NOAA 风暴数据分析：对人群健康和经济的影响
Your Name
2026-03-09
概要
本报告分析美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的风暴数据库，旨在回答两个关键问题：（1）哪些类型的事件对人群健康危害最大？（2）哪些类型的事件造成的经济后果最大？分析发现，龙卷风（TORNADO）是造成最多伤亡的事件，对人群健康危害最大；而洪水（FLOOD）造成的经济总损失最高，其次是飓风/台风（HURRICANE/TYPHOON）。这些发现可为灾害应急准备和资源分配提供参考。
数据处理
数据加载
# 读取压缩的CSV文件
storm_data <- read.csv(bzfile("repdata_data_StormData (1).csv.bz2"))
# 查看数据结构
dim(storm_data)## [1] 902297 37names(storm_data)## [1] "STATE__" "BGN_DATE" "BGN_TIME" "TIME_ZONE" "COUNTY" "COUNTYNAME" "STATE"
## [8] "EVTYPE" "BGN_RANGE" "BGN_AZI" "BGN_LOCATI" "END_DATE" "END_TIME" "COUNTY_END"
## [15] "COUNTYENDN" "END_RANGE" "END_AZI" "END_LOCATI" "LENGTH" "WIDTH" "F"
## [22] "MAG" "FATALITIES" "INJURIES" "PROPDMG" "PROPDMGEXP" "CROPDMG" "CROPDMGEXP"
## [29] "WFO" "STATEOFFIC" "ZONENAMES" "LATITUDE" "LONGITUDE" "LATITUDE_E" "LONGITUDE_"
## [36] "REMARKS" "REFNUM"head(storm_data)## STATE__ BGN_DATE BGN_TIME TIME_ZONE COUNTY COUNTYNAME STATE EVTYPE BGN_RANGE BGN_AZI
## 1 1 4/18/1950 0:00:00 0130 CST 97 MOBILE AL TORNADO 0
## 2 1 4/18/1950 0:00:00 0145 CST 3 BALDWIN AL TORNADO 0
## 3 1 2/20/1951 0:00:00 1600 CST 57 FAYETTE AL TORNADO 0
## 4 1 6/8/1951 0:00:00 0900 CST 89 MADISON AL TORNADO 0
## 5 1 11/15/1951 0:00:00 1500 CST 43 CULLMAN AL TORNADO 0
## 6 1 11/15/1951 0:00:00 2000 CST 77 LAUDERDALE AL TORNADO 0
## BGN_LOCATI END_DATE END_TIME COUNTY_END COUNTYENDN END_RANGE END_AZI END_LOCATI LENGTH WIDTH F MAG
## 1 0 NA 0 14.0 100 3 0
## 2 0 NA 0 2.0 150 2 0
## 3 0 NA 0 0.1 123 2 0
## 4 0 NA 0 0.0 100 2 0
## 5 0 NA 0 0.0 150 2 0
## 6 0 NA 0 1.5 177 2 0
## FATALITIES INJURIES PROPDMG PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP WFO STATEOFFIC ZONENAMES LATITUDE LONGITUDE
## 1 0 15 25.0 K 0 3040 8812
## 2 0 0 2.5 K 0 3042 8755
## 3 0 2 25.0 K 0 3340 8742
## 4 0 2 2.5 K 0 3458 8626
## 5 0 2 2.5 K 0 3412 8642
## 6 0 6 2.5 K 0 3450 8748
## LATITUDE_E LONGITUDE_ REMARKS REFNUM
## 1 3051 8806 1
## 2 0 0 2
## 3 0 0 3
## 4 0 0 4
## 5 0 0 5
## 6 0 0 6数据预处理
# 选择需要的列
storm_subset <- storm_data %>%
select(EVTYPE, FATALITIES, INJURIES, PROPDMG, PROPDMGEXP, CROPDMG, CROPDMGEXP)
