Cohort learning gain, valid under IRT comparability - Prova Brasil. State effects as an Absolute Value

Equation

\[\begin{aligned} \mathrm{SCORE}_{9\mathrm{TH},\, i+4} - \mathrm{SCORE}_{5\mathrm{TH},\, i} \;=&\; \beta_0 + \sum_{c} \gamma_c \,\mathbb{1}(\mathrm{COHORT}_i = c) + \sum_{s} \lambda_s \,\mathbb{1}(\mathrm{STATE}_m = s) \\[4pt] &+ \beta_1 \,\mathrm{DROPOUT}_{m,i} + \beta_2 \,\mathrm{RACA\_PRETO}^{(9)}_{m,i+4} + \beta_3 \,\mathrm{NSE\_AVG}^{(9)}_{m,i+4} + \beta_4 \,\mathrm{SEXO\_M}^{(9)}_{m,i+4} \\[4pt] &+ \sum_{c} \delta_c \, \mathbb{1}(\mathrm{COHORT}_i = c) \times \mathrm{RACA\_PRETO}^{(9)}_{m,i+4} \\[4pt] &+ \sum_{c} \theta_c \, \mathbb{1}(\mathrm{COHORT}_i = c) \times \mathrm{NSE\_AVG}^{(9)}_{m,i+4} + \varepsilon_{m,i} \end{aligned}\]

where:

\[\begin{aligned} \mathrm{DROPOUT}_{m,i} = \frac{N^{(9)}_{m,i+4}}{N^{(5)}_{m,i}} \end{aligned}\]

State Value added

The state value-added represents the estimated academic gain for a specific state as if that state had the exact national average for all student and school characteristics.

\[\begin{aligned} \mathrm{ValueAdded}_{s} = \underbrace{\left( \hat{\alpha} + \sum_{j=1}^{P} \hat{\beta}_j \overline{X}_j \right)}_{\text{GO (Baseline)}} + \hat{\beta}_{s} \end{aligned}\]

Where:

\(\hat{\alpha}\): The Intercept.
\(\sum_{j=1}^{P} \hat{\beta}_j \overline{X}_j\): The sum of ALL coefficients multiplied by their national averages (this includes demographics, school variables, AND the coefficients of all states multiplied by their state proportions).
\(\hat{\beta}_{s}\): The specific coefficient for the state being analyzed (added to the baseline).

Normalization (z-score)

##  normalized covariates (z-score with gloabl average/sd):**
##  GANHO_LEITURA, GANHO_MATEMATICA, NSE_AVG, avg_index_violence, kl_raca, kl_NSE, kl_raca_ses, ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2, afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5 
## 
##  covariates kept in raw scale:**
##  SEXO_M, RACA_PRETO, DROP_OUT_RATE, proportion_estadual, NUM_SCHOOLS

Mean and SD by Cohort for All Variables (Normalized)
Variable	2007-2011_mean	2007-2011_sd	2009-2013_mean	2009-2013_sd	2011-2015_mean	2011-2015_sd	2013-2017_mean	2013-2017_sd
GANHO_LEITURA	0.207	0.992	-0.126	0.971	-0.047	0.995	-0.025	1.011
GANHO_MATEMATICA	0.393	1.004	-0.155	0.962	-0.082	0.939	-0.138	0.991
RACA_PRETO	0.088	0.064	0.094	0.064	0.101	0.068	0.104	0.068
NSE_AVG	-0.168	1.026	-0.005	0.988	0.062	0.955	0.102	1.008
SEXO_M	0.446	0.071	0.453	0.069	0.455	0.067	0.461	0.066
NUM_SCHOOLS	5.668	20.909	10.243	29.028	10.885	30.107	15.261	34.818
proportion_estadual	0.558	0.237	0.550	0.241	0.537	0.376	0.526	0.377
avg_index_violence	-0.297	0.795	0.282	0.658	-0.424	1.167	0.399	1.030
DROP_OUT_RATE	0.255	0.175	0.232	0.165	0.215	0.154	0.188	0.143
ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2	-0.085	0.781	-0.094	0.761	0.103	1.181	0.071	1.168
afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5	-0.081	0.812	-0.087	0.792	0.120	1.185	0.046	1.124
kl_raca	0.050	0.780	0.041	0.761	-0.091	1.169	0.000	1.186
kl_NSE	0.186	0.819	0.123	0.779	-0.141	1.177	-0.158	1.109
kl_raca_ses	0.207	0.829	0.169	0.794	-0.195	1.151	-0.170	1.098

Descriptive Statistics by Socioeconomic Group

Unnormalized Learning Gains (Natural Points)

White TOP SES

Unnormalized Learning Gains - White TOP SES
COHORT	Reading Gain	Math Gain	n
2007-2011	67.18	57.94	4890
2009-2013	58.48	41.42	5558
2011-2015	58.56	40.10	5617
2013-2017	60.79	43.56	6339
Overall	61.05	45.30	22404

White BOTTOM SES

Unnormalized Learning Gains - White BOTTOM SES
COHORT	Reading Gain	Math Gain	n
2007-2011	67.92	58.09	6021
2009-2013	62.19	47.20	5664
2011-2015	63.69	49.70	5340
2013-2017	67.45	51.08	5382
Overall	65.35	51.66	22407

Black/Brown TOP SES

Unnormalized Learning Gains - Black/Brown TOP SES
COHORT	Reading Gain	Math Gain	n
2007-2011	62.87	53.62	2403
2009-2013	54.72	38.38	2879
2011-2015	56.51	39.42	2983
2013-2017	61.01	42.79	3367
NA	NaN	NaN	550
Overall	58.68	43.07	12182

Black/Brown BOTTOM SES

Unnormalized Learning Gains - Black/Brown BOTTOM SES
COHORT	Reading Gain	Math Gain	n
2007-2011	64.76	55.27	3065
2009-2013	58.77	44.56	2955
2011-2015	61.58	48.19	2744
2013-2017	63.27	46.52	2868
NA	NaN	NaN	550
Overall	62.12	48.72	12182

Black TOP SES

Unnormalized Learning Gains - Black TOP SES
COHORT	Reading Gain	Math Gain	n
2007-2011	67.35	59.09	4670
2009-2013	58.26	43.91	5452
2011-2015	60.52	45.70	5470
2013-2017	63.08	45.58	5673
Overall	62.12	48.15	21265

Black BOTTOM SES

Unnormalized Learning Gains - Black BOTTOM SES
COHORT	Reading Gain	Math Gain	n
2007-2011	67.94	58.39	5714
2009-2013	61.04	48.06	5299
2011-2015	64.59	53.61	4944
2013-2017	65.07	50.45	5309
Overall	64.73	52.72	21266

5th Grade Initial Scores (Natural Points)

White TOP SES

5th Grade Initial Scores - White TOP SES
COHORT	Reading 5th Grade	Math 5th Grade	n
2007-2011	185.15	205.09	4890
2009-2013	194.32	218.78	5558
2011-2015	201.82	224.75	5617
2013-2017	206.66	225.91	6339
Overall	197.69	219.30	22404

White BOTTOM SES

5th Grade Initial Scores - White BOTTOM SES
COHORT	Reading 5th Grade	Math 5th Grade	n
2007-2011	162.03	179.90	6021
2009-2013	169.20	188.66	5664
2011-2015	174.33	191.78	5340
2013-2017	176.38	190.83	5382
Overall	170.22	187.57	22407

Black/Brown TOP SES

5th Grade Initial Scores - Black/Brown TOP SES
COHORT	Reading 5th Grade	Math 5th Grade	n
2007-2011	179.69	198.70	2403
2009-2013	188.31	211.70	2879
2011-2015	193.75	215.68	2983
2013-2017	198.83	218.17	3367
NA	NaN	NaN	550
Overall	190.97	211.91	12182

Black/Brown BOTTOM SES

5th Grade Initial Scores - Black/Brown BOTTOM SES
COHORT	Reading 5th Grade	Math 5th Grade	n
2007-2011	162.92	180.61	3065
2009-2013	169.94	189.57	2955
2011-2015	173.88	191.56	2744
2013-2017	176.92	192.39	2868
NA	NaN	NaN	550
Overall	170.74	188.37	12182

Black TOP SES

5th Grade Initial Scores - Black TOP SES
COHORT	Reading 5th Grade	Math 5th Grade	n
2007-2011	167.88	185.78	4670
2009-2013	176.62	198.65	5452
2011-2015	182.38	202.65	5470
2013-2017	185.87	204.33	5673
Overall	178.65	198.37	21265

Black BOTTOM SES

5th Grade Initial Scores - Black BOTTOM SES
COHORT	Reading 5th Grade	Math 5th Grade	n
2007-2011	155.11	173.24	5714
2009-2013	162.99	182.32	5299
2011-2015	166.44	183.54	4944
2013-2017	168.96	183.60	5309
Overall	163.17	180.48	21266

White (All SES)

5th Grade Initial Scores - White (All SES)
COHORT	Reading 5th Grade	Math 5th Grade	n
2007-2011	172.39	191.19	10911
2009-2013	181.64	203.58	11222
2011-2015	188.42	208.68	10957
2013-2017	192.75	209.80	11721
Overall	183.95	203.44	44811

