Social Capital, Digital Engagement, and Psychological Well-being

Results

Sample Characteristics

**Table 1. Sample Characteristics by Place of Residence**

Characteristic	Overall N = 5,000	Urban N = 1,242	Non-urban N = 3,758	p-value1
Age Group, n (%)				0.027
18-24	436 (8.7%)	85 (6.8%)	351 (9.3%)
25-44	1,420 (28%)	346 (28%)	1,074 (29%)
45-64	1,436 (29%)	381 (31%)	1,055 (28%)
65+	1,708 (34%)	430 (35%)	1,278 (34%)
Sex, n (%)				0.793
Male	2,337 (47%)	587 (47%)	1,750 (47%)
Female	2,603 (52%)	642 (52%)	1,961 (52%)
Non-binary	60 (1.2%)	13 (1.0%)	47 (1.3%)
Education, n (%)				0.869
None/Primary	1,666 (33%)	409 (33%)	1,257 (33%)
Secondary	817 (16%)	198 (16%)	619 (16%)
Tertiary	1,675 (34%)	428 (34%)	1,247 (33%)
Postgraduate	842 (17%)	207 (17%)	635 (17%)
Income Tertile, n (%)				0.932
Low	1,667 (33%)	415 (33%)	1,252 (33%)
Medium	1,667 (33%)	409 (33%)	1,258 (33%)
High	1,666 (33%)	418 (34%)	1,248 (33%)
Marital Status, n (%)				0.792
Married	998 (20%)	254 (20%)	744 (20%)
Partnered	1,019 (20%)	241 (19%)	778 (21%)
Single	988 (20%)	247 (20%)	741 (20%)
Divorced/Widowed	1,995 (40%)	500 (40%)	1,495 (40%)
Ethnicity, n (%)				0.356
White	823 (16%)	203 (16%)	620 (16%)
Black	845 (17%)	194 (16%)	651 (17%)
Latino	854 (17%)	199 (16%)	655 (17%)
Asian	815 (16%)	210 (17%)	605 (16%)
Indigenous	848 (17%)	230 (19%)	618 (16%)
Other	815 (16%)	206 (17%)	609 (16%)
Foreign Born, n (%)	709 (14%)	172 (14%)	537 (14%)	0.734
Social Capital, n (%)				0.538
Low	216 (4.3%)	57 (4.6%)	159 (4.2%)
Medium	3,667 (73%)	896 (72%)	2,771 (74%)
High	1,117 (22%)	289 (23%)	828 (22%)
Can Confide in Someone, n (%)	3,730 (75%)	928 (75%)	2,802 (75%)	0.942
Club Membership, n (%)	1,165 (23%)	319 (26%)	846 (23%)	0.024
Volunteerism, n (%)				0.206
Never	1,832 (37%)	466 (38%)	1,366 (36%)
Rarely	1,403 (28%)	341 (27%)	1,062 (28%)
Sometimes	1,231 (25%)	320 (26%)	911 (24%)
Often	534 (11%)	115 (9.3%)	419 (11%)
Voted (Last Election), n (%)	3,296 (66%)	818 (66%)	2,478 (66%)	0.988
Donated to Charity, n (%)	1,425 (29%)	360 (29%)	1,065 (28%)	0.688
Uses Social Media, n (%)	4,265 (85%)	1,074 (86%)	3,191 (85%)	0.193
Daily Screen Time, n (%)				0.257
Low (<2 hrs)	1,095 (22%)	256 (21%)	839 (22%)
Moderate (2-4 hrs)	1,628 (33%)	397 (32%)	1,231 (33%)
High (5+ hrs)	2,277 (46%)	589 (47%)	1,688 (45%)
Shares News Online, n (%)	947 (19%)	219 (18%)	728 (19%)	0.189
Climate Info on SM, n (%)	3,912 (78%)	976 (79%)	2,936 (78%)	0.766
Loneliness Frequency, n (%)				0.176
Low	2,069 (41%)	486 (39%)	1,583 (42%)
Moderate	960 (19%)	246 (20%)	714 (19%)
High	1,971 (39%)	510 (41%)	1,461 (39%)
Mindfulness Practice, n (%)				0.543
Infrequent	2,030 (41%)	488 (39%)	1,542 (41%)
Sometimes	943 (19%)	237 (19%)	706 (19%)
Regular	2,027 (41%)	517 (42%)	1,510 (40%)
Recent Therapy, n (%)	908 (18%)	238 (19%)	670 (18%)	0.310
Experienced Discrimination, n (%)	392 (7.8%)	89 (7.2%)	303 (8.1%)	0.338
High Well-being (Life Sat >= 7), n (%)				0.308
Low/Moderate	2,980 (60%)	756 (61%)	2,224 (59%)
High	2,020 (40%)	486 (39%)	1,534 (41%)
1Pearson's Chi-squared test