# 查看事件类型分布
table(storm_subset$EVTYPE)##
## HIGH SURF ADVISORY COASTAL FLOOD FLASH FLOOD
## 1 1 1
## LIGHTNING TSTM WIND TSTM WIND (G45)
## 1 4 1
## WATERSPOUT WIND ?
## 1 1 1
## ABNORMAL WARMTH ABNORMALLY DRY ABNORMALLY WET
## 4 2 1
## ACCUMULATED SNOWFALL AGRICULTURAL FREEZE APACHE COUNTY
## 4 6 1
## ASTRONOMICAL HIGH TIDE ASTRONOMICAL LOW TIDE AVALANCE
## 103 174 1
## AVALANCHE BEACH EROSIN Beach Erosion
## 386 1 1
## BEACH EROSION BEACH EROSION/COASTAL FLOOD BEACH FLOOD
## 3 1 2
## BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION BITTER WIND CHILL BITTER WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES
## 2 1 3
## Black Ice BLACK ICE BLIZZARD
## 3 14 2719
## BLIZZARD AND EXTREME WIND CHIL BLIZZARD AND HEAVY SNOW Blizzard Summary
## 2 1 1
## BLIZZARD WEATHER BLIZZARD/FREEZING RAIN BLIZZARD/HEAVY SNOW
## 1 1 2
## BLIZZARD/HIGH WIND BLIZZARD/WINTER STORM BLOW-OUT TIDE
## 1 1 1
## BLOW-OUT TIDES BLOWING DUST blowing snow
## 1 4 2
## Blowing Snow BLOWING SNOW BLOWING SNOW & EXTREME WIND CH
## 3 12 2
## BLOWING SNOW- EXTREME WIND CHI BLOWING SNOW/EXTREME WIND CHIL BREAKUP FLOODING
## 1 1 1
## BRUSH FIRE BRUSH FIRES COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION
## 3 1 1
## COASTAL EROSION Coastal Flood COASTAL FLOOD
## 1 6 650
## coastal flooding Coastal Flooding COASTAL FLOODING
## 2 38 143
## COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION Coastal Storm COASTAL STORM
## 5 2 8
## COASTAL SURGE COASTAL/TIDAL FLOOD COASTALFLOOD
## 2 2 1
## COASTALSTORM Cold COLD
## 1 10 72
## COLD AIR FUNNEL COLD AIR FUNNELS COLD AIR TORNADO
## 4 2 1
## Cold and Frost COLD AND FROST COLD AND SNOW
## 6 1 1
## COLD AND WET CONDITIONS Cold Temperature COLD TEMPERATURES
## 1 2 4
## COLD WAVE COLD WEATHER COLD WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES
## 3 4 6
## COLD/WIND CHILL COLD/WINDS COOL AND WET
## 539 1 1
## COOL SPELL CSTL FLOODING/EROSION DAM BREAK
## 1 2 4
## DAM FAILURE Damaging Freeze DAMAGING FREEZE
## 1 2 6
## DEEP HAIL DENSE FOG DENSE SMOKE
## 1 1293 10
## DOWNBURST DOWNBURST WINDS DRIEST MONTH
## 2 2 1
## Drifting Snow DROUGHT DROUGHT/EXCESSIVE HEAT
## 1 2488 13
## DROWNING DRY DRY CONDITIONS
## 1 9 6
## DRY HOT WEATHER DRY MICROBURST DRY MICROBURST 50
## 1 186 1
## DRY MICROBURST 53 DRY MICROBURST 58 DRY MICROBURST 61
## 1 2 1
## DRY MICROBURST 84 DRY MICROBURST WINDS DRY MIRCOBURST WINDS
## 1 5 1
## DRY PATTERN DRY SPELL DRY WEATHER
## 1 4 4
## DRYNESS DUST DEVEL Dust Devil
## 1 1 8
## DUST DEVIL DUST DEVIL WATERSPOUT DUST STORM
## 141 1 427
## DUST STORM/HIGH WINDS DUSTSTORM EARLY FREEZE
## 1 1 1
## Early Frost EARLY FROST EARLY RAIN
## 1 1 1
## EARLY SNOW Early snowfall EARLY SNOWFALL
## 3 2 5
## Erosion/Cstl Flood EXCESSIVE Excessive Cold
## 2 1 2
## EXCESSIVE HEAT