Supplementary Figure S1. Forest plots of C-indices for
adjusted multivariate models
The plots illustrate the discriminative ability of the models for (A)
28-day (C-index: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.68–0.72) and (B) 90-day (C-index: 0.68;
95% CI: 0.67–0.70) all-cause mortality.
Supplementary Table S1. Univariate Analysis of 28-day motality
|
Variables
|
β
|
S.E
|
Z
|
P
|
HR (95%CI)
|
|
LAR
|
0.25
|
0.02
|
16.4
|
<.001
|
1.28 (1.24-1.32)
|
|
Race: White
|
|
|
|
|
1.00 (Ref)
|
|
Race: Black
|
-0.15
|
0.12
|
-1.22
|
0.222
|
0.86 (0.67-1.10)
|
|
Race: Others
|
0.48
|
0.06
|
7.58
|
<.001
|
1.61 (1.42-1.82)
|
|
Heart Failure (Yes)
|
-0.04
|
0.06
|
-0.61
|
0.543
|
0.96 (0.85-1.09)
|
|
Acute Renal Failure (Yes)
|
0.64
|
0.07
|
8.94
|
<.001
|
1.90 (1.65-2.18)
|
|
Hepatitis (Yes)
|
0.2
|
0.08
|
2.47
|
0.013
|
1.22 (1.04-1.42)
|
|
Chronic Kidney Disease (Yes)
|
-0.17
|
0.07
|
-2.41
|
0.016
|
0.84 (0.73-0.97)
|
|
Stroke (Yes)
|
0
|
0.11
|
-0.01
|
0.993
|
1.00 (0.81-1.24)
|
|
Vasoactive agents (Yes)
|
0.49
|
0.07
|
7.59
|
<.001
|
1.64 (1.44-1.86)
|
|
Rxglucocorticoids (Yes)
|
0.27
|
0.07
|
4.14
|
<.001
|
1.31 (1.15-1.49)
|
|
Anticoagulants (Yes)
|
-0.4
|
0.06
|
-6.65
|
<.001
|
0.67 (0.60-0.75)
|
|
Antiplatelets (Yes)
|
-0.53
|
0.07
|
-7.69
|
<.001
|
0.59 (0.52-0.67)
|
|
Age
|
0
|
0
|
1.73
|
0.084
|
1.00 (1.00-1.01)
|
|
Heart rate
|
0.01
|
0
|
3.76
|
<.001
|
1.01 (1.01-1.01)
|
|
Respiratory rate
|
0.02
|
0
|
3.97
|
<.001
|
1.02 (1.01-1.03)
|
|
SOFA Score
|
0.13
|
0.01
|
17.37
|
<.001
|
1.14 (1.12-1.16)
|
|
APS III Score
|
0.02
|
0
|
21.12
|
<.001
|
1.02 (1.02-1.03)
|
|
White blood cells
|
0.02
|
0
|
5.92
|
<.001
|
1.02 (1.01-1.02)
|
|
Creatinine
|
0.04
|
0.01
|
2.85
|
0.004
|
1.04 (1.01-1.07)
|
|
Bilirubin total
|
0.02
|
0
|
7.56
|
<.001
|
1.02 (1.02-1.03)
|
|
AST
|
0.01
|
0
|
5.99
|
<.001
|
1.01 (1.01-1.01)
|
|
ALT
|
0.01
|
0
|
3.88
|
<.001
|
1.01 (1.01-1.01)
|
|
Lactate
|
0.12
|
0.01
|
16.46
|
<.001
|
1.13 (1.11-1.14)
|
|
Albumin
|
-0.15
|
0.05
|
-3.16
|
0.002
|
0.86 (0.79-0.95)
|
|
PT
|
0.01
|
0
|
7.48
|
<.001
|
1.01 (1.01-1.02)
|
|
PTT
|
0.01
|
0
|
6.32
|
<.001
|
1.01 (1.01-1.01)
|
|
Potassium
|
0.09
|
0.03
|
2.53
|
0.011
|
1.09 (1.02-1.16)
|
|
Calcium total
|
-0.03
|
0.03
|
-0.89
|
0.374
|
0.97 (0.92-1.03)
|
|
Glucose
|
0.01
|
0
|
3.81
|
<.001
|
1.01 (1.01-1.01)
|
|
Anion gap
|
0.05
|
0
|
11.54
|
<.001
|
1.06 (1.05-1.06)
|
|
Note:
|
|
LAR: lactate to albumin ratio; SOFA: sequential organ
failure assessment; APACHE III: acute physiology and chronic health
evaluation III; HR: Hazard Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval
|
Supplementary Table S2. Univariate Analysis of 90-day motality
|
Variables
|
β
|
S.E
|
Z
|
P
|
HR (95%CI)
|
|
LAR
|
0.24
|
0.01
|
16.64
|
<.001
|
1.27 (1.24-1.31)
|
|
Race: White
|
|
|
|
|
1.00 (Ref)
|
|
Race: Black
|
-0.2
|
0.11
|
-1.87
|
0.062
|
0.82 (0.66-1.01)
|
|
Race: Others
|
0.41
|
0.06
|
7.49
|
<.001
|
1.51 (1.36-1.68)
|
|
Heart Failure (Yes)
|
0.03
|
0.05
|
0.52
|
0.603
|
1.03 (0.93-1.14)
|
|
Acute Renal Failure (Yes)