Prevalence of High Well-being by Subgroup

Table 2. Prevalence of High Well-being (%) by Subgroup

Variable	Category	Overall (%)	Urban (%)	Non-urban (%)	p-value
Age Group	18-24	42.2	43.5	41.9	0.852
	25-44	40.6	41.6	40.3
	45-64	40.1	37.0	41.2
	65+	40.0	38.1	40.6
Sex	Male	40.1	37.1	41.0	0.448
	Female	40.9	40.8	40.9
	Non-binary	33.3	46.2	29.8
Education	None/Primary	39.4	36.9	40.2	0.321
	Secondary	39.9	41.9	39.3
	Tertiary	42.2	40.2	42.9
	Postgraduate	39.3	38.6	39.5
Income Tertile	Low	40.9	37.8	41.9	0.816
	Medium	39.8	36.2	41.0
	High	40.5	43.3	39.5
Social Capital	Low	38.9	26.3	43.4	0.597
	Medium	40.1	40.0	40.2
	High	41.6	39.1	42.5
Loneliness	Low	40.5	39.7	40.7	0.936
	Moderate	39.9	38.2	40.5
	High	40.6	39.0	41.1
Screen Time	Low (<2 hrs)	39.8	37.5	40.5	0.902
	Moderate (2-4 hrs)	40.5	40.6	40.5
	High (5+ hrs)	40.6	38.9	41.2
Mindfulness	Infrequent	39.5	34.8	40.9	0.096
	Sometimes	38.6	38.8	38.5
	Regular	42.2	43.3	41.8
Volunteerism	Never	40.3	39.1	40.8	0.463
	Rarely	42.0	42.8	41.7
	Sometimes	39.4	36.2	40.5
	Often	38.8	36.5	39.4
Can Confide	No	39.5	38.9	39.7	0.484
	Yes	40.7	39.2	41.2
Club Membership	No	39.9	39.2	40.1	0.176
	Yes	42.1	38.9	43.4
Voted	No	39.1	35.1	40.5	0.203
	Yes	41.0	41.2	41.0
Donated	No	40.7	39.8	41.0	0.515
	Yes	39.6	37.5	40.4
Uses Social Media	No	41.5	38.1	42.5	0.538
	Yes	40.2	39.3	40.5
Discrimination	No	40.2	38.9	40.6	0.383
	Yes	42.6	41.6	42.9
Recent Therapy	No	40.5	38.1	41.2	0.862
	Yes	40.1	43.3	39.0

Figures

Figure 1. Prevalence of High Well-being by Key Domains and Residence. Non-urban includes Suburban, Rural, and Remote.

Figure 2. Prevalence of High Well-being by Residential Zone and Age Group.

