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This R markdown script will help you analyze and visualize the social networks (Trust, Advice, and Communication) for your MBA class.
In the class networks (communication, trust, and advice) what are your centrality measures and how do they compare to those of your classmates (i.e., where are you in the distribution?). Please refer both from both tables and network graph.
#Install the following packages prior to running the code
package.names <- c(
"tidyverse",
"igraph",
"qgraph",
"knitr",
"DT",
"visNetwork",
"ggplot2",
"gridExtra",
"RColorBrewer",
"here",
"rstudioapi"
)
check.packages <- function(package.names) {
for (package in package.names) {
if (!require(package, character.only = TRUE)) {
install.packages(package)
}
library(package, character.only = TRUE)
}
}
# Load packages
check.packages(package.names)Network Size refers to the number of nodes in the
network.
# Create a data frame for the network size information
network_sizes <- data.frame(
Network = c("Trust", "Communication", "Advice"),
Size = c(vcount(trust_graph), vcount(comm_graph), vcount(advice_graph))
)
kable(network_sizes, caption = "Network Sizes")| Network | Size |
|---|---|
| Trust | 143 |
| Communication | 143 |
| Advice | 143 |
Density refers to proportion of possible ties that
actually realized in the network. It is calculated by dividing the
number of observed connections in the network by the total number of
possible connections. A high edge density indicates that many
connections exist among nodes in the network, while a low edge density
indicates that there are relatively few connections. In networks with
high edge density, information and resources are more likely to flow
freely among nodes, On the other hand, networks with low edge density
may be more fragmented or concentrated.
# Create a data frame for the network density information
network_density <- data.frame(
Network = c("Trust", "Communication", "Advice"),
Density = c(
edge_density(trust_graph, loops = FALSE),
edge_density(comm_graph, loops = FALSE),
edge_density(advice_graph, loops = FALSE)
)
)
kable(network_density, caption = "Network Densities", digits = 4)| Network | Density |
|---|---|
| Trust | 0.1301 |
| Communication | 0.4691 |
| Advice | 0.0972 |
Diameter refers to the maximum shortest path length
between any two nodes in the network. It is a measure of the longest
distance between any two nodes in the network.
# Create a data frame for the network diameter information
network_diameter <- data.frame(
Network = c("Trust", "Communication", "Advice"),
Diameter = c(
diameter(trust_graph, directed = T),
diameter(comm_graph, directed = F),
diameter(advice_graph, directed = T)
)
)
kable(network_diameter, caption = "Network Diameters")| Network | Diameter |
|---|---|
| Trust | 14 |
| Communication | 4 |
| Advice | 6 |
Average path length is calculated as the average of all
shortest path lengths between any two nodes in the network. Both
diameter and average path length provides
information on the overall efficiency and connectivity of the network.A
small average path length indicates that nodes in the network are
closely connected and can easily communicate and share information with
one another.
# Create a data frame for the average path length information
network_apl <- data.frame(
Network = c("Trust", "Communication", "Advice"),
"Average_Path_Length" = c(
mean_distance(trust_graph, directed = TRUE, unconnected = TRUE),
mean_distance(comm_graph, directed = FALSE, unconnected = TRUE),
mean_distance(advice_graph, directed = TRUE, unconnected = TRUE)
)
)
# Display the average path length information in a simple table
kable(network_apl, caption = "Network Average Path Lengths", digits = 3)| Network | Average_Path_Length |
|---|---|
| Trust | 4.411 |
| Communication | 2.311 |
| Advice | 2.404 |
Degree centrality measures the number of ties an node
has in a UNDIRECTED network . In-degree centrality measures
the number of incoming ties an node has in a DIRECTED
network.Out-degree centrality measures the number of
outgoing ties an individual has in a DIRECTED network.
