        20       0
## 96   1.958150  58.41140            0        17       0
## 97   3.346466  67.62288            0        15       0
## 98   2.766974  53.52375            0        23       0
## 99   3.934594  75.67204            0        14       0
## 100  2.926379  73.34923            0        12       0
## 101  2.224012  88.21988            1        24       0
## 102  3.176523  95.95823            0        21       0
## 103  2.054810  82.87042            0        19       0
## 104  2.825970  70.96278            0        24       0
## 105  2.147287  83.43034            0        22       0
## 106  3.561302  50.55978            1        23       0
## 107  1.880213  70.89962            0        15       0
## 108  1.660714  82.46145            0        15       0
## 109  2.119920  70.77386            1        17       0
## 110  3.507486  67.49681            0        23       0
## 111  1.689604  79.76090            0        16       1
## 112  3.049122  54.99534            0        21       0
## 113  3.536846  52.23233            1        20       0
## 114  1.720164  54.71969            0        24       0
## 115  2.513823  96.83736            0        17       0
## 116  3.758348  66.08336            0        22       0
## 117  3.603606  69.14442            1        18       0
## 118  1.920500  71.00780            0        16       0
## 119  2.717502  84.87677            1        20       0
## 120  2.151778  73.25480            0        24       0
## 121  3.861035  95.51382            0        18       0
## 122  1.658835  79.43812            0        19       0
## 123  3.512900  98.76150            0        16       0
## 124  1.803739  63.66861            1        22       1
## 125  3.262098  63.16848            0        14       0
## 126  1.539025  90.93181            1        23       0
## 127  2.923892  72.95663            0        21       0
## 128  3.530626  72.75864            1        22       0
## 129  3.875269  52.37484            0        23       0
## 130  3.988280  54.94235            0        17       0
## 131  2.621808  80.08772            1        20       1
## 132  1.535649  97.64527            0        14       0
## 133  1.557485  73.34525            0        23       0
## 134  2.617943  52.64285            1        18       0
## 135  3.406460  84.98888            0        15       0
## 136  3.198882  93.39203            0        24       0
## 137  3.221335  78.42223            0        17       0
## 138  1.730959  55.89038            1        13       1
## 139  1.542633  51.59373            1        24       1
## 140  3.001363  88.09535            0        19       0
## 141  3.677599  57.94922            0        18       0
## 142  2.375660  80.72580            0        14       0
## 143  1.783706  58.50677            0        14       1
## 144  2.660071  96.43828            0        16       0
## 145  3.040834  89.56324            1        22       0
## 146  3.986126  85.82420            1        22       0
## 147  2.824999  53.51724            0        21       0
## 148  2.151905  87.44585            0        16       0
## 149  2.944394  89.75531            1        21       0
## 150  2.447619  95.83036            1        15       0
## 151  2.443080  96.86930            1        16       0
## 152  2.606936  60.74072            0        12       0
## 153  3.805959  64.25424            0        21       0
## 154  1.953529  98.57511            1        22       0
## 155  3.382113  71.61284            0        12       0
## 156  2.593044  87.41330            1        18       0
## 157  1.873589  93.66194            1        18       0
## 158  1.533342  67.56186            0        23       0
## 159  2.765641  53.75183            0        18       0
## 160  1.918281  76.46910            0        13       0
## 161  1.767238  55.54718            1        15       1
## 162  3.418554  70.53756            1        18       0
## 163  3.598417  89.86602            0        22       0
## 164  1.919966  72.41470            1        14       0
## 165  3.515491  51.58292            1        24       0
## 166  3.496310  98.21070            0        23       0
## 167  1.599066  59.25881            0        23       0
## 168  3.054932  82.50389            0        23       0
## 169  2.897869  89.27247            0        12       0
## 170  2.470274  74.12315            0        23       0
## 171  3.666291  78.44661            1        16       0
## 172  3.283502  89.61443            0        24       0
## 173  2.568740  77.73737            0        19       0
## 174  3.535770  72.44937            0        16       0
## 175  2.498223  58.27818            0        12       0
## 176  3.092577  83.84433            0        12       0
## 177  2.502329  98.24624            1        24       0
## 178  1.521966  64.68251            1        16       1
## 179  3.482319  96.58231            0        