Study 3 Analysis

---

Full Data (62 Participants)

## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How impactful do you think
## a $250 donation is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.8064 -0.7903  0.2581  1.1936  1.2581 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   5.74194    0.23959   23.96   <2e-16 ***
## conditionmax  0.06452    0.33884    0.19     0.85    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.334 on 60 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0006039,  Adjusted R-squared:  -0.01605 
## F-statistic: 0.03625 on 1 and 60 DF,  p-value: 0.8496
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much do you feel a $250 donation
## would make a difference? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.4839 -0.5806  0.4194  1.4194  1.5161 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   5.48387    0.26365   20.80   <2e-16 ***
## conditionmax  0.09677    0.37286    0.26    0.796    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.468 on 60 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.001121,   Adjusted R-squared:  -0.01553 
## F-statistic: 0.06737 on 1 and 60 DF,  p-value: 0.7961
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How effective do you think Feed the
## Children is at reducing hunger? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.1613 -1.0726  0.1935  0.8387  2.1936 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    4.8065     0.2465  19.498   <2e-16 ***
## conditionmax   0.3548     0.3486   1.018    0.313    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.373 on 60 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.01697,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.0005891 
## F-statistic: 1.036 on 1 and 60 DF,  p-value: 0.3128
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How trustworthy do you think
## Feed the Children is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -2.12903 -0.90323  0.09677  0.87097  2.09677 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    4.9032     0.2024  24.226   <2e-16 ***
## conditionmax   0.2258     0.2862   0.789    0.433    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.127 on 60 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.01027,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.006229 
## F-statistic: 0.6224 on 1 and 60 DF,  p-value: 0.4333
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How credible do you find
## this claim? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -2.96774 -0.95161  0.09677  1.08065  2.03226 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   4.90323    0.22201  22.085   <2e-16 ***
## conditionmax  0.06452    0.31397   0.205    0.838    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.236 on 60 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0007032,  Adjusted R-squared:  -0.01595 
## F-statistic: 0.04222 on 1 and 60 DF,  p-value: 0.8379
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much would you like to donate
## to Feed the Children? ($0–$25) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -10.8065  -5.8065  -0.8065   5.7419  16.2581 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     8.742      1.518   5.757 3.12e-07 ***
## conditionmax    2.065      2.147   0.961     0.34    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 8.455 on 60 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.01517,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.001243 
## F-statistic: 0.9242 on 1 and 60 DF,  p-value: 0.3402

---

Attentional Sample (41 Participants)

## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How impactful do you think
## a $250 donation is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.0476 -0.7000  0.3000  0.9524  1.3000 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    5.7000     0.2845  20.032   <2e-16 ***
## conditionmax   0.3476     0.3976   0.874    0.387    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.273 on 39 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.01922,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.005924 
## F-statistic: 0.7644 on 1 and 39 DF,  p-value: 0.3873
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much do you feel a $250 donation
## would make a difference? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.8571 -0.8571  0.1429  1.1429  1.6500 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    5.3500     0.3062  17.473   <2e-16 ***
## conditionmax   0.5071     0.4278   1.185    0.243    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.369 on 39 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.03478,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.01003 
## F-statistic: 1.405 on 1 and 39 DF,  p-value: 0.243
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How effective do you think Feed the
## Children is at reducing hunger? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.1905 -1.1905  0.5500  0.8095  2.5500 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    4.4500     0.3166  14.055   <2e-16 ***
## conditionmax   0.7405     0.4424   1.674    0.102    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.416 on 39 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.06702,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.0431 
## F-statistic: 2.802 on 1 and 39 DF,  p-value: 0.1022
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How trustworthy do you think
## Feed the Children is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
##   -2.0   -0.7    0.0    1.0    2.0 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    4.7000     0.2270  20.703   <2e-16 ***
## conditionmax   0.3000     0.3172   0.946     0.35    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.015 on 39 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.02242,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.002646 
## F-statistic: 0.8944 on 1 and 39 DF,  p-value: 0.3501
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How credible do you find
## this claim? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.8571 -0.8571  0.1429  1.1429  2.1429 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    4.6000     0.2805  16.399   <2e-16 ***
## conditionmax   0.2571     0.3919   0.656    0.516    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.254 on 39 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.01092,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.01444 
## F-statistic: 0.4304 on 1 and 39 DF,  p-value: 0.5156
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much would you like to donate
## to Feed the Children? ($0–$25) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
## -9.714 -6.400 -1.400  3.600 18.600 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     6.400      1.791   3.574 0.000955 ***
## conditionmax    3.314      2.502   1.325 0.193008    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 8.008 on 39 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.04305,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.01852 
## F-statistic: 1.755 on 1 and 39 DF,  p-value: 0.193

