library(tidyverse)
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## ✔ forcats 1.0.1 ✔ stringr 1.6.0
## ✔ ggplot2 4.0.1 ✔ tibble 3.3.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.5 ✔ tidyr 1.3.2
## ✔ purrr 1.2.1
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library(pastecs)
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## first, last
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## extract
library(readxl)
library(lmtest)
## Loading required package: zoo
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## Attaching package: 'zoo'
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## as.Date, as.Date.numeric
library(MASS)
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## select
library(car)
## Loading required package: carData
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## Attaching package: 'car'
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## recode
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## some
fema_data <- read_excel("fema_data.xlsx", sheet = "Core Survey", skip = 1)
## Warning: Expecting logical in LS1120 / R1120C331: got 'there is no third
## gender'
## Warning: Expecting logical in MO1246 / R1246C353: got 'normal'
## Warning: Expecting logical in MO1414 / R1414C353: got 'Fluid'
## Warning: Expecting logical in LS1963 / R1963C331: got 'Transgender'
## Warning: Expecting logical in MO2184 / R2184C353: got 'Genderfluid'
## Warning: Expecting logical in LS2311 / R2311C331: got 'Trans'
## Warning: Expecting logical in MO2699 / R2699C353: got 'Transgender'
## Warning: Expecting logical in MO2830 / R2830C353: got 'Nothing in particular'
## Warning: Expecting logical in MO3048 / R3048C353: got 'Good'
## Warning: Expecting logical in MO3304 / R3304C353: got 'Transgender'
## Warning: Expecting logical in LS4642 / R4642C331: got 'Transgender Female'
## Warning: Expecting logical in MO5355 / R5355C353: got 'Femal'
## Warning: Expecting logical in LS5609 / R5609C331: got 'There are two sexes,
## male and female. I'm a male.'
## Warning: Expecting logical in MO6038 / R6038C353: got 'Transgender'
## Warning: Expecting logical in LS6358 / R6358C331: got 'Transgender Male (FTM)'
## Warning: Expecting logical in MO7225 / R7225C353: got 'solo ager'
#This command instructs R which sheet to use and to start on row 2 for variable names. Row one is the long form question that was asked in the survey.
summary(fema_data)
## id sample weight state
## Min. : 1 Length:7604 Min. :0.03418 Length:7604
## 1st Qu.:1902 Class :character 1st Qu.:0.55677 Class :character
## Median :3802 Mode :character Median :0.83285 Mode :character
## Mean :3802 Mean :1.00000
## 3rd Qu.:5703 3rd Qu.:1.22835
## Max. :7604 Max. :4.99007
## geographic_division census_region zipcode county
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prep dis_soc dis_awareness_a dis_awareness_b
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_awareness_c dis_awareness_d dis_awareness_e dis_awareness_f
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_awareness_g dis_awareness_h dis_awareness_i dis_awareness_j
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_awareness_k dis_awareness_l dis_awareness_m dis_awareness_n
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_awareness_source_a dis_awareness_source_b dis_awareness_source_c
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_awareness_source_d dis_awareness_source_e dis_awareness_source_f
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_awareness_source_g dis_awareness_source_h dis_awareness_source_open
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_awareness_effect dis_impacts_a dis_impacts_b dis_impacts_c
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_impacts_d dis_impacts_e dis_impacts_f dis_impacts_g
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_impacts_h dis_impacts_i dis_impacts_j dis_impacts_k
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_impacts_l dis_impacts_m dis_impacts_n dis_impacts_o
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_impacts_p dis_impacts_q dis_impacts_r dis_impacts_s
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_impacts_t dis_impacts_u dis_impacts_v dis_impacts_w
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_impacts_x dis_impacts_y dis_impacts_z dis_impacts_aa
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_impacts_ab dis_impacts_ac dis_impacts_ad dis_impacts_ae
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_impacts_af dis_impacts_ag dis_impacts_ah dis_impacts_ai
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_perception dis_stepshelp dis_confidence dis_exp
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_exp_types_a dis_exp_types_b dis_exp_types_c dis_exp_types_d
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_exp_types_e dis_exp_types_f dis_exp_types_g dis_exp_types_h
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_exp_types_i dis_exp_types_j dis_exp_types_k dis_exp_types_l
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_exp_types_m dis_exp_types_n dis_exp_types_o dis_exp_types_p
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_exp_types_q dis_exp_types_r dis_exp_types_s dis_exp_types_t
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_exp_types_u dis_exp_types_v dis_exp_types_w dis_exp_types_x
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_exp_types_y dis_exp_types_z dis_exp_types_aa dis_exp_types_ab
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_exp_types_ac dis_exp_types_ad dis_exp_types_ae dis_exp_types_af