22       0
## 180  2.948352  83.56716            0        15       0
## 181  1.774583  75.23586            0        19       1
## 182  3.820887  87.32381            0        17       0
## 183  2.252758  55.43429            1        13       0
## 184  3.361116  62.19611            0        12       0
## 185  2.101236  54.34051            0        16       0
## 186  3.985427  66.35590            0        13       0
## 187  3.385241  84.27441            0        17       0
## 188  3.358290  79.38560            1        17       0
## 189  3.270036  69.55341            0        14       0
## 190  1.814434  50.82196            0        17       0
## 191  1.548553  68.81799            0        15       1
## 192  1.567162  66.53418            0        14       1
## 193  1.804610  68.41827            0        17       0
## 194  1.702358  68.30747            1        20       1
## 195  1.797873  96.57787            0        19       0
## 196  1.608931  53.00586            0        16       1
## 197  2.720324  84.80216            0        13       0
## 198  2.701457  74.23895            1        13       0
## 199  3.688103  68.96162            0        12       0
## 200  3.789167  70.40666            0        17       0
## 201  3.966002  50.24509            0        14       0
## 202  1.575870  52.67772            0        18       0
## 203  3.175199  95.06276            0        12       0
## 204  1.799309  84.98078            0        19       0
## 205  3.628911  86.34992            0        17       0
## 206  1.592855  91.67627            1        15       0
## 207  2.875015  77.58982            0        21       0
## 208  2.516540  83.92847            0        15       0
## 209  1.757227  79.27933            0        13       0
## 210  3.595034  97.32526            1        13       0
## 211  3.114829  60.06779            1        17       0
## 212  3.731100  94.22055            1        17       0
## 213  2.552233  72.76631            1        14       0
## 214  2.653440  73.16911            0        14       0
## 215  3.689776  50.90069            0        18       0
## 216  2.627504  67.92011            0        24       0
## 217  2.217896  73.27437            0        23       0
## 218  3.517574  74.47475            0        12       0
## 219  1.819028  65.51987            0        18       0
## 220  1.862697  96.35159            1        20       0
## 221  1.744854  55.36158            0        20       0
## 222  2.892487  54.01746            0        17       0
## 223  3.674164  94.20073            0        22       0
## 224  2.741634  85.55898            0        19       0
## 225  2.104128  62.85724            0        13       0
## 226  3.660063  70.38758            0        24       0
## 227  2.721205  97.22641            1        14       0
## 228  3.898856  78.42607            1        17       0
## 229  2.164984  84.20183            0        18       0
## 230  2.699016  92.69820            0        15       0
## 231  1.583994  59.67281            0        21       1
## 232  1.949513  55.38357            0        22       0
## 233  3.928991  90.56712            0        15       0
## 234  2.215156  56.63974            0        19       1
## 235  3.254790  99.42081            1        24       0
## 236  3.827139  82.48050            1        20       0
## 237  2.488963  75.99674            0        24       0
## 238  1.854009  63.21653            0        23       0
## 239  3.544589  77.83867            0        15       0
## 240  3.841764  72.67706            0        20       0
## 241  2.488503  89.63378            0        12       0
## 242  1.599191  56.62875            0        13       0
## 243  2.428103  57.07454            0        15       0
## 244  2.519541  70.06489            1        12       0
## 245  1.740430  68.33379            0        16       0
## 246  1.857396  74.73673            0        21       0
## 247  2.554501  61.49933            0        17       0
## 248  3.556914  68.57752            1        22       0
## 249  2.096014  71.05928            1        20       0
## 250  3.485321  62.40456            0        13       0
## 251  2.778761  90.54055            1        20       0
## 252  1.855934  77.49483            0        18       0
## 253  1.853811  69.47011            1        18       1
## 254  2.771489  52.98726            1        18       0
## 255  1.843656  56.21654            0        14       1
## 256  2.534970  85.22337            0        13       0
## 257  2.211687  71.84082            1        15       0
## 258  2.244114  92.83927            1        13       1
## 259  3.245786  71.82903            0        12       0
## 260  1.508529  60.89149            1        24       0
## 261  1.914949  54.20582            0        18       0
## 262  1.655192  75.89089            1        19       0
## 263  2.882771  57.88762            0        15       