TextMining_Example.R
Ashwini
Sun Jan 10 19:34:25 2016
#RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE
getwd()## [1] "C:/Users/Ashwini/SkyDrive/Documents"rm(list = ls())
gc()## used (Mb) gc trigger (Mb) max used (Mb)
## Ncells 302578 16.2 592000 31.7 436712 23.4
## Vcells 494623 3.8 1023718 7.9 785670 6.0sessionInfo()## R version 3.2.2 (2015-08-14)
## Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
## Running under: Windows 8 x64 (build 9200)
##
## locale:
## [1] LC_COLLATE=English_India.1252 LC_CTYPE=English_India.1252
## [3] LC_MONETARY=English_India.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C
## [5] LC_TIME=English_India.1252
##
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
##
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
## [1] magrittr_1.5 tools_3.2.2 htmltools_0.3 stringi_1.0-1
## [5] rmarkdown_0.8.1 knitr_1.11 stringr_1.0.0 digest_0.6.8
## [9] evaluate_0.8library(tm)## Warning: package 'tm' was built under R version 3.2.3## Loading required package: NLP## Warning: package 'NLP' was built under R version 3.2.3library(wordcloud)## Warning: package 'wordcloud' was built under R version 3.2.3## Loading required package: RColorBrewer## Warning: package 'RColorBrewer' was built under R version 3.2.3getSources()## [1] "DataframeSource" "DirSource" "URISource" "VectorSource"
## [5] "XMLSource" "ZipSource"getReaders()## [1] "readDOC" "readPDF"
## [3] "readPlain" "readRCV1"
## [5] "readRCV1asPlain" "readReut21578XML"
## [7] "readReut21578XMLasPlain" "readTabular"
## [9] "readTagged" "readXML"txt2="C:/Users/Ashwini/Desktop/Test"
b=Corpus(DirSource(txt2),
readerControl = list(language = "eng"))
inspect(b)## <<VCorpus>>
## Metadata: corpus specific: 0, document level (indexed): 0
## Content: documents: 1
##
## [[1]]
## <<PlainTextDocument>>
## Metadata: 7
## Content: chars: 15730b <- tm_map(b, tolower)
inspect(b)## <<VCorpus>>
## Metadata: corpus specific: 0, document level (indexed): 0
## Content: documents: 1
##
## [[1]]
## [1] as the flood waters recede in new orleans and the survivors of katrina begin to rebuild their lives, one truth has become achingly clear over the past few weeks:
## [2] our government wasn't ready to save its own citizens from a catastrophe of biblical proportions. it wasn't even close.
## [3]
## [4] despite years of planning, preparing, and warnings from countless scientists, experts, and government officials - that the levees would break, that our first responders didn't have the best tools for communication, that fema was under-funded and undervalued - despite all of this, katrina caught the government off-guard, flat-footed, and dangerously disorganized.
## [5]
## [6] the most tragic consequence of this slow response was the incalculable loss of human life.
## [7]
## [8] but miles off the gulf coast, as the deadly storm first raged towards shore, another frightening consequence emerged from our government's failure to prepare.
## [9]
## [10] in the moments before the hurricane hit, gulf refineries that made up one-eighth of our country's total capacity were evacuated and shut down. 95% of oil production was immediately suspended in a region where we find over a quarter of america's oil. and gas prices that were already at record highs shot up even further all over the country - reaching $6 a gallon in some places. today, they're hovering over $3 - a price that experts say will remain for the rest of the year. and what we don't see on television is how in a few months, the price of home heating oil and natural gas will reach new heights as well.
## [11]
## [12] it would be one thing if this storm struck at a time of stability. but over the last few years, limited supplies and an unprecedented growth in demand have sent the global oil market itself teetering towards the edge of disaster. with our own energy department telling us that u.s. demand for oil will jump 40% over the next twenty years and countries like china and india adding millions of cars to their roads, the price of oil is reaching levels we just can't handle anymore.
## [13]
## [14] a few years ago, we paid just $25 for a barrel of oil. today, we're paying around $63. since this affects the price of everything from gas to airfare to groceries, analysts at global insight, an economic consulting firm, say that if we hit $100 a barrel, the u.s. economy could very well tumble into recession.
## [15]
## [16] which brings me to one of the central lessons of katrina, one that goes far beyond the gas hikes and the price gouging we're facing today:
## [17]
## [18] the days of running a 21st century economy on a 20th century fossil fuel are numbered - and we need to realize that before it's too late.
## [19]
## [20] our persistent dependence on oil is a danger our government has known about for years. and despite constant warnings by researchers and scientists, major corporations and our own government officials, it's a danger they have failed to prepare for, listen to, or seriously try to guard against.
## [21]
## [22] it's a danger we can no longer afford to ignore. katrina, after all, was a natural disaster that affected only our domestic oil supply. but just imagine the threat to our national security from a geopolitical disaster - a war or an embargo - that cut off our supply from the rest of the world, where we get most of our oil.
## [23]
## [24] right now, we depend on some of the most politically volatile countries in the middle east and elsewhere to fuel our energy needs. it doesn't matter if they're budding democracies, despotic regimes with nuclear intentions, or havens for the madrassas that plant the seeds of terror in young minds - they get our money because we need their oil.
## [25]
## [26] what's worse - it's oil that's not very well protected. over the last few years, we know that terrorists have stepped up their attempts to launch attacks on the poorly defended oil tankers and pipelines of the middle east. and a former cia agent tells us that if a terrorist hijacked a plane in kuwait and crashed it into an oil complex in saudi arabia, it could take enough oil off the market to cause more economic damage than a direct attack on the united states.
## [27]
## [28] at that point, $6 a gallon would look like a steal.
## [29]
## [30] hopefully, this short-term, hurricane-induced oil crisis will subside. but the clear and present danger to our economy and our security from america's long-term dependency on oil will not subside - unless we act now. in fact, it will only get worse.
## [31]
## [32] as usual, the american people are already way ahead of washington. whether it's galesburg farmers growing the corn that can fuel our cars or the chicago factory workers making the microchip that let's us plug them in, people across the country have been taking america's energy future into their own hands with the same sense of innovation and optimism that sent the wright brothers into the sky, led dr. salk to a cure for polio, and fueled henry ford's confidence that his workers could afford the cars they made.
## [33]
## [34] but for too long now, this can-do spirit has been stifled by a can't-do government that seems to think it has no role in solving great national challenges or rallying a country to a cause. one that's content with simply giving more tax breaks to energy industries without asking for anything in return. content with sending $650 million a day to countries like saudi arabia to pay for our fuel. and content with energy legislation that takes on only the easiest parts of the problem.
## [35]
## [36] now, i voted for the last energy bill. because it took some baby steps in the right direction. it invests in the renewable, homegrown biofuels that could turn out to be some of the most promising alternatives to oil. it contains some provisions that would help us use alternative energy sources, increase our refinery capacity, and invest in clean coal technology. and recently, the administration made some executive policy changes that make it more difficult to classify cars as "light trucks," which would increase the production of more fuel-efficient cars.
## [37]
## [38] none of these provisions do any harm - and a few do some good. but the energy bill and the administration's reforms don't suffer from sins of commission. instead, they suffer from sins of omission. the solutions are too timid - the reforms too small. a bill that reduces our dependency on foreign oil by just 3% when our demand is about to jump 40% is not a serious energy policy. we need to do more.
## [39]
## [40] the truth is, an oil future is not a secure future for america. indeed, the rest of the world is already moving away from oil, and the longer we wait, the more difficult and painful it will be for our companies and our workers to catch up. countries like china and japan are creating jobs and slowing oil consumption by churning out and buying millions of fuel-efficient cars. brazil, a nation that once relied on foreign countries to import 80% of its crude oil, will now be entirely self-sufficient in a few years thanks to its investment in biofuels. by getting more ethanol on the market and equipping their cars with the flexible-fuel engines that allow them to run on this fuel, brazil has succeeded secured its energy supply while still giving consumers a break at the pump.