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_exp_types_ag dis_exp_types_ah dis_exp_types_ai dis_prepactions_a
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_b dis_prepactions_c dis_prepactions_d dis_prepactions_e
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_f dis_prepactions_g dis_prepactions_h dis_prepactions_i
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_j dis_prepactions_k dis_prepactions_l dis_prepactions_m
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_n dis_prepactions_alerts_a_1 dis_prepactions_alerts_a_2
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_a_3 dis_prepactions_alerts_a_4
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_a_5 dis_prepactions_alerts_a_6
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_a_7 dis_prepactions_alerts_a_8
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_b_1 dis_prepactions_alerts_b_2
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_b_3 dis_prepactions_alerts_b_4
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_b_5 dis_prepactions_alerts_b_6
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_b_7 dis_prepactions_alerts_b_8
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_c_1 dis_prepactions_alerts_c_2
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_c_3 dis_prepactions_alerts_c_4
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_c_5 dis_prepactions_alerts_c_6
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_c_7 dis_prepactions_alerts_c_8
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_d_1 dis_prepactions_alerts_d_2
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_d_3 dis_prepactions_alerts_d_4
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_d_5 dis_prepactions_alerts_d_6
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_d_7 dis_prepactions_alerts_d_8
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_e_1 dis_prepactions_alerts_e_2
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_e_3 dis_prepactions_alerts_e_4
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_e_5 dis_prepactions_alerts_e_6
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_e_7 dis_prepactions_alerts_e_8
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_f_1 dis_prepactions_alerts_f_2
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_f_3 dis_prepactions_alerts_f_4
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_f_5 dis_prepactions_alerts_f_6
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_alerts_f_7 dis_prepactions_alerts_f_8
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_emerplan_a dis_prepactions_emerplan_b
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_emerplan_c dis_prepactions_emerplan_d
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_prepactions_emerplan_e dis_prepactions_emerplan_f dis_prepactions_supplies
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_power dis_water dis_emerplan dis_transport
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## race_obstacles race_influence capbuild_cbo_a capbuild_cbo_b
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## capbuild_cbo_c capbuild_cbo_d capbuild_cbo_e capbuild_cbo_f
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## capbuild_cbo_g capbuild_cbo_h capbuild_cbo_i capbuild_cbo_j
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## capbuild_cbo_k capbuild_cbo_l capbuild_cbo_m capbuild_cbo_n
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## capbuild_aidtype_a capbuild_aidtype_b capbuild_aidtype_c capbuild_aidtype_d
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## capbuild_aidtype_e capbuild_aidtype_f capbuild_aidtype_g capbuild_aidtype_h
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## capbuild_aidtype_i capbuild_aidtype_j capbuild_aidtype_k capbuild_aidtype_l
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## capbuild_aidsource_a capbuild_aidsource_b capbuild_aidsource_c
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## capbuild_aidsource_d capbuild_aidsource_e capbuild_aidsource_f
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## capbuild_aidsource_g capbuild_concern_a capbuild_concern_b capbuild_concern_c
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## capbuild_concern_d capbuild_concern_e capbuild_concern_f capbuild_concern_g
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## yp_program_a yp_program_b yp_program_c yp_program_d
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## yp_program_e yp_program_f yp_tool_a yp_tool_b
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## yp_tool_c yp_tool_d yp_tool_e yp_tool_f
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## yp_tool_g yp_tool_h yp_tool_i yp_tool_open
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## yp_convo citres_cert citres_cert_source_a
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## citres_cert_source_b citres_cert_source_c citres_cert_source_d
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## citres_cert_source_e citres_cert_source_f citres_cert_source_g
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## citres_cert_source_h citres_cert_source_i citres_uha
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## finres_actions_a finres_actions_b finres_actions_c finres_actions_d
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## finres_actions_e finres_actions_f finres_actions_g finres_actions_h
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## finres_actions_i finres_actions_j finres_actions_k finres_actions_l