Black/Brown (All SES)

5th Grade Initial Scores - Black/Brown (All SES)
COHORT	Reading 5th Grade	Math 5th Grade	n
2007-2011	170.29	188.56	5551
2009-2013	179.00	200.49	5925
2011-2015	184.23	204.12	5850
2013-2017	188.75	206.31	6488
Overall	180.85	200.14	23814

Black (All SES)

5th Grade Initial Scores - Black (All SES)
COHORT	Reading 5th Grade	Math 5th Grade	n
2007-2011	160.86	178.88	10384
2009-2013	169.90	190.60	10751
2011-2015	174.81	193.57	10414
2013-2017	177.69	194.31	10982
Overall	170.91	189.42	42531

Normalized Statistics by Group

White TOP SES

Descriptive Statistics - White TOP SES
Variable	2007-2011	2009-2013	2011-2015	2013-2017	Overall
LEITURA_9TH_FINAL	252.327	252.795	260.388	267.447	258.742
LEITURA_5TH_INICIAL	185.150	194.316	201.823	206.656	197.689
kl_raca	0.029	0.024	-0.130	0.007	-0.018
kl_NSE	0.042	-0.028	-0.375	-0.306	-0.179
kl_raca_ses	0.152	0.083	-0.267	-0.193	-0.068
MATEMATICA_9TH_FINAL	263.034	260.193	264.847	269.470	264.605
MATEMATICA_5TH_INICIAL	205.093	218.775	224.745	225.908	219.304
NUM_SCHOOLS	7.654	9.980	10.483	18.022	11.874
proportion_estadual	0.634	0.626	0.689	0.679	0.659
avg_index_violence	-0.333	0.373	-0.157	0.502	0.122
DROP_OUT_RATE	0.168	0.151	0.146	0.131	0.148
ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2	-0.315	-0.301	-0.363	-0.367	-0.338
afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5	-0.373	-0.352	-0.439	-0.470	-0.412
GANHO_LEITURA	0.209	-0.207	-0.212	-0.269	-0.135
GANHO_MATEMATICA	0.403	-0.322	-0.391	-0.397	-0.202
n	4890.000	5558.000	5617.000	6339.000	22404.000

White BOTTOM SES

Descriptive Statistics - White BOTTOM SES
Variable	2007-2011	2009-2013	2011-2015	2013-2017	Overall
LEITURA_9TH_FINAL	229.945	231.390	238.017	243.825	235.568
LEITURA_5TH_INICIAL	162.029	169.197	174.326	176.379	170.218
kl_raca	0.063	0.050	-0.034	0.066	0.037
kl_NSE	0.210	0.142	0.023	0.010	0.100
kl_raca_ses	0.123	0.092	-0.187	-0.144	-0.023
MATEMATICA_9TH_FINAL	237.988	235.864	241.483	241.916	239.227
MATEMATICA_5TH_INICIAL	179.896	188.664	191.779	190.831	187.571
NUM_SCHOOLS	4.031	8.984	9.575	10.041	8.048
proportion_estadual	0.495	0.472	0.377	0.346	0.425
avg_index_violence	-0.486	0.237	-0.444	0.268	-0.112
DROP_OUT_RATE	0.324	0.310	0.284	0.251	0.293
ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2	0.157	0.172	0.583	0.575	0.363
afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5	0.221	0.244	0.681	0.600	0.427
GANHO_LEITURA	0.265	0.031	0.096	0.262	0.165
GANHO_MATEMATICA	0.428	-0.013	0.094	0.147	0.169
n	6021.000	5664.000	5340.000	5382.000	22407.000

Black/Brown TOP SES

Descriptive Statistics - Black/Brown TOP SES
Variable	2007-2011	2009-2013	2011-2015	2013-2017	NA	Overall
LEITURA_9TH_FINAL	242.557	243.031	250.254	259.849	NaN	249.654
LEITURA_5TH_INICIAL	179.692	188.306	193.746	198.835	NaN	190.969
kl_raca	0.159	0.144	-0.110	-0.082	NaN	0.017
kl_NSE	0.346	0.339	-0.274	-0.333	NaN	-0.011
kl_raca_ses	0.440	0.436	-0.172	-0.220	NaN	0.091
MATEMATICA_9TH_FINAL	252.315	250.077	255.104	260.959	NaN	254.979
MATEMATICA_5TH_INICIAL	198.699	211.696	215.680	218.172	NaN	211.907
NUM_SCHOOLS	7.716	12.836	13.690	21.025	NaN	14.368
proportion_estadual	0.565	0.565	0.701	0.683	NaN	0.634
avg_index_violence	0.162	0.186	-0.773	0.489	NaN	0.023
DROP_OUT_RATE	0.162	0.148	0.145	0.134	NaN	0.146
ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2	-0.223	-0.225	-0.394	-0.361	NaN	-0.307
afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5	-0.243	-0.243	-0.456	-0.447	NaN	-0.357
GANHO_LEITURA	0.018	-0.361	-0.289	-0.309	NaN	-0.249
GANHO_MATEMATICA	0.217	-0.438	-0.403	-0.467	NaN	-0.302
n	2403.000	2879.000	2983.000	3367.000	550	12182.000

Black/Brown BOTTOM SES

Descriptive Statistics - Black/Brown BOTTOM SES
Variable	2007-2011	2009-2013	2011-2015	2013-2017	NA	Overall
LEITURA_9TH_FINAL	227.685	228.716	235.457	240.187	NaN	232.863
LEITURA_5TH_INICIAL	162.923	169.942	173.875	176.919	NaN	170.740
kl_raca	0.141	0.140	0.031	-0.007	NaN	0.078
kl_NSE	0.352	0.344	0.180	-0.019	NaN	0.218
kl_raca_ses	0.447	0.438	-0.092	-0.213	NaN	0.155
MATEMATICA_9TH_FINAL	235.879	234.125	239.751	238.912	NaN	237.094
MATEMATICA_5TH_INICIAL	180.609	189.567	191.556	192.390	NaN	188.372
NUM_SCHOOLS	3.433	13.052	14.530	13.940	NaN	11.085
proportion_estadual	0.560	0.558	0.396	0.362	NaN	0.472
avg_index_violence	0.168	0.183	-1.014	0.273	NaN	-0.081
DROP_OUT_RATE	0.328	0.310	0.285	0.251	NaN	0.294
ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2	-0.216	-0.205	0.607	0.584	NaN	0.178
afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5	-0.232	-0.227	0.781	0.740	NaN	0.248
GANHO_LEITURA	0.119	-0.084	0.042	0.101	NaN	0.045
GANHO_MATEMATICA	0.308	-0.080	0.053	-0.006	NaN	0.072
n	3065.000	2955.000	2744.000	2868.000	550	12182.000

Black TOP SES

Descriptive Statistics - Black TOP SES
Variable	2007-2011	2009-2013	2011-2015	2013-2017	Overall
LEITURA_9TH_FINAL	235.234	234.886	242.898	248.951	240.776
LEITURA_5TH_INICIAL	167.883	176.624	182.381	185.870	178.652
kl_raca	-0.018	-0.024	-0.166	-0.067	-0.070
kl_NSE	0.103	0.038	-0.262	-0.246	-0.101
kl_raca_ses	0.201	0.148	-0.172	-0.135	0.002
MATEMATICA_9TH_FINAL	244.874	242.553	248.344	249.907	246.515
MATEMATICA_5TH_INICIAL	185.782	198.647	202.648	204.331	198.367
NUM_SCHOOLS	8.288	11.089	11.356	17.261	12.189
proportion_estadual	0.623	0.611	0.657	0.660	0.639
avg_index_violence	-0.328	0.375	-0.179	0.527	0.119
DROP_OUT_RATE	0.179	0.165	0.162	0.140	0.160
ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2	-0.297	-0.262	-0.282	-0.342	-0.296
afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5	-0.347	-0.299	-0.369	-0.442	-0.366
GANHO_LEITURA	0.184	-0.214	-0.114	-0.091	-0.068
GANHO_MATEMATICA	0.413	-0.204	-0.141	-0.239	-0.062
n	4670.000	5452.000	5470.000	5673.000	21265.000

Black BOTTOM SES

Descriptive Statistics - Black BOTTOM SES
Variable	2007-2011	2009-2013	2011-2015	2013-2017	Overall
LEITURA_9TH_FINAL	223.053	224.032	231.029	234.030	227.892
LEITURA_5TH_INICIAL	155.113	162.990	166.443	168.956	163.166
kl_raca	0.013	0.004	-0.084	0.044	-0.004
kl_NSE	0.194	0.106	-0.016	-0.043	0.064
kl_raca_ses	0.118	0.062	-0.217	-0.178	-0.048
MATEMATICA_9TH_FINAL	231.633	230.373	237.148	234.051	233.205
MATEMATICA_5TH_INICIAL	173.242	182.315	183.535	183.600	180.482
NUM_SCHOOLS	3.785	7.778	8.302	8.267	6.949
proportion_estadual	0.500	0.478	0.386	0.367	0.435
avg_index_violence	-0.491	0.247	-0.431	0.293	-0.097
DROP_OUT_RATE	0.319	0.304	0.279	0.242	0.287
ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2	0.160	0.148	0.560	0.536	0.344
afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5	0.222	0.221	0.672	0.568	0.412
GANHO_LEITURA	0.288	-0.016	0.154	0.157	0.148
GANHO_MATEMATICA	0.452	0.029	0.264	0.129	0.222
n	5714.000	5299.000	4944.000	5309.000	21266.000