0
## 264  3.303532  67.71511            0        14       0
## 265  2.144844  52.29554            0        13       0
## 266  2.956009  85.12316            0        24       0
## 267  2.786625  68.50676            1        14       0
## 268  1.986312  56.00012            1        24       0
## 269  3.886408  60.49936            0        14       0
## 270  3.970229  95.59944            1        16       0
## 271  1.999035  94.55265            1        14       0
## 272  1.703069  87.28462            0        16       1
## 273  1.787300  56.71314            0        12       0
## 274  1.642674  86.17165            1        17       1
## 275  3.253193  87.86914            0        15       0
## 276  2.662465  55.99155            0        20       0
## 277  3.069606  78.64106            1        20       0
## 278  1.797037  88.08344            1        22       0
## 279  2.455308  96.01407            0        18       0
## 280  3.970278  77.28036            0        17       0
## 281  3.273590  60.83841            0        16       0
## 282  2.969478  63.49439            1        16       0
## 283  1.765724  65.37876            0        21       0
## 284  2.911523  65.52191            0        24       0
## 285  2.032211  87.90148            0        13       0
## 286  2.411927  90.77569            0        13       0
## 287  3.898409  88.83337            1        18       0
## 288  3.966403  96.48493            1        15       0
## 289  3.515550  78.81620            0        14       0
## 290  1.595969  93.64980            1        19       0
## 291  3.419182  54.83239            0        23       0
## 292  3.645663  87.64617            0        22       0
## 293  3.896611  58.68941            1        19       0
## 294  3.340588  70.62641            0        22       0
## 295  2.887572  98.88361            0        23       0
## 296  2.457747  96.42538            0        13       0
## 297  3.521029  65.56486            0        16       0
## 298  3.346216  79.86721            0        16       0
## 299  3.632995  51.02864            0        19       0
## 300  1.972167  64.36488            0        20       0
## 301  1.819194  91.87393            0        24       0
## 302  3.077178  67.44199            0        20       0
## 303  2.706472  60.09095            1        12       0
## 304  3.255765  95.32203            0        16       0
## 305  3.979141  67.04008            0        14       0
## 306  1.729626  75.81686            0        24       0
## 307  3.733328  69.55133            1        13       0
## 308  3.003025  72.48980            0        15       0
## 309  2.053694  85.50511            0        14       0
## 310  3.593572  68.45182            0        21       0
## 311  1.503953  93.07447            0        15       0
## 312  2.182637  88.65053            0        16       0
## 313  3.072531  62.86694            0        17       0
## 314  2.382189  84.05403            1        20       0
## 315  2.449733  68.81733            0        12       0
## 316  1.654830  80.30373            1        16       1
## 317  2.095167  71.29258            0        20       0
## 318  3.981626  96.66282            0        18       0
## 319  3.037379  75.53593            0        19       0
## 320  1.619879  77.46943            0        21       0
## 321  3.897444  86.11386            0        12       0
## 322  3.114529  62.29666            1        17       0
## 323  2.747435  64.16383            1        15       0
## 324  3.788159  50.98543            0        18       0
## 325  2.745548  77.95602            0        19       0
## 326  2.487630  73.51150            0        15       0
## 327  3.852138  90.14186            0        13       0
## 328  3.905441  74.07070            1        20       0
## 329  2.379462  52.30967            0        16       0
## 330  1.977447  56.26623            0        21       1
## 331  2.158510  84.91240            0        13       0
## 332  3.944471  82.28553            0        12       0
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## 722  2.041197  86.35570            0        18       0
## 723  3.272083  53.98761            0        14       0
## 724  3.961503  69.37452            1        14       0
## 725  2.067068  63.39020            1        20       0
## 726  1.864929  50.21425            0        19       0
## 727  2.142910  79.48918            0        12       0
## 728  3.415305  79.40619            1        13       0
## 729  3.176723  82.85725            0        13       0
## 730  3.147060  63.00186            0        13       0
## 731  2.245901  68.24687            0        14       0
## 732  1.917433  65.15832            0        12       1
## 733  2.920052  93.77548            0        20       0
## 734  3.632098  97.15272            1        24       0
## 735  2.865945  72.78429            0        17       0
## 736  