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## finres_actions_m finres_insuranceresidence finres_insurancehazard_a
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## finres_insurancehazard_b finres_insurancehazard_c finres_insurancehazard_d
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## finres_insurancehazard_e finres_insurancehazard_f finres_insurancehazard_g
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## finres_insurancehazard_h pan_perception pan_future
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## pan_awareness_a pan_awareness_b pan_awareness_c pan_awareness_d
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## pan_awareness_e pan_awareness_f pan_awareness_g pan_awareness_h
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## pan_awareness_i pan_awareness_j pan_exp pan_prepactions_a
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## pan_prepactions_b pan_prepactions_c pan_prepactions_d pan_prepactions_e
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## pan_prepactions_f pan_prepactions_g pan_prepactions_h pan_prepactions_i
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## pan_prepactions_j pan_prepactions_k pan_prepactions_l pan_prepactions_m
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## pan_prepactions_n pan_stepshelp pan_confidence pan_soc
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## pan_motivation pan_atleast1_prepaction pan_atleast3_prepaction
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## pan_iawareness pan_iexp pan_iprepefficacy pan_iperception
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## pan_atleast1_influencer pan_atleast2_influencer pan_atleast3_influencer
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## pan_4_influencer pan_3_prepstages pan_2_prepstages
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_atleast1_prepaction dis_atleast3_prepaction dis_iawareness
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_iexp dis_iprepefficacy dis_iperception
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_atleast1_influencer dis_atleast2_influencer dis_atleast3_influencer
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## dis_4_influencer dis_3_prepstages dis_2_prepstages age
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## sex sex_open education vocational
## Length:7604 Mode:logical Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character NA's:7604 Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## ethnicity race_selfid disability care
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## numadult numchild numchild_school
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## numchild_school_emerplan primarylanguage primarylanguage_open
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## homeownership homeownership_open rentmortgage hometype
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## hometype_open income employment lgb_selfid
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## lgb_orientation lgb_orientation_open lgb_gender lgb_gender_open
## Length:7604 Mode:logical Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character NA's:7604 Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## lgb_obstacles lgb_influence rel_selfid rel_affiliation_a
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## rel_affiliation_b rel_affiliation_c rel_affiliation_d rel_affiliation_e
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## rel_affiliation_f rel_affiliation_open rel_minority rel_degree
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## rel_attendance rel_pray rel_meditate rel_scripture
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## rel_source rel_obstacles rel_influence sixtyplus
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## socioeconomically_disadvantaged englishlang rurality
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## rentmortgage_agg income_agg sex_original education_original
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## ethnicity_original race_selfid_original_aian race_selfid_original_asian
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## race_selfid_original_blackaa race_selfid_original_nhopi
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## race_selfid_original_white race_selfid_original_other race_selfid_original_dk
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## race_selfid_open race_selfid_original disability_original
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## homeownership_original income_original age_imputed
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## sex_imputed education_imputed race_imputed disability_imputed
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## homeownership_imputed income_imputed ethnicity_imputed language
## Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## date time
## Length:7604 Length:7604
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
#This data set contains 7605 observations and 406 variables
#I am interested in learning more about preparedness of individuals with disabilities and FNSS requirements. Using the Codebook provided with the data set I selected the following variables to investigate.
summary(fema_data$disability)
## Length Class Mode
## 7604 character character
#Unfortunately, these are yes or no questions and will not work easily for this assignment. As such, I will begin with a more basic study of preparedness vs perceived risk.