Regression and Value-added Results

White students TOP SES

**Reading - White TOP SES**

	Dependent variable:

	base_formula
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 2 + Segregation	Model 3

Cohort 2009-2013	-0.431^***	-0.400^***	-0.400^***	-0.436^***
	(0.049)	(0.048)	(0.048)	(0.049)

Cohort 2011-2015	-0.272^***	-0.214^***	-0.215^***	-0.253^***
	(0.049)	(0.048)	(0.048)	(0.048)

Cohort 2013-2017	-0.403^***	-0.299^***	-0.300^***	-0.314^***
	(0.045)	(0.044)	(0.044)	(0.049)

% black students in municipality	1.991^***	1.198^***	1.199^***	0.893^***
	(0.189)	(0.185)	(0.185)	(0.196)

Average municipal SES	-0.025	0.012	0.012	0.073^**
	(0.028)	(0.027)	(0.027)	(0.028)

Male students	-0.933^***	-0.374^***	-0.375^***	-0.242^**
	(0.078)	(0.077)	(0.077)	(0.078)

% Teachers working single school		-0.007	-0.007	-0.007
		(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)

% Teachers w/o university degree		0.099^***	0.099^***	0.049^***
		(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.010)

Number of schools in municipality		0.0004^**	0.0004^**	0.0004^*
		(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0002)

% Middle schools state-run		-0.164^***	-0.166^***	-0.145^***
		(0.017)	(0.018)	(0.019)

Average school violence index		-0.005	-0.005	-0.011^*
		(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)

Average municipal dropout rate		1.258^***	1.258^***	1.167^***
		(0.042)	(0.042)	(0.045)

School race segregation index			-0.003	-0.004
			(0.005)	(0.005)

School social class segregation index	-1.309^***	-1.216^***	-1.216^***	-1.236^***
	(0.252)	(0.244)	(0.244)	(0.245)

School race-SES segregation index	-1.660^***	-1.502^***	-1.501^***	-1.437^***
	(0.249)	(0.242)	(0.242)	(0.243)

Cohort 2009-2013 * % black students	-1.234^***	-1.019^***	-1.019^***	-0.867^***
	(0.244)	(0.238)	(0.238)	(0.241)

Cohort 2011-2015 * % black students	0.103^**	0.089^*	0.089^*	0.113^**
	(0.037)	(0.036)	(0.036)	(0.037)

Cohort 2013-2017 * % black students	-0.018	-0.041	-0.041	-0.031
	(0.037)	(0.036)	(0.036)	(0.036)

Cohort 2009-2013 * Average SES	0.015	-0.034	-0.035	-0.048
	(0.033)	(0.032)	(0.032)	(0.037)

Cohort 2011-2015 * Average SES	0.521^***	0.204^***	0.205^***	0.438^***
	(0.051)	(0.053)	(0.053)	(0.056)


Observations	22,404	22,404	22,404	21,353
R²	0.072	0.129	0.129	0.166
Adjusted R²	0.072	0.128	0.128	0.164
Residual Std. Error	0.736 (df = 22391)	0.713 (df = 22385)	0.713 (df = 22384)	0.713 (df = 21307)
F Statistic	144.966^*** (df = 12; 22391)	184.420^*** (df = 18; 22385)	174.726^*** (df = 19; 22384)	94.367^*** (df = 45; 21307)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

state	Value-added
AC	-0.297
AL	0.289
AM	-0.145
AP	-0.440
BA	-0.159
CE	-0.233
DF	-0.993
ES	-0.475
GO	-0.137
MA	0.035
MG	-0.565
MS	-0.133
MT	-0.300
PA	-0.448
PB	-0.385
PE	0.208
PI	-0.339
PR	-0.565
RJ	-0.647
RN	-0.001
RO	-0.078
RR	-0.262
RS	-0.519
SC	-0.522
SE	-0.230
SP	-0.569
TO	-0.027

**Math - White TOP SES**

	Dependent variable:

	base_formula
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 2 + Segregation	Model 3

Cohort 2009-2013	-0.722^***	-0.695^***	-0.695^***	-0.736^***
	(0.052)	(0.050)	(0.050)	(0.050)

Cohort 2011-2015	-0.685^***	-0.619^***	-0.618^***	-0.696^***
	(0.052)	(0.050)	(0.050)	(0.050)

Cohort 2013-2017	-0.723^***	-0.599^***	-0.598^***	-0.708^***
	(0.048)	(0.046)	(0.046)	(0.051)

% black students in municipality	1.407^***	0.543^**	0.542^**	0.027
	(0.200)	(0.194)	(0.194)	(0.202)

Average municipal SES	0.080^**	0.113^***	0.113^***	0.150^***
	(0.029)	(0.028)	(0.028)	(0.029)

Male students	-0.919^***	-0.280^***	-0.279^***	0.077
	(0.082)	(0.081)	(0.081)	(0.081)

% Teachers working single school		0.006	0.006	-0.009
		(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.008)

% Teachers w/o university degree		0.152^***	0.152^***	0.059^***
		(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.010)

Number of schools in municipality		0.001^***	0.001^***	0.0004^*
		(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0002)

% Middle schools state-run		-0.234^***	-0.233^***	-0.194^***
		(0.018)	(0.019)	(0.019)

Average school violence index		-0.007	-0.007	-0.005
		(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)

Average municipal dropout rate		1.291^***	1.291^***	0.942^***
		(0.044)	(0.044)	(0.046)

School race segregation index			0.002	-0.008
			(0.005)	(0.005)

School social class segregation index	-0.220	-0.142	-0.141	-0.287
	(0.266)	(0.256)	(0.256)	(0.253)

School race-SES segregation index	-0.486	-0.401	-0.402	-0.418
	(0.263)	(0.254)	(0.254)	(0.250)

Cohort 2009-2013 * % black students	-0.535^*	-0.434	-0.434	-0.288
	(0.258)	(0.250)	(0.250)	(0.249)

Cohort 2011-2015 * % black students	0.004	-0.006	-0.006	0.022
	(0.040)	(0.038)	(0.038)	(0.038)

Cohort 2013-2017 * % black students	-0.074	-0.090^*	-0.090^*	-0.052
	(0.039)	(0.038)	(0.038)	(0.038)

Cohort 2009-2013 * Average SES	-0.043	-0.092^**	-0.092^**	-0.049
	(0.035)	(0.034)	(0.034)	(0.038)

Cohort 2011-2015 * Average SES	0.643^***	0.356^***	0.355^***	0.563^***
	(0.054)	(0.055)	(0.055)	(0.058)


Observations	22,404	22,404	22,404	21,353
R²	0.156	0.220	0.220	0.278
Adjusted R²	0.155	0.219	0.219	0.276
Residual Std. Error	0.779 (df = 22391)	0.749 (df = 22385)	0.749 (df = 22384)	0.736 (df = 21307)
F Statistic	344.238^*** (df = 12; 22391)	350.370^*** (df = 18; 22385)	331.923^*** (df = 19; 22384)	182.332^*** (df = 45; 21307)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

state	Value-added
AC	-0.306
AL	0.261
AM	-0.273
AP	-0.461
BA	-0.069
CE	-0.456
DF	-0.928
ES	-0.315
GO	-0.205
MA	0.119
MG	-0.603
MS	-0.203
MT	-0.286
PA	-0.459
PB	-0.451
PE	-0.012
PI	-0.090
PR	-0.740
RJ	-0.619
RN	-0.212
RO	-0.110
RR	-0.330
RS	-0.513
SC	-0.488
SE	-0.124
SP	-0.864
TO	0.084

White students BOTTOM SES

**Reading - White TBOTTOM SES**

	Dependent variable:

	base_formula
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 2 + Segregation	Model 3

Cohort 2009-2013	-0.376^***	-0.378^***	-0.378^***	-0.410^***
	(0.033)	(0.032)	(0.032)	(0.033)

Cohort 2011-2015	-0.261^***	-0.252^***	-0.247^***	-0.301^***
	(0.034)	(0.033)	(0.033)	(0.034)

Cohort 2013-2017	-0.283^***	-0.240^***	-0.235^***	-0.298^***
	(0.034)	(0.034)	(0.034)	(0.034)

% black students in municipality	-0.389^*	-0.657^***	-0.655^***	-0.662^***
	(0.169)	(0.165)	(0.165)	(0.172)

Average municipal SES	0.237^***	0.345^***	0.346^***	0.442^***
	(0.018)	(0.018)	(0.018)	(0.019)

Male students	-1.164^***	-0.492^***	-0.491^***	-0.482^***
	(0.088)	(0.088)	(0.088)	(0.091)