Logistic Regression (Table 3)

**Table 3. Adjusted Odds Ratios for High Psychological Well-being**

	Non-urban		Urban		Total
Characteristic1	AOR12	p1	AOR12	p1	AOR12	p1
Sex
Male	—		—		—
Female	0.99 (0.87 to 1.13)	0.934	1.19 (0.94 to 1.51)	0.159	1.04 (0.92 to 1.16)	0.552
Non-binary	0.59 (0.30 to 1.09)	0.104	1.81 (0.56 to 5.75)	0.309	0.73 (0.41 to 1.24)	0.256
Age Group
18-24	—		—		—
25-44	0.94 (0.73 to 1.20)	0.613	0.87 (0.53 to 1.44)	0.596	0.94 (0.76 to 1.17)	0.587
45-64	0.97 (0.76 to 1.25)	0.838	0.71 (0.43 to 1.16)	0.166	0.93 (0.74 to 1.15)	0.486
65+	0.94 (0.74 to 1.20)	0.604	0.76 (0.47 to 1.25)	0.276	0.91 (0.73 to 1.13)	0.390
Education
None/Primary	—		—		—
Secondary	0.96 (0.79 to 1.17)	0.714	1.24 (0.86 to 1.77)	0.245	1.02 (0.86 to 1.21)	0.799
Tertiary	1.11 (0.95 to 1.31)	0.196	1.17 (0.88 to 1.57)	0.277	1.12 (0.98 to 1.29)	0.102
Postgraduate	0.97 (0.80 to 1.19)	0.795	1.11 (0.78 to 1.58)	0.567	1.00 (0.84 to 1.19)	0.981
Income
Low	—		—		—
Medium	0.96 (0.82 to 1.13)	0.656	0.90 (0.67 to 1.21)	0.484	0.96 (0.83 to 1.10)	0.517
High	0.91 (0.78 to 1.07)	0.274	1.29 (0.97 to 1.72)	0.078	0.99 (0.86 to 1.14)	0.884
Marital Status
Married	—		—		—
Partnered	1.08 (0.88 to 1.33)	0.463	0.98 (0.68 to 1.43)	0.936	1.07 (0.89 to 1.28)	0.467
Single	1.03 (0.83 to 1.27)	0.790	0.82 (0.57 to 1.20)	0.309	0.97 (0.81 to 1.16)	0.748
Divorced/Widowed	0.95 (0.80 to 1.14)	0.602	1.02 (0.74 to 1.40)	0.927	0.97 (0.83 to 1.13)	0.685
Foreign Born
No	—		—		—
Yes	0.90 (0.74 to 1.09)	0.275	1.02 (0.72 to 1.44)	0.899	0.94 (0.79 to 1.10)	0.431
Ethnicity
White	—		—		—
Black	1.01 (0.80 to 1.27)	0.938	0.92 (0.61 to 1.41)	0.712	0.98 (0.80 to 1.19)	0.838
Latino	0.96 (0.77 to 1.21)	0.734	0.99 (0.65 to 1.50)	0.964	0.97 (0.79 to 1.18)	0.728
Asian	1.04 (0.83 to 1.31)	0.712	0.91 (0.60 to 1.37)	0.646	0.99 (0.81 to 1.21)	0.942
Indigenous	0.95 (0.75 to 1.19)	0.643	1.18 (0.80 to 1.75)	0.404	1.01 (0.83 to 1.23)	0.949
Other	1.14 (0.91 to 1.44)	0.255	0.95 (0.63 to 1.43)	0.796	1.08 (0.89 to 1.32)	0.439
Social Capital
Low	—		—		—
Medium	0.89 (0.64 to 1.23)	0.480	1.99 (1.09 to 3.83)	0.030	1.05 (0.80 to 1.40)	0.713
High	0.97 (0.69 to 1.38)	0.882	1.94 (1.03 to 3.84)	0.047	1.12 (0.83 to 1.52)	0.442
Can Confide
No	—		—		—
Yes	1.07 (0.92 to 1.25)	0.378	1.03 (0.78 to 1.35)	0.857	1.05 (0.93 to 1.20)	0.424