#level of self perceived preparedness
table(fema_data$dis_soc)
##
## Don't know
## 387
## I am NOT prepared, and I do not intend to prepare in the next year
## 736
## I am NOT prepared, but I intend to get prepared in the next six months
## 1505
## I am NOT prepared, but I intend to start preparing in the next year
## 1252
## I have been prepared for LESS than a year
## 1357
## I have been prepared for MORE than a year and I continue preparing
## 2367
#is there a perceived threat from disaster
table(fema_data$dis_iperception)
##
## No Unknown Yes
## 1457 619 5528
#individual identifies as having a disability
table(fema_data$disability)
##
## Disability No Disability
## 1855 5749
#Viewing levels of preparedness as factors will allow me to understand how the different responses are ordered from least to most prepared.
#I am also removing "Don't know" responses for preparedness, since those become NA when the ordered factor is created.
fema_data$dis_soc <- factor(fema_data$dis_soc,levels = c(
"I am NOT prepared, and I do not intend to prepare in the next year",
"I am NOT prepared, but I intend to start preparing in the next year",
"I am NOT prepared, but I intend to get prepared in the next six months",
"I have been prepared for LESS than a year",
"I have been prepared for MORE than a year and I continue preparing"))
#Check the levels
levels(fema_data$dis_soc)
## [1] "I am NOT prepared, and I do not intend to prepare in the next year"
## [2] "I am NOT prepared, but I intend to start preparing in the next year"
## [3] "I am NOT prepared, but I intend to get prepared in the next six months"
## [4] "I have been prepared for LESS than a year"
## [5] "I have been prepared for MORE than a year and I continue preparing"
#I am not interested in data from individuals who answered "unknown" to whether they perceive a threat from disasters.
fema_compare <- subset(fema_data,dis_iperception %in% c("Yes", "No") & !is.na(dis_soc))
#Convert disability status to numeric
fema_compare$disability_numeric <- ifelse(fema_compare$disability == "Yes", 1, 0)
#Converting the preparedness levels to numerics will allow me to run histograms and plots.
fema_compare$prep_numeric <- as.numeric(fema_compare$dis_soc)
#Convert disability status to numeric
fema_compare$disability_numeric <- ifelse(fema_compare$disability == "Disability", 1, 0)
#Convert perceived threat to numeric
fema_compare$threat_numeric <- ifelse(fema_compare$dis_iperception == "Yes", 1, 0)
#Converting the preparedness levels to numerics will allow me to run histograms and plots.
fema_compare$prep_numeric <- as.numeric(fema_compare$dis_soc)
#Verify that the above step worked
summary(fema_compare$prep_numeric)
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1.000 2.000 4.000 3.504 5.000 5.000
table(fema_compare$disability, useNA = "ifany")
##
## Disability No Disability
## 1630 5099
#Check the relationship between disability and perceived disaster threat
table(fema_compare$disability, fema_compare$dis_iperception)
##
## No Yes
## Disability 271 1359
## No Disability 1096 4003
chisq.test(table(fema_compare$disability, fema_compare$dis_iperception))
##
## Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
##
## data: table(fema_compare$disability, fema_compare$dis_iperception)
## X-squared = 17.787, df = 1, p-value = 2.471e-05
#The weight variable allows respondents to contribute proportionally based on how representative they are of the population.
weighted.mean(fema_compare$prep_numeric[fema_compare$disability == "Disability"],
fema_compare$weight[fema_compare$disability == "Disability"],na.rm = TRUE)
## [1] 3.505327
weighted.mean(fema_compare$prep_numeric[fema_compare$disability == "No Disability"],
fema_compare$weight[fema_compare$disability == "No Disability"],na.rm = TRUE)
## [1] 3.507825
Homework
- Load your preferred dataset into R studio
- Create a linear model “lm()” from the variables, with a continuous
dependent variable as the outcome
- Check the following assumptions:
- Linearity (plot and raintest)
- Independence of errors (durbin-watson)
- Homoscedasticity (plot, bptest)
- Normality of residuals (QQ plot, shapiro test)
- No multicolinarity (VIF, cor)
- does your model meet those assumptions? You don’t have to be
perfectly right, just make a good case.