## [41]
## [42] so why can't we do this? why can't this be one of the great american projects of the 21st century?
## [43]
## [44] the answer is, it can. we can do this with technology we have on the shelves right now; we can do it by saving, not crippling, our ailing auto companies; and we can do it by using the kind of clean, renewable sources of energy that we can literally grow right here in america.
## [45]
## [46] there's no silver bullet. a solution to our energy dilemma won't come overnight. but we don't have to accept the wait-and-see attitude anymore. it flies in the face of our history and our founding principles. katrina has shown us what could happen if we don't move away from an oil economy, but it has also provided us with a moment to challenge that kind of a future. now is the time to seize that moment.
## [47]
## [48] in the short-term, this probably means that we'll need to build even more refinery capacity and create not just a strategic petroleum reserve, but also a strategic gasoline reserve so that we can deal with the type of shortages we saw from katrina. it means that we'll need to invest more in the clean technology that will allow us to burn more coal, our country's most abundant fossil fuel. and it means that we should continue to encourage the use of renewable fuels - by insisting that they make up 20% of our energy use and making sure that every new car in america has a flexible-fuel engine by 2010.
## [49]
## [50] but we need to take even greater steps than these short-term measures. we need solutions that strike at the very heart of our dependence on oil.
## [51]
## [52] right now, the largest consumers of oil in this country are the cars we drive. and right now, we also have the technology to build cars that travel much further on a gallon of gas. we already have thousands of gas-electric hybrid cars driving around that can get 50 miles per gallon. soon, plug-in hybrids will be able to get 75 miles per gallon. and experts believe that if we pump biofuels like e85 into a plug-in hybrid car, we can actually get up to 500 miles per gallon of gasoline.
## [53]
## [54] so the technology is on the shelf. it's ready and available for our car companies to use. if we made sure that all passenger vehicles built in the u.s. got 40 miles per gallon, we would save consumers up to $5,000 at the pump over the life of their cars.
## [55]
## [56] if we do this alone, we could reduce our dependence on foreign oil by over 1 billion barrels a year by 2020.
## [57]
## [58] for years, we've hesitated to raise fuel economy standards as a nation in part because of a very legitimate concern - the impact it would have on detroit. the auto industry is right when they argue that transitioning to more hybrid and fuel-efficient cars would require massive investment at a time when they're struggling under the weight of rising health care costs, sagging profits, and stiff competition from europe and japan.
## [59]
## [60] but it's precisely because of that competition that they don't have a choice. as the demand and waiting lists for hybrid cars skyrocket, demand for suvs - american car companies' biggest source of profit - is expected to plummet. the market is telling the auto industry to move away from oil - but so far only foreign companies are listening.
## [61]
## [62] china now has a higher fuel economy standard than we do, and it's got 200,000 hybrids on its roads. japan's toyota is doubling production of the popular prius to sell 100,000 in the u.s. this year, and it's getting ready to open a brand new production plant in china.
## [63]
## [64] these companies are running circles around their american counterparts. ford is only making 20,000 escape hybrids this year, and gm's brand won't be on the market until 2007. this isn't just costing us energy efficiency - it's decimating american businesses and costing american workers their jobs.
## [65]
## [66] there is now no doubt that fuel-efficient cars represent the future of the auto industry. these cars will be built and bought and mass quantities. the only question is where and by who?
## [67]
## [68] if american car companies hope to be a part of that future, if they hope to compete - if they hope to survive - they must make the necessary adjustments so that they can start building these cars. and we must help them do it.
## [69]
## [70] there are many ways to do this and many good conversations that already taking place. one option is to provide direct subsidies to the auto industries so that it can transition its production to more fuel-efficient vehicles. others have suggested providing tax credits for consumers to buy these cars.
## [71]
## [72] today i'd like to give you another example of a deal that washington could make with detroit. we'd start by raising the fuel economy standards in this country by 3% a year over the next fifteen years. but to help our auto industry make the transition - to give them the competitive edge they need against their foreign counterparts - we'd pay for part of the biggest costs they face today: retiree health care. right now, health care costs represent $1,500 of the price of every gm car that's made. by picking up part of the tab for the health care costs of their retirees, we'd be lifting a huge burden off the auto industry so that they'll invest in the technology that will finally reduce america's dependence on foreign oil.
## [73]
## [74] these solutions - investing in more hybrids and renewable energy sources; raising cafe standards and helping our auto industry transition to a fuel-efficient future - represent a road to energy independence that will require some tough decisions and difficult politics, but as we look toward the future, it's the road we must travel as a nation. we could open up every square inch of america to drilling and we still wouldn't even make a dent in our oil dependency. we could open up anwr today, and at its peak, which would be more than a decade from now, it would give us enough oil to take care of our transportation needs for about a month. clearly, this is not a solution.
## [75]
## [76] at the dawn of the internet age, andy grove of intel famously said that there are two kinds of businesses: those that use email and those that will. today, there are two kinds of car companies: those who make fuel-efficient cars and those that will. we can't follow the world anymore. we must lead. and if we don't act now, the economic and societal benefits that have always been the hallmark of american innovation will find a home somewhere else.
## [77]
## [78] there are few issues in american politics that have such a far-reaching effect on almost every aspect of our well-being as a nation, yet remain so absent from public interest and action. but as we cut through all the talk and the politics in the energy debate, we can see what the debate is really about.
## [79]
## [80] we see the family that thinks twice about what they'll spend at the grocery store this week, because they've been paying $40 to fill up the tank for the last month. we see the grandmother who isn't sure how she'll make her social security check cover january's heating bill. the autoworker who isn't sure what the future at ford holds for him. and the mother who sees turmoil in the middle east and worries that someday her son might have to fight to secure our oil supply.
## [81]
## [82] ultimately, we see a nation that cannot control its future as long as it cannot control the source of energy that keeps it running.
## [83]
## [84] recently, i returned from a trip to ukraine, where i had the opportunity to meet the nation's third president, viktor yushchenko. since the country first broke away from the soviet union more than a decade earlier, ukraine has been trying to forge its own identity and assert its own independence from russia. this culminated earlier this year in the orange revolution, a mass demonstration from thousands of protestors who stood by yushchenko and his promise to move his country further from the sphere of russian influence.
## [85]
## [86] president yushchenko finally won. but today, ukraine remains almost entirely dependent on - guess who -- russia - for all it's oil and gas supplies. and it is widely expected that in anticipation of next year's parliamentary elections, russia will triple the prices of both. despite all the soaring rhetoric, the demonstrations and the courage, ukraine still finds itself at the mercy of its former patron - a nation that can now influence every political and economic decision they make - all because of oil.