% Teachers working single school		-0.034^***	-0.034^***	-0.045^***
		(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.007)

% Teachers w/o university degree		-0.026^***	-0.027^***	-0.001
		(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.007)

Number of schools in municipality		0.0004	0.0003	0.001
		(0.0003)	(0.0003)	(0.001)

% Middle schools state-run		-0.419^***	-0.417^***	-0.242^***
		(0.022)	(0.022)	(0.027)

Average school violence index		-0.020^**	-0.020^**	-0.022^***
		(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.006)

Average municipal dropout rate		1.061^***	1.059^***	1.046^***
		(0.039)	(0.039)	(0.044)

School race segregation index			0.013^*	0.010
			(0.006)	(0.006)

School social class segregation index	0.404	0.416	0.421	0.531^*
	(0.245)	(0.238)	(0.238)	(0.238)

School race-SES segregation index	-0.196	-0.189	-0.193	0.010
	(0.236)	(0.230)	(0.230)	(0.230)

Cohort 2009-2013 * % black students	0.949^***	0.931^***	0.928^***	1.174^***
	(0.234)	(0.228)	(0.228)	(0.227)

Cohort 2011-2015 * % black students	-0.174^***	-0.184^***	-0.185^***	-0.185^***
	(0.026)	(0.025)	(0.025)	(0.026)

Cohort 2013-2017 * % black students	-0.213^***	-0.194^***	-0.195^***	-0.218^***
	(0.028)	(0.027)	(0.027)	(0.028)

Cohort 2009-2013 * Average SES	-0.341^***	-0.325^***	-0.325^***	-0.372^***
	(0.028)	(0.028)	(0.028)	(0.029)

Cohort 2011-2015 * Average SES	0.945^***	0.612^***	0.611^***	0.734^***
	(0.046)	(0.050)	(0.050)	(0.063)


Observations	22,407	22,407	22,407	21,655
R²	0.029	0.085	0.085	0.114
Adjusted R²	0.029	0.084	0.084	0.113
Residual Std. Error	0.899 (df = 22394)	0.873 (df = 22388)	0.873 (df = 22387)	0.869 (df = 21610)
F Statistic	56.395^*** (df = 12; 22394)	114.830^*** (df = 18; 22388)	109.015^*** (df = 19; 22387)	63.436^*** (df = 44; 21610)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

state	Value-added
AC	0.073
AL	0.156
AM	-0.121
AP	-0.151
BA	-0.043
CE	0.422
ES	-0.290
GO	0.173
MA	0.112
MG	-0.087
MS	0.083
MT	-0.191
PA	-0.148
PB	-0.025
PE	0.252
PI	0.063
PR	-0.307
RJ	-0.476
RN	0.214
RO	0.065
RR	-0.094
RS	-0.254
SC	-0.313
SE	0.144
SP	-0.373
TO	0.003

**Math - White TBOTTOM SES**

	Dependent variable:

	base_formula
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 2 + Segregation	Model 3

Cohort 2009-2013	-0.661^***	-0.671^***	-0.672^***	-0.714^***
	(0.032)	(0.031)	(0.031)	(0.031)

Cohort 2011-2015	-0.565^***	-0.573^***	-0.559^***	-0.636^***
	(0.033)	(0.032)	(0.032)	(0.032)

Cohort 2013-2017	-0.631^***	-0.613^***	-0.602^***	-0.690^***
	(0.033)	(0.033)	(0.033)	(0.033)

% black students in municipality	-0.707^***	-0.979^***	-0.972^***	-1.153^***
	(0.164)	(0.160)	(0.160)	(0.166)

Average municipal SES	0.253^***	0.362^***	0.365^***	0.484^***
	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.018)

Male students	-0.767^***	-0.142	-0.142	-0.047
	(0.086)	(0.086)	(0.085)	(0.087)

% Teachers working single school		-0.025^***	-0.025^***	-0.026^***
		(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.006)

% Teachers w/o university degree		-0.016^*	-0.017^**	0.013^*
		(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.007)

Number of schools in municipality		0.0001	-0.0002	-0.0002
		(0.0003)	(0.0003)	(0.001)

% Middle schools state-run		-0.481^***	-0.475^***	-0.239^***
		(0.021)	(0.021)	(0.026)

Average school violence index		-0.012	-0.012^*	-0.012^*
		(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.006)

Average municipal dropout rate		0.888^***	0.883^***	0.788^***
		(0.038)	(0.038)	(0.042)

School race segregation index			0.034^***	0.034^***
			(0.006)	(0.006)

School social class segregation index	0.684^**	0.692^**	0.704^**	0.821^***
	(0.238)	(0.231)	(0.231)	(0.229)

School race-SES segregation index	0.480^*	0.475^*	0.464^*	0.698^**
	(0.229)	(0.223)	(0.223)	(0.221)

Cohort 2009-2013 * % black students	1.089^***	1.053^***	1.046^***	1.314^***
	(0.227)	(0.221)	(0.221)	(0.219)

Cohort 2011-2015 * % black students	-0.265^***	-0.277^***	-0.280^***	-0.287^***
	(0.025)	(0.025)	(0.025)	(0.025)

Cohort 2013-2017 * % black students	-0.346^***	-0.318^***	-0.320^***	-0.365^***
	(0.027)	(0.026)	(0.026)	(0.027)

Cohort 2009-2013 * Average SES	-0.453^***	-0.424^***	-0.425^***	-0.493^***
	(0.027)	(0.027)	(0.027)	(0.028)

Cohort 2011-2015 * Average SES	0.979^***	0.755^***	0.752^***	0.835^***
	(0.044)	(0.048)	(0.048)	(0.061)


Observations	22,407	22,407	22,407	21,655
R²	0.053	0.106	0.107	0.148
Adjusted R²	0.052	0.105	0.107	0.146
Residual Std. Error	0.872 (df = 22394)	0.847 (df = 22388)	0.846 (df = 22387)	0.837 (df = 21610)
F Statistic	103.442^*** (df = 12; 22394)	147.784^*** (df = 18; 22388)	141.843^*** (df = 19; 22387)	85.408^*** (df = 44; 21610)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

state	Value-added
AC	0.184
AL	0.250
AM	-0.317
AP	-0.161
BA	0.028
CE	0.437
ES	-0.113
GO	0.179
MA	0.095
MG	-0.116
MS	0.120
MT	-0.170
PA	-0.073
PB	-0.010
PE	0.315
PI	0.279
PR	-0.379
RJ	-0.353
RN	0.289
RO	0.062
RR	0.160
RS	-0.105
SC	-0.210
SE	0.284
SP	-0.590
TO	0.127

Black/Brown students TOP SES

**Reading - Black/Brown TOP SES**

	Dependent variable:

	base_formula
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 2 + Segregation	Model 3

Cohort 2009-2013	-0.239^***	-0.229^***	-0.229^***	-0.244^***
	(0.048)	(0.047)	(0.047)	(0.048)

Cohort 2011-2015	-0.106^*	0.001	0.009	-0.045
	(0.049)	(0.049)	(0.050)	(0.051)

Cohort 2013-2017	-0.175^***	-0.059	-0.051	-0.071
	(0.045)	(0.044)	(0.045)	(0.050)

% black students in municipality	1.769^***	0.971^***	0.972^***	1.026^***
	(0.294)	(0.287)	(0.287)	(0.304)

Average municipal SES	0.164^***	0.190^***	0.191^***	0.195^***
	(0.036)	(0.035)	(0.035)	(0.037)

Male students	-0.709^***	-0.207	-0.204	0.038
	(0.113)	(0.111)	(0.111)	(0.115)

% Teachers working single school		-0.052^***	-0.052^***	-0.061^***
		(0.011)	(0.011)	(0.012)

% Teachers w/o university degree		0.090^***	0.089^***	0.037^*
		(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.017)

Number of schools in municipality		0.001^**	0.001^*	-0.0001
		(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0003)

% Middle schools state-run		-0.245^***	-0.239^***	-0.186^***
		(0.030)	(0.031)	(0.032)

Average school violence index		0.016	0.016	0.012
		(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.010)

Average municipal dropout rate		1.437^***	1.437^***	1.189^***
		(0.061)	(0.061)	(0.066)

School race segregation index			0.008	0.004
			(0.008)	(0.008)

School social class segregation index	-1.248^**	-1.117^**	-1.114^**	-1.486^***
	(0.394)	(0.382)	(0.382)	(0.388)

School race-SES segregation index	-1.453^***	-1.525^***	-1.542^***	-1.818^***
	(0.385)	(0.374)	(0.375)	(0.381)

Cohort 2009-2013 * % black students	-1.316^***	-1.279^***	-1.292^***	-1.508^***
	(0.375)	(0.365)	(0.365)	(0.375)

Cohort 2011-2015 * % black students	-0.106^*	-0.105^*	-0.105^*	-0.075
	(0.048)	(0.047)	(0.047)	(0.048)

Cohort 2013-2017 * % black students	-0.179^***	-0.203^***	-0.207^***	-0.159^**
	(0.049)	(0.047)	(0.047)	(0.049)

