Descriptive Analysis

1 OBJECTIVE 1: Overall Profile (Descriptive)

1.1 OBJECTIVE 2 : Urban vs Rural (Table 2)

Table 2. Urban-Rural comparison of movement behaviours and FMS

Characteristic	Overall N = 4001	Urban N = 1341	Rural N = 2661	p-value2
Met PA guideline ≥5 days/week				<0.001
No (<5 days)	155 (39%)	75 (56%)	80 (30%)
Yes (≥5 days)	245 (61%)	59 (44%)	186 (70%)
Active play on school days <60 min				0.4
No	97 (24%)	36 (27%)	61 (23%)
Yes (<60 min)	303 (76%)	98 (73%)	205 (77%)
Active play on non-school days >120 min				0.001
No	229 (57%)	92 (69%)	137 (52%)
Yes (>120 min)	171 (43%)	42 (31%)	129 (48%)
Screen time >120 min/day				<0.001
No	309 (77%)	80 (60%)	229 (86%)
Yes (>120 min)	91 (23%)	54 (40%)	37 (14%)
Daily screen time				<0.001
<60 min	141 (35%)	9 (6.7%)	132 (50%)
>120 min	91 (23%)	54 (40%)	37 (14%)
60–120 min	140 (35%)	70 (52%)	70 (26%)
No screen time	28 (7.0%)	1 (0.7%)	27 (10%)
Nightly sleep adequacy				<0.001
Adequate (9–11 hrs)	145 (36%)	29 (22%)	116 (44%)
Insufficient (<9 hrs)	255 (64%)	105 (78%)	150 (56%)
Child's usual amont of sleep each night (no naps) in hours	8.2 ± 1.1	7.9 ± 1.2	8.4 ± 1.1	<0.001
Locomotor subset	35.8 ± 8.5	32.4 ± 9.6	37.6 ± 7.3	<0.001
Ball skills subset	34.7 ± 13.1	31.2 ± 12.3	36.4 ± 13.1	<0.001
No Physical Education classes
No	400 (100%)	134 (100%)	266 (100%)
PE participation frequency				<0.001
Always	11 (21%)	10 (43%)	1 (3.4%)
Hardly ever	3 (5.8%)	1 (4.3%)	2 (6.9%)
Quite often	18 (35%)	0 (0%)	18 (62%)
Sometimes	20 (38%)	12 (52%)	8 (28%)
Do you think your child has enough opportunities for active play at school	264 (66%)	40 (30%)	224 (84%)	<0.001
Self-reported PA level (past 7 days)				<0.001
High	43 (11%)	7 (5.3%)	36 (14%)
Low	136 (34%)	58 (44%)	78 (29%)
Moderate	183 (46%)	46 (35%)	137 (52%)
Very high	11 (2.8%)	1 (0.8%)	10 (3.8%)
Very low	26 (6.5%)	21 (16%)	5 (1.9%)
Recess physical activity level				0.8
Moderately/Very active	181 (45%)	59 (44%)	122 (46%)
Sedentary/Light	218 (55%)	74 (56%)	144 (54%)
After-school active days				<0.001
1 time	85 (21%)	12 (9.0%)	73 (27%)
2–5 times	223 (56%)	66 (50%)	157 (59%)
None	91 (23%)	55 (41%)	36 (14%)
Active play duration (school days)				0.006
<30 min	138 (35%)	53 (40%)	85 (32%)
>120 min	32 (8.0%)	10 (7.6%)	22 (8.3%)
30–60 min	165 (41%)	45 (34%)	120 (45%)
60–120 min	55 (14%)	17 (13%)	38 (14%)
N/A	8 (2.0%)	7 (5.3%)	1 (0.4%)
Active play duration (non-school days)				<0.001
<30 min	58 (15%)	31 (23%)	27 (10%)
>120 min	171 (43%)	42 (32%)	129 (48%)
30–60 min	111 (28%)	30 (23%)	81 (30%)
60–120 min	49 (12%)	21 (16%)	28 (11%)
N/A	9 (2.3%)	8 (6.1%)	1 (0.4%)
1 n (%); Mean ± SD
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; NA; Fisher’s exact test

1.2 OBJECTIVE 3 : Physical Activity Level (Table 3)

Table 3. Bivariate analysis of physical activity level by movement behaviour and motor skill characteristics (N=400)

