Table: Patient and Encounter Characteristics by Ophthalmology Consult Status
Variable Overall
N = 3,896
1
Formal_Consult
N = 1,529
1
No_Consult
N = 2,367
1
p-value2
patient_age_at_dos 41 (23) 46 (22) 37 (23) <0.001
    Unknown 1 1 0
gender


0.2
    Female 1,993 (51%) 760 (50%) 1,233 (52%)
    Male 1,902 (49%) 768 (50%) 1,134 (48%)
    Unknown 1 1 0
ethnicity


0.14
    Hispanic 8 (14%) 1 (4.2%) 7 (22%)
    Non-Hispanic 48 (86%) 23 (96%) 25 (78%)
    Unknown 3,840 1,505 2,335
race_group


<0.001
    White or Caucasian 2,453 (63%) 1,089 (71%) 1,364 (58%)
    African American 891 (23%) 250 (16%) 641 (27%)
    Asian 78 (2.0%) 23 (1.5%) 55 (2.3%)
    Other 474 (12%) 167 (11%) 307 (13%)
language_group


<0.001
    English 3,472 (89%) 1,399 (91%) 2,073 (88%)
    Spanish 332 (8.5%) 107 (7.0%) 225 (9.5%)
    Other 92 (2.4%) 23 (1.5%) 69 (2.9%)
driving_distance_mi_to_hospital 66 (198) 68 (205) 65 (193) 0.091
    Unknown 19 8 11
time_period


<0.001
    Afternoon 1,479 (38%) 588 (38%) 891 (38%)
    Evening 1,053 (27%) 510 (33%) 543 (23%)
    Morning 1,034 (27%) 303 (20%) 731 (31%)
    Overnight 328 (8.4%) 127 (8.3%) 201 (8.5%)
    Unknown 2 1 1
weekend_flag


0.001
    Weekday 2,607 (67%) 977 (64%) 1,630 (69%)
    Weekend 1,289 (33%) 552 (36%) 737 (31%)
service_season


0.2
    Jan_Mar 817 (21%) 296 (19%) 521 (22%)
    Apr_Jun 916 (24%) 356 (23%) 560 (24%)
    Jul_Sep 1,131 (29%) 458 (30%) 673 (28%)
    Oct_Dec 1,032 (26%) 419 (27%) 613 (26%)
insurance_group


<0.001
    Commercial/Private 1,444 (37%) 631 (41%) 813 (34%)
    Medicaid 925 (24%) 281 (18%) 644 (27%)
    Medicare 776 (20%) 383 (25%) 393 (17%)
    Self-Pay 725 (19%) 221 (14%) 504 (21%)
    Other/Unknown 26 (0.7%) 13 (0.9%) 13 (0.5%)
trauma_group


0.078
    Chemical 104 (2.7%) 35 (2.3%) 69 (2.9%)
    No 2,900 (74%) 1,118 (73%) 1,782 (75%)
    Physical 892 (23%) 376 (25%) 516 (22%)
va_cat_ed_right


<0.001
    Bad_(>20/200) 120 (3.1%) 79 (5.2%) 41 (1.7%)
    Missing_or_Unreadable 2,786 (72%) 1,052 (69%) 1,734 (73%)
    Normal_(<20/50) 835 (21%) 308 (20%) 527 (22%)
    OK_(20/50_to_20/200) 155 (4.0%) 90 (5.9%) 65 (2.7%)
va_cat_ed_left


<0.001
    Bad_(>20/200) 105 (2.7%) 67 (4.4%) 38 (1.6%)
    Missing_or_Unreadable 2,798 (72%) 1,067 (70%) 1,731 (73%)
    Normal_(<20/50) 837 (21%) 310 (20%) 527 (22%)
    OK_(20/50_to_20/200) 156 (4.0%) 85 (5.6%) 71 (3.0%)
va_cat_oph_right


<0.001
    Bad_(>20/200) 266 (6.8%) 260 (17%) 6 (0.3%)
    Missing_or_Unreadable 2,410 (62%) 79 (5.2%) 2,331 (98%)
    Normal_(<20/50) 1,056 (27%) 1,030 (67%) 26 (1.1%)
    OK_(20/50_to_20/200) 164 (4.2%) 160 (10%) 4 (0.2%)
va_cat_oph_left


<0.001
    Bad_(>20/200) 270 (6.9%) 262 (17%) 8 (0.3%)
    Missing_or_Unreadable 2,419 (62%) 87 (5.7%) 2,332 (99%)
    Normal_(<20/50) 1,045 (27%) 1,019 (67%) 26 (1.1%)
    OK_(20/50_to_20/200) 162 (4.2%) 161 (11%) 1 (<0.1%)
iop_by_ed_team_right 22 (13) 24 (13) 20 (12) 0.028
    Unknown 3,752 1,458 2,294
iop_by_ed_team_left 22 (13) 26 (15) 18 (10) <0.001
    Unknown 3,733 1,444 2,289
iop_by_ophthalmology_right 15.6 (8.6) 15.6 (8.7) 16.0 (4.8) 0.093
    Unknown 2,449 116 2,333
iop_by_ophthalmology_left 15.6 (8.3) 15.6 (8.3) 16.9 (8.2) 0.2
    Unknown 2,445 111 2,334
1 Mean (SD); n (%)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test