# Load ggplot2 package for advanced plotting
library(ggplot2)Program 7
USN:
1NT24IS227
RPubs Link:
https://rpubs.com/Stephen__/1416390
Program
Develop a function in R to plot a function curve based on a mathematical equation provided as input, with difference curve styles for each group, using ggplot2
Objective
To create a simple R script that:
Step 1: Load Required Library
We use the ggplot2 package because it allows elegant and flexible plotting. It supports layering and grouping very well.
Step 2: Create Data for the functions
# Create a sequence of x values ranging from -2 to 2
x <- seq(-2*pi, 2*pi, length.out = 500)
# Evaluate sin(x) and cos(x) over the x range
y1 <- sin(x)
y2 <- cos(x)
# Combine data into one data frame
df <- data.frame(
x = rep(x, 2), # Repeat x values for both functions
y = c(y1, y2), # Combine y values: first sin(x), then cos(x)
group = rep(c("sin(x)", "cos(x)"), each = length(x))
# Label each row by function
)
df x y group
1 -6.28318531 2.449213e-16 sin(x)
2 -6.25800220 2.518045e-02 sin(x)
3 -6.23281909 5.034492e-02 sin(x)
4 -6.20763598 7.547747e-02 sin(x)
5 -6.18245288 1.005622e-01 sin(x)
6 -6.15726977 1.255831e-01 sin(x)
7 -6.13208666 1.505244e-01 sin(x)
8 -6.10690356 1.753702e-01 sin(x)
9 -6.08172045 2.001048e-01 sin(x)
10 -6.05653734 2.247125e-01 sin(x)
11 -6.03135423 2.491777e-01 sin(x)
12 -6.00617113 2.734849e-01 sin(x)
13 -5.98098802 2.976186e-01 sin(x)
14 -5.95580491 3.215637e-01 sin(x)
15 -5.93062180 3.453048e-01 sin(x)
16 -5.90543870 3.688269e-01 sin(x)
17 -5.88025559 3.921151e-01 sin(x)
18 -5.85507248 4.151547e-01 sin(x)
19 -5.82988937 4.379310e-01 sin(x)
20 -5.80470627 4.604296e-01 sin(x)
21 -5.77952316 4.826362e-01 sin(x)
22 -5.75434005 5.045367e-01 sin(x)
23 -5.72915694 5.261173e-01 sin(x)
24 -5.70397384 5.473642e-01 sin(x)
25 -5.67879073 5.682640e-01 sin(x)
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27 -5.62842451 6.089695e-01 sin(x)
28 -5.60324141 6.287494e-01 sin(x)
29 -5.57805830 6.481306e-01 sin(x)
30 -5.55287519 6.671007e-01 sin(x)
31 -5.52769208 6.856478e-01 sin(x)
32 -5.50250898 7.037601e-01 sin(x)
33 -5.47732587 7.214261e-01 sin(x)
34 -5.45214276 7.386346e-01 sin(x)
35 -5.42695965 7.553746e-01 sin(x)
36 -5.40177655 7.716357e-01 sin(x)
37 -5.37659344 7.874074e-01 sin(x)
38 -5.35141033 8.026798e-01 sin(x)
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755 0.11332398 9.935857e-01 cos(x)
756 0.13850709 9.904232e-01 cos(x)
757 0.16369020 9.866326e-01 cos(x)
758 0.18887331 9.822164e-01 cos(x)
759 0.21405641 9.771773e-01 cos(x)
760 0.23923952 9.715185e-01 cos(x)
761 0.26442263 9.652436e-01 cos(x)
762 0.28960574 9.583565e-01 cos(x)
763 0.31478884 9.508618e-01 cos(x)
764 0.33997195 9.427640e-01 cos(x)
765 0.36515506 9.340684e-01 cos(x)
766 0.39033817 9.247804e-01 cos(x)
767 0.41552127 9.149060e-01 cos(x)
768 0.44070438 9.044514e-01 cos(x)
769 0.46588749 8.934232e-01 cos(x)
770 0.49107060 8.818285e-01 cos(x)
771 0.51625370 8.696745e-01 cos(x)