## [87]
## [88] this will not be america's future - but this is the stranglehold that fossil fuels can have on a nation's freedom. ukraine may have little choice in the matter. the most powerful and wealthy nation on earth, teeming with brilliant minds and cutting-edge technology, surely does. the genius of the american people has already shown us the path towards energy independence, now they're just waiting for their government to take them there. let's finally get it done. thank you.# remove punctuation
b <- tm_map(b, removePunctuation)
inspect(b)## <<VCorpus>>
## Metadata: corpus specific: 0, document level (indexed): 0
## Content: documents: 1
##
## [[1]]
## [1] as the flood waters recede in new orleans and the survivors of katrina begin to rebuild their lives one truth has become achingly clear over the past few weeks
## [2] our government wasnt ready to save its own citizens from a catastrophe of biblical proportions it wasnt even close
## [3]
## [4] despite years of planning preparing and warnings from countless scientists experts and government officials that the levees would break that our first responders didnt have the best tools for communication that fema was underfunded and undervalued despite all of this katrina caught the government offguard flatfooted and dangerously disorganized
## [5]
## [6] the most tragic consequence of this slow response was the incalculable loss of human life
## [7]
## [8] but miles off the gulf coast as the deadly storm first raged towards shore another frightening consequence emerged from our governments failure to prepare
## [9]
## [10] in the moments before the hurricane hit gulf refineries that made up oneeighth of our countrys total capacity were evacuated and shut down 95 of oil production was immediately suspended in a region where we find over a quarter of americas oil and gas prices that were already at record highs shot up even further all over the country reaching 6 a gallon in some places today theyre hovering over 3 a price that experts say will remain for the rest of the year and what we dont see on television is how in a few months the price of home heating oil and natural gas will reach new heights as well
## [11]
## [12] it would be one thing if this storm struck at a time of stability but over the last few years limited supplies and an unprecedented growth in demand have sent the global oil market itself teetering towards the edge of disaster with our own energy department telling us that us demand for oil will jump 40 over the next twenty years and countries like china and india adding millions of cars to their roads the price of oil is reaching levels we just cant handle anymore
## [13]
## [14] a few years ago we paid just 25 for a barrel of oil today were paying around 63 since this affects the price of everything from gas to airfare to groceries analysts at global insight an economic consulting firm say that if we hit 100 a barrel the us economy could very well tumble into recession
## [15]
## [16] which brings me to one of the central lessons of katrina one that goes far beyond the gas hikes and the price gouging were facing today
## [17]
## [18] the days of running a 21st century economy on a 20th century fossil fuel are numbered and we need to realize that before its too late
## [19]
## [20] our persistent dependence on oil is a danger our government has known about for years and despite constant warnings by researchers and scientists major corporations and our own government officials its a danger they have failed to prepare for listen to or seriously try to guard against
## [21]
## [22] its a danger we can no longer afford to ignore katrina after all was a natural disaster that affected only our domestic oil supply but just imagine the threat to our national security from a geopolitical disaster a war or an embargo that cut off our supply from the rest of the world where we get most of our oil
## [23]
## [24] right now we depend on some of the most politically volatile countries in the middle east and elsewhere to fuel our energy needs it doesnt matter if theyre budding democracies despotic regimes with nuclear intentions or havens for the madrassas that plant the seeds of terror in young minds they get our money because we need their oil
## [25]
## [26] whats worse its oil thats not very well protected over the last few years we know that terrorists have stepped up their attempts to launch attacks on the poorly defended oil tankers and pipelines of the middle east and a former cia agent tells us that if a terrorist hijacked a plane in kuwait and crashed it into an oil complex in saudi arabia it could take enough oil off the market to cause more economic damage than a direct attack on the united states
## [27]
## [28] at that point 6 a gallon would look like a steal
## [29]
## [30] hopefully this shortterm hurricaneinduced oil crisis will subside but the clear and present danger to our economy and our security from americas longterm dependency on oil will not subside unless we act now in fact it will only get worse
## [31]
## [32] as usual the american people are already way ahead of washington whether its galesburg farmers growing the corn that can fuel our cars or the chicago factory workers making the microchip that lets us plug them in people across the country have been taking americas energy future into their own hands with the same sense of innovation and optimism that sent the wright brothers into the sky led dr salk to a cure for polio and fueled henry fords confidence that his workers could afford the cars they made
## [33]
## [34] but for too long now this cando spirit has been stifled by a cantdo government that seems to think it has no role in solving great national challenges or rallying a country to a cause one thats content with simply giving more tax breaks to energy industries without asking for anything in return content with sending 650 million a day to countries like saudi arabia to pay for our fuel and content with energy legislation that takes on only the easiest parts of the problem
## [35]
## [36] now i voted for the last energy bill because it took some baby steps in the right direction it invests in the renewable homegrown biofuels that could turn out to be some of the most promising alternatives to oil it contains some provisions that would help us use alternative energy sources increase our refinery capacity and invest in clean coal technology and recently the administration made some executive policy changes that make it more difficult to classify cars as light trucks which would increase the production of more fuelefficient cars
## [37]
## [38] none of these provisions do any harm and a few do some good but the energy bill and the administrations reforms dont suffer from sins of commission instead they suffer from sins of omission the solutions are too timid the reforms too small a bill that reduces our dependency on foreign oil by just 3 when our demand is about to jump 40 is not a serious energy policy we need to do more
## [39]
## [40] the truth is an oil future is not a secure future for america indeed the rest of the world is already moving away from oil and the longer we wait the more difficult and painful it will be for our companies and our workers to catch up countries like china and japan are creating jobs and slowing oil consumption by churning out and buying millions of fuelefficient cars brazil a nation that once relied on foreign countries to import 80 of its crude oil will now be entirely selfsufficient in a few years thanks to its investment in biofuels by getting more ethanol on the market and equipping their cars with the flexiblefuel engines that allow them to run on this fuel brazil has succeeded secured its energy supply while still giving consumers a break at the pump
## [41]
## [42] so why cant we do this why cant this be one of the great american projects of the 21st century
## [43]
## [44] the answer is it can we can do this with technology we have on the shelves right now we can do it by saving not crippling our ailing auto companies and we can do it by using the kind of clean renewable sources of energy that we can literally grow right here in america
## [45]
## [46] theres no silver bullet a solution to our energy dilemma wont come overnight but we dont have to accept the waitandsee attitude anymore it flies in the face of our history and our founding principles katrina has shown us what could happen if we dont move away from an oil economy but it has also provided us with a moment to challenge that kind of a future now is the time to seize that moment
## [47]
## [48] in the shortterm this probably means that well need to build even more refinery capacity and create not just a strategic petroleum reserve but also a strategic gasoline reserve so that we can deal with the type of shortages we saw from katrina it means that well need to invest more in the clean technology that will allow us to burn more coal our countrys most abundant fossil fuel and it means that we should continue to encourage the use of renewable fuels by insisting that they make up 20 of our energy use and making sure that every new car in america has a flexiblefuel engine by 2010
## [49]
## [50] but we need to take even greater steps than these shortterm measures we need solutions that strike at the very heart of our dependence on oil
## [51]
## [52] right now the largest consumers of oil in this country are the cars we drive and right now we also have the technology to build cars that travel much further on a gallon of gas we already have thousands of gaselectric hybrid cars driving around that can get 50 miles per gallon soon plugin hybrids will be able to get 75 miles per