1.664277  94.83561            0        12       0
## 737  3.306461  61.47632            0        24       0
## 738  2.739890  52.63759            0        18       0
## 739  2.096469  75.73895            0        18       0
## 740  1.876789  64.71945            0        15       0
## 741  3.898573  93.17431            0        14       0
## 742  1.813452  66.95683            1        18       1
## 743  2.338796  88.23177            0        14       0
## 744  2.743419  74.84610            0        13       0
## 745  2.349980  71.03543            1        20       0
## 746  3.469197  50.52815            1        13       0
## 747  2.601700  59.93597            0        17       0
## 748  2.579983  83.67257            0        18       0
## 749  2.798899  97.35568            0        22       0
## 750  3.132585  55.73539            1        24       0
## 751  2.620783  99.06730            0        18       0
## 752  2.952043  98.26658            0        19       0
## 753  2.543195  63.46994            0        24       0
## 754  1.682258  99.01758            0        14       0
## 755  2.304298  79.82977            0        18       0
## 756  2.730672  54.56282            0        13       0
## 757  3.974939  75.17686            0        14       0
## 758  1.681366  82.75190            1        19       1
## 759  1.999435  63.35286            0        15       0
## 760  3.364612  76.12781            1        18       0
## 761  2.922594  89.61326            0        17       0
## 762  3.439669  70.78211            0        14       0
## 763  2.508376  51.33362            1        23       0
## 764  2.835925  82.26962            1        12       0
## 765  3.010715  67.51426            0        17       0
## 766  3.977412  57.68965            1        20       0
## 767  2.780872  79.48537            0        22       0
## 768  2.682100  51.97339            0        13       0
## 769  3.841776  87.18732            0        18       0
## 770  2.604056  76.27713            0        13       0
## 771  3.129732  85.92412            0        19       0
## 772  1.724073  81.64875            0        16       0
## 773  1.632903  83.89956            0        20       0
## 774  1.552747  61.53400            1        17       1
## 775  3.485490  96.17689            0        18       0
## 776  2.692402  67.07557            1        22       0
## 777  2.618365  86.98712            0        18       0
## 778  2.908557  77.02301            1        20       0
## 779  3.715292  91.19898            0        16       0
## 780  3.925461  97.62359            0        23       0
## 781  2.764299  67.18617            0        15       0
## 782  3.888400  99.92048            0        14       0
## 783  3.428500  96.31568            1        15       0
## 784  1.774792  88.27057            1        22       0
## 785  3.535656  64.76451            1        12       0
## 786  2.432557  96.20632            0        18       0
## 787  1.815856  57.51959            0        15       0
## 788  3.106802  61.96746            1        19       0
## 789  3.804898  91.99765            0        19       0
## 790  1.733681  64.22199            1        23       1
## 791  3.273759  51.45924            0        16       0
## 792  2.989186  67.65289            0        22       0
## 793  2.348313  77.77500            0        15       0
## 794  2.384472  94.67662            0        16       0
## 795  2.591319  99.45076            0        14       0
## 796  3.037632  72.96220            0        15       0
## 797  1.720815  94.90838            0        19       0
## 798  2.056040  52.35468            1        16       0
## 799  2.568421  75.69410            1        20       0
## 800  2.008649  72.18382            0        16       0
## 801  3.943183  84.07843            0        23       0
## 802  1.942227  93.91156            0        19       0
## 803  3.461925  63.83909            1        12       0
## 804  2.051759  68.73179            0        13       0
## 805  2.938269  52.83802            0        21       0
## 806  2.882741  64.16568            1        12       0
## 807  2.008579  79.19628            0        22       0
## 808  2.595192  52.49110            1        15       0
## 809  3.577393  91.95144            1        15       0
## 810  1.952620  82.31580            0        16       0
## 811  1.549226  75.00202            1        18       0
## 812  2.243441  80.10963            0        15       0
## 813  2.993101  62.69620            0        16       0
## 814  2.732483  66.43314            1        16       0
## 815  2.645696  70.32674            0        12       0
## 816  2.783197  67.51388            0        14       0
## 817  3.066002  75.74743            0        23       0
## 818  2.778898  94.55364            1        13       0
## 819  3.398929  98.60484            0        24       0
## 820  2.330406  