Club Membership
No	—		—		—
Yes	1.15 (0.99 to 1.35)	0.071	0.98 (0.75 to 1.29)	0.889	1.11 (0.97 to 1.26)	0.140
Volunteerism
Never	—		—		—
Rarely	1.04 (0.88 to 1.22)	0.673	1.22 (0.91 to 1.63)	0.190	1.07 (0.93 to 1.24)	0.328
Sometimes	0.98 (0.83 to 1.17)	0.859	0.89 (0.66 to 1.20)	0.448	0.96 (0.83 to 1.11)	0.584
Often	0.94 (0.75 to 1.18)	0.590	0.91 (0.58 to 1.40)	0.659	0.93 (0.76 to 1.13)	0.477
Voted
No	—		—		—
Yes	1.03 (0.89 to 1.18)	0.712	1.37 (1.07 to 1.77)	0.014	1.09 (0.97 to 1.23)	0.166
Donated
No	—		—		—
Yes	0.98 (0.85 to 1.14)	0.827	0.90 (0.69 to 1.17)	0.434	0.97 (0.85 to 1.10)	0.628
Social Media Use
No	—		—		—
Yes	0.92 (0.76 to 1.10)	0.343	1.08 (0.77 to 1.53)	0.664	0.95 (0.81 to 1.11)	0.499
Screen Time
Low (<2 hrs)	—		—		—
Moderate (2-4 hrs)	0.99 (0.83 to 1.18)	0.903	1.17 (0.84 to 1.63)	0.351	1.03 (0.88 to 1.20)	0.726
High (5+ hrs)	1.03 (0.87 to 1.21)	0.774	1.07 (0.79 to 1.47)	0.658	1.04 (0.89 to 1.20)	0.639
Shares News
No	—		—		—
Yes	0.95 (0.80 to 1.12)	0.552	0.95 (0.70 to 1.29)	0.754	0.95 (0.82 to 1.10)	0.524
Climate Info SM
No	—		—		—
Yes	1.12 (0.95 to 1.31)	0.181	1.03 (0.78 to 1.38)	0.816	1.09 (0.95 to 1.26)	0.207
Loneliness
Low	—		—		—
Moderate	0.99 (0.83 to 1.19)	0.925	0.90 (0.65 to 1.25)	0.542	0.97 (0.83 to 1.14)	0.751
High	1.03 (0.89 to 1.19)	0.727	0.97 (0.74 to 1.26)	0.794	1.01 (0.89 to 1.15)	0.838
Mindfulness
Infrequent	—		—		—
Sometimes	0.91 (0.76 to 1.09)	0.306	1.24 (0.89 to 1.73)	0.196	0.97 (0.83 to 1.14)	0.715
Regular	1.04 (0.90 to 1.20)	0.592	1.50 (1.16 to 1.95)	0.002	1.13 (1.00 to 1.28)	0.059
Therapy
No	—		—		—
Yes	0.91 (0.77 to 1.08)	0.296	1.25 (0.92 to 1.68)	0.146	0.99 (0.85 to 1.15)	0.893
Discrimination
No	—		—		—
Yes	1.09 (0.86 to 1.39)	0.472	1.08 (0.68 to 1.69)	0.752	1.10 (0.89 to 1.35)	0.388
Residence
Urban					—
Non-urban					1.08 (0.95 to 1.23)	0.255
1AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval. Reference: Male; 18-24 yrs; None/Primary education; Low income; Married; Non-foreign born; White; Low social capital; Cannot confide; No club; Never volunteer; Did not vote; Did not donate; No social media; Low screen time; Does not share news; No climate info; Low loneliness; Infrequent mindfulness; No therapy; No discrimination. Bold = p < 0.05.
2OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