772 0.54143681 8.569691e-01 cos(x)
773 0.56661992 8.437202e-01 cos(x)
774 0.59180302 8.299362e-01 cos(x)
775 0.61698613 8.156259e-01 cos(x)
776 0.64216924 8.007984e-01 cos(x)
777 0.66735235 7.854631e-01 cos(x)
778 0.69253545 7.696296e-01 cos(x)
779 0.71771856 7.533081e-01 cos(x)
780 0.74290167 7.365089e-01 cos(x)
781 0.76808478 7.192426e-01 cos(x)
782 0.79326788 7.015202e-01 cos(x)
783 0.81845099 6.833529e-01 cos(x)
784 0.84363410 6.647523e-01 cos(x)
785 0.86881721 6.457301e-01 cos(x)
786 0.89400031 6.262985e-01 cos(x)
787 0.91918342 6.064696e-01 cos(x)
788 0.94436653 5.862562e-01 cos(x)
789 0.96954964 5.656710e-01 cos(x)
790 0.99473274 5.447270e-01 cos(x)
791 1.01991585 5.234377e-01 cos(x)
792 1.04509896 5.018163e-01 cos(x)
793 1.07028207 4.798768e-01 cos(x)
794 1.09546517 4.576329e-01 cos(x)
795 1.12064828 4.350988e-01 cos(x)
796 1.14583139 4.122888e-01 cos(x)
797 1.17101450 3.892174e-01 cos(x)
798 1.19619760 3.658991e-01 cos(x)
799 1.22138071 3.423488e-01 cos(x)
800 1.24656382 3.185814e-01 cos(x)
801 1.27174693 2.946119e-01 cos(x)
802 1.29693003 2.704557e-01 cos(x)
803 1.32211314 2.461279e-01 cos(x)
804 1.34729625 2.216440e-01 cos(x)
805 1.37247936 1.970196e-01 cos(x)
806 1.39766246 1.722702e-01 cos(x)
807 1.42284557 1.474116e-01 cos(x)
808 1.44802868 1.224595e-01 cos(x)
809 1.47321179 9.742974e-02 cos(x)
810 1.49839489 7.233820e-02 cos(x)
811 1.52357800 4.720078e-02 cos(x)
812 1.54876111 2.203344e-02 cos(x)
813 1.57394422 -3.147883e-03 cos(x)
814 1.59912732 -2.832721e-02 cos(x)
815 1.62431043 -5.348857e-02 cos(x)
816 1.64949354 -7.861600e-02 cos(x)
817 1.67467664 -1.036936e-01 cos(x)
818 1.69985975 -1.287054e-01 cos(x)
819 1.72504286 -1.536356e-01 cos(x)
820 1.75022597 -1.784684e-01 cos(x)
821 1.77540907 -2.031880e-01 cos(x)
822 1.80059218 -2.277788e-01 cos(x)
823 1.82577529 -2.522251e-01 cos(x)
824 1.85095840 -2.765114e-01 cos(x)
825 1.87614150 -3.006224e-01 cos(x)
826 1.90132461 -3.245428e-01 cos(x)
827 1.92650772 -3.482573e-01 cos(x)
828 1.95169083 -3.717510e-01 cos(x)
829 1.97687393 -3.950090e-01 cos(x)
830 2.00205704 -4.180164e-01 cos(x)
831 2.02724015 -4.407588e-01 cos(x)
832 2.05242326 -4.632216e-01 cos(x)
833 2.07760636 -4.853907e-01 cos(x)
834 2.10278947 -5.072520e-01 cos(x)
835 2.12797258 -5.287916e-01 cos(x)
836 2.15315569 -5.499959e-01 cos(x)
837 2.17833879 -5.708514e-01 cos(x)
838 2.20352190 -5.913449e-01 cos(x)
839 2.22870501 -6.114634e-01 cos(x)
840 2.25388812 -6.311941e-01 cos(x)
841 2.27907122 -6.505245e-01 cos(x)
842 2.30425433 -6.694425e-01 cos(x)
843 2.32943744 -6.879358e-01 cos(x)
844 2.35462055 -7.059930e-01 cos(x)
845 2.37980365 -7.236024e-01 cos(x)
846 2.40498676 -7.407529e-01 cos(x)
847 2.43016987 -7.574337e-01 cos(x)
848 2.45535298 -7.736341e-01 cos(x)
849 2.48053608 -7.893440e-01 cos(x)
850 2.50571919 -8.045533e-01 cos(x)
851 2.53090230 -8.192523e-01 cos(x)
852 2.55608541 -8.334319e-01 cos(x)
853 2.58126851 -8.470829e-01 cos(x)
854 2.60645162 -8.601967e-01 cos(x)