62.13030            0        24       0
## 821  3.797322  73.33277            1        19       0
## 822  2.752068  82.47558            0        15       0
## 823  2.826363  70.25380            0        19       0
## 824  2.091080  80.00846            0        13       0
## 825  3.484901  55.78180            0        20       0
## 826  2.174098  71.63197            1        18       0
## 827  3.420222  86.74370            1        24       0
## 828  2.013193  64.01996            0        12       1
## 829  3.425516  73.25361            0        17       0
## 830  1.954600  82.34797            0        19       0
## 831  2.826266  61.75497            0        23       0
## 832  2.915519  73.25955            0        19       0
## 833  1.850087  86.61459            0        20       0
## 834  2.200985  85.79979            0        16       0
## 835  2.026434  79.18826            0        16       0
## 836  2.054258  63.46384            0        24       0
## 837  1.648565  75.31522            0        20       1
## 838  2.715355  57.70706            0        12       0
## 839  3.323103  82.75940            0        13       0
## 840  3.001367  94.58698            1        14       0
## 841  1.607389  78.73596            0        17       0
## 842  2.448023  93.90595            0        23       0
## 843  3.855982  86.28888            1        24       0
## 844  3.571908  72.03191            1        21       0
## 845  2.648566  92.12542            0        20       0
## 846  3.028278  61.01765            0        15       0
## 847  2.331652  76.32490            0        22       0
## 848  2.468214  72.48130            0        24       0
## 849  3.507810  65.15162            0        16       0
## 850  3.191542  54.16499            0        15       0
## 851  2.462121  67.54660            1        23       0
## 852  1.800000  99.91109            0        16       0
## 853  3.819502  52.45991            1        12       0
## 854  2.409789  51.62046            0        18       0
## 855  1.707778  89.65427            0        22       0
## 856  3.055686  99.78611            1        17       0
## 857  3.474286  91.66931            0        15       0
## 858  2.864357  54.39387            0        21       0
## 859  3.803894  96.83209            0        24       0
## 860  3.660921  70.07002            0        13       0
## 861  3.955194  62.83342            0        24       0
## 862  3.681437  51.69470            1        21       0
## 863  3.814384  93.32557            0        24       0
## 864  2.411413  72.24897            0        21       0
## 865  3.591634  55.11285            0        17       0
## 866  3.075224  94.76909            0        18       0
## 867  1.949435  90.50584            0        20       1
## 868  2.507706  80.97445            0        13       0
## 869  3.598309  99.26912            1        23       0
## 870  2.498652  80.06683            0        24       0
## 871  3.596160  78.91403            0        22       0
## 872  3.896482  95.53657            0        14       0
## 873  1.628980  95.59315            0        17       0
## 874  2.054507  59.08856            0        16       1
## 875  1.964383  78.60556            1        12       1
## 876  3.026293  77.97296            0        18       0
## 877  2.192938  59.88325            0        21       0
## 878  2.286885  78.52011            1        12       0
## 879  2.736887  62.35187            0        22       0
## 880  3.023848  87.41897            1        15       0
## 881  2.172603  59.82418            1        19       0
## 882  3.568607  62.92300            1        24       0
## 883  3.852168  94.77656            0        16       0
## 884  2.974154  75.85624            1        22       0
## 885  2.537223  59.10469            0        20       0
## 886  2.666608  64.10644            0        16       0
## 887  2.320376  67.94476            0        12       0
## 888  3.332499  89.61143            0        15       0
## 889  3.280551  82.35139            1        18       0
## 890  2.816643  51.39545            0        16       0
## 891  2.361150  94.69001            0        19       0
## 892  2.614681  64.67205            0        24       0
## 893  1.775722  74.06592            0        18       0
## 894  3.770336  50.94882            0        17       0
## 895  2.251148  82.80223            0        19       0
## 896  2.093557  86.00954            1        15       0
## 897  2.936999  58.40209            1        23       0
## 898  2.530350  77.69108            0        15       0
## 899  2.352789  86.44548            0        18       0
## 900  2.982593  61.85640            0        15       0
## 901  1.824501  97.65028            1        16       0
## 902  2.667572  90.79450            0        14       0
## 903  3.534833  96.47765            0        13       0
## 904  2.711127  56.16491            