Figure 3. Forest Plot of Adjusted Odds Ratios (Total Model). Filled circles = p < 0.05. Error bars = 95% CI.

Predicted Probabilities (Table 4)

Table 4. Predicted Probability of High Well-being by Sex, Income, and Residence

Sex	Income	Residence	Probability	Percent	CI_95
Male	Low	Urban	0.388	38.8%	[32% - 45.7%]
Female	Low	Urban	0.397	39.7%	[32.7% - 46.6%]
Male	High	Urban	0.386	38.6%	[31.7% - 45.4%]
Female	High	Urban	0.394	39.4%	[32.5% - 46.3%]
Male	Low	Non-urban	0.407	40.7%	[34.1% - 47.3%]
Female	Low	Non-urban	0.415	41.5%	[34.9% - 48.1%]
Male	High	Non-urban	0.404	40.4%	[33.9% - 47%]
Female	High	Non-urban	0.413	41.3%	[34.7% - 47.8%]
Other predictors held at modal values.

Figure 4. Predicted Probability of High Well-being by Sex, Income, and Residence. Error bars = 95% CI.

Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition

Table 5. Overall Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition: Urban vs Non-urban Gap

Component	Estimate	% of Total Gap
Urban — mean probability	0.3913	39.1
Non-urban — mean probability	0.4082	40.8
Total difference (Urban minus Non-urban)	-0.0169	100.0
Endowments (explained)	-0.0011	6.5
Coefficients (unexplained)	0.2977	-1,762.5
Interaction	-0.0028	16.8
Endowments = compositional differences. Coefficients = differential returns. Interaction = joint contribution.

Table 6. Detailed Decomposition: Contribution of Each Predictor

Predictor	Endowments (%)	Coefficients (%)	Interaction (%)
Social Capital: Medium	14.1	-773.0	16.7
Age 45-64	12.2	121.4	11.3
Social Capital: High	-10.6	-196.2	-11.0
Mindfulness: Regular	-8.0	-201.9	-7.3
Recent Therapy	-4.2	-79.5	-5.9
Tertiary Educ.	-2.8	-23.1	-0.9
Volunteer: Sometimes	2.5	34.7	2.2
Age 65+	2.3	95.6	1.7
Volunteer: Often	-2.3	3.4	-0.6
Screen: High	-2.3	-27.0	-1.5
Volunteer: Rarely	2.2	-61.0	1.7
Screen: Moderate	1.7	-76.7	1.9
Non-binary (vs Male)	1.6	-18.7	3.0
Income: High	-1.6	-164.1	-2.2
Uses Social Media	-1.6	-187.1	-3.4
Secondary Educ.	1.5	-57.2	1.8
Age 25-44	-1.3	27.8	-0.7
Shares News	-1.3	-0.7	0.1
Female (vs Male)	1.2	-130.4	1.2
Donated	1.0	38.6	0.9
Loneliness: Moderate	1.0	21.9	0.9
Loneliness: High	1.0	30.7	1.7
Mindfulness: Sometimes	-0.9	-83.6	-1.3
Discrimination	0.8	3.7	-0.4
Income: Medium	-0.7	28.6	-0.5
Marital: Single	0.5	60.5	0.5
Club Member	0.4	48.4	6.8
Postgraduate Educ.	0.3	-27.3	0.4
Marital: Partnered	-0.3	27.0	-1.7
Voted	0.3	-267.4	0.3
Foreign Born	0.2	-28.4	0.9
Shares Climate Info	-0.2	88.9	0.5
Marital: Div/Widowed	-0.1	-39.1	-0.5
Can Confide	-0.1	48.5	0.1
Blue = widens gap; Red = narrows gap. Sorted by absolute endowments contribution.

Figure 5. Endowments Contribution of Each Predictor to the Urban-Non-urban Well-being Gap. Only predictors with absolute contribution > 0.5% shown.

Correlation Matrix

Figure 6. Pearson Correlation Matrix of Key Continuous Variables.