gallon and experts believe that if we pump biofuels like e85 into a plugin hybrid car we can actually get up to 500 miles per gallon of gasoline
## [53]
## [54] so the technology is on the shelf its ready and available for our car companies to use if we made sure that all passenger vehicles built in the us got 40 miles per gallon we would save consumers up to 5000 at the pump over the life of their cars
## [55]
## [56] if we do this alone we could reduce our dependence on foreign oil by over 1 billion barrels a year by 2020
## [57]
## [58] for years weve hesitated to raise fuel economy standards as a nation in part because of a very legitimate concern the impact it would have on detroit the auto industry is right when they argue that transitioning to more hybrid and fuelefficient cars would require massive investment at a time when theyre struggling under the weight of rising health care costs sagging profits and stiff competition from europe and japan
## [59]
## [60] but its precisely because of that competition that they dont have a choice as the demand and waiting lists for hybrid cars skyrocket demand for suvs american car companies biggest source of profit is expected to plummet the market is telling the auto industry to move away from oil but so far only foreign companies are listening
## [61]
## [62] china now has a higher fuel economy standard than we do and its got 200000 hybrids on its roads japans toyota is doubling production of the popular prius to sell 100000 in the us this year and its getting ready to open a brand new production plant in china
## [63]
## [64] these companies are running circles around their american counterparts ford is only making 20000 escape hybrids this year and gms brand wont be on the market until 2007 this isnt just costing us energy efficiency its decimating american businesses and costing american workers their jobs
## [65]
## [66] there is now no doubt that fuelefficient cars represent the future of the auto industry these cars will be built and bought and mass quantities the only question is where and by who
## [67]
## [68] if american car companies hope to be a part of that future if they hope to compete if they hope to survive they must make the necessary adjustments so that they can start building these cars and we must help them do it
## [69]
## [70] there are many ways to do this and many good conversations that already taking place one option is to provide direct subsidies to the auto industries so that it can transition its production to more fuelefficient vehicles others have suggested providing tax credits for consumers to buy these cars
## [71]
## [72] today id like to give you another example of a deal that washington could make with detroit wed start by raising the fuel economy standards in this country by 3 a year over the next fifteen years but to help our auto industry make the transition to give them the competitive edge they need against their foreign counterparts wed pay for part of the biggest costs they face today retiree health care right now health care costs represent 1500 of the price of every gm car thats made by picking up part of the tab for the health care costs of their retirees wed be lifting a huge burden off the auto industry so that theyll invest in the technology that will finally reduce americas dependence on foreign oil
## [73]
## [74] these solutions investing in more hybrids and renewable energy sources raising cafe standards and helping our auto industry transition to a fuelefficient future represent a road to energy independence that will require some tough decisions and difficult politics but as we look toward the future its the road we must travel as a nation we could open up every square inch of america to drilling and we still wouldnt even make a dent in our oil dependency we could open up anwr today and at its peak which would be more than a decade from now it would give us enough oil to take care of our transportation needs for about a month clearly this is not a solution
## [75]
## [76] at the dawn of the internet age andy grove of intel famously said that there are two kinds of businesses those that use email and those that will today there are two kinds of car companies those who make fuelefficient cars and those that will we cant follow the world anymore we must lead and if we dont act now the economic and societal benefits that have always been the hallmark of american innovation will find a home somewhere else
## [77]
## [78] there are few issues in american politics that have such a farreaching effect on almost every aspect of our wellbeing as a nation yet remain so absent from public interest and action but as we cut through all the talk and the politics in the energy debate we can see what the debate is really about
## [79]
## [80] we see the family that thinks twice about what theyll spend at the grocery store this week because theyve been paying 40 to fill up the tank for the last month we see the grandmother who isnt sure how shell make her social security check cover januarys heating bill the autoworker who isnt sure what the future at ford holds for him and the mother who sees turmoil in the middle east and worries that someday her son might have to fight to secure our oil supply
## [81]
## [82] ultimately we see a nation that cannot control its future as long as it cannot control the source of energy that keeps it running
## [83]
## [84] recently i returned from a trip to ukraine where i had the opportunity to meet the nations third president viktor yushchenko since the country first broke away from the soviet union more than a decade earlier ukraine has been trying to forge its own identity and assert its own independence from russia this culminated earlier this year in the orange revolution a mass demonstration from thousands of protestors who stood by yushchenko and his promise to move his country further from the sphere of russian influence
## [85]
## [86] president yushchenko finally won but today ukraine remains almost entirely dependent on guess who russia for all its oil and gas supplies and it is widely expected that in anticipation of next years parliamentary elections russia will triple the prices of both despite all the soaring rhetoric the demonstrations and the courage ukraine still finds itself at the mercy of its former patron a nation that can now influence every political and economic decision they make all because of oil
## [87]
## [88] this will not be americas future but this is the stranglehold that fossil fuels can have on a nations freedom ukraine may have little choice in the matter the most powerful and wealthy nation on earth teeming with brilliant minds and cuttingedge technology surely does the genius of the american people has already shown us the path towards energy independence now theyre just waiting for their government to take them there lets finally get it done thank you# remove numbers
b <- tm_map(b, removeNumbers)
inspect(b)## <<VCorpus>>
## Metadata: corpus specific: 0, document level (indexed): 0
## Content: documents: 1
##
## [[1]]
## [1] as the flood waters recede in new orleans and the survivors of katrina begin to rebuild their lives one truth has become achingly clear over the past few weeks
## [2] our government wasnt ready to save its own citizens from a catastrophe of biblical proportions it wasnt even close
## [3]
## [4] despite years of planning preparing and warnings from countless scientists experts and government officials that the levees would break that our first responders didnt have the best tools for communication that fema was underfunded and undervalued despite all of this katrina caught the government offguard flatfooted and dangerously disorganized
## [5]
## [6] the most tragic consequence of this slow response was the incalculable loss of human life
## [7]
## [8] but miles off the gulf coast as the deadly storm first raged towards shore another frightening consequence emerged from our governments failure to prepare
## [9]
## [10] in the moments before the hurricane hit gulf refineries that made up oneeighth of our countrys total capacity were evacuated and shut down of oil production was immediately suspended in a region where we find over a quarter of americas oil and gas prices that were already at record highs shot up even further all over the country reaching a gallon in some places today theyre hovering over a price that experts say will remain for the rest of the year and what we dont see on television is how in a few months the price of home heating oil and natural gas will reach new heights as well
## [11]
## [12] it would be one thing if this storm struck at a time of stability but over the last few years limited supplies and an unprecedented growth in demand have sent the global oil market itself teetering towards the edge of disaster with our own energy department telling us that us demand for oil will jump over the next twenty years and countries like china and india adding millions of cars to their roads the price of oil is reaching levels we just cant handle anymore
## [13]
## [14] a few years ago we paid just for a barrel of oil today were paying around since this affects the price of everything from gas to airfare to groceries analysts at global insight an economic consulting firm say that if we hit a barrel the us economy could very well tumble into recession
## [15]
## [16] which brings me to one of the central lessons of katrina one that goes far beyond the gas hikes and the price gouging were facing today
## [17]
## [18] the days of running a st century economy on a th century fossil fuel are numbered and we need to realize that before its too late
## [19]
## [20] our persistent dependence on oil is a danger our government has known about for years and despite constant warnings by researchers and scientists major corporations and our own government officials its a danger they have failed to prepare for listen to or seriously try to guard against
## [21]
## [22] its a danger we can no longer afford to ignore katrina after all was a natural disaster that affected only our domestic oil supply but just imagine the threat to our national security from a geopolitical disaster a war or an embargo that cut off our supply from the rest of the world where we get most of our oil
## [23]
## [24] right now we depend on some of the most politically volatile countries in the middle east and elsewhere to fuel our energy needs it doesnt matter if theyre budding democracies despotic regimes with nuclear intentions or havens for the madrassas that plant the seeds of terror in young minds they get our money because we need their oil
## [25]
## [26] whats worse its oil thats not very well protected over the last few years we know that terrorists have stepped up their attempts to launch attacks on the poorly defended oil tankers and pipelines of the middle east and a former cia agent tells us that if a terrorist hijacked a plane in kuwait and crashed it into an oil complex in saudi arabia it could take enough oil off the market to cause more economic damage than a direct attack on the united states
## [27]
## [28] at that point a gallon would look like a steal
## [29]
## [30] hopefully this shortterm hurricaneinduced oil crisis will subside but the clear and present danger to our economy and our security from americas longterm dependency on oil will not subside unless we act now in fact it will only get worse
## [31]
## [32] as usual the american people are already way ahead of washington whether its galesburg farmers growing the corn that can fuel our cars or the chicago factory workers making the microchip that lets us plug them in people across the country have been taking americas energy future into their own hands with the same sense of innovation and optimism that sent the wright brothers into the sky led dr salk to a cure for polio and fueled henry fords confidence that his workers could afford the cars they made
## [33]
## [34] but for too long now this cando spirit has been stifled by a cantdo government that seems to think it has no role in solving great national challenges or rallying a country to a cause one thats content with simply giving more tax breaks to energy industries without asking for anything in return content with sending million a day to countries like saudi arabia to pay for our fuel and content with energy legislation that takes on only the easiest parts of the problem
## [35]
## [36] now i voted for the last energy bill because it took some baby steps in the right direction it invests in the renewable homegrown biofuels that could turn out to be some of the most promising alternatives to oil it contains some provisions that would help us use alternative energy sources increase our refinery capacity and invest in clean coal technology and recently the administration made some executive policy changes that make it more difficult to classify cars as light trucks which would increase the production of more fuelefficient cars
## [37]
## [38] none of these provisions do any harm and a few do some good but the energy bill and the administrations reforms dont suffer from sins of commission instead they suffer from sins of omission the solutions are too timid the reforms too small a bill that reduces our dependency on foreign oil by just when our demand is about to jump is not a serious energy policy we need to do more
## [39]
## [40] the truth is an oil future is not a secure future for america indeed the rest of the world is already moving away from oil and the longer we wait the more difficult and painful it will be for our companies and our workers to catch up countries like china and japan are creating jobs and slowing oil consumption by churning out and buying millions of fuelefficient cars brazil a nation that once relied on foreign countries to import of its crude oil will now be entirely selfsufficient in a few years thanks to its investment in biofuels by getting more ethanol on the market and equipping their cars with the flexiblefuel engines that allow them to run on this fuel brazil has succeeded secured its energy supply while still giving consumers a break at the pump
## [41]
## [42] so why cant we do this why cant this be one of the great american projects of the st century
## [43]
## [44] the answer is it can we can do this with technology we have on the shelves right now we can do it by saving not crippling our ailing auto companies and we can do it by using the kind of clean renewable sources of energy that we can literally grow right here in america
## [45]
## [46] theres no silver bullet a solution to our energy dilemma wont come overnight but we dont have to accept the waitandsee attitude anymore it flies in the face of our history and our founding principles katrina has shown us what could happen if we dont move away from an oil economy but it has also provided us with a moment to challenge that kind of a future now is the time to seize that moment
## [47]
## [48] in the shortterm this probably means that well need to build even more refinery capacity and create not just a strategic petroleum reserve but also a strategic gasoline reserve so that we can deal with the type of shortages we saw from katrina it means that well need to invest more in the clean technology that will allow us to burn more coal our countrys most abundant fossil fuel and it means that we should continue to encourage the use of renewable fuels by insisting that they make up of our energy use and making sure that every new car in america has a flexiblefuel engine by
## [49]
## [50] but we need to take even greater steps than these shortterm measures we need solutions that strike at the very heart of our dependence on oil
## [51]
## [52] right now the largest consumers of oil in this country are the cars we drive and right now we also have the technology to build cars that travel much further on a gallon of gas we already have thousands of gaselectric hybrid cars driving around that can get miles per gallon soon plugin hybrids will be able to get miles per gallon and experts believe that if we pump biofuels like e into a plugin hybrid car we can actually get up to miles per gallon of gasoline
## [53]
## [54] so the technology is on the shelf its ready and available for our car companies to use if we made sure that all passenger vehicles built in the us got miles per gallon we would save consumers up to at the pump over the life of their cars
## [55]
## [56] if we do this alone we could reduce our dependence on foreign oil by over billion barrels a year by
## [57]
## [58] for years weve hesitated to raise fuel economy standards as a nation in part because of a very legitimate concern the impact it would have on detroit the auto industry is right when they argue that transitioning to more hybrid and fuelefficient cars would require massive investment at a time when theyre struggling under the weight of rising health care costs sagging profits and stiff competition from europe and japan
## [59]
## [60] but its precisely because of that competition that they dont have a choice as the demand and waiting lists for hybrid cars skyrocket demand for suvs american car companies biggest source of profit is expected to plummet the market is telling the auto industry to move away from oil but so far only foreign companies are listening
## [61]
## [62] china now has a higher fuel economy standard than we do and its got hybrids on its roads japans toyota is doubling production of the popular prius to sell in the us this year and its getting ready to open a brand new production plant in china
## [63]
## [64] these companies are running circles around their american counterparts ford is only making escape hybrids this year and gms brand wont be on the market until this isnt just costing us energy efficiency its decimating american businesses and costing american workers their jobs
## [65]
## [66] there is now no doubt that fuelefficient cars represent the future of the auto industry these cars will be built and bought and mass quantities the only question is where and by who
## [67]
## [68] if american car companies hope to be a part of that future if they hope to compete if they hope to survive they must make the necessary adjustments so that they can start building these cars and we must help them do it
## [69]
## [70] there are many ways to do this and many good conversations that already taking place one option is to provide direct subsidies to the auto industries so that it can transition its production to more fuelefficient vehicles others have suggested providing tax credits for consumers to buy these cars
## [71]
## [72] today id like to give you another example of a deal that washington could make with detroit wed start by raising the fuel economy standards in this country by a year over the next fifteen years but to help our auto industry make the transition to give them the competitive edge they need against their foreign counterparts wed pay for part of the biggest costs they face today retiree health care right now health care costs represent of the price of every gm car thats made by picking up part of the tab for the health care costs of their retirees wed be lifting a huge burden off the auto industry so that theyll invest in the technology that will finally reduce americas dependence on foreign oil
## [73]
## [74] these solutions investing in more hybrids and renewable energy sources raising cafe standards and helping our auto industry transition to a fuelefficient future represent a road to energy independence that will require some tough decisions and difficult politics but as we look toward the future its the road we must travel as a nation we could open up every square inch of america to drilling and we still wouldnt even make a dent in our oil dependency we could open up anwr today and at its peak which would be more than a decade from now it would give us enough oil to take care of our transportation needs for about a month clearly this is not a solution
## [75]
## [76] at the dawn of the internet age andy grove of intel famously said that there are two kinds of businesses those that use email and those that will today there are two kinds of car companies those who make fuelefficient cars and those that will we cant follow the world anymore we must lead and if we dont act now the economic and societal benefits that have always been the hallmark of american innovation will find a home somewhere else
## [77]
## [78] there are few issues in american politics that have such a farreaching effect on almost every aspect of our wellbeing as a nation yet remain so absent from public interest and action but as we cut through all the talk and the politics in the energy debate we can see what the debate is really about
## [79]
## [80] we see the family that thinks twice about what theyll spend at the grocery store this week because theyve been paying to fill up the tank for the last month we see the grandmother who isnt sure how shell make her social security check cover januarys heating bill the autoworker who isnt sure what the future at ford holds for him and the mother who sees turmoil in the middle east and worries that someday her son might have to fight to secure our oil supply
## [81]
## [82] ultimately we see a nation that cannot control its future as long as it cannot control the source of energy that keeps it running
## [83]
## [84] recently i returned from a trip to ukraine where i had the opportunity to meet the nations third president viktor yushchenko since the country first broke away from the soviet union more than a decade earlier ukraine has been trying to forge its own identity and assert its own independence from russia this culminated earlier this year in the orange revolution a mass demonstration from thousands of protestors who stood by yushchenko and his promise to move his country further from the sphere of russian influence
## [85]
## [86] president yushchenko finally won but today ukraine remains almost entirely dependent on guess who russia for all its oil and gas supplies and it is widely expected that in anticipation of next years parliamentary elections russia will triple the prices of both despite all the soaring rhetoric the demonstrations and the courage ukraine still finds itself at the mercy of its former patron a nation that can now influence every political and economic decision they make all because of oil
## [87]
## [88] this will not be americas future but this is the stranglehold that fossil fuels can have on a nations freedom ukraine may have little choice in the matter the most powerful and wealthy nation on earth teeming with brilliant minds and cuttingedge technology surely does the genius of the american people has already shown us the path towards energy independence now theyre just waiting for their government to take them there lets finally get it done thank you# remove stopwords
myStopwords <- c(stopwords('english'), "can")
b <- tm_map(b, removeWords, myStopwords)
inspect(b)## <<VCorpus>>
## Metadata: corpus specific: 0, document level (indexed): 0
## Content: documents: 1
##
## [[1]]
## [1] flood waters recede new orleans survivors katrina begin rebuild lives one truth become achingly clear past weeks
## [2] government wasnt ready save citizens catastrophe biblical proportions wasnt even close
## [3]
## [4] despite years planning preparing warnings countless scientists experts government officials levees break first responders didnt best tools communication fema underfunded undervalued despite katrina caught government offguard flatfooted dangerously disorganized
## [5]
## [6] tragic consequence slow response incalculable loss human life
## [7]
## [8] miles gulf coast deadly storm first raged towards shore another frightening consequence emerged governments failure prepare
## [9]
## [10] moments hurricane hit gulf refineries made oneeighth countrys total capacity evacuated shut oil production immediately suspended region find quarter americas oil gas prices already record highs shot even country reaching gallon places today theyre hovering price experts say will remain rest year dont see television months price home heating oil natural gas will reach new heights well
## [11]
## [12] one thing storm struck time stability last years limited supplies unprecedented growth demand sent global oil market teetering towards edge disaster energy department telling us us demand oil will jump next twenty years countries like china india adding millions cars roads price oil reaching levels just cant handle anymore
## [13]
## [14] years ago paid just barrel oil today paying around since affects price everything gas airfare groceries analysts global insight economic consulting firm say hit barrel us economy well tumble recession
## [15]
## [16] brings one central lessons katrina one goes far beyond gas hikes price gouging facing today
## [17]
## [18] days running st century economy th century fossil fuel numbered need realize late
## [19]
## [20] persistent dependence oil danger government known years despite constant warnings researchers scientists major corporations government officials danger failed prepare listen seriously try guard
## [21]
## [22] danger longer afford ignore katrina natural disaster affected domestic oil supply just imagine threat national security geopolitical disaster war embargo cut supply rest world get oil
## [23]
## [24] right now depend politically volatile countries middle east elsewhere fuel energy needs doesnt matter theyre budding democracies despotic regimes nuclear intentions havens madrassas plant seeds terror young minds get money need oil
## [25]
## [26] whats worse oil thats well protected last years know terrorists stepped attempts launch attacks poorly defended oil tankers pipelines middle east former cia agent tells us terrorist hijacked plane kuwait crashed oil complex saudi arabia take enough oil market cause economic damage direct attack united states
## [27]
## [28] point gallon look like steal
## [29]
## [30] hopefully shortterm hurricaneinduced oil crisis will subside clear present danger economy security americas longterm dependency oil will subside unless act now fact will get worse
## [31]
## [32] usual american people already way ahead washington whether galesburg farmers growing corn fuel cars chicago factory workers making microchip lets us plug people across country taking americas energy future hands sense innovation optimism sent wright brothers sky led dr salk cure polio fueled henry fords confidence workers afford cars made
## [33]
## [34] long now cando spirit stifled cantdo government seems think role solving great national challenges rallying country cause one thats content simply giving tax breaks energy industries without asking anything return content sending million day countries like saudi arabia pay fuel content energy legislation takes easiest parts problem
## [35]
## [36] now voted last energy bill took baby steps right direction invests renewable homegrown biofuels turn promising alternatives oil contains provisions help us use alternative energy sources increase refinery capacity invest clean coal technology recently administration made executive policy changes make difficult classify cars light trucks increase production fuelefficient cars
## [37]
## [38] none provisions harm good energy bill administrations reforms dont suffer sins commission instead suffer sins omission solutions timid reforms small bill reduces dependency foreign oil just demand jump serious energy policy need
## [39]
## [40] truth oil future secure future america indeed rest world already moving away oil longer wait difficult painful will companies workers catch countries like china japan creating jobs slowing oil consumption churning buying millions fuelefficient cars brazil nation relied foreign countries import crude oil will now entirely selfsufficient years thanks investment biofuels getting ethanol market equipping cars flexiblefuel engines allow run fuel brazil succeeded secured energy supply still giving consumers break pump
## [41]
## [42] cant cant one great american projects st century
## [43]
## [44] answer technology shelves right now saving crippling ailing auto companies using kind clean renewable sources energy literally grow right america
## [45]
## [46] theres silver bullet solution energy dilemma wont come overnight dont accept waitandsee attitude anymore flies face history founding principles katrina shown us happen dont move away oil economy also provided us moment challenge kind future now time seize moment
## [47]
## [48] shortterm probably means well need build even refinery capacity create just strategic petroleum reserve also strategic gasoline reserve deal type shortages saw katrina means well need invest clean technology will allow us burn coal countrys abundant fossil fuel means continue encourage use renewable fuels insisting make energy use making sure every new car america flexiblefuel engine
## [49]
## [50] need take even greater steps shortterm measures need solutions strike heart dependence oil
## [51]
## [52] right now largest consumers oil country cars drive right now also technology build cars travel much gallon gas already thousands gaselectric hybrid cars driving around get miles per gallon soon plugin hybrids will able get miles per gallon experts believe pump biofuels like e plugin hybrid car actually get miles per gallon gasoline
## [53]
## [54] technology shelf ready available car companies use made sure passenger vehicles built us got miles per gallon save consumers pump life cars
## [55]
## [56] alone reduce dependence foreign oil billion barrels year
## [57]
## [58] years weve hesitated raise fuel economy standards nation part legitimate concern impact detroit auto industry right argue transitioning hybrid fuelefficient cars require massive investment time theyre struggling weight rising health care costs sagging profits stiff competition europe japan
## [59]
## [60] precisely competition dont choice demand waiting lists hybrid cars skyrocket demand suvs american car companies biggest source profit expected plummet market telling auto industry move away oil far foreign companies listening
## [61]
## [62] china now higher fuel economy standard got hybrids roads japans toyota doubling production popular prius sell us year getting ready open brand new production plant china
## [63]
## [64] companies running circles around american counterparts ford making escape hybrids year gms brand wont market isnt just costing us energy efficiency decimating american businesses costing american workers jobs
## [65]
## [66] now doubt fuelefficient cars represent future auto industry cars will built bought mass quantities question
## [67]
## [68] american car companies hope part future hope compete hope survive must make necessary adjustments start building cars must help
## [69]
## [70] many ways many good conversations already taking place one option provide direct subsidies auto industries transition production fuelefficient vehicles others suggested providing tax credits consumers buy cars
## [71]
## [72] today id like give another example deal washington make detroit wed start raising fuel economy standards country year next fifteen years help auto industry make transition give competitive edge need foreign counterparts wed pay part biggest costs face today retiree health care right now health care costs represent price every gm car thats made picking part tab health care costs retirees wed lifting huge burden auto industry theyll invest technology will finally reduce americas dependence foreign oil
## [73]
## [74] solutions investing hybrids renewable energy sources raising cafe standards helping auto industry transition fuelefficient future represent road energy independence will require tough decisions difficult politics look toward future road must travel nation open every square inch america drilling still wouldnt even make dent oil dependency open anwr today peak decade now give us enough oil take care transportation needs month clearly solution
## [75]
## [76] dawn internet age andy grove intel famously said two kinds businesses use email will today two kinds car companies make fuelefficient cars will cant follow world anymore must lead dont act now economic societal benefits always hallmark american innovation will find home somewhere else
## [77]
## [78] issues american politics farreaching effect almost every aspect wellbeing nation yet remain absent public interest action cut talk politics energy debate see debate really
## [79]
## [80] see family thinks twice theyll spend grocery store week theyve paying fill tank last month see grandmother isnt sure shell make social security check cover januarys heating bill autoworker isnt sure future ford holds mother sees turmoil middle east worries someday son might fight secure oil supply
## [81]
## [82] ultimately see nation control future long control source energy keeps running
## [83]
## [84] recently returned trip ukraine opportunity meet nations third president viktor yushchenko since country first broke away soviet union decade earlier ukraine trying forge identity assert independence russia culminated earlier year orange revolution mass demonstration thousands protestors stood yushchenko promise move country sphere russian influence
## [85]
## [86] president yushchenko finally won today ukraine remains almost entirely dependent guess russia oil gas supplies widely expected anticipation next years parliamentary elections russia will triple prices despite soaring rhetoric demonstrations courage ukraine still finds mercy former patron nation now influence every political economic decision make oil
## [87]
## [88] will americas future stranglehold fossil fuels nations freedom ukraine may little choice matter powerful wealthy nation earth teeming brilliant minds cuttingedge technology surely genius american people already shown us path towards energy independence now theyre just waiting government take lets finally get done thankb <- tm_map(b, stemDocument)
#run and running and ran
b <- tm_map(b, PlainTextDocument)
myDtm <- TermDocumentMatrix(b, control = list(minWordLength = 1))
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## know 1
## known 1
## kuwait 1
## largest 1
## last 4
## launch 1
## lead 1
## led 1
## legislation 1
## legitimate 1
## lessons 1
## lets 2
## levees 1
## levels 1
## lif 1
## life 1
## lifting 1
## light 1
## like 6
## limited 1
## listen 2
## lists 1
## literally 1
## little 1
## lives 1
## long 2
## longer 2
## longterm 1
## look 2
## loss 1
## mad 1
## made 4
## madrassas 1
## major 1
## make 9
## making 3
## many 2
## market 5
## mass 2
## massive 1
## matter 2
## may 1
## means 3
## measures 1
## meet 1
## mercy 1
## microchip 1
## middle 3
## might 1
## miles 5
## million 1
## millions 2
## minds 2
## moment 1
## moments 1
## money 1
## month 2
## months 1
## mother 1
## move 3
## moving 1
## much 1
## must 4
## nation 7
## national 2
## nations 2
## natural 2
## necessary 1
## need 8
## needs 2
## new 4
## next 3
## none 1
## now 16
## nuclear 1
## numbered 1
## offguard 1
## officials 2
## oil 34
## omission 1
## one 7
## oneeighth 1
## open 3
## opportunity 1
## optimism 1
## option 1
## orange 1
## orleans 1
## others 1
## overnight 1
## paid 1
## painful 1
## parliamentary 1
## part 4
## parts 1
## passenger 1
## past 1
## path 1
## patron 1
## pay 2
## paying 2
## peak 1
## people 3
## per 4
## persistent 1
## petroleum 1
## picking 1
## pipelines 1
## place 1
## places 1
## plane 1
## planning 1
## plant 2
## plug 1
## plugin 2
## plummet 1
## point 1
## policy 2
## polio 1
## political 1
## politically 1
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## poorly 1
## popular 1
## powerful 1
## precisely 1
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## prepare 1
## preparing 1
## present 1
## president 2
## price 6
## prices 2
## principles 1
## prius 1
## probably 1
## problem 1
## production 5
## profit 1
## profits 1
## projects 1
## promise 1
## promising 1
## proportions 1
## protected 1
## protestors 1
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## provided 1
## providing 1
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## quantities 1
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## raise 1
## raising 2
## rallying 1
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## reaching 2
## ready 3
## realize 1
## really 1
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## recede 1
## recently 2
## recess 1
## record 1
## reduce 2
## reduces 1
## refineries 1
## refinery 2
## reforms 2
## regimes 1
## region 1
## relied 1
## remain 2
## remains 1
## renewable 4
## represent 3
## require 2
## researchers 1
## reserve 2
## responders 1
## response 1
## rest 3
## retiree 1
## retirees 1
## return 1
## returned 1
## revolution 1
## rhetoric 1
## right 8
## rising 1
## road 2
## roads 2
## role 1
## run 2
## running 2
## russia 3
## russian 1
## sagging 1
## said 1
## salk 1
## saudi 2
## save 2
## saving 1
## saw 1
## say 2
## scientists 2
## secure 2
## secured 1
## security 3
## see 5
## seeds 1
## seems 1
## sees 1
## seize 1
## selfsufficient 1
## sell 1
## sending 1
## sense 1
## sent 2
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## seriously 1
## shelf 1
## shell 1
## shelves 1
## shore 1
## shortages 1
## shortterm 3
## shot 1
## shown 2
## shut 1
## silver 1
## simply 1
## since 2
## sins 2
## sky 1
## skyrocket 1
## slow 1
## slowing 1
## small 1
## soaring 1
## social 1
## societal 1
## solut 1
## solution 1
## solutions 3
## solving 1
## someday 1
## somewhere 1
## son 1
## soon 1
## source 2
## sources 3
## soviet 1
## spend 1
## sphere 1
## spirit 1
## square 1
## stability 1
## standard 1
## standards 3
## start 2
## stepped 1
## steps 2
## stiff 1
## stifled 1
## still 3
## stood 1
## store 1
## storm 2
## stranglehold 1
## strategic 2
## strike 1
## struck 1
## struggling 1
## subside 2
## subsidies 1
## succeeded 1
## suffer 2
## suggested 1
## suppli 1
## supplies 2
## supply 3
## sure 4
## surely 1
## survive 1
## survivors 1
## suspended 1
## suvs 1
## tab 1
## take 4
## takes 1
## taking 2
## talk 1
## tank 1
## tankers 1
## tax 2
## technology 7
## teeming 1
## teetering 1
## television 1
## telling 2
## tells 1
## terror 1
## terrorist 1
## terrorists 1
## thank 1
## thanks 1
## thats 3
## theres 1
## theyll 2
## theyre 4
## theyve 1
## thing 1
## think 1
## thinks 1
## third 1
## thousands 2
## threat 1
## time 3
## timid 1
## today 8
## took 1
## tools 1
## total 1
## tough 1
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## towards 3
## toyota 1
## tragic 1
## transition 3
## transitioning 1
## transportation 1
## travel 2
## trip 1
## triple 1
## trucks 1
## truth 2
## try 1
## trying 1
## tumble 1
## turmoil 1
## turn 1
## twenty 1
## twice 1
## two 2
## type 1
## ukraine 5
## ultimately 1
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## undervalued 1
## union 1
## united 1
## unless 1
## unprecedented 1
## use 5
## using 1
## usual 1
## vehicles 2
## viktor 1
## volatile 1
## voted 1
## wait 1
## waitandsee 1
## waiting 2
## war 1
## warnings 2
## washington 2
## wasnt 2
## waters 1
## way 1
## ways 1
## wealthy 1
## wed 3
## week 2
## weight 1
## wel 1
## well 4
## wellbeing 1
## weve 1
## whats 1
## whether 1
## widely 1
## will 18
## without 1
## won 1
## wont 2
## workers 4
## world 3
## worries 1
## wors 1
## worse 1
## wouldnt 1
## wright 1
## year 6
## years 10
## yet 1
## young 1
## yushchenko 3findFreqTerms(myDtm, lowfreq=10)## [1] "american" "car" "cars" "energy" "future" "now"
## [7] "oil" "will" "years"findAssocs(myDtm, 'future', 0.1)## $future
## numeric(0)m <- as.matrix(myDtm)
v <- sort(rowSums(m), decreasing=TRUE)
v## oil energy will now
## 34 19 18 16
## cars future american car
## 15 11 10 10
## years fuel make auto
## 10 9 9 8
## companies need right today
## 8 8 8 8
## country economy fuelefficient gallon
## 7 7 7 7
## get government just nation
## 7 7 7 7
## one technology already dont
## 7 7 6 6
## foreign gas industry katrina
## 6 6 6 6
## like price year americas
## 6 6 6 5
## care countries demand even
## 5 5 5 5
## every market miles production
## 5 5 5 5
## see ukraine use america
## 5 5 5 4
## away bill cant china
## 4 4 4 4
## consumers costs danger dependence
## 4 4 4 4
## despite economic health hybrid
## 4 4 4 4
## hybrids last made must
## 4 4 4 4
## new part per renewable
## 4 4 4 4
## sure take theyre well
## 4 4 4 4
## workers also around biofuels
## 4 3 3 3
## capacity clean content dependency
## 3 3 3 3
## difficult disaster east experts
## 3 3 3 3
## finally first fossil give
## 3 3 3 3
## help hope independence invest
## 3 3 3 3
## isnt making means middle
## 3 3 3 3
## move next open people
## 3 3 3 3
## politics pump ready represent
## 3 3 3 3
## rest russia security shortterm
## 3 3 3 3
## solutions sources standards still
## 3 3 3 3
## supply thats time towards
## 3 3 3 3
## transition wed world yushchenko
## 3 3 3 3
## act afford allow almost
## 2 2 2 2
## another anymore arabia barrel
## 2 2 2 2
## biggest brand brazil break
## 2 2 2 2
## build built businesses cause
## 2 2 2 2
## century choice clear coal
## 2 2 2 2
## competition consequence control costing
## 2 2 2 2
## counterparts countrys cut deal
## 2 2 2 2
## debate decade detroit direct
## 2 2 2 2
## earlier edge enough entirely
## 2 2 2 2
## expected face far find
## 2 2 2 2
## flexiblefuel ford former fuels
## 2 2 2 2
## getting giving global good
## 2 2 2 2
## got great gulf heating
## 2 2 2 2
## hit home increase industries
## 2 2 2 2
## innovation investment japan jump
## 2 2 2 2
## kind kinds lets listen
## 2 2 2 2
## long longer look many
## 2 2 2 2
## mass matter millions minds
## 2 2 2 2
## month national nations natural
## 2 2 2 2
## needs officials pay paying
## 2 2 2 2
## plant plugin policy president
## 2 2 2 2
## prices provisions raising reaching
## 2 2 2 2
## recently reduce refinery reforms
## 2 2 2 2
## remain require reserve road
## 2 2 2 2
## roads run running saudi
## 2 2 2 2
## save say scientists secure
## 2 2 2 2
## sent shown since sins
## 2 2 2 2
## source start steps storm
## 2 2 2 2
## strategic subside suffer supplies
## 2 2 2 2
## taking tax telling theyll
## 2 2 2 2
## thousands travel truth two
## 2 2 2 2
## vehicles waiting warnings washington
## 2 2 2 2
## wasnt week wont able
## 2 2 2 1
## absent abundant accept achingly
## 1 1 1 1
## across action actually adding
## 1 1 1 1
## adjustments administration administrations affected
## 1 1 1 1
## affects age agent ago
## 1 1 1 1
## ahead ailing airfare alone
## 1 1 1 1
## alternative alternatives always analysts
## 1 1 1 1
## andy answer anticipation anwr
## 1 1 1 1
## anymor anything argue asking
## 1 1 1 1
## aspect assert attack attacks
## 1 1 1 1
## attempts attitude autoworker available
## 1 1 1 1
## baby barrels become begin
## 1 1 1 1
## believe benefits best beyond
## 1 1 1 1
## biblical billion bought breaks
## 1 1 1 1
## brilliant brings broke brothers
## 1 1 1 1
## budding building bullet burden
## 1 1 1 1
## burn buy buying cafe
## 1 1 1 1
## cando cantdo catastrophe catch
## 1 1 1 1
## caught central centuri challenge
## 1 1 1 1
## challenges changes check chicago
## 1 1 1 1
## churning cia circles citizens
## 1 1 1 1
## classify clearly clos coast
## 1 1 1 1
## come commission communication compete
## 1 1 1 1
## competitive complex concern confidence
## 1 1 1 1
## constant consulting consumption contains
## 1 1 1 1
## continue conversations corn corporations
## 1 1 1 1
## countless courage cover crashed
## 1 1 1 1
## create creating credits crippling
## 1 1 1 1
## crisis crude culminated cure
## 1 1 1 1
## cuttingedge damage dangerously dawn
## 1 1 1 1
## day days deadly decimating
## 1 1 1 1
## decision decisions defended democracies
## 1 1 1 1
## demonstration demonstrations dent department
## 1 1 1 1
## depend dependent despotic didnt
## 1 1 1 1
## dilemma direction disorgan doesnt
## 1 1 1 1
## domestic done doubling doubt
## 1 1 1 1
## drilling drive driving earth
## 1 1 1 1
## easiest effect efficiency elections
## 1 1 1 1
## els elsewhere email embargo
## 1 1 1 1
## emerged encourage engine engines
## 1 1 1 1
## equipping escape ethanol europe
## 1 1 1 1
## evacuated everything example executive
## 1 1 1 1
## facing fact factory failed
## 1 1 1 1
## failure family famously farmers
## 1 1 1 1
## farreaching fema fifteen fight
## 1 1 1 1
## fill finds firm flatfooted
## 1 1 1 1
## flies flood follow fords
## 1 1 1 1
## forge founding freedom frightening
## 1 1 1 1
## fueled galesburg gaselectric gasolin
## 1 1 1 1
## gasoline genius geopolitical gms
## 1 1 1 1
## goes gouging governments grandmother
## 1 1 1 1
## greater groceries grocery grove
## 1 1 1 1
## grow growing growth guard
## 1 1 1 1
## guess hallmark handle hands
## 1 1 1 1
## happen harm havens heart
## 1 1 1 1
## heights helping henry hesitated
## 1 1 1 1
## higher highs hijacked hikes
## 1 1 1 1
## history holds homegrown hopefully
## 1 1 1 1
## hovering huge human hurricane
## 1 1 1 1
## hurricaneinduced identity ignore imagine
## 1 1 1 1
## immediately impact import incalculable
## 1 1 1 1
## inch indeed india influ
## 1 1 1 1
## influence insight insisting instead
## 1 1 1 1
## intel intentions interest internet
## 1 1 1 1
## investing invests issues januarys
## 1 1 1 1
## japans job jobs keeps
## 1 1 1 1
## know known kuwait largest
## 1 1 1 1
## launch lead led legislation
## 1 1 1 1
## legitimate lessons levees levels
## 1 1 1 1
## lif life lifting light
## 1 1 1 1
## limited lists literally little
## 1 1 1 1
## lives longterm loss mad
## 1 1 1 1
## madrassas major massive may
## 1 1 1 1
## measures meet mercy microchip
## 1 1 1 1
## might million moment moments
## 1 1 1 1
## money months mother moving
## 1 1 1 1
## much necessary none nuclear
## 1 1 1 1
## numbered offguard omission oneeighth
## 1 1 1 1
## opportunity optimism option orange
## 1 1 1 1
## orleans others overnight paid
## 1 1 1 1
## painful parliamentary parts passenger
## 1 1 1 1
## past path patron peak
## 1 1 1 1
## persistent petroleum picking pipelines
## 1 1 1 1
## place places plane planning
## 1 1 1 1
## plug plummet point polio
## 1 1 1 1
## political politically poorly popular
## 1 1 1 1
## powerful precisely prepar prepare
## 1 1 1 1
## preparing present principles prius
## 1 1 1 1
## probably problem profit profits
## 1 1 1 1
## projects promise promising proportions
## 1 1 1 1
## protected protestors provide provided
## 1 1 1 1
## providing public quantities quarter
## 1 1 1 1
## question raged raise rallying
## 1 1 1 1
## reach realize really rebuild
## 1 1 1 1
## recede recess record reduces
## 1 1 1 1
## refineries regimes region relied
## 1 1 1 1
## remains researchers responders response
## 1 1 1 1
## retiree retirees return returned
## 1 1 1 1
## revolution rhetoric rising role
## 1 1 1 1
## russian sagging said salk
## 1 1 1 1
## saving saw secured seeds
## 1 1 1 1
## seems sees seize selfsufficient
## 1 1 1 1
## sell sending sense serious
## 1 1 1 1
## seriously shelf shell shelves
## 1 1 1 1
## shore shortages shot shut
## 1 1 1 1
## silver simply sky skyrocket
## 1 1 1 1
## slow slowing small soaring
## 1 1 1 1
## social societal solut solution
## 1 1 1 1
## solving someday somewhere son
## 1 1 1 1
## soon soviet spend sphere
## 1 1 1 1
## spirit square stability standard
## 1 1 1 1
## stepped stiff stifled stood
## 1 1 1 1
## store stranglehold strike struck
## 1 1 1 1
## struggling subsidies succeeded suggested
## 1 1 1 1
## suppli surely survive survivors
## 1 1 1 1
## suspended suvs tab takes
## 1 1 1 1
## talk tank tankers teeming
## 1 1 1 1
## teetering television tells terror
## 1 1 1 1
## terrorist terrorists thank thanks
## 1 1 1 1
## theres theyve thing think
## 1 1 1 1
## thinks third threat timid
## 1 1 1 1
## took tools total tough
## 1 1 1 1
## toward toyota tragic transitioning
## 1 1 1 1
## transportation trip triple trucks
## 1 1 1 1
## try trying tumble turmoil
## 1 1 1 1
## turn twenty twice type
## 1 1 1 1
## ultimately underfunded undervalued union
## 1 1 1 1
## united unless unprecedented using
## 1 1 1 1
## usual viktor volatile voted
## 1 1 1 1
## wait waitandsee war waters
## 1 1 1 1
## way ways wealthy weight
## 1 1 1 1
## wel wellbeing weve whats
## 1 1 1 1
## whether widely without won
## 1 1 1 1
## worries wors worse wouldnt
## 1 1 1 1
## wright yet young
## 1 1 1myNames <- names(v)
d <- data.frame(word=myNames, freq=v)
wordcloud(d$word, d$freq, min.freq=3,col=brewer.pal(5,"Blues"))