- If your model violates an assumption, which one?
- What would you do to mitigate this assumption? Show your work.
#2
disability_exp_perc_model<-lm(prep_numeric ~ dis_perception + dis_exp + disability_numeric + care, data = fema_compare)
summary(disability_exp_perc_model)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = prep_numeric ~ dis_perception + dis_exp + disability_numeric +
## care, data = fema_compare)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -3.1101 -0.9779 0.1667 1.1102 2.7426
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 2.84208 0.19491 14.581 < 2e-16 ***
## dis_perceptionUnlikely -0.42001 0.04237 -9.913 < 2e-16 ***
## dis_perceptionVery likely 0.22030 0.03750 5.875 4.44e-09 ***
## dis_expNo 0.24015 0.12341 1.946 0.0517 .
## dis_expYes 0.74443 0.12282 6.061 1.42e-09 ***
## disability_numeric -0.16465 0.03890 -4.233 2.34e-05 ***
## careNo 0.17108 0.16368 1.045 0.2960
## careYes 0.30326 0.16644 1.822 0.0685 .
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 1.295 on 6721 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.08486, Adjusted R-squared: 0.08391
## F-statistic: 89.04 on 7 and 6721 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
#3a Linearity
plot(disability_exp_perc_model,which=1)
raintest(disability_exp_perc_model)
##
## Rainbow test
##
## data: disability_exp_perc_model
## Rain = 0.95976, df1 = 3365, df2 = 3356, p-value = 0.883
#3b Independence of errors
durbinWatsonTest(disability_exp_perc_model)
## lag Autocorrelation D-W Statistic p-value
## 1 -0.004119254 2.008153 0.738
## Alternative hypothesis: rho != 0
#3c Homoscedasticity
plot(disability_exp_perc_model,which=3)
bptest(disability_exp_perc_model)
##
## studentized Breusch-Pagan test
##
## data: disability_exp_perc_model
## BP = 160.21, df = 7, p-value < 2.2e-16
#3d Normality of residuals
plot(disability_exp_perc_model,which=2)
#Due to >5,000 sample size, the Shapiro-Wilk test will not run. Instead, the K-S test was used.
ks.test(disability_exp_perc_model$residuals,"pnorm")
## Warning in ks.test.default(disability_exp_perc_model$residuals, "pnorm"): ties
## should not be present for the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
##
## Asymptotic one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
##
## data: disability_exp_perc_model$residuals
## D = 0.18472, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: two-sided
#3e No multicolinarity
vif(disability_exp_perc_model)
## GVIF Df GVIF^(1/(2*Df))
## dis_perception 1.119182 2 1.028549
## dis_exp 1.127664 2 1.030493
## disability_numeric 1.114526 1 1.055711
## care 1.153898 2 1.036434
#3e Mitigation
disability_exp_perc_model_log <- lm(log(prep_numeric) ~ dis_perception + dis_exp + disability_numeric + care,data = fema_compare)
plot(disability_exp_perc_model_log,which=2)
#4) The model meets some, but not all, of the required assumptions. Linearity and independence of errors are satisfied, and multicollinearity is not an issue. However, the model violates the assumptions of homoscedasticity and normality, as shown by the Breusch-Pagan test and the KS test.
#5) The model violates the assumptions of homoscedasticity and normality. Both tests for these assumptions are statistically significant, indicating that these issues are present in the model.
#6) To address these violations, a log transformation of the dependent variable was applied. This transformation is intended to reduce skewness and stabilize the variance of the residuals. After applying the transformation, the Q-Q plot shows the residuals deviate further from normality. This is likely due to the limited scale of the preparedness variable, which only ranges from 1 to 5. As a result, the transformation does not resolve the issue.