---

Add donation importance and frequency as control

## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How impactful do you think
## a $250 donation is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.7000 -0.7000  0.3993  0.7368  1.6141 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   4.38584    0.71659   6.120 4.31e-07 ***
## conditionmax  0.08837    0.38773   0.228   0.8210    
## importance    0.37546    0.14434   2.601   0.0133 *  
## frequency    -0.18771    0.11054  -1.698   0.0979 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.196 on 37 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1785, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1119 
## F-statistic: 2.679 on 3 and 37 DF,  p-value: 0.06102
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much do you feel a $250 donation
## would make a difference? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.8347 -0.6829  0.5129  0.8973  2.3171 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    3.7631     0.7820   4.812 2.52e-05 ***
## conditionmax   0.2320     0.4231   0.548   0.5868    
## importance     0.3839     0.1575   2.437   0.0197 *  
## frequency     -0.1159     0.1206  -0.961   0.3429    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.305 on 37 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1685, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1011 
## F-statistic: 2.499 on 3 and 37 DF,  p-value: 0.07459
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How effective do you think Feed the
## Children is at reducing hunger? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.4232 -0.7065  0.3040  0.8701  1.9154 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    2.2429     0.7364   3.046 0.004261 ** 
## conditionmax   0.3387     0.3984   0.850 0.400795    
## importance     0.5689     0.1483   3.835 0.000472 ***
## frequency     -0.2170     0.1136  -1.910 0.063906 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.229 on 37 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.3334, Adjusted R-squared:  0.2794 
## F-statistic:  6.17 on 3 and 37 DF,  p-value: 0.001652
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How trustworthy do you think
## Feed the Children is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -1.5902 -0.8880 -0.1966  0.8507  2.0055 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   3.83412    0.60223   6.367 2.01e-07 ***
## conditionmax  0.15382    0.32585   0.472    0.640    
## importance    0.20215    0.12131   1.666    0.104    
## frequency    -0.05159    0.09290  -0.555    0.582    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.005 on 37 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.09143,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.01776 
## F-statistic: 1.241 on 3 and 37 DF,  p-value: 0.3087
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How credible do you find
## this claim? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.2589 -0.9689 -0.2467  0.8229  2.7179 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   3.07386    0.72186   4.258 0.000135 ***
## conditionmax  0.02265    0.39058   0.058 0.954074    
## importance    0.31380    0.14540   2.158 0.037477 *  
## frequency    -0.02319    0.11135  -0.208 0.836145    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.204 on 37 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1349, Adjusted R-squared:  0.06475 
## F-statistic: 1.923 on 3 and 37 DF,  p-value: 0.1428
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much would you like to donate
## to Feed the Children? ($0–$25) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -12.0287  -5.8336  -0.1895   2.8447  18.8075 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)  
## (Intercept)   -3.9996     4.5634  -0.876   0.3864  
## conditionmax   1.8793     2.4692   0.761   0.4514  
## importance     1.8391     0.9192   2.001   0.0528 .
## frequency      0.3187     0.7039   0.453   0.6533  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 7.614 on 37 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1792, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1126 
## F-statistic: 2.692 on 3 and 37 DF,  p-value: 0.06013

