1 Introduction

Le Port Autonome de Dakar est le principal port d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Ce rapport analyse l’évolution du trafic portuaire sur la période 2010-2023.

2 Données

port_dakar <- data.frame(
  annee = 2010:2023,
  
  marchandises = c(8.5, 9.1, 9.8, 10.2, 11.0, 11.5, 
                   12.1, 12.8, 13.2, 13.8, 11.2, 
                   13.5, 15.2, 16.1),
  
  navires = c(1820, 1890, 1950, 2010, 2100, 2180,
              2250, 2320, 2400, 2480, 2100,
              2350, 2520, 2680),
  
  conteneurs = c(310, 335, 362, 389, 420, 445,
                 478, 512, 548, 585, 498,
                 562, 634, 698)
)

knitr::kable(port_dakar,
             caption = "Trafic portuaire du Port de Dakar (2010-2023)",
             col.names = c("Année", "Marchandises (Mt)",
                          "Navires", "Conteneurs (000 EVP)"))
Trafic portuaire du Port de Dakar (2010-2023)
Année Marchandises (Mt) Navires Conteneurs (000 EVP)
2010 8.5 1820 310
2011 9.1 1890 335
2012 9.8 1950 362
2013 10.2 2010 389
2014 11.0 2100 420
2015 11.5 2180 445
2016 12.1 2250 478
2017 12.8 2320 512
2018 13.2 2400 548
2019 13.8 2480 585
2020 11.2 2100 498
2021 13.5 2350 562
2022 15.2 2520 634
2023 16.1 2680 698

3 Visualisations

3.1 Evolution du trafic de marchandises

ggplot(port_dakar, aes(x = annee, y = marchandises)) +
  geom_line(color = "#2980b9", size = 1.3) +
  geom_point(color = "#2980b9", size = 3) +
  geom_area(alpha = 0.1, fill = "#2980b9") +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = 2010:2023) +
  labs(
    title = "Evolution du Trafic de Marchandises - Port de Dakar",
    subtitle = "En millions de tonnes (2010-2023)",
    x = "Année", y = "Millions de tonnes",
    caption = "Source : Port Autonome de Dakar"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 14),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))

3.2 Evolution du nombre de navires

ggplot(port_dakar, aes(x = annee, y = navires)) +
  geom_col(fill = "#27ae60", alpha = 0.8) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = 2010:2023) +
  labs(
    title = "Nombre de Navires au Port de Dakar",
    subtitle = "Evolution annuelle (2010-2023)",
    x = "Année", y = "Nombre de navires",
    caption = "Source : Port Autonome de Dakar"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 14),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))

3.3 Marchandises vs Conteneurs

port_long <- port_dakar %>%
  select(annee, marchandises, conteneurs) %>%
  pivot_longer(cols = c(marchandises, conteneurs),
               names_to = "type",
               values_to = "valeur")

ggplot(port_long, aes(x = annee, y = valeur, color = type)) +
  geom_line(size = 1.2) +
  geom_point(size = 2.5) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("marchandises" = "#2980b9",
                                "conteneurs" = "#e74c3c"),
                     labels = c("Conteneurs (000 EVP)",
                               "Marchandises (Mt)")) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = 2010:2023) +
  labs(
    title = "Marchandises et Conteneurs - Port de Dakar",
    x = "Année", y = "Valeur",
    color = "Indicateur",
    caption = "Source : Port Autonome de Dakar"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 14),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
        legend.position = "bottom")

4 Statistiques Descriptives

stats <- port_dakar %>%
  summarise(
    Moy_Marchandises = mean(marchandises),
    Max_Marchandises = max(marchandises),
    Moy_Navires = mean(navires),
    Max_Navires = max(navires),
    Moy_Conteneurs = mean(conteneurs),
    Max_Conteneurs = max(conteneurs)
  )

knitr::kable(stats,
             caption = "Statistiques descriptives",
             digits = 2)
Statistiques descriptives
Moy_Marchandises Max_Marchandises Moy_Navires Max_Navires Moy_Conteneurs Max_Conteneurs
12 16.1 2217.86 2680 484 698

5 Conclusion

Le Port Autonome de Dakar confirme sa position de hub logistique majeur en Afrique de l’Ouest avec une croissance continue du trafic. La légère baisse de 2020 reflète l’impact du Covid-19 sur le commerce maritime mondial.