Cohort 2009-2013 * Average SES	-0.123^**	-0.186^***	-0.188^***	-0.204^***
	(0.042)	(0.041)	(0.041)	(0.049)

Cohort 2011-2015 * Average SES	0.133^*	-0.150^*	-0.158^*	0.054
	(0.064)	(0.066)	(0.066)	(0.071)


Observations	11,632	11,632	11,632	10,823
R²	0.042	0.103	0.104	0.139
Adjusted R²	0.041	0.102	0.102	0.136
Residual Std. Error	0.749 (df = 11619)	0.725 (df = 11613)	0.725 (df = 11612)	0.729 (df = 10778)
F Statistic	42.677^*** (df = 12; 11619)	74.453^*** (df = 18; 11613)	70.589^*** (df = 19; 11612)	39.552^*** (df = 44; 10778)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

state	Value-added
AC	-0.243
AM	-0.323
AP	-0.590
BA	-0.329
CE	-0.414
DF	-1.097
ES	-0.508
GO	-0.258
MA	-0.456
MG	-0.636
MS	-0.295
MT	-0.539
PA	-0.406
PB	-0.369
PE	-0.105
PI	-0.213
PR	-0.747
RJ	-0.639
RN	0.091
RO	-0.295
RR	-0.682
RS	-0.515
SC	-0.532
SE	-0.210
SP	-0.718
TO	-0.411

**Math - Black/Brown TOP SES**

	Dependent variable:

	base_formula
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 2 + Segregation	Model 3

Cohort 2009-2013	-0.656^***	-0.645^***	-0.645^***	-0.655^***
	(0.049)	(0.047)	(0.047)	(0.047)

Cohort 2011-2015	-0.491^***	-0.365^***	-0.353^***	-0.422^***
	(0.050)	(0.050)	(0.050)	(0.051)

Cohort 2013-2017	-0.600^***	-0.448^***	-0.437^***	-0.476^***
	(0.045)	(0.045)	(0.045)	(0.049)

% black students in municipality	1.401^***	0.582^*	0.584^*	0.449
	(0.297)	(0.289)	(0.289)	(0.302)

Average municipal SES	0.152^***	0.175^***	0.175^***	0.182^***
	(0.037)	(0.035)	(0.035)	(0.037)

Male students	-1.066^***	-0.533^***	-0.530^***	-0.105
	(0.114)	(0.112)	(0.112)	(0.114)

% Teachers working single school		-0.024^*	-0.025^*	-0.044^***
		(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.012)

% Teachers w/o university degree		0.135^***	0.135^***	0.050^**
		(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.017)

Number of schools in municipality		0.001^***	0.001^***	0.00004
		(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0003)

% Middle schools state-run		-0.290^***	-0.282^***	-0.223^***
		(0.030)	(0.031)	(0.032)

Average school violence index		0.013	0.013	0.013
		(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.010)

Average municipal dropout rate		1.407^***	1.407^***	1.003^***
		(0.061)	(0.061)	(0.066)

School race segregation index			0.012	0.0002
			(0.008)	(0.008)

School social class segregation index	-0.090	0.019	0.023	-0.403
	(0.399)	(0.385)	(0.385)	(0.386)

School race-SES segregation index	-0.716	-0.904^*	-0.930^*	-1.305^***
	(0.390)	(0.377)	(0.378)	(0.379)

Cohort 2009-2013 * % black students	-0.873^*	-1.004^**	-1.022^**	-1.388^***
	(0.379)	(0.367)	(0.368)	(0.372)

Cohort 2011-2015 * % black students	-0.020	-0.020	-0.019	0.007
	(0.049)	(0.047)	(0.047)	(0.048)

Cohort 2013-2017 * % black students	-0.153^**	-0.166^***	-0.172^***	-0.113^*
	(0.049)	(0.047)	(0.048)	(0.049)

Cohort 2009-2013 * Average SES	-0.069	-0.140^***	-0.143^***	-0.163^***
	(0.042)	(0.041)	(0.041)	(0.049)

Cohort 2011-2015 * Average SES	0.533^***	0.283^***	0.271^***	0.461^***
	(0.064)	(0.066)	(0.067)	(0.071)


Observations	11,632	11,632	11,632	10,823
R²	0.123	0.186	0.186	0.244
Adjusted R²	0.122	0.185	0.185	0.240
Residual Std. Error	0.757 (df = 11619)	0.730 (df = 11613)	0.730 (df = 11612)	0.724 (df = 10778)
F Statistic	136.143^*** (df = 12; 11619)	147.190^*** (df = 18; 11613)	139.574^*** (df = 19; 11612)	78.872^*** (df = 44; 10778)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

state	Value-added
AC	-0.264
AM	-0.549
AP	-0.635
BA	-0.265
CE	-0.508
DF	-1.085
ES	-0.419
GO	-0.313
MA	-0.282
MG	-0.700
MS	-0.388
MT	-0.496
PA	-0.480
PB	-0.519
PE	-0.141
PI	-0.314
PR	-0.886
RJ	-0.651
RN	0.044
RO	-0.290
RR	-0.408
RS	-0.561
SC	-0.547
SE	-0.001
SP	-0.937
TO	-0.274

Black/Brown students BOTTOM SES

**Reading - Black/Brown BOTTOM SES**

	Dependent variable:

	base_formula
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 2 + Segregation	Model 3

Cohort 2009-2013	-0.423^***	-0.439^***	-0.439^***	-0.481^***
	(0.045)	(0.043)	(0.043)	(0.045)

Cohort 2011-2015	-0.302^***	-0.279^***	-0.277^***	-0.364^***
	(0.046)	(0.046)	(0.047)	(0.049)

Cohort 2013-2017	-0.416^***	-0.348^***	-0.346^***	-0.460^***
	(0.046)	(0.045)	(0.045)	(0.048)

% black students in municipality	-0.372^*	-0.540^**	-0.540^**	-0.747^***
	(0.184)	(0.177)	(0.177)	(0.186)

Average municipal SES	0.178^***	0.254^***	0.254^***	0.363^***
	(0.023)	(0.023)	(0.023)	(0.025)

Male students	-0.691^***	-0.176	-0.176	-0.116
	(0.092)	(0.091)	(0.091)	(0.095)

% Teachers working single school		-0.035^***	-0.035^***	-0.048^***
		(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.009)

% Teachers w/o university degree		-0.004	-0.004	0.031^***
		(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.009)

Number of schools in municipality		0.0004	0.0004	0.001
		(0.0002)	(0.0003)	(0.001)

% Middle schools state-run		-0.484^***	-0.484^***	-0.337^***
		(0.029)	(0.029)	(0.034)

Average school violence index		-0.018	-0.018	-0.020^*
		(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.010)

Average municipal dropout rate		0.939^***	0.939^***	0.916^***
		(0.041)	(0.041)	(0.047)

School race segregation index			0.002	0.006
			(0.008)	(0.009)

School social class segregation index	0.007	0.006	0.007	0.133
	(0.265)	(0.254)	(0.254)	(0.256)

School race-SES segregation index	-0.160	-0.267	-0.267	-0.094
	(0.266)	(0.257)	(0.257)	(0.259)

Cohort 2009-2013 * % black students	0.831^**	0.760^**	0.760^**	0.985^***
	(0.255)	(0.246)	(0.246)	(0.249)

Cohort 2011-2015 * % black students	-0.242^***	-0.262^***	-0.262^***	-0.257^***
	(0.035)	(0.034)	(0.034)	(0.036)

Cohort 2013-2017 * % black students	-0.277^***	-0.201^***	-0.200^***	-0.228^***
	(0.038)	(0.037)	(0.037)	(0.042)

Cohort 2009-2013 * Average SES	-0.364^***	-0.274^***	-0.274^***	-0.352^***
	(0.037)	(0.037)	(0.037)	(0.041)

Cohort 2011-2015 * Average SES	0.620^***	0.447^***	0.446^***	0.566^***
	(0.052)	(0.055)	(0.055)	(0.073)


Observations	11,632	11,632	11,632	10,841
R²	0.029	0.105	0.105	0.145
Adjusted R²	0.028	0.104	0.104	0.141
Residual Std. Error	0.687 (df = 11619)	0.660 (df = 11613)	0.660 (df = 11612)	0.663 (df = 10796)
F Statistic	29.220^*** (df = 12; 11619)	75.789^*** (df = 18; 11613)	71.797^*** (df = 19; 11612)	41.602^*** (df = 44; 10796)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

state	Value-added
AC	0.029
AL	0.111
AM	-0.235
AP	-0.256
BA	-0.062
CE	0.276
ES	-0.165
GO	0.055
MA	-0.035
MG	-0.070
MS	-0.256
MT	-0.197
PA	-0.255
PB	-0.111
PE	0.159
PI	0.047
PR	-0.455
RJ	-0.307
RN	0.183
RO	0.122
RR	-0.318
RS	-0.040
SC	-0.391
SE	0.078
SP	-0.426
TO	0.019

**Math - Black/Brown BOTTOM SES**

	Dependent variable:

	base_formula
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 2 + Segregation	Model 3