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AMEs

Table 3b. Average Marginal Effects (AME) on Probability of High Well-being

	Non-urban Model		Urban Model		Total Model
Predictor	Non-urban	p-value	Urban	p-value	Total	p-value
Age: (25-44 - 18-24)	-0.015 [-0.075, 0.044]	0.614	-0.032 [-0.150, 0.086]	0.597	-0.015 [-0.068, 0.038]	0.588
Age: (45-64 - 18-24)	-0.006 [-0.066, 0.053]	0.838	-0.081 [-0.197, 0.035]	0.172	-0.019 [-0.072, 0.034]	0.488
Age: (65+ - 18-24)	-0.015 [-0.074, 0.043]	0.605	-0.064 [-0.179, 0.052]	0.281	-0.023 [-0.075, 0.029]	0.392
Can Confide: (Yes - No)	+0.016 [-0.020, 0.052]	0.376	+0.006 [-0.056, 0.068]	0.856	+0.013 [-0.018, 0.044]	0.423
Climate Info: (Yes - No)	+0.026 [-0.012, 0.064]	0.178	+0.008 [-0.058, 0.074]	0.816	+0.021 [-0.012, 0.054]	0.204
Club Member: (Yes - No)	+0.035 [-0.003, 0.073]	0.072	-0.004 [-0.067, 0.058]	0.889	+0.024 [-0.008, 0.057]	0.141
Discrimination: (Yes - No)	+0.021 [-0.037, 0.079]	0.475	+0.017 [-0.089, 0.123]	0.753	+0.022 [-0.029, 0.073]	0.391
Donated: (Yes - No)	-0.004 [-0.039, 0.031]	0.827	-0.024 [-0.083, 0.036]	0.432	-0.007 [-0.038, 0.023]	0.628
Education: (Postgraduate - None/Primary)	-0.006 [-0.053, 0.041]	0.795	+0.024 [-0.057, 0.104]	0.568	+0.000 [-0.040, 0.041]	0.981
Education: (Secondary - None/Primary)	-0.009 [-0.056, 0.038]	0.713	+0.049 [-0.034, 0.131]	0.247	+0.005 [-0.036, 0.046]	0.800
Education: (Tertiary - None/Primary)	+0.026 [-0.013, 0.064]	0.196	+0.037 [-0.029, 0.102]	0.277	+0.028 [-0.005, 0.061]	0.101
Ethnicity: (Asian - White)	+0.010 [-0.045, 0.066]	0.712	-0.022 [-0.116, 0.072]	0.646	-0.002 [-0.049, 0.046]	0.942
Ethnicity: (Black - White)	+0.002 [-0.052, 0.056]	0.938	-0.018 [-0.114, 0.078]	0.712	-0.005 [-0.052, 0.042]	0.838
Ethnicity: (Indigenous - White)	-0.013 [-0.068, 0.042]	0.643	+0.039 [-0.053, 0.131]	0.403	+0.002 [-0.046, 0.049]	0.949
Ethnicity: (Latino - White)	-0.009 [-0.063, 0.044]	0.734	-0.002 [-0.098, 0.093]	0.964	-0.008 [-0.055, 0.039]	0.728
Ethnicity: (Other - White)	+0.032 [-0.023, 0.087]	0.255	-0.012 [-0.107, 0.082]	0.796	+0.019 [-0.029, 0.067]	0.439
Foreign Born: (Yes - No)	-0.025 [-0.070, 0.020]	0.271	+0.005 [-0.074, 0.084]	0.899	-0.016 [-0.055, 0.023]	0.428
Income: (High - Low)	-0.022 [-0.060, 0.017]	0.274	+0.060 [-0.006, 0.126]	0.077	-0.002 [-0.036, 0.031]	0.884
Income: (Medium - Low)	-0.009 [-0.047, 0.030]	0.656	-0.023 [-0.089, 0.042]	0.484	-0.011 [-0.044, 0.022]	0.517
Loneliness: (High - Low)	+0.006 [-0.029, 0.041]	0.727	-0.008 [-0.069, 0.053]	0.794	+0.003 [-0.027, 0.033]	0.838