---

Add donation importance as control

## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How impactful do you think
## a $250 donation is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.9426 -0.4035  0.5965  0.7878  1.4530 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    4.3253     0.7332   5.899 7.83e-07 ***
## conditionmax   0.1435     0.3958   0.363   0.7189    
## importance     0.2696     0.1334   2.021   0.0503 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.225 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1144, Adjusted R-squared:  0.06782 
## F-statistic: 2.455 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.09936
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much do you feel a $250 donation
## would make a difference? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.9026 -0.6366  0.3634  1.0003  2.3188 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    3.7257     0.7802   4.775 2.67e-05 ***
## conditionmax   0.2660     0.4212   0.632   0.5315    
## importance     0.3185     0.1419   2.244   0.0307 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.303 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1477, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1029 
## F-statistic: 3.294 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.04795
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How effective do you think Feed the
## Children is at reducing hunger? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.4053 -0.7008  0.1482  1.0411  2.0411 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
## (Intercept)    2.1729     0.7607   2.857  0.00691 **
## conditionmax   0.4024     0.4106   0.980  0.33329   
## importance     0.4465     0.1384   3.227  0.00257 **
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.271 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.2677, Adjusted R-squared:  0.2292 
## F-statistic: 6.947 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.002684
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How trustworthy do you think
## Feed the Children is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -1.6786 -0.8557 -0.1978  0.8022  1.9753 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    3.8175     0.5960   6.405 1.59e-07 ***
## conditionmax   0.1690     0.3217   0.525    0.602    
## importance     0.1730     0.1084   1.596    0.119    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9957 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.08386,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.03564 
## F-statistic: 1.739 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.1894
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How credible do you find
## this claim? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.2987 -0.9685 -0.2008  0.8286  2.7013 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   3.06637    0.71183   4.308 0.000112 ***
## conditionmax  0.02946    0.38428   0.077 0.939290    
## importance    0.30071    0.12947   2.323 0.025652 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.189 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1339, Adjusted R-squared:  0.08829 
## F-statistic: 2.937 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.06517
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much would you like to donate
## to Feed the Children? ($0–$25) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -12.0217  -5.9648  -0.0217   2.8398  19.0352 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)  
## (Intercept)   -3.8967     4.5098  -0.864   0.3930  
## conditionmax   1.7856     2.4346   0.733   0.4678  
## importance     2.0190     0.8203   2.461   0.0185 *
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 7.534 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1746, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1312 
## F-statistic:  4.02 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.02608

---

Add donation frequency as control

## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How impactful do you think
## a $250 donation is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.1323 -0.7762  0.2238  0.9312  1.5412 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   5.90315    0.44669  13.215 8.71e-16 ***
## conditionmax  0.35608    0.40118   0.888    0.380    
## frequency    -0.06348    0.10698  -0.593    0.556    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.283 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.02823,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.02292 
## F-statistic: 0.5519 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.5804
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much do you feel a $250 donation
## would make a difference? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.8646 -0.8423  0.1354  1.1577  1.6634 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   5.31441    0.48282  11.007 2.22e-13 ***
## conditionmax  0.50566    0.43363   1.166    0.251    
## frequency     0.01112    0.11564   0.096    0.924    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.387 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.03501,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.01578 
## F-statistic: 0.6894 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.508
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How effective do you think Feed the
## Children is at reducing hunger? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.2288 -1.1713  0.5155  0.8287  2.5730 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   4.54194    0.49895   9.103 4.35e-11 ***
## conditionmax  0.74431    0.44812   1.661    0.105    
## frequency    -0.02873    0.11950  -0.240    0.811    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.433 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.06844,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.01941 
## F-statistic: 1.396 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.26
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How trustworthy do you think
## Feed the Children is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -2.01019 -0.75811  0.02039  0.98981  1.98981 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   4.65107    0.35789  12.996 1.47e-15 ***
## conditionmax  0.29796    0.32143   0.927    0.360    
## frequency     0.01529    0.08572   0.178    0.859    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.028 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.02324,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.02817 
## F-statistic: 0.452 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.6397
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How credible do you find
## this claim? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.9109 -0.7496  0.2504  1.0891  2.3310 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   4.34198    0.43900   9.891 4.63e-12 ***
## conditionmax  0.24639    0.39427   0.625    0.536    
## frequency     0.08063    0.10514   0.767    0.448    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.261 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.02599,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.02527 
## F-statistic: 0.507 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.6063
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much would you like to donate
## to Feed the Children? ($0–$25) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -10.3325  -5.2873  -0.3325   2.8131  20.6399 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)    3.4328     2.7534   1.247    0.220
## conditionmax   3.1907     2.4729   1.290    0.205
## frequency      0.9272     0.6594   1.406    0.168
## 
## Residual standard error: 7.91 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.09038,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.04251 
## F-statistic: 1.888 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.1653

