Assignment 7

I decided to use the murders dataset from the DS Labs package to explore the relationship between population size and the total number of gun-related murders across U.S. states. Initially, I wanted to understand whether higher population automatically leads to more murders, or if other factors might also play a role. To investigate this, I created a scatterplot with population (in millions) on the x-axis and total murders on the y-axis.In order to add more depth to the analysis, I introduced a third variable by coloring each point based on the region of the state. This allowed me to compare patterns across different parts of the country rather than just looking at a single overall trend. I also included a linear regression line to better visualize the general relationship between the two variables.

library(tidyverse)

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✔ purrr     1.2.1     
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library(dslabs)

# Load the dataset
data("murders")

ggplot(murders, aes(x = population/10^6, y = total, color = region)) +

  # Add points representing each state
  geom_point(size = 3, alpha = 0.7) +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE, linetype = "dashed") +
  labs(
    title = "Relationship Between Population and Gun Murders in the US",
    subtitle = "Each point represents a state, colored by region",
    x = "Population",
    y = "Total Murders",
    color = "Region",
   
  ) 

`geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

# Apply a non-default theme and customize it
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    legend.position = "top",
    plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold"),
    axis.title = element_text(face = "bold")
  ) 

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The results show a clear positive relationship, where states with larger populations tend to have higher total numbers of murders. However, the variation in colors across the plot suggests that regional differences may influence crime levels beyond population size alone. This indicates that geographic, social, or economic factors could also contribute to the observed patterns.