1        13       0
## 905  1.989620  51.32088            0        20       0
## 906  3.240183  55.37696            0        12       0
## 907  1.529358  86.19448            1        17       1
## 908  2.974615  52.13689            0        15       0
## 909  3.445681  61.76648            0        14       0
## 910  3.462864  70.23150            0        20       0
## 911  3.580489  52.84628            0        12       0
## 912  1.526111  79.46250            0        21       0
## 913  3.201429  82.27157            0        19       0
## 914  2.226316  82.83164            0        21       0
## 915  3.423814  71.40831            1        15       0
## 916  2.560457  73.48958            1        19       0
## 917  1.783076  76.22776            0        14       0
## 918  1.681845  78.85864            0        23       1
## 919  3.727133  91.79829            0        20       0
## 920  1.566106  71.21002            0        19       0
## 921  3.358356  92.66495            0        16       0
## 922  3.722556  52.83731            0        15       0
## 923  3.343549  60.44842            0        23       0
## 924  1.859315  91.43886            0        12       0
## 925  3.261535  88.32022            0        14       0
## 926  2.655496  79.68912            0        15       0
## 927  3.702595  51.37454            1        18       0
## 928  3.645471  91.45910            1        20       0
## 929  1.645145  65.92851            1        16       1
## 930  2.853066  95.81641            0        12       0
## 931  2.706934  68.27582            0        24       0
## 932  1.522530  91.77812            0        23       0
## 933  2.886188  68.08608            0        18       0
## 934  3.091629  57.33398            0        17       0
## 935  3.756851  81.99713            0        17       0
## 936  1.833797  79.45484            0        13       1
## 937  3.919746  51.84077            0        19       0
## 938  2.485977  66.52769            0        22       0
## 939  2.197172  52.68958            1        17       0
## 940  2.926778  87.24195            1        23       0
## 941  3.451075  91.89629            0        18       0
## 942  1.992862  52.21409            0        24       0
## 943  2.543668  64.23469            0        13       0
## 944  2.242507  66.46331            0        12       0
## 945  2.440681  57.14895            0        22       0
## 946  2.301203  50.80950            0        21       1
## 947  2.709145  69.61147            0        12       0
## 948  2.253883  78.85755            1        12       0
## 949  2.536730  84.78098            0        22       0
## 950  2.347201  92.21088            1        12       0
## 951  2.712999  79.30131            1        24       0
## 952  2.737769  53.35157            1        22       0
## 953  2.689375  79.85440            1        21       0
## 954  1.547995  53.37658            1        24       1
## 955  2.077033  93.85315            0        24       0
## 956  2.857371  64.49185            0        14       0
## 957  2.234825  60.02012            1        14       1
## 958  2.189794  86.40705            1        24       0
## 959  3.362373  51.14945            1        16       0
## 960  2.850161  79.90417            0        23       0
## 961  3.050493  54.11650            0        14       0
## 962  3.962566  83.18263            0        19       0
## 963  2.185095  79.45725            1        17       1
## 964  3.745420  95.39409            0        23       0
## 965  2.109205  68.31259            0        17       0
## 966  2.980445  64.65432            0        15       0
## 967  3.302286  52.09553            0        19       0
## 968  3.216793  76.22379            1        22       0
## 969  1.966118  54.46797            0        15       1
## 970  1.573906  85.25287            0        23       1
## 971  3.090159  81.28234            1        15       0
## 972  3.976373  80.85073            0        16       0
## 973  2.520224  75.72655            0        18       0
## 974  3.588405  93.05308            0        18       0
## 975  2.982247  51.22412            0        22       0
## 976  3.200263  69.64384            0        16       0
## 977  2.278940  59.48217            0        22       0
## 978  2.306773  71.16318            0        20       0
## 979  3.602409  68.64083            1        15       0
## 980  3.885669  82.72960            0        21       0
## 981  2.729842  58.68840            0        22       0
## 982  3.640377  67.93554            1        22       0
## 983  2.617034  89.48593            1        13       0
## 984  3.170660  86.53184            0        12       0
## 985  3.125910  68.54102            0        21       0
## 986  2.532255  70.13590            0        14       0
## 987  2.547017  55.80213            0        17       0
## 988  1.655449  87.70877            