Cohort 2009-2013	-0.695^***	-0.710^***	-0.710^***	-0.776^***
	(0.045)	(0.044)	(0.044)	(0.045)

Cohort 2011-2015	-0.609^***	-0.576^***	-0.561^***	-0.688^***
	(0.047)	(0.047)	(0.047)	(0.049)

Cohort 2013-2017	-0.821^***	-0.757^***	-0.742^***	-0.898^***
	(0.046)	(0.045)	(0.045)	(0.048)

% black students in municipality	-0.638^***	-0.792^***	-0.790^***	-1.089^***
	(0.185)	(0.178)	(0.178)	(0.186)

Average municipal SES	0.208^***	0.278^***	0.278^***	0.420^***
	(0.024)	(0.023)	(0.023)	(0.025)

Male students	-0.637^***	-0.118	-0.122	-0.005
	(0.093)	(0.092)	(0.092)	(0.095)

% Teachers working single school		-0.040^***	-0.040^***	-0.046^***
		(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.009)

% Teachers w/o university degree		0.014	0.012	0.054^***
		(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.009)

Number of schools in municipality		0.0002	0.00004	-0.0002
		(0.0002)	(0.0003)	(0.001)

% Middle schools state-run		-0.499^***	-0.495^***	-0.294^***
		(0.030)	(0.030)	(0.034)

Average school violence index		-0.007	-0.006	-0.005
		(0.010)	(0.010)	(0.010)

Average municipal dropout rate		0.877^***	0.874^***	0.785^***
		(0.041)	(0.041)	(0.047)

School race segregation index			0.018^*	0.025^**
			(0.008)	(0.009)

School social class segregation index	0.327	0.328	0.328	0.472
	(0.267)	(0.257)	(0.257)	(0.257)

School race-SES segregation index	0.397	0.247	0.246	0.436
	(0.269)	(0.259)	(0.259)	(0.259)

Cohort 2009-2013 * % black students	0.983^***	0.851^***	0.851^***	1.098^***
	(0.257)	(0.248)	(0.248)	(0.249)

Cohort 2011-2015 * % black students	-0.304^***	-0.325^***	-0.326^***	-0.339^***
	(0.035)	(0.034)	(0.034)	(0.036)

Cohort 2013-2017 * % black students	-0.363^***	-0.277^***	-0.276^***	-0.341^***
	(0.038)	(0.037)	(0.037)	(0.042)

Cohort 2009-2013 * Average SES	-0.479^***	-0.378^***	-0.378^***	-0.471^***
	(0.037)	(0.037)	(0.037)	(0.041)

Cohort 2011-2015 * Average SES	0.839^***	0.689^***	0.681^***	0.783^***
	(0.053)	(0.056)	(0.056)	(0.073)


Observations	11,632	11,632	11,632	10,841
R²	0.065	0.136	0.136	0.190
Adjusted R²	0.064	0.135	0.135	0.187
Residual Std. Error	0.693 (df = 11619)	0.666 (df = 11613)	0.666 (df = 11612)	0.663 (df = 10796)
F Statistic	67.232^*** (df = 12; 11619)	101.441^*** (df = 18; 11613)	96.376^*** (df = 19; 11612)	57.723^*** (df = 44; 10796)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

state	Value-added
AC	0.206
AL	0.251
AM	-0.321
AP	-0.204
BA	0.016
CE	0.363
ES	-0.056
GO	0.086
MA	-0.015
MG	-0.080
MS	-0.059
MT	-0.084
PA	-0.193
PB	-0.046
PE	0.238
PI	0.227
PR	-0.483
RJ	-0.094
RN	0.250
RO	0.138
RR	-0.219
RS	0.094
SC	-0.294
SE	0.244
SP	-0.582
TO	0.148

Black students TOP SES

**Reading - Black TOP SES**

	Dependent variable:

	base_formula
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 2 + Segregation	Model 3

Cohort 2009-2013	-0.180^***	-0.171^**	-0.171^**	-0.185^***
	(0.055)	(0.054)	(0.054)	(0.055)

Cohort 2011-2015	0.032	0.044	0.051	0.018
	(0.055)	(0.054)	(0.055)	(0.056)

Cohort 2013-2017	0.013	0.089	0.095	0.019
	(0.054)	(0.054)	(0.054)	(0.056)

% black students in municipality	1.587^***	0.941^**	0.945^**	0.617
	(0.337)	(0.336)	(0.336)	(0.356)

Average municipal SES	0.134^***	0.173^***	0.173^***	0.221^***
	(0.034)	(0.034)	(0.034)	(0.035)

Male students	-1.506^***	-0.755^***	-0.750^***	-0.457^**
	(0.139)	(0.141)	(0.141)	(0.147)

% Teachers working single school		-0.008	-0.009	-0.031^*
		(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.013)

% Teachers w/o university degree		0.071^***	0.071^***	0.033
		(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.017)

Number of schools in municipality		0.00000	-0.0001	0.0002
		(0.0002)	(0.0003)	(0.0003)

% Middle schools state-run		-0.169^***	-0.160^***	-0.140^***
		(0.030)	(0.031)	(0.034)

Average school violence index		-0.014	-0.014	-0.017
		(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.009)

Average municipal dropout rate		1.359^***	1.362^***	1.158^***
		(0.072)	(0.072)	(0.081)

School race segregation index			0.015	0.019^*
			(0.008)	(0.009)

School social class segregation index	-1.702^***	-1.556^***	-1.552^***	-1.592^***
	(0.456)	(0.450)	(0.450)	(0.457)

School race-SES segregation index	-2.168^***	-1.928^***	-1.936^***	-1.861^***
	(0.439)	(0.435)	(0.435)	(0.441)

Cohort 2009-2013 * % black students	-2.764^***	-2.601^***	-2.607^***	-2.309^***
	(0.441)	(0.437)	(0.437)	(0.446)

Cohort 2011-2015 * % black students	-0.141^**	-0.139^**	-0.138^**	-0.135^**
	(0.045)	(0.045)	(0.045)	(0.046)

Cohort 2013-2017 * % black students	-0.256^***	-0.256^***	-0.257^***	-0.245^***
	(0.046)	(0.045)	(0.045)	(0.047)

Cohort 2009-2013 * Average SES	-0.075	-0.099^*	-0.099^*	-0.027
	(0.043)	(0.043)	(0.043)	(0.046)

Cohort 2011-2015 * Average SES	0.687^***	0.250^**	0.238^**	0.484^***
	(0.076)	(0.081)	(0.081)	(0.090)


Observations	21,265	21,265	21,265	20,380
R²	0.022	0.047	0.047	0.063
Adjusted R²	0.021	0.046	0.046	0.061
Residual Std. Error	1.237 (df = 21252)	1.222 (df = 21246)	1.221 (df = 21245)	1.235 (df = 20334)
F Statistic	39.244^*** (df = 12; 21252)	57.891^*** (df = 18; 21246)	55.009^*** (df = 19; 21245)	30.284^*** (df = 45; 20334)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

state	Value-added
AC	0.098
AL	-0.259
AM	-0.313
AP	-0.435
BA	-0.266
CE	-0.073
DF	-1.018
ES	-0.260
GO	-0.067
MA	-0.126
MG	-0.436
MS	-0.139
MT	-0.366
PA	-0.405
PB	-0.198
PE	-0.146
PI	-0.239
PR	-0.580
RJ	-0.596
RN	-0.006
RO	-0.042
RR	-0.226
RS	-0.495
SC	-0.483
SE	-0.308
SP	-0.606
TO	-0.127

**Math - Black TOP SES**

	Dependent variable:

	base_formula
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 2 + Segregation	Model 3

Cohort 2009-2013	-0.533^***	-0.532^***	-0.532^***	-0.551^***
	(0.052)	(0.051)	(0.051)	(0.052)

Cohort 2011-2015	-0.289^***	-0.272^***	-0.262^***	-0.298^***
	(0.052)	(0.051)	(0.052)	(0.052)

Cohort 2013-2017	-0.470^***	-0.393^***	-0.385^***	-0.477^***
	(0.052)	(0.051)	(0.051)	(0.053)

% black students in municipality	1.076^***	0.409	0.415	0.073
	(0.320)	(0.317)	(0.317)	(0.335)

Average municipal SES	0.126^***	0.168^***	0.168^***	0.212^***
	(0.033)	(0.032)	(0.032)	(0.033)

Male students	-1.347^***	-0.532^***	-0.523^***	-0.153
	(0.132)	(0.133)	(0.133)	(0.138)

% Teachers working single school		0.008	0.006	-0.007
		(0.011)	(0.011)	(0.012)

% Teachers w/o university degree		0.083^***	0.084^***	0.018
		(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.016)

Number of schools in municipality		-0.00001	-0.0001	0.0001
		(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0003)

% Middle schools state-run		-0.218^***	-0.203^***	-0.192^***
		(0.029)	(0.029)	(0.032)

Average school violence index		-0.004	-0.003	-0.006
		(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.008)

Average municipal dropout rate		1.398^***	1.404^***	1.154^***
		(0.068)	(0.068)	(0.076)

School race segregation index			0.022^**	0.020^*
			(0.008)	(0.008)