EXCESSIVE HEAT/DROUGHT EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION
## 1678 1 1
## EXCESSIVE RAIN EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXCESSIVE SNOW
## 5 4 25
## EXCESSIVE WETNESS EXCESSIVELY DRY Extended Cold
## 1 1 1
## Extreme Cold EXTREME COLD EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL
## 2 655 1002
## EXTREME HEAT EXTREME WIND CHILL EXTREME WIND CHILL/BLOWING SNO
## 22 6 1
## EXTREME WIND CHILLS EXTREME WINDCHILL EXTREME WINDCHILL TEMPERATURES
## 1 204 19
## EXTREME/RECORD COLD EXTREMELY WET FALLING SNOW/ICE
## 4 1 2
## FIRST FROST FIRST SNOW FLASH FLOOD
## 1 9 54277
## FLASH FLOOD - HEAVY RAIN FLASH FLOOD FROM ICE JAMS FLASH FLOOD LANDSLIDES
## 2 5 1
## FLASH FLOOD WINDS FLASH FLOOD/ FLASH FLOOD/ FLOOD
## 1 1 2
## FLASH FLOOD/ STREET FLASH FLOOD/FLOOD FLASH FLOOD/HEAVY RAIN
## 1 22 1
## FLASH FLOOD/LANDSLIDE FLASH FLOODING FLASH FLOODING/FLOOD
## 1 682 8
## FLASH FLOODING/THUNDERSTORM WI FLASH FLOODS FLASH FLOOODING
## 1 32 1
## Flood FLOOD FLOOD & HEAVY RAIN
## 1 25326 2
## FLOOD FLASH FLOOD FLOOD/FLASH FLOOD WATCH/
## 3 1 1
## FLOOD/FLASH Flood/Flash Flood FLOOD/FLASH FLOOD
## 2 1 624
## FLOOD/FLASH FLOODING FLOOD/FLASH/FLOOD FLOOD/FLASHFLOOD
## 2 1 1
## FLOOD/RAIN/WIND FLOOD/RAIN/WINDS FLOOD/RIVER FLOOD
## 1 6 1
## Flood/Strong Wind FLOODING FLOODING/HEAVY RAIN
## 1 120 1
## FLOODS FOG FOG AND COLD TEMPERATURES
## 3 538 1
## FOREST FIRES Freeze FREEZE
## 1 2 74
## Freezing drizzle Freezing Drizzle FREEZING DRIZZLE
## 1 3 20
## FREEZING DRIZZLE AND FREEZING Freezing Fog FREEZING FOG
## 1 1 45
## Freezing rain Freezing Rain FREEZING RAIN
## 3 7 250
## FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET FREEZING RAIN AND SNOW FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND
## 6 1 1
## FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND LIGHT FREEZING RAIN/SLEET FREEZING RAIN/SNOW
## 1 9 4
## Freezing Spray Frost FROST
## 1 4 53
## Frost/Freeze FROST/FREEZE FROST\\FREEZE
## 1 1342 1
## FUNNEL Funnel Cloud FUNNEL CLOUD
## 46 5 6839
## FUNNEL CLOUD. FUNNEL CLOUD/HAIL FUNNEL CLOUDS
## 1 1 87
## FUNNELS Glaze GLAZE
## 1 11 32
## GLAZE ICE GLAZE/ICE STORM gradient wind
## 2 1 2
## Gradient wind GRADIENT WIND GRADIENT WINDS
## 4 3 8
## GRASS FIRES GROUND BLIZZARD GUSTNADO
## 1 2 6
## GUSTNADO AND GUSTY LAKE WIND GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WIND
## 1 1 3
## GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WINDS Gusty Wind GUSTY WIND
## 5 1 23
## GUSTY WIND/HAIL GUSTY WIND/HVY RAIN Gusty wind/rain
## 1 1 1
## Gusty winds Gusty Winds GUSTY WINDS
## 2 10 53
## HAIL HAIL 0.75 HAIL 0.88
## 288661 18 1
## HAIL 075 HAIL 088 HAIL 1.00
## 1 1 6
## HAIL 1.75 HAIL 1.75) HAIL 100
## 4 1 13
## HAIL 125 HAIL 150 HAIL 175
## 1 2 13
## HAIL 200 HAIL 