Characteristic	Overall N = 3991	Physical Activity Level			p-value2
		Low N = 1621	Moderate N = 2261	High N = 111
Urban or rural area					<0.001
Urban	133 (33%)	79 (49%)	53 (23%)	1 (9.1%)
Rural	266 (67%)	83 (51%)	173 (77%)	10 (91%)
Met PA guideline ≥5 days/week					<0.001
No (<5 days)	155 (39%)	90 (56%)	62 (27%)	3 (27%)
Yes (≥5 days)	244 (61%)	72 (44%)	164 (73%)	8 (73%)
Active play on school days <60 min					0.4
No	96 (24%)	33 (20%)	60 (27%)	3 (27%)
Yes (<60 min)	303 (76%)	129 (80%)	166 (73%)	8 (73%)
Active play on non-school days >120 min					0.8
No	229 (57%)	96 (59%)	127 (56%)	6 (55%)
Yes (>120 min)	170 (43%)	66 (41%)	99 (44%)	5 (45%)
Screen time >120 min/day					0.070
No	309 (77%)	116 (72%)	184 (81%)	9 (82%)
Yes (>120 min)	90 (23%)	46 (28%)	42 (19%)	2 (18%)
Daily screen time					0.061
<60 min	141 (35%)	46 (28%)	93 (41%)	2 (18%)
>120 min	90 (23%)	46 (28%)	42 (19%)	2 (18%)
60–120 min	140 (35%)	58 (36%)	77 (34%)	5 (45%)
No screen time	28 (7.0%)	12 (7.4%)	14 (6.2%)	2 (18%)
Nightly sleep adequacy					0.012
Adequate (9–11 hrs)	145 (36%)	45 (28%)	96 (42%)	4 (36%)
Insufficient (<9 hrs)	254 (64%)	117 (72%)	130 (58%)	7 (64%)
Child's usual amont of sleep each night (no naps) in hours	8.2 ± 1.1	8.0 ± 1.1	8.4 ± 1.2	8.3 ± 0.6	0.006
Locomotor subset	35.8 ± 8.5	34.4 ± 9.3	36.7 ± 7.8	40.4 ± 5.9	0.016
Ball skills subset	34.7 ± 13.1	29.4 ± 12.3	37.9 ± 12.4	46.9 ± 9.6	<0.001
No Physical Education classes
No	399 (100%)	162 (100%)	226 (100%)	11 (100%)
PE participation frequency					0.5
Always	11 (21%)	6 (26%)	5 (19%)	0 (0%)
Hardly ever	3 (5.8%)	2 (8.7%)	1 (3.7%)	0 (0%)
Quite often	18 (35%)	6 (26%)	12 (44%)	0 (0%)
Sometimes	20 (38%)	9 (39%)	9 (33%)	2 (100%)
Do you think your child has enough opportunities for active play at school	264 (66%)	93 (58%)	164 (73%)	7 (64%)	0.010
Recess physical activity level					<0.001
Moderately/Very active	181 (45%)	44 (27%)	130 (58%)	7 (64%)
Sedentary/Light	218 (55%)	118 (73%)	96 (42%)	4 (36%)
After-school active days					<0.001
1 time	85 (21%)	54 (33%)	31 (14%)	0 (0%)
2–5 times	223 (56%)	50 (31%)	163 (72%)	10 (91%)
None	91 (23%)	58 (36%)	32 (14%)	1 (9.1%)
Active play duration (school days)					0.003
<30 min	138 (35%)	64 (40%)	71 (32%)	3 (27%)
>120 min	32 (8.1%)	5 (3.1%)	25 (11%)	2 (18%)
30–60 min	165 (42%)	65 (40%)	95 (42%)	5 (45%)
60–120 min	54 (14%)	19 (12%)	34 (15%)	1 (9.1%)
N/A	8 (2.0%)	8 (5.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Active play duration (non-school days)					0.009
<30 min	58 (15%)	25 (16%)	33 (15%)	0 (0%)
>120 min	170 (43%)	66 (41%)	99 (44%)	5 (45%)
30–60 min	111 (28%)	38 (24%)	70 (31%)	3 (27%)
60–120 min	49 (12%)	23 (14%)	23 (10%)	3 (27%)
N/A	9 (2.3%)	9 (5.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
1 n (%); Mean ± SD
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; NA

1.3 Ordinal Regression Model

## # A tibble: 14 × 2
##    variable                 n_levels
##    <chr>                       <int>
##  1 no_PE                           1
##  2 Location                        2
##  3 PA_meet_5plus                   2
##  4 school_AP_low                   2
##  5 nonschool_AP_high               2
##  6 screen_exceed                   2
##  7 sleep_adequate                  2
##  8 B19_opportunityschool_AP        2
##  9 recess_active                   2
## 10 PA_outcome                      3
## 11 afterschool_active              3
## 12 E03_Totalnightsleep            16
## 13 TGMD_LS                        36
## 14 TGMD_BS                        49