0        13       0
## 989  1.993143  85.91366            0        22       0
## 990  3.346894  62.18120            0        17       0
## 991  2.893768  92.66290            0        23       0
## 992  3.278305  59.57020            0        20       0
## 993  2.188608  51.16279            0        13       1
## 994  3.116069  69.68015            0        23       0
## 995  3.570298  66.36159            0        19       0
## 996  2.815826  72.34836            0        13       0
## 997  1.660408  53.88585            1        22       1
## 998  3.274822  60.10570            1        14       0
## 999  3.276149  88.97774            0        19       0
## 1000 3.140389  87.86248            0        12       0
# Visualisasi Karakteristik Data
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
hist(ipk, breaks=20, col="skyblue", main="Distribusi IPK Sintetis", xlab="IPK")
plot(df$Dropout, col=c("green", "red"), main="Proporsi Status Mahasiswa", ylab="Jumlah")

par(mfrow=c(1,1))
# 4. PEMODELAN REGRESI LOGISTIK
model_logit <- glm(Dropout ~ IPK + Kehadiran + Status_Kerja + Beban_SKS, 
                   data = df, family = "binomial")

cat("\n--- RINGKASAN ESTIMASI PARAMETER ---\n")
## 
## --- RINGKASAN ESTIMASI PARAMETER ---
print(summary(model_logit))
## 
## Call:
## glm(formula = Dropout ~ IPK + Kehadiran + Status_Kerja + Beban_SKS, 
##     family = "binomial", data = df)
## 
## Coefficients:
##               Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)    
## (Intercept)   12.38032    1.57648   7.853 4.06e-15 ***
## IPK           -4.10214    0.45304  -9.055  < 2e-16 ***
## Kehadiran     -0.06341    0.01112  -5.700 1.20e-08 ***
## Status_Kerja1  1.54764    0.31230   4.956 7.21e-07 ***
## Beban_SKS     -0.10447    0.04094  -2.552   0.0107 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## (Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
## 
##     Null deviance: 576.86  on 999  degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance: 318.77  on 995  degrees of freedom
## AIC: 328.77
## 
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 8
# 5. SIMULASI BOOTSTRAP
n_boot <- 1000
boot_results <- numeric(n_boot)

for(i in 1:n_boot) {
  # Resampling dengan pengembalian (Metode Week 6)
  df_resample <- df[sample(nrow(df), replace = TRUE), ]
  m_boot <- glm(Dropout ~ IPK + Kehadiran + Status_Kerja + Beban_SKS, 
                data = df_resample, family = "binomial")
  boot_results[i] <- coef(m_boot)["IPK"]
}
# Visualisasi Hasil Bootstrap
hist(boot_results, breaks=30, col="orange", border="white",
     main="Distribusi Sampling Bootstrap (Koefisien IPK)",
     xlab="Nilai Estimasi Koefisien")
abline(v = mean(boot_results), col="red", lwd=2) # Mean Bootstrap
abline(v = coef(model_logit)["IPK"], col="blue", lty=2) # Estimasi Asli

# 6. EVALUASI

# Evaluasi Akurasi
df$pred_prob <- predict(model_logit, type = "response")
df$pred_class <- factor(ifelse(df$pred_prob > 0.5, 1, 0), levels = c(0, 1))

cat("\n--- METRIK EVALUASI KINERJA ---\n")
## 
## --- METRIK EVALUASI KINERJA ---
conf_matrix <- confusionMatrix(df$pred_class, df$Dropout)
print(conf_matrix)
## Confusion Matrix and Statistics
## 
##           Reference
## Prediction   0   1
##          0 901  48
##          1  15  36
##                                           
##                Accuracy : 0.937           
##                  95% CI : (0.9201, 0.9513)
##     No Information Rate : 0.916           
##     P-Value [Acc > NIR] : 0.007821        
##                                           
##                   Kappa : 0.5017          
##                                           
##  Mcnemar's Test P-Value : 5.539e-05       
##                                           
##             Sensitivity : 0.9836          
##             Specificity : 0.4286          
##          Pos Pred Value : 0.9494          
##          Neg Pred Value : 0.7059          
##              Prevalence : 0.9160          
##          Detection Rate : 0.9010          
##    Detection Prevalence : 0.9490          
##       Balanced Accuracy : 0.7061          
##                                           
##        'Positive' Class : 0               
## 
# Grafik Kurva Sigmoid Final
ggplot(df, aes(x = IPK, y = as.numeric(as.character(Dropout)))) +
  geom_point(aes(color = Dropout), alpha = 0.3, position = position_jitter(height = 0.02)) +
  geom_smooth(method = "glm", method.args = list(family = "binomial"), 
              formula = y ~ x, se = TRUE, color = "blue") +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("0" = "seagreen", "1" = "firebrick"), 
                     labels = c("Aktif", "Dropout")) +
  labs(title = "Simulasi Probabilitas Risiko Dropout",
       subtitle = "Visualisasi Berdasarkan IPK",
       x = "Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK)", 
       y = "Probabilitas Dropout (0 ke 1)") +
  theme_minimal()