Model 1: conditionmax + frequency control

Outcome	conditionmax β	p (condition)	frequency β	p (frequency)	R²
Impactful? (1–7)	0.356	0.380	−0.063	0.556	0.028
Make a difference? (1–7)	0.506	0.251	0.011	0.924	0.035
Effective at reducing hunger? (1–7)	0.744	0.105	−0.029	0.811	0.068
Trustworthy? (1–7)	0.298	0.360	0.015	0.859	0.023
Credible claim? (1–7)	0.246	0.536	0.081	0.448	0.026
Donation amount ($0–25)	3.191	0.205	0.927	0.168	0.090

df = 38 for all models

---

Model 2: conditionmax only (no frequency control)

Outcome	conditionmax β	p (condition)	R²	Δβ vs. Model 1
Impactful? (1–7)	0.348	0.387	0.019	−0.008
Make a difference? (1–7)	0.507	0.243	0.035	+0.001
Effective at reducing hunger? (1–7)	0.741	0.102	0.067	−0.003
Trustworthy? (1–7)	0.300	0.350	0.022	+0.002
Credible claim? (1–7)	0.257	0.516	0.011	+0.011
Donation amount ($0–25)	3.314	0.193	0.043	+0.123

df = 39 for all models

---

*Adding frequency as a control changed almost nothing.** The conditionmax coefficients are virtually identical across both models — the largest shift is just 0.12 in the donation outcome. Donation frequency is not confounding the condition effect.

Add age as moderator

## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How impactful do you think
## a $250 donation is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.0832 -0.7781  0.3923  0.9502  1.5615 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   5.06486    0.43605  11.615 4.54e-14 ***
## conditionmax  0.16922    0.39677   0.426   0.6722    
## age           0.03396    0.01806   1.880   0.0678 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.233 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1027, Adjusted R-squared:  0.05547 
## F-statistic: 2.175 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.1276
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much do you feel a $250 donation
## would make a difference? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.8927 -0.6724  0.3008  0.8432  1.9110 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   4.71602    0.47224   9.986 3.55e-12 ***
## conditionmax  0.32907    0.42970   0.766   0.4485    
## age           0.03390    0.01956   1.733   0.0912 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.335 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1055, Adjusted R-squared:  0.05839 
## F-statistic:  2.24 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.1203
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How effective do you think Feed the
## Children is at reducing hunger? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.2008 -1.0826  0.4485  0.8682  2.6258 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   4.26581    0.50579   8.434  3.1e-10 ***
## conditionmax  0.68874    0.46023   1.497    0.143    
## age           0.00985    0.02095   0.470    0.641    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.43 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.07242,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.0236 
## F-statistic: 1.483 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.2397
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How trustworthy do you think
## Feed the Children is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -2.01123 -0.77305  0.01178  0.93700  2.00603 
## 
## Coefficients:
##               Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   4.807565   0.363025  13.243 8.16e-16 ***
## conditionmax  0.330212   0.330325   1.000    0.324    
## age          -0.005752   0.015040  -0.382    0.704    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.027 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.02617,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.02509 
## F-statistic: 0.5106 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.6042
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How credible do you find
## this claim? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -2.87748 -0.83581 -0.02335  1.13293  2.28922 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   4.79483    0.44755  10.713 4.86e-13 ***
## conditionmax  0.31187    0.40724   0.766    0.449    
## age          -0.01042    0.01854  -0.562    0.577    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.266 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.01907,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.03256 
## F-statistic: 0.3693 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.6937
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much would you like to donate
## to Feed the Children? ($0–$25) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -10.516  -6.232  -1.305   4.119  18.256 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
## (Intercept)   7.76818    2.85460   2.721  0.00976 **
## conditionmax  3.69857    2.59747   1.424  0.16263   
## age          -0.07316    0.11826  -0.619  0.53982   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 8.072 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0526, Adjusted R-squared:  0.002732 
## F-statistic: 1.055 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.3582