## Sample size: 398

## 
##      Low Moderate     High 
##      161      226       11

## Call:
## polr(formula = formula_polr, data = model_df, Hess = TRUE, method = "logistic")
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                        Value Std. Error t value
## LocationRural                        1.04776    0.32927  3.1821
## PA_meet_5plusYes (≥5 days)           0.76936    0.26335  2.9214
## school_AP_lowYes (<60 min)          -0.42364    0.29935 -1.4152
## nonschool_AP_highYes (>120 min)      0.31777    0.26164  1.2145
## screen_exceedYes (>120 min)          0.21922    0.29976  0.7313
## sleep_adequateInsufficient (<9 hrs) -0.25675    0.36644 -0.7007
## E03_Totalnightsleep                  0.08610    0.15491  0.5558
## TGMD_LS                              0.01005    0.01572  0.6394
## TGMD_BS                              0.04666    0.01042  4.4769
## B19_opportunityschool_APyes         -0.10883    0.31239 -0.3484
## recess_activeSedentary/Light        -0.90078    0.26190 -3.4394
## afterschool_active2–5 times          1.85347    0.32619  5.6821
## afterschool_activeNone               0.52496    0.39246  1.3376
## 
## Intercepts:
##               Value   Std. Error t value
## Low|Moderate   3.5639  1.6828     2.1178
## Moderate|High  8.7996  1.7596     5.0009
## 
## Residual Deviance: 463.9793 
## AIC: 493.9793

## # A tibble: 15 × 7
##    term                estimate std.error statistic conf.low conf.high coef.type
##    <chr>                  <dbl>     <dbl>     <dbl>    <dbl>     <dbl> <chr>    
##  1 LocationRural          2.85     0.329      3.18     1.50      5.48  coeffici…
##  2 PA_meet_5plusYes (…    2.16     0.263      2.92     1.29      3.63  coeffici…
##  3 school_AP_lowYes (…    0.655    0.299     -1.42     0.363     1.18  coeffici…
##  4 nonschool_AP_highY…    1.37     0.262      1.21     0.824     2.30  coeffici…
##  5 screen_exceedYes (…    1.25     0.300      0.731    0.692     2.25  coeffici…
##  6 sleep_adequateInsu…    0.774    0.366     -0.701    0.376     1.59  coeffici…
##  7 E03_Totalnightsleep    1.09     0.155      0.556    0.803     1.48  coeffici…
##  8 TGMD_LS                1.01     0.0157     0.639    0.979     1.04  coeffici…
##  9 TGMD_BS                1.05     0.0104     4.48     1.03      1.07  coeffici…
## 10 B19_opportunitysch…    0.897    0.312     -0.348    0.484     1.65  coeffici…
## 11 recess_activeSeden…    0.406    0.262     -3.44     0.242     0.676 coeffici…
## 12 afterschool_active…    6.38     0.326      5.68     3.40     12.3   coeffici…
## 13 afterschool_active…    1.69     0.392      1.34     0.785     3.67  coeffici…
## 14 Low|Moderate          35.3      1.68       2.12    NA        NA     scale    
## 15 Moderate|High       6632.       1.76       5.00    NA        NA     scale

Ordinal logistic regression: Predictors of physical activity level among children

Characteristic	OR	95% CI (Low)	95% CI (High)	p-value
Location
Urban	—	—
Rural	1.05	0.41, 1.70	1.70	0.001
PA_meet_5plus
No (<5 days)	—	—
Yes (≥5 days)	0.77	0.26, 1.29	1.29	0.003
school_AP_low
No	—	—
Yes (<60 min)	-0.42	-1.01, 0.16	0.16	0.2
nonschool_AP_high
No	—	—
Yes (>120 min)	0.32	-0.19, 0.83	0.83	0.2
screen_exceed
No	—	—
Yes (>120 min)	0.22	-0.37, 0.81	0.81	0.5
sleep_adequate
Adequate (9–11 hrs)	—	—
Insufficient (<9 hrs)	-0.26	-0.98, 0.46	0.46	0.5
Child's usual amont of sleep each night (no naps) in hours	0.09	-0.22, 0.39	0.39	0.6
Locomotor subset	0.01	-0.02, 0.04	0.04	0.5
Ball skills subset	0.05	0.03, 0.07	0.07	<0.001
B19_opportunityschool_AP
no	—	—
yes	-0.11	-0.73, 0.50	0.50	0.7
recess_active
Moderately/Very active	—	—
Sedentary/Light	-0.90	-1.42, -0.39	-0.39	<0.001
afterschool_active
1 time	—	—
2–5 times	1.85	1.22, 2.51	2.51	<0.001
None	0.52	-0.24, 1.30	1.30	0.2
No. Obs.	398
AIC	494
BIC	554
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio