title: “Climate Change Dataset: Flexdashboard Analysis” output: flexdashboard::flex_dashboard: orientation: rows vertical_layout: fill theme: cosmo source_code: embed ——————

Overview

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Records

53

Study Period

2020 - 2024

Mean Temperature

12.9 °C

Mean CO2

422.73 ppm

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Purpose and Approach

This flexdashboard analyzes the Climate Change Dataset using cleaned monthly climate observations from 2020 to 2024. The dashboard emphasizes three goals:

  1. Describe overall temporal patterns in climate indicators.
  2. Compare variables across months and years to identify seasonal or long-run differences.
  3. Explore relationships among atmospheric and environmental measures.

Missing values were handled carefully in two steps. First, impossible or placeholder entries such as Unknown, NAN, and sentinel values like 99999 were converted to missing. Next, missing values were imputed using the mean within month, which is more defensible than a single grand mean because many climate variables have strong seasonal structure. When a month-level mean was still unavailable, the overall variable mean was used as a fallback.

This design follows common visualization principles from course-style data visualization readings: choose the graph type that matches the analytical goal, reduce clutter, label clearly, and avoid decorations that do not improve interpretation.

Data Quality Summary

Temperature & Atmosphere

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CO2 and Temperature

Temperature Distribution by Month

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Interpretation

The scatterplot was selected because both CO2 concentration and average temperature are continuous numeric variables. This makes it easier to inspect whether higher CO2 values tend to align with higher or lower temperatures in this sample. The regression line provides a compact visual summary of direction.

The monthly boxplot complements that relationship view by showing variation, not only averages. This matters because climate interpretation should consider spread and seasonality, not just mean values.

Hydrology & Seasonal Conditions

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Mean Precipitation by Month

Monthly Snapshot Table

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Interpretation

This section focuses on variables that often vary with seasonal weather conditions: precipitation, humidity, cloud cover, and solar irradiance. The bar chart is appropriate here because month is a discrete category, and the main task is comparison across categories rather than continuous trend estimation.

Together, the chart and table make it easier to discuss how seasonal conditions shift through the year and how those changes may align with changes in temperature and atmospheric measures.

Relationships

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Correlation Heatmap

Selected Correlations with Average Temperature

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Interpretation

The heatmap provides a compact overview of many pairwise relationships at once. This is useful in climate analysis because no single bivariate plot can summarize the whole system. Positive values indicate variables that move together, while negative values indicate inverse movement.

The heatmap also reflects a best-practice principle from data visualization readings: when comparing many variables simultaneously, use a layout that supports pattern recognition without forcing the audience to mentally combine multiple separate figures.

References & Best Practices

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References Used in the Dashboard Narrative

You can keep this section as written or replace it with the exact course readings assigned in your class.

  • Tufte, Edward R. Emphasize high data-to-ink ratio, avoid unnecessary chart junk, and let the data remain the focus.
  • Cleveland and McGill. Use perceptually effective encodings such as position and length for accurate comparisons.
  • Claus O. Wilke. Match visualization form to analytical purpose and use annotations and labels to reduce interpretation burden.
  • Kieran Healy / data visualization best-practice guidance. Prefer clear titles, readable labels, and intentional chart choice over decorative complexity.

Why these choices fit this dashboard

This flexdashboard applies those ideas by:

  • using line charts for temporal trends,
  • using bar charts for categorical monthly comparison,
  • using boxplots for distributions,
  • using scatterplots for relationships between continuous measures,
  • using facets and heatmaps to reduce clutter while preserving structure.

Reproducibility Note

To knit this dashboard successfully, keep climate_change_dataset.csv in the same folder as this .Rmd file, then click Knit in RStudio.