855 2.63163473 -8.727650e-01 cos(x)
856 2.65681784 -8.847799e-01 cos(x)
857 2.68200094 -8.962337e-01 cos(x)
858 2.70718405 -9.071191e-01 cos(x)
859 2.73236716 -9.174293e-01 cos(x)
860 2.75755027 -9.271576e-01 cos(x)
861 2.78273337 -9.362981e-01 cos(x)
862 2.80791648 -9.448447e-01 cos(x)
863 2.83309959 -9.527922e-01 cos(x)
864 2.85828269 -9.601354e-01 cos(x)
865 2.88346580 -9.668698e-01 cos(x)
866 2.90864891 -9.729911e-01 cos(x)
867 2.93383202 -9.784953e-01 cos(x)
868 2.95901512 -9.833790e-01 cos(x)
869 2.98419823 -9.876390e-01 cos(x)
870 3.00938134 -9.912728e-01 cos(x)
871 3.03456445 -9.942779e-01 cos(x)
872 3.05974755 -9.966526e-01 cos(x)
873 3.08493066 -9.983951e-01 cos(x)
874 3.11011377 -9.995046e-01 cos(x)
875 3.13529688 -9.999802e-01 cos(x)
876 3.16047998 -9.998216e-01 cos(x)
877 3.18566309 -9.990291e-01 cos(x)
878 3.21084620 -9.976029e-01 cos(x)
879 3.23602931 -9.955442e-01 cos(x)
880 3.26121241 -9.928541e-01 cos(x)
881 3.28639552 -9.895344e-01 cos(x)
882 3.31157863 -9.855871e-01 cos(x)
883 3.33676174 -9.810149e-01 cos(x)
884 3.36194484 -9.758205e-01 cos(x)
885 3.38712795 -9.700073e-01 cos(x)
886 3.41231106 -9.635790e-01 cos(x)
887 3.43749417 -9.565396e-01 cos(x)
888 3.46267727 -9.488937e-01 cos(x)
889 3.48786038 -9.406460e-01 cos(x)
890 3.51304349 -9.318017e-01 cos(x)
891 3.53822660 -9.223666e-01 cos(x)
892 3.56340970 -9.123465e-01 cos(x)
893 3.58859281 -9.017479e-01 cos(x)
894 3.61377592 -8.905774e-01 cos(x)
895 3.63895903 -8.788421e-01 cos(x)
896 3.66414213 -8.665496e-01 cos(x)
897 3.68932524 -8.537075e-01 cos(x)
898 3.71450835 -8.403240e-01 cos(x)
899 3.73969146 -8.264076e-01 cos(x)
900 3.76487456 -8.119672e-01 cos(x)
901 3.79005767 -7.970118e-01 cos(x)
902 3.81524078 -7.815510e-01 cos(x)
903 3.84042389 -7.655946e-01 cos(x)
904 3.86560699 -7.491527e-01 cos(x)
905 3.89079010 -7.322357e-01 cos(x)
906 3.91597321 -7.148543e-01 cos(x)
907 3.94115631 -6.970197e-01 cos(x)
908 3.96633942 -6.787430e-01 cos(x)
909 3.99152253 -6.600358e-01 cos(x)
910 4.01670564 -6.409101e-01 cos(x)
911 4.04188874 -6.213780e-01 cos(x)
912 4.06707185 -6.014518e-01 cos(x)
913 4.09225496 -5.811442e-01 cos(x)
914 4.11743807 -5.604681e-01 cos(x)
915 4.14262117 -5.394365e-01 cos(x)
916 4.16780428 -5.180629e-01 cos(x)
917 4.19298739 -4.963607e-01 cos(x)
918 4.21817050 -4.743438e-01 cos(x)
919 4.24335360 -4.520260e-01 cos(x)
920 4.26853671 -4.294216e-01 cos(x)
921 4.29371982 -4.065449e-01 cos(x)
922 4.31890293 -3.834104e-01 cos(x)
923 4.34408603 -3.600327e-01 cos(x)
924 4.36926914 -3.364267e-01 cos(x)
925 4.39445225 -3.126074e-01 cos(x)
926 4.41963536 -2.885898e-01 cos(x)
927 4.44481846 -2.643892e-01 cos(x)
928 4.47000157 -2.400209e-01 cos(x)
929 4.49518468 -2.155005e-01 cos(x)
930 4.52036779 -1.908433e-01 cos(x)
931 4.54555089 -1.660652e-01 cos(x)
932 4.57073400 -1.411817e-01 cos(x)
933 4.59591711 -1.162087e-01 cos(x)
934 4.62110022 -9.116202e-02 cos(x)
935 4.64628332 -6.605752e-02 cos(x)
936 4.67146643 -4.091113e-02 cos(x)