| Trust | Advice | |
|---|---|---|
| Min | 0.000 | 0.007 |
| Q1.25% | 0.025 | 0.056 |
| Median | 0.063 | 0.099 |
| Mean | 0.129 | 0.097 |
| Q3.75% | 0.155 | 0.130 |
| Max | 1.000 | 0.225 |
| Trust | Advice | |
|---|---|---|
| Min | 0.028 | 0.000 |
| Q1.25% | 0.085 | 0.028 |
| Median | 0.134 | 0.063 |
| Mean | 0.129 | 0.097 |
| Q3.75% | 0.169 | 0.113 |
| Max | 0.261 | 0.908 |
| Communication | |
|---|---|
| Min | 0.134 |
| Q1.25% | 0.331 |
| Median | 0.451 |
| Mean | 0.469 |
| Q3.75% | 0.613 |
| Max | 1.000 |
Betweenness centrality measures the extent to which an
individual lies on the shortest path between other pairs of individuals
in the network. Individuals with high betweenness centrality are more
likely to have access to diverse sources of information. Individuals
with low betweenness centrality are less central to the flow of
information and may be more isolated.
| Trust | Advice | Communication | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Min | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Q1.25% | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Median | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Mean | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Q3.75% | 0.008 | 0.012 | 0.004 |
| Max | 0.297 | 0.136 | 0.223 |
Eigenvector centrality measures the extent to which an
individual is connected to other well-connected individuals in the
network. Individuals with high eigenvector centrality are well-connected
to other well-connected individuals in the network, and thus are more
likely to have influence over others in the network (i.e., greater power
and/or status).
| Trust | Advice | Communication | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Min | 0.000 | 0.009 | 0.152 |
| Q1.25% | 0.015 | 0.175 | 0.382 |
| Median | 0.063 | 0.357 | 0.534 |
| Mean | 0.152 | 0.377 | 0.537 |
| Q3.75% | 0.202 | 0.552 | 0.700 |
| Max | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Closeness centrality measures the extent to which an
individual is close to other individuals in the network, in terms of the
shortest path length.Individuals with high closeness centrality can more
easily access information and resources from others in the network.
| Trust | Advice | Communication | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Min | 0.507 | 0.382 | 0.536 |
| Q1.25% | 0.529 | 0.514 | 0.599 |
| Median | 0.548 | 0.528 | 0.645 |
| Mean | 0.566 | 0.535 | 0.663 |
| Q3.75% | 0.566 | 0.548 | 0.721 |
| Max | 1.000 | 0.916 | 1.000 |
In the tables below you may filter by your SNA_ID to find your corresponding values.
Where are you in the class advice network? Do you have a large or
small size of node? Do you know your centrality score? (Hint: by
selecting your node id from the drop down box and click on your own
node)
NOTE: You can resize the graphs and relocate individual
nodes.
# add node network attributes from network graph stats data from generated above
V(advice_graph)$betweenness <- advice_stats$betweenness
V(advice_graph)$indegree <- advice_stats$indegree
V(advice_graph)$outdegree <- advice_stats$outdegree
V(advice_graph)$eigenvector <- advice_stats$eigenvector
V(advice_graph)$closeness <- advice_stats$closeness
V(advice_graph)$value <- advice_stats$between
advice_graph<-set_graph_attr(advice_graph, "layout", layout_with_fr)
data <- toVisNetworkData(advice_graph)
node_df <- as.data.frame(data$nodes)
node_df <- node_df %>%
mutate(id = as.numeric(id)) %>%
arrange(id)
node_df$title = paste0("node id:",node_df$id,"</b><br>betweenness_centrality:", node_df$betweenness, "</b><br>eigenvector_centrality:",node_df$eigenvector,"</b><br>indegree_centrality:", node_df$indegree, "</b><br>outdegree_centrality:", node_df$outdegree, "</b><br>closeness_centrality:", node_df$closeness)