225 HAIL 275
## 1 1 3
## HAIL 450 HAIL 75 HAIL 80
## 1 29 2
## HAIL 88 HAIL ALOFT HAIL DAMAGE
## 1 1 2
## HAIL FLOODING HAIL STORM Hail(0.75)
## 1 1 1
## HAIL/ICY ROADS HAIL/WIND HAIL/WINDS
## 1 3 2
## HAILSTORM HAILSTORMS HARD FREEZE
## 3 1 7
## HAZARDOUS SURF HEAT HEAT DROUGHT
## 1 767 1
## Heat Wave HEAT WAVE HEAT WAVE DROUGHT
## 1 74 1
## HEAT WAVES HEAT/DROUGHT Heatburst
## 2 1 1
## HEAVY LAKE SNOW HEAVY MIX HEAVY PRECIPATATION
## 25 8 1
## Heavy Precipitation HEAVY PRECIPITATION Heavy rain
## 2 1 3
## Heavy Rain HEAVY RAIN HEAVY RAIN AND FLOOD
## 16 11723 1
## Heavy Rain and Wind HEAVY RAIN EFFECTS HEAVY RAIN; URBAN FLOOD WINDS;
## 4 1 1
## HEAVY RAIN/FLOODING Heavy Rain/High Surf HEAVY RAIN/LIGHTNING
## 2 1 1
## HEAVY RAIN/MUDSLIDES/FLOOD HEAVY RAIN/SEVERE WEATHER HEAVY RAIN/SMALL STREAM URBAN
## 1 2 1
## HEAVY RAIN/SNOW HEAVY RAIN/URBAN FLOOD HEAVY RAIN/WIND
## 1 1 4
## HEAVY RAINFALL HEAVY RAINS HEAVY RAINS/FLOODING
## 3 26 9
## HEAVY SEAS HEAVY SHOWER HEAVY SHOWERS
## 2 2 1
## HEAVY SNOW HEAVY SNOW FREEZING RAIN HEAVY SNOW & ICE
## 15708 1 1
## HEAVY SNOW AND HEAVY SNOW AND HIGH WINDS HEAVY SNOW AND ICE
## 1 2 2
## HEAVY SNOW AND ICE STORM HEAVY SNOW AND STRONG WINDS HEAVY SNOW ANDBLOWING SNOW
## 2 1 1
## Heavy snow shower HEAVY SNOW SQUALLS HEAVY SNOW-SQUALLS
## 1 32 15
## HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD/AVALANCHE HEAVY SNOW/BLOWING SNOW
## 3 1 1
## HEAVY SNOW/FREEZING RAIN HEAVY SNOW/HIGH HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WIND
## 2 1 1
## HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS & FLOOD HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS/FREEZING
## 1 1 1
## HEAVY SNOW/ICE HEAVY SNOW/ICE STORM HEAVY SNOW/SLEET
## 5 2 1
## HEAVY SNOW/SQUALLS HEAVY SNOW/WIND HEAVY SNOW/WINTER STORM
## 2 1 1
## HEAVY SNOWPACK Heavy Surf HEAVY SURF
## 1 3 84
## Heavy surf and wind HEAVY SURF COASTAL FLOODING HEAVY SURF/HIGH SURF
## 1 1 228
## HEAVY SWELLS HEAVY WET SNOW HIGH
## 1 1 1
## HIGH SWELLS HIGH WINDS HIGH SEAS
## 1 1 8
## High Surf HIGH SURF HIGH SURF ADVISORIES
## 9 725 1
## HIGH SURF ADVISORY HIGH SWELLS HIGH TEMPERATURE RECORD
## 4 5 3
## HIGH TIDES HIGH WATER HIGH WAVES
## 2 6 3
## High Wind HIGH WIND HIGH WIND (G40)
## 2 20212 2
## HIGH WIND 48 HIGH WIND 63 HIGH WIND 70
## 1 1 1
## HIGH WIND AND HEAVY SNOW HIGH WIND AND HIGH TIDES HIGH WIND AND SEAS
## 1 2 1
## HIGH WIND DAMAGE HIGH WIND/ BLIZZARD HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD
## 2 1 6
## HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD/FREEZING RA HIGH WIND/HEAVY SNOW HIGH WIND/LOW WIND CHILL
## 1 3 1
## HIGH WIND/SEAS HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL/BLIZZARD
## 1 1 1
## HIGH WINDS HIGH WINDS 55 HIGH WINDS 57
## 1533 1 1
## HIGH WINDS 58 HIGH WINDS 