937 4.69664954 -1.573879e-02 cos(x)
938 4.72183265 9.443525e-03 cos(x)
939 4.74701575 3.461985e-02 cos(x)
940 4.77219886 5.977423e-02 cos(x)
941 4.79738197 8.489070e-02 cos(x)
942 4.82256508 1.099533e-01 cos(x)
943 4.84774818 1.349462e-01 cos(x)
944 4.87293129 1.598536e-01 cos(x)
945 4.89811440 1.846595e-01 cos(x)
946 4.92329751 2.093484e-01 cos(x)
947 4.94848061 2.339045e-01 cos(x)
948 4.97366372 2.583122e-01 cos(x)
949 4.99884683 2.825562e-01 cos(x)
950 5.02402993 3.066210e-01 cos(x)
951 5.04921304 3.304913e-01 cos(x)
952 5.07439615 3.541520e-01 cos(x)
953 5.09957926 3.775882e-01 cos(x)
954 5.12476236 4.007849e-01 cos(x)
955 5.14994547 4.237274e-01 cos(x)
956 5.17512858 4.464013e-01 cos(x)
957 5.20031169 4.687920e-01 cos(x)
958 5.22549479 4.908855e-01 cos(x)
959 5.25067790 5.126676e-01 cos(x)
960 5.27586101 5.341247e-01 cos(x)
961 5.30104412 5.552430e-01 cos(x)
962 5.32622722 5.760092e-01 cos(x)
963 5.35141033 5.964102e-01 cos(x)
964 5.37659344 6.164329e-01 cos(x)
965 5.40177655 6.360647e-01 cos(x)
966 5.42695965 6.552932e-01 cos(x)
967 5.45214276 6.741061e-01 cos(x)
968 5.47732587 6.924915e-01 cos(x)
969 5.50250898 7.104377e-01 cos(x)
970 5.52769208 7.279335e-01 cos(x)
971 5.55287519 7.449676e-01 cos(x)
972 5.57805830 7.615292e-01 cos(x)
973 5.60324141 7.776080e-01 cos(x)
974 5.62842451 7.931936e-01 cos(x)
975 5.65360762 8.082762e-01 cos(x)
976 5.67879073 8.228463e-01 cos(x)
977 5.70397384 8.368945e-01 cos(x)
978 5.72915694 8.504120e-01 cos(x)
979 5.75434005 8.633903e-01 cos(x)
980 5.77952316 8.758210e-01 cos(x)
981 5.80470627 8.876962e-01 cos(x)
982 5.82988937 8.990086e-01 cos(x)
983 5.85507248 9.097508e-01 cos(x)
984 5.88025559 9.199162e-01 cos(x)
985 5.90543870 9.294981e-01 cos(x)
986 5.93062180 9.384906e-01 cos(x)
987 5.95580491 9.468880e-01 cos(x)
988 5.98098802 9.546848e-01 cos(x)
989 6.00617113 9.618763e-01 cos(x)
990 6.03135423 9.684578e-01 cos(x)
991 6.05653734 9.744251e-01 cos(x)
992 6.08172045 9.797745e-01 cos(x)
993 6.10690356 9.845026e-01 cos(x)
994 6.13208666 9.886063e-01 cos(x)
995 6.15726977 9.920831e-01 cos(x)
996 6.18245288 9.949308e-01 cos(x)
997 6.20763598 9.971475e-01 cos(x)
998 6.23281909 9.987319e-01 cos(x)
999 6.25800220 9.996829e-01 cos(x)
1000 6.28318531 1.000000e+00 cos(x)Step 3:
Step 3.1: Initialize the ggplot Object
# Start building the ggplot using the data frame and aesthetics
p <- ggplot(df, aes(x = x, y = y, color = group, linetype = group))
p
Step 3.2: Add the Line Geometry
# Add smooth lines to represent each function cruve
p <- p + geom_line(size = 1.2)Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.p
Step 3.3
# Add title, ax is labels, and legends
p <- p + labs(title = "Funtion Curves: sin(x) and cos(x)",
x = "x",
y = "y = f(x)",
color = "Function",
linetype = "Function")
p
Step 3.4: Apply a Clean Theme
# Use a clean and simple background theme
p <- p + theme_minimal()
p
# Display the complete plot
p=p+theme(legend.position = 'top')
p