School social class segregation index	-0.545	-0.410	-0.404	-0.429
	(0.433)	(0.426)	(0.425)	(0.431)

School race-SES segregation index	-1.564^***	-1.388^***	-1.400^***	-1.339^**
	(0.416)	(0.411)	(0.411)	(0.415)

Cohort 2009-2013 * % black students	-1.825^***	-1.723^***	-1.732^***	-1.435^***
	(0.418)	(0.413)	(0.413)	(0.420)

Cohort 2011-2015 * % black students	-0.076	-0.073	-0.072	-0.063
	(0.043)	(0.042)	(0.042)	(0.043)

Cohort 2013-2017 * % black students	-0.231^***	-0.229^***	-0.231^***	-0.216^***
	(0.044)	(0.043)	(0.043)	(0.044)

Cohort 2009-2013 * Average SES	-0.037	-0.061	-0.060	0.016
	(0.041)	(0.040)	(0.040)	(0.044)

Cohort 2011-2015 * Average SES	0.888^***	0.457^***	0.439^***	0.675^***
	(0.072)	(0.077)	(0.077)	(0.085)


Observations	21,265	21,265	21,265	20,380
R²	0.052	0.084	0.084	0.107
Adjusted R²	0.052	0.083	0.084	0.105
Residual Std. Error	1.174 (df = 21252)	1.154 (df = 21246)	1.154 (df = 21245)	1.163 (df = 20334)
F Statistic	97.422^*** (df = 12; 21252)	108.295^*** (df = 18; 21246)	103.056^*** (df = 19; 21245)	54.071^*** (df = 45; 20334)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

state	Value-added
AC	0.085
AL	-0.345
AM	-0.344
AP	-0.367
BA	-0.200
CE	-0.020
DF	-0.945
ES	-0.264
GO	-0.058
MA	-0.023
MG	-0.480
MS	-0.159
MT	-0.242
PA	-0.422
PB	-0.241
PE	0.010
PI	-0.204
PR	-0.549
RJ	-0.593
RN	-0.108
RO	0.038
RR	-0.003
RS	-0.473
SC	-0.400
SE	-0.017
SP	-0.699
TO	-0.131

Black students BOTTOM SES

**Reading - Black BOTTOM SES**

	Dependent variable:

	base_formula
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 2 + Segregation	Model 3

Cohort 2009-2013	-0.428^***	-0.433^***	-0.433^***	-0.451^***
	(0.061)	(0.060)	(0.060)	(0.061)

Cohort 2011-2015	-0.303^***	-0.285^***	-0.288^***	-0.327^***
	(0.063)	(0.062)	(0.062)	(0.063)

Cohort 2013-2017	-0.455^***	-0.392^***	-0.394^***	-0.432^***
	(0.062)	(0.062)	(0.062)	(0.063)

% black students in municipality	-0.281	-0.570^*	-0.575^*	-0.778^**
	(0.232)	(0.229)	(0.229)	(0.241)

Average municipal SES	0.095^***	0.158^***	0.158^***	0.188^***
	(0.025)	(0.025)	(0.025)	(0.025)

Male students	-1.167^***	-0.430^***	-0.431^***	-0.442^***
	(0.121)	(0.123)	(0.123)	(0.128)

% Teachers working single school		-0.007	-0.007	-0.020^*
		(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.009)

% Teachers w/o university degree		-0.036^***	-0.036^***	-0.016
		(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.010)

Number of schools in municipality		-0.0003	-0.0002	0.003
		(0.0005)	(0.0005)	(0.002)

% Middle schools state-run		-0.365^***	-0.367^***	-0.279^***
		(0.029)	(0.029)	(0.036)

Average school violence index		-0.005	-0.005	-0.002
		(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.009)

Average municipal dropout rate		0.965^***	0.968^***	0.994^***
		(0.054)	(0.054)	(0.062)

School race segregation index			-0.007	-0.011
			(0.009)	(0.009)

School social class segregation index	0.245	0.215	0.214	0.281
	(0.330)	(0.326)	(0.326)	(0.327)

School race-SES segregation index	-0.092	-0.109	-0.107	0.010
	(0.326)	(0.323)	(0.323)	(0.324)

Cohort 2009-2013 * % black students	1.074^***	1.035^***	1.038^***	1.133^***
	(0.316)	(0.312)	(0.312)	(0.313)

Cohort 2011-2015 * % black students	-0.090^*	-0.098^**	-0.098^**	-0.095^*
	(0.038)	(0.038)	(0.038)	(0.039)

Cohort 2013-2017 * % black students	-0.176^***	-0.164^***	-0.163^***	-0.186^***
	(0.040)	(0.040)	(0.040)	(0.041)

Cohort 2009-2013 * Average SES	-0.201^***	-0.171^***	-0.171^***	-0.195^***
	(0.040)	(0.040)	(0.040)	(0.042)

Cohort 2011-2015 * Average SES	0.932^***	0.600^***	0.602^***	0.800^***
	(0.069)	(0.075)	(0.075)	(0.093)


Observations	21,266	21,266	21,266	20,686
R²	0.015	0.042	0.042	0.056
Adjusted R²	0.014	0.041	0.041	0.054
Residual Std. Error	1.196 (df = 21253)	1.180 (df = 21247)	1.180 (df = 21246)	1.182 (df = 20641)
F Statistic	26.802^*** (df = 12; 21253)	51.195^*** (df = 18; 21247)	48.540^*** (df = 19; 21246)	28.069^*** (df = 44; 20641)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

state	Value-added
AC	-0.117
AL	-0.044
AM	-0.368
AP	-0.271
BA	-0.093
CE	0.269
ES	0.052
GO	0.155
MA	0.001
MG	-0.014
MS	0.200
MT	-0.347
PA	-0.169
PB	-0.181
PE	0.081
PI	-0.037
PR	-0.279
RJ	-0.092
RN	0.062
RO	0.082
RR	-0.075
RS	-0.374
SC	-0.384
SE	-0.002
SP	-0.263
TO	0.196

**Math - Black BOTTOM SES**

	Dependent variable:

	base_formula
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 2 + Segregation	Model 3

Cohort 2009-2013	-0.618^***	-0.628^***	-0.628^***	-0.649^***
	(0.058)	(0.057)	(0.057)	(0.058)

Cohort 2011-2015	-0.397^***	-0.387^***	-0.378^***	-0.433^***
	(0.060)	(0.059)	(0.059)	(0.059)

Cohort 2013-2017	-0.766^***	-0.709^***	-0.702^***	-0.769^***
	(0.059)	(0.058)	(0.058)	(0.060)

% black students in municipality	-0.766^***	-1.094^***	-1.079^***	-1.443^***
	(0.220)	(0.217)	(0.217)	(0.227)

Average municipal SES	0.154^***	0.227^***	0.227^***	0.288^***
	(0.023)	(0.023)	(0.023)	(0.024)

Male students	-1.010^***	-0.202	-0.198	-0.036
	(0.115)	(0.117)	(0.117)	(0.120)

% Teachers working single school		0.008	0.007	-0.001
		(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.009)

% Teachers w/o university degree		-0.028^***	-0.029^***	0.003
		(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.009)

Number of schools in municipality		-0.001	-0.001^*	0.001
		(0.0004)	(0.0004)	(0.001)

% Middle schools state-run		-0.410^***	-0.404^***	-0.239^***
		(0.027)	(0.028)	(0.034)

Average school violence index		-0.002	-0.002	0.002
		(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.008)

Average municipal dropout rate		1.001^***	0.994^***	0.902^***
		(0.052)	(0.052)	(0.058)

School race segregation index			0.022^**	0.021^*
			(0.008)	(0.008)

School social class segregation index	0.578	0.538	0.540	0.629^*
	(0.314)	(0.309)	(0.309)	(0.308)

School race-SES segregation index	0.002	-0.021	-0.029	0.122
	(0.310)	(0.305)	(0.305)	(0.305)

Cohort 2009-2013 * % black students	1.104^***	1.048^***	1.041^***	1.149^***
	(0.300)	(0.295)	(0.295)	(0.295)

Cohort 2011-2015 * % black students	-0.118^**	-0.131^***	-0.132^***	-0.124^***
	(0.036)	(0.036)	(0.036)	(0.036)

Cohort 2013-2017 * % black students	-0.200^***	-0.183^***	-0.184^***	-0.203^***
	(0.038)	(0.038)	(0.038)	(0.039)

Cohort 2009-2013 * Average SES	-0.311^***	-0.275^***	-0.277^***	-0.311^***
	(0.038)	(0.038)	(0.038)	(0.039)

Cohort 2011-2015 * Average SES	1.146^***	0.812^***	0.805^***	0.878^***
	(0.066)	(0.071)	(0.071)	(0.087)