Loneliness: (Moderate - Low)	-0.002 [-0.046, 0.041]	0.925	-0.023 [-0.098, 0.051]	0.540	-0.006 [-0.044, 0.031]	0.750
Marital: (Divorced/Widowed - Married)	-0.011 [-0.055, 0.032]	0.603	+0.003 [-0.070, 0.077]	0.927	-0.008 [-0.045, 0.030]	0.685
Marital: (Partnered - Married)	+0.019 [-0.031, 0.068]	0.463	-0.004 [-0.089, 0.082]	0.936	+0.016 [-0.027, 0.059]	0.467
Marital: (Single - Married)	+0.007 [-0.043, 0.057]	0.790	-0.044 [-0.129, 0.041]	0.308	-0.007 [-0.050, 0.036]	0.748
Mindfulness: (Regular - Infrequent)	+0.010 [-0.025, 0.045]	0.592	+0.093** [0.034, 0.153]	0.002	+0.029 [-0.001, 0.059]	0.059
Mindfulness: (Sometimes - Infrequent)	-0.023 [-0.066, 0.021]	0.304	+0.049 [-0.026, 0.124]	0.199	-0.007 [-0.045, 0.031]	0.715
Social Capital: (High - Low)	-0.006 [-0.090, 0.078]	0.882	+0.139* [0.014, 0.265]	0.030	+0.028 [-0.043, 0.099]	0.439
Social Capital: (Medium - Low)	-0.028 [-0.107, 0.051]	0.484	+0.145* [0.029, 0.262]	0.015	+0.013 [-0.054, 0.079]	0.712
Screen Time: (High (5+ hrs) - Low (<2 hrs))	+0.006 [-0.035, 0.047]	0.774	+0.016 [-0.055, 0.087]	0.657	+0.008 [-0.027, 0.044]	0.639
Screen Time: (Moderate (2-4 hrs) - Low (<2 hrs))	-0.003 [-0.046, 0.040]	0.903	+0.036 [-0.040, 0.112]	0.349	+0.007 [-0.031, 0.044]	0.726
Sex: (Female - Male)	-0.001 [-0.033, 0.030]	0.934	+0.039 [-0.015, 0.094]	0.158	+0.008 [-0.019, 0.036]	0.552
Sex: (Non-binary - Male)	-0.119 [-0.250, 0.013]	0.077	+0.140 [-0.135, 0.416]	0.318	-0.073 [-0.193, 0.047]	0.235
Shares News: (Yes - No)	-0.012 [-0.052, 0.028]	0.550	-0.011 [-0.082, 0.059]	0.753	-0.011 [-0.046, 0.023]	0.522
Therapy: (Yes - No)	-0.022 [-0.063, 0.019]	0.293	+0.052 [-0.019, 0.122]	0.150	-0.002 [-0.038, 0.033]	0.893
Social Media: (Yes - No)	-0.021 [-0.066, 0.023]	0.345	+0.017 [-0.061, 0.096]	0.662	-0.013 [-0.052, 0.025]	0.501
Volunteering: (Often - Never)	-0.015 [-0.068, 0.039]	0.588	-0.022 [-0.121, 0.076]	0.656	-0.017 [-0.064, 0.030]	0.475
Volunteering: (Rarely - Never)	+0.008 [-0.031, 0.048]	0.673	+0.046 [-0.023, 0.114]	0.190	+0.017 [-0.017, 0.051]	0.328
Volunteering: (Sometimes - Never)	-0.004 [-0.045, 0.037]	0.859	-0.027 [-0.095, 0.042]	0.446	-0.010 [-0.045, 0.025]	0.584
Voted: (Yes - No)	+0.006 [-0.027, 0.039]	0.712	+0.072* [0.016, 0.128]	0.012	+0.020 [-0.008, 0.049]	0.165
Residence: (Non-urban - Urban)	NA NA		NA NA		+0.018 [-0.013, 0.050]	0.253
AME = Average Marginal Effect expressed as change in predicted probability (percentage points). AMEs are computed as the sample average of individual marginal effects. Positive AME = predictor increases probability of high well-being. Negative AME = predictor decreases probability. * p<0.05 ** p<0.01 *** p<0.001