Add gender as moderator

## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How impactful do you think
## a $250 donation is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.9185 -0.4330  0.1605  1.0815  1.5670 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    4.9474     0.6282   7.876 1.66e-09 ***
## conditionmax   0.4066     0.3960   1.027    0.311    
## gender         0.4855     0.3622   1.340    0.188    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.26 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0635, Adjusted R-squared:  0.01421 
## F-statistic: 1.288 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.2875
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much do you feel a $250 donation
## would make a difference? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.6291 -0.6291  0.3709  0.9427  1.9427 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    4.5251     0.6753   6.700 6.27e-08 ***
## conditionmax   0.5718     0.4258   1.343    0.187    
## gender         0.5322     0.3894   1.367    0.180    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.354 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.07999,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.03157 
## F-statistic: 1.652 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.2051
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How effective do you think Feed the
## Children is at reducing hunger? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.2140 -1.2140  0.5198  0.7860  2.5747 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   4.53514    0.71514   6.342 1.94e-07 ***
## conditionmax  0.73381    0.45086   1.628    0.112    
## gender       -0.05493    0.41239  -0.133    0.895    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.434 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.06746,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.01838 
## F-statistic: 1.374 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.2653
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How trustworthy do you think
## Feed the Children is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.1311 -0.8683  0.1317  0.8689  1.8689 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    5.1742     0.5056  10.233 1.79e-12 ***
## conditionmax   0.2628     0.3188   0.825    0.415    
## gender        -0.3060     0.2916  -1.049    0.301    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.014 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.04995,    Adjusted R-squared:  -5.307e-05 
## F-statistic: 0.9989 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.3777
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How credible do you find
## this claim? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -2.93916 -0.74778  0.06084  1.06084  2.25222 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    4.8966     0.6314   7.755  2.4e-09 ***
## conditionmax   0.2339     0.3981   0.588    0.560    
## gender        -0.1914     0.3641  -0.526    0.602    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.266 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.01805,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.03363 
## F-statistic: 0.3493 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.7074
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much would you like to donate
## to Feed the Children? ($0–$25) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -10.3816  -5.6994  -0.6994   4.6184  17.7437 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)  
## (Intercept)     8.813      4.022   2.191   0.0346 *
## conditionmax    3.125      2.536   1.233   0.2253  
## gender         -1.557      2.319  -0.671   0.5061  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 8.065 on 38 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.05427,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.004495 
## F-statistic:  1.09 on 2 and 38 DF,  p-value: 0.3464