Observations	21,266	21,266	21,266	20,686
R²	0.027	0.063	0.063	0.089
Adjusted R²	0.027	0.062	0.062	0.087
Residual Std. Error	1.138 (df = 21253)	1.117 (df = 21247)	1.117 (df = 21246)	1.112 (df = 20641)
F Statistic	49.760^*** (df = 12; 21253)	78.697^*** (df = 18; 21247)	74.974^*** (df = 19; 21246)	45.642^*** (df = 44; 20641)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

state	Value-added
AC	0.288
AL	0.303
AM	-0.366
AP	-0.052
BA	0.117
CE	0.492
ES	0.157
GO	0.232
MA	0.078
MG	0.102
MS	0.148
MT	-0.169
PA	-0.047
PB	0.133
PE	0.294
PI	0.313
PR	-0.182
RJ	0.219
RN	0.295
RO	0.278
RR	-0.070
RS	-0.174
SC	-0.189
SE	0.325
SP	-0.459
TO	0.465

Municipality and State Analysis

White students TOP SES

## Warning: `aes_string()` was deprecated in ggplot2 3.0.0.
## ℹ Please use tidy evaluation idioms with `aes()`.
## ℹ See also `vignette("ggplot2-in-packages")` for more information.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

# A tibble: 21,353 × 25 COD_MUNICIPIO COHORT Uf Id Nome LEITURA_5TH_INICIAL LEITURA_9TH_FINAL 1 5100250 2007-2… MT 5185 Alta… 189. 248. 2 5100201 2007-2… MT 5184 Água… 173. 262. 3 5101001 2007-2… MT 5192 Arag… 152. 230. 4 5101803 2007-2… MT 5199 Barr… 176. 245. 5 5102702 2007-2… MT 5208 Cana… 172. 244. 6 5103106 2007-2… MT 5213 Coca… 197. 245. 7 5103908 2007-2… MT 5228 Gene… 195. 212. 8 5106174 2007-2… MT 5255 Nova… 147. 246. 9 5106257 2007-2… MT 5263 Nova… 177. 250. 10 5106653 2007-2… MT 5274 Pont… 160. 228. # ℹ 21,343 more rows # ℹ 18 more variables: MATEMATICA_5TH_INICIAL , # MATEMATICA_9TH_FINAL , GANHO_LEITURA , GANHO_MATEMATICA , # NSE_AVG , RACA_PRETO , SEXO_M , DROP_OUT_RATE , # NUM_SCHOOLS , proportion_estadual , avg_index_violence , # ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2 , afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5 , # kl_raca , kl_NSE , kl_raca_ses , leitura_gain , …

White students BOTTOM SES

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

# A tibble: 21,655 × 25 COD_MUNICIPIO COHORT Uf Id Nome LEITURA_5TH_INICIAL LEITURA_9TH_FINAL 1 2300200 2007-2… CE 894 Acar… 154. 235. 2 2302305 2007-2… CE 920 Bela… 154. 236. 3 2304251 2007-2… CE 944 Cruz 188. 242. 4 2306553 2007-2… CE 981 Itar… 156. 230. 5 2307254 2007-2… CE 989 Jijo… 171. 259. 6 2307809 2007-2… CE 997 Marco 145. 214. 7 2308906 2007-2… CE 1010 Morr… 149. 227. 8 2300150 2007-2… CE 893 Acar… 154. 223. 9 2301208 2007-2… CE 905 Arac… 141. 223. 10 2301406 2007-2… CE 908 Arat… 150. 233. # ℹ 21,645 more rows # ℹ 18 more variables: MATEMATICA_5TH_INICIAL , # MATEMATICA_9TH_FINAL , GANHO_LEITURA , GANHO_MATEMATICA , # NSE_AVG , RACA_PRETO , SEXO_M , DROP_OUT_RATE , # NUM_SCHOOLS , proportion_estadual , avg_index_violence , # ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2 , afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5 , # kl_raca , kl_NSE , kl_raca_ses , leitura_gain , …

Black/Brown students TOP SES

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

# A tibble: 10,823 × 25 COD_MUNICIPIO COHORT Uf Id Nome LEITURA_5TH_INICIAL LEITURA_9TH_FINAL 1 1100015 2011-2… RO 1 Alta… 167. 244. 2 1100015 2013-2… RO 1 Alta… 211. 253. 3 1100023 2007-2… RO 2 Ariq… 170. 236. 4 1100023 2009-2… RO 2 Ariq… 180. 246. 5 1100023 2011-2… RO 2 Ariq… 185. 261. 6 1100023 2013-2… RO 2 Ariq… 194. 264. 7 1100031 2007-2… RO 3 Cabi… 169. 239. 8 1100031 2009-2… RO 3 Cabi… 176. 241. 9 1100031 2011-2… RO 3 Cabi… 188. 250. 10 1100031 2013-2… RO 3 Cabi… 208. 265. # ℹ 10,813 more rows # ℹ 18 more variables: MATEMATICA_5TH_INICIAL , # MATEMATICA_9TH_FINAL , GANHO_LEITURA , GANHO_MATEMATICA , # NSE_AVG , RACA_PRETO , SEXO_M , DROP_OUT_RATE , # NUM_SCHOOLS , proportion_estadual , avg_index_violence , # ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2 , afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5 , # kl_raca , kl_NSE , kl_raca_ses , leitura_gain , …

Black/Brown students BOTTOM SES

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

# A tibble: 10,841 × 25 COD_MUNICIPIO COHORT Uf Id Nome LEITURA_5TH_INICIAL LEITURA_9TH_FINAL 1 1100015 2007-2… RO 1 Alta… 168. 219. 2 1100015 2009-2… RO 1 Alta… 179. 234. 3 1100072 2007-2… RO 7 Coru… 176. 250. 4 1100072 2011-2… RO 7 Coru… 171. 254. 5 1100072 2013-2… RO 7 Coru… 186. 249. 6 1100080 2007-2… RO 8 Cost… 152. 232. 7 1100080 2009-2… RO 8 Cost… 167. 219. 8 1100098 2007-2… RO 9 Espi… 179. 244. 9 1100130 2007-2… RO 13 Mach… 171. 234. 10 1100130 2009-2… RO 13 Mach… 176. 238. # ℹ 10,831 more rows # ℹ 18 more variables: MATEMATICA_5TH_INICIAL , # MATEMATICA_9TH_FINAL , GANHO_LEITURA , GANHO_MATEMATICA , # NSE_AVG , RACA_PRETO , SEXO_M , DROP_OUT_RATE , # NUM_SCHOOLS , proportion_estadual , avg_index_violence , # ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2 , afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5 , # kl_raca , kl_NSE , kl_raca_ses , leitura_gain , …

Black students TOP SES

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

# A tibble: 20,380 × 25 COD_MUNICIPIO COHORT Uf Id Nome LEITURA_5TH_INICIAL LEITURA_9TH_FINAL 1 2301802 2007-2… CE 912 Baix… 153. 194. 2 2303808 2007-2… CE 936 Cedro 145. 232. 3 2305704 2007-2… CE 971 Ipau… 146. 246. 4 2304269 2007-2… CE 945 Depu… 157. 274. 5 5100250 2007-2… MT 5185 Alta… 171. 235. 6 5100805 2007-2… MT 5191 Apia… 156. 232. 7 5102793 2007-2… MT 5209 Carl… 168. 243. 8 5106158 2007-2… MT 5254 Nova… 151. 222. 9 5106216 2007-2… MT 5259 Nova… 160. 243. 10 5100201 2007-2… MT 5184 Água… 168. 245. # ℹ 20,370 more rows # ℹ 18 more variables: MATEMATICA_5TH_INICIAL , # MATEMATICA_9TH_FINAL , GANHO_LEITURA , GANHO_MATEMATICA , # NSE_AVG , RACA_PRETO , SEXO_M , DROP_OUT_RATE , # NUM_SCHOOLS , proportion_estadual , avg_index_violence , # ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2 , afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5 , # kl_raca , kl_NSE , kl_raca_ses , leitura_gain , …

Black students BOTTOM SES

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

# A tibble: 20,686 × 25 COD_MUNICIPIO COHORT Uf Id Nome LEITURA_5TH_INICIAL LEITURA_9TH_FINAL 1 2300200 2007-2… CE 894 Acar… 150. 221. 2 2302305 2007-2… CE 920 Bela… 144. 209. 3 2304251 2007-2… CE 944 Cruz 124. 212. 4 2306553 2007-2… CE 981 Itar… 154. 211. 5 2307254 2007-2… CE 989 Jijo… 154. 264. 6 2307809 2007-2… CE 997 Marco 147. 207. 7 2308906 2007-2… CE 1010 Morr… 134. 216. 8 2300150 2007-2… CE 893 Acar… 155. 191. 9 2301208 2007-2… CE 905 Arac… 130. 215. 10 2301406 2007-2… CE 908 Arat… 165. 228. # ℹ 20,676 more rows # ℹ 18 more variables: MATEMATICA_5TH_INICIAL , # MATEMATICA_9TH_FINAL , GANHO_LEITURA , GANHO_MATEMATICA , # NSE_AVG , RACA_PRETO , SEXO_M , DROP_OUT_RATE , # NUM_SCHOOLS , proportion_estadual , avg_index_violence , # ied_ef_anos_finais_1_2 , afd_ef_anos_finais_grupo_5 , # kl_raca , kl_NSE , kl_raca_ses , leitura_gain , …