|
0.59
|
0.06
|
9.78
|
<.001
|
1.80 (1.60-2.03)
|
|
Hepatitis (Yes)
|
0.21
|
0.07
|
3.05
|
0.002
|
1.24 (1.08-1.42)
|
|
Chronic Kidney Disease (Yes)
|
-0.1
|
0.06
|
-1.7
|
0.089
|
0.90 (0.80-1.02)
|
|
Stroke (Yes)
|
-0.02
|
0.1
|
-0.21
|
0.833
|
0.98 (0.81-1.18)
|
|
Vasoactive agents (Yes)
|
0.37
|
0.05
|
6.81
|
<.001
|
1.45 (1.31-1.62)
|
|
Rxglucocorticoids (Yes)
|
0.35
|
0.06
|
6.23
|
<.001
|
1.42 (1.27-1.58)
|
|
Anticoagulants (Yes)
|
-0.34
|
0.05
|
-6.63
|
<.001
|
0.71 (0.64-0.78)
|
|
Antiplatelets (Yes)
|
-0.44
|
0.06
|
-7.69
|
<.001
|
0.64 (0.57-0.72)
|
|
Age
|
0.01
|
0
|
2.99
|
0.003
|
1.01 (1.01-1.01)
|
|
Heart rate
|
0.01
|
0
|
3.26
|
0.001
|
1.01 (1.01-1.01)
|
|
Respiratory rate
|
0.02
|
0
|
4
|
<.001
|
1.02 (1.01-1.02)
|
|
SOFA Score
|
0.12
|
0.01
|
18.16
|
<.001
|
1.13 (1.11-1.14)
|
|
APS III Score
|
0.02
|
0
|
21.92
|
<.001
|
1.02 (1.02-1.02)
|
|
White blood cells
|
0.02
|
0
|
6.32
|
<.001
|
1.02 (1.01-1.02)
|
|
Creatinine
|
0.05
|
0.01
|
4
|
<.001
|
1.05 (1.02-1.07)
|
|
Bilirubin total
|
0.03
|
0
|
10.21
|
<.001
|
1.03 (1.02-1.03)
|
|
AST
|
0.01
|
0
|
5.47
|
<.001
|
1.01 (1.01-1.01)
|
|
ALT
|
0.01
|
0
|
2.8
|
0.005
|
1.01 (1.01-1.01)
|
|
Lactate
|
0.12
|
0.01
|
16.83
|
<.001
|
1.12 (1.11-1.14)
|
|
Albumin
|
-0.1
|
0.04
|
-2.45
|
0.014
|
0.90 (0.83-0.98)
|
|
PT
|
0.01
|
0
|
7.45
|
<.001
|
1.01 (1.01-1.01)
|
|
PTT
|
0.01
|
0
|
6.61
|
<.001
|
1.01 (1.01-1.01)
|
|
Potassium
|
0.07
|
0.03
|
2.49
|
0.013
|
1.08 (1.02-1.14)
|
|
Calcium total
|
0.04
|
0.03
|
1.43
|
0.152
|
1.04 (0.99-1.09)
|
|
Glucose
|
0.01
|
0
|
2.82
|
0.005
|
1.01 (1.01-1.01)
|
|
Anion gap
|
0.05
|
0
|
11.68
|
<.001
|
1.05 (1.04-1.06)
|
|
Note:
|
|
LAR: lactate to albumin ratio; SOFA: sequential organ
failure assessment; APS III: acute physiology score III; HR: Hazard
Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval
|
Supplementary Table S3. Diagnostic performance of LAR and other
indicators for predicting short-term mortality
|
Variables
|
AUC (95%CI)
|
Accuracy (95%CI)
|
Sensitivity (95%CI)
|
Specificity (95%CI)
|
Cut off
|
|
28-day all-cause mortality
|
|
LAR
|
0.64 (0.62-0.66)
|
0.62 (0.60-0.63)
|
0.67 (0.65-0.70)
|
0.53 (0.51-0.56)
|
0.945
|
|
Lactate
|
0.63 (0.61-0.66)
|
0.61 (0.59-0.62)
|
0.67 (0.65-0.69)
|
0.52 (0.49-0.55)
|
2.65
|
|
Albumin
|
0.54 (0.52-0.56)
|
0.45 (0.43-0.47)
|
0.40 (0.38-0.43)
|
0.51 (0.49-0.54)
|
2.75
|
|
SOFA
|
0.66 (0.64-0.68)
|
0.63 (0.61-0.65)
|
0.69 (0.66-0.71)
|
0.55 (0.52-0.58)
|
9.5
|
|
90-day all-cause mortality
|
|
LAR
|
0.63 (0.61-0.65)
|
0.59 (0.57-0.61)
|
0.70 (0.67-0.72)
|
0.50 (0.48-0.53)
|
0.945
|
|
Lactate
|
0.63 (0.61-0.65)
|
0.58 (0.56-0.60)
|
0.69 (0.66-0.72)
|
0.49 (0.46-0.51)
|
2.65
|
|
Albumin
|
0.53 (0.51-0.55)
|
0.50 (0.48-0.51)
|
0.18 (0.16-0.20)
|
0.75 (0.73-0.77)
|
2.35
|
|
SOFA
|
0.65 (0.63-0.68)
|
0.60 (0.59-0.62)
|
0.72 (0.69-0.74)
|
0.51 (0.49-0.54)
|
9.5
|
|
Note:
|
|
The table presents the area under the curve (AUC), optimal
cut-off values, sensitivity, specificity, and derived accuracy from the
ROC analysis.
|