Add income as moderator

## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How impactful do you think
## a $250 donation is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.1040 -0.6653  0.3328  0.9524  1.5511 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)           6.5407     0.5815  11.249 1.69e-13 ***
## conditionmax         -1.0666     0.7830  -1.362   0.1814    
## income               -0.2184     0.1329  -1.643   0.1088    
## conditionmax:income   0.4095     0.2003   2.044   0.0481 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.236 on 37 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1219, Adjusted R-squared:  0.05072 
## F-statistic: 1.712 on 3 and 37 DF,  p-value: 0.1812
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much do you feel a $250 donation
## would make a difference? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.7395 -0.8787  0.2709  1.1429  1.8221 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)           5.9261     0.6481   9.144 4.97e-11 ***
## conditionmax         -0.4219     0.8728  -0.483    0.632    
## income               -0.1496     0.1481  -1.010    0.319    
## conditionmax:income   0.2673     0.2233   1.197    0.239    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.378 on 37 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.07278,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.002401 
## F-statistic: 0.9681 on 3 and 37 DF,  p-value: 0.4181
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How effective do you think Feed the
## Children is at reducing hunger? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.2493 -1.1317  0.4720  0.8095  2.5563 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)          4.61236    0.68286   6.755 6.03e-08 ***
## conditionmax         0.66635    0.91955   0.725    0.473    
## income              -0.04217    0.15604  -0.270    0.788    
## conditionmax:income  0.01276    0.23525   0.054    0.957    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.452 on 37 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.06956,    Adjusted R-squared:  -0.00588 
## F-statistic: 0.9221 on 3 and 37 DF,  p-value: 0.4397
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How trustworthy do you think
## Feed the Children is? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -1.6482 -0.7834  0.2166  0.7794  1.7794 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)          4.87348    0.46857  10.401 1.56e-12 ***
## conditionmax         0.78828    0.63099   1.249    0.219    
## income              -0.04506    0.10708  -0.421    0.676    
## conditionmax:income -0.17553    0.16142  -1.087    0.284    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9961 on 37 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1072, Adjusted R-squared:  0.03476 
## F-statistic:  1.48 on 3 and 37 DF,  p-value: 0.2358
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How credible do you find
## this claim? (1–7) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.6505 -0.6219  0.2617  0.8340  1.8340 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)          4.43096    0.57203   7.746 2.94e-09 ***
## conditionmax         1.35265    0.77031   1.756   0.0874 .  
## income               0.04391    0.13072   0.336   0.7389    
## conditionmax:income -0.35273    0.19707  -1.790   0.0817 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.216 on 37 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1181, Adjusted R-squared:  0.04662 
## F-statistic: 1.652 on 3 and 37 DF,  p-value: 0.1941
## 
## 
## 
## ---
## **Question:**  How much would you like to donate
## to Feed the Children? ($0–$25) 
## 
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = formula, data = data_filtered)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -12.126  -5.317  -1.603   3.828  15.889 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
## (Intercept)           12.263      3.689   3.324  0.00201 **
## conditionmax          -4.357      4.968  -0.877  0.38606   
## income                -1.523      0.843  -1.806  0.07898 . 
## conditionmax:income    2.126      1.271   1.673  0.10282   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 7.842 on 37 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1293, Adjusted R-squared:  0.05871 
## F-statistic: 1.832 on 3 and 37 DF,  p-value: 0.1583

Significant / Trend-level Results

1. Impact of $250 donation (Impactfulness)

• Interaction: conditionmax × income
  • Estimate = 0.410, p = 0.048 → significant
    
  • Interpretation: The effect of conditionmax on perceived impact depends on income. For higher-income participants, the negative effect of conditionmax is smaller or may even reverse.
    
• Main effects: Not significant (conditionmax p = 0.181, income p = 0.109)

2. Credibility of claim

• conditionmax: Estimate = 1.353, p = 0.087 → trend-level
  
• conditionmax × income: Estimate = -0.353, p = 0.082 → trend-level
  
• Interpretation:
  • conditionmax tends to increase perceived credibility overall (trend).
    
  • The positive effect of conditionmax is weaker for higher-income participants (negative interaction trend).

3. Donation amount ($0–$25)

• income: Estimate = -1.523, p = 0.079 → trend-level
  
• Interpretation: Higher-income participants tend to donate slightly less (trend).
  
• Other effects (conditionmax, interaction) are not significant.