vn = visNetwork(node_df, edges = data$edges,height = "1500px", width = "150%") %>%
visConfigure(enabled = FALSE) %>%
visPhysics(enabled = FALSE, stabilization = FALSE) %>%
visIgraphLayout(layout = "layout.fruchterman.reingold") %>%
visLayout(randomSeed = 123)%>%
visOptions(
highlightNearest = list(enabled = TRUE, degree = 2, hover = TRUE),
nodesIdSelection = list(enabled = TRUE,
style = 'width: 200px; height: 26px;background: #f8f8f8;
color: darkblue;
border:none;
outline:none;'),
)
vn = visNodes(vn, id = data$nodes$id,
borderWidthSelected = 15,
color = list(highlight ="red"))
vn <- visEdges(vn, id = data$edges$id,
color = 'pink',
arrows = 'from')
vn# add node network attributes from network graph stats data fram generated above
V(trust_graph)$betweenness <- trust_stats$betweenness
V(trust_graph)$indegree <- trust_stats$indegree
V(trust_graph)$outdegree <- trust_stats$outdegree
V(trust_graph)$eigenvector <- trust_stats$eigenvector
V(trust_graph)$closeness <- trust_stats$closeness
V(trust_graph)$value <- trust_stats$betweenness
trust_graph<-set_graph_attr(trust_graph, "layout", layout_with_fr)
data <- toVisNetworkData(trust_graph)
node_df <- as.data.frame(data$nodes)
node_df$id <- as.numeric(node_df$id)
node_df <- node_df[order(node_df$id), ]
node_df$id <- as.character(node_df$id)
node_df$title = paste0("node id:",node_df$id,"</b><br>betweenness_centrality:", node_df$betweenness, "</b><br>eigenvector_centrality:",node_df$eigenvector,"</b><br>indegree_centrality:", node_df$indegree, "</b><br>outdegree_centrality:", node_df$outdegree, "</b><br>closeness_centrality:", node_df$closeness)
vn = visNetwork(node_df, edges = data$edges,height = "1500px", width = "200%") %>%
visConfigure(enabled = FALSE) %>%
visPhysics(enabled = FALSE, stabilization = FALSE) %>%
visIgraphLayout(layout = "layout.fruchterman.reingold") %>%
visLayout(randomSeed = 100) %>%
visOptions(highlightNearest =list(enabled = TRUE, hover = TRUE,degree = 3),
nodesIdSelection = list(enabled = TRUE,
style = 'width: 200px; height: 26px;
background: #f8f8f8;
color: darkblue;
border:none;
outline:none;'))
vn <- visNodes(vn, id = data$nodes$id,
borderWidthSelected = 15,
color = list(highlight ="red"))
vn <- visEdges(vn, id = data$edges$id,
color = 'pink',
arrows = 'from')
vn# add node network attributes from network graph stats data fram generated above
V(comm_graph)$betweenness <- comm_stats2$betweenness
V(comm_graph)$degree <- comm_stats2$degree
V(comm_graph)$eigenvector <- comm_stats2$eigenvector
V(comm_graph)$closeness <- comm_stats2$closeness
V(comm_graph)$value <- comm_stats2$betweenness
comm_graph<-set_graph_attr(comm_graph, "layout", layout_with_fr)
data <- toVisNetworkData(comm_graph)
node_df <- as.data.frame(data$nodes)
node_df$title = paste0("node id:",node_df$id,"</b><br>betweenness_centrality:", node_df$betweenness, "</b><br>eigenvector_centrality:",node_df$eigenvector,"</b><br>degree_centrality:",node_df$degree, "</b><br>closeness_centrality:", node_df$closeness)
vn = visNetwork(node_df, edges = data$edges,height = "1500px", width = "200%") %>%
visConfigure(enabled = FALSE) %>%
visPhysics(enabled = FALSE, stabilization = FALSE) %>%
visIgraphLayout(layout = "layout.fruchterman.reingold") %>%
visLayout(randomSeed = 123) %>%
visOptions(highlightNearest =list(enabled = TRUE, hover = TRUE,degree = 3),
nodesIdSelection = list(enabled = TRUE,
style = 'width: 200px; height: 26px;
background: #f8f8f8;
color: darkblue;
border:none;
outline:none;'))
vn = visNodes(vn, id = data$nodes$id,
borderWidthSelected = 6,
color = list(highlight ="red"))
vn <- visEdges(vn, id = data$edges$id,
color = 'pink')
vn