A4Q1

# install.packages("readxl")
# install.packages("ggpubr")
library(readxl)
library(ggpubr)

## Loading required package: ggplot2

A4Q1 <- read_excel("C:/Users/sanja/Downloads/A4Q1.xlsx")

ggscatter(A4Q1,
  x = "age", 
  y = "education",
  add = "reg.line",
  xlab = "age",
  ylab = "education"
)

mean(A4Q1$age)

## [1] 35.32634

sd(A4Q1$age)

## [1] 11.45344

median(A4Q1$age)

## [1] 35.79811

mean(A4Q1$education)

## [1] 13.82705

sd(A4Q1$education)

## [1] 2.595901

median(A4Q1$education)

## [1] 14.02915

hist(A4Q1$age,
     main = "age",
     breaks = 20,
     col = "lightblue",
     border = "white",
     cex.main = 1,
     cex.axis = 1,
     cex.lab = 1)

hist(A4Q1$education,
     main = "education",
     breaks = 20,
     col = "lightcoral",
     border = "white",
     cex.main = 1,
     cex.axis = 1,
     cex.lab = 1)

    # xlab = "Years of education")
# Variable 1: age
# The relationship is [linear].
# The relationship is [positive].
# The relationship is [moderate].
# There [are no] outliers.
# Variable 2: education
# The relationship is [linear].
# The relationship is [positive].
# The relationship is [moderate].
# There [are no] outliers.
shapiro.test(A4Q1$age)

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  A4Q1$age
## W = 0.99194, p-value = 0.5581

shapiro.test(A4Q1$education)

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  A4Q1$education
## W = 0.9908, p-value = 0.4385

# Variable 1: age
# The first variable is normally distributed (p = .55).

# Variable 2: education
# The second variable is normally distributed (p = .43).
cor.test(A4Q1$age, A4Q1$education, method = "pearson")

## 
##  Pearson's product-moment correlation
## 
## data:  A4Q1$age and A4Q1$education
## t = 7.4066, df = 148, p-value = 9.113e-12
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  0.3924728 0.6279534
## sample estimates:
##       cor 
## 0.5200256

# A Pearson correlation was conducted to test the relationship between Variable 1 (M = 35.32, SD = 11.45) and Variable 2 (M = 13.82, SD = 2.59).
# There [was] a statistically significant relationship between the two variables, r(148) = .52, p <.001.
# The relationship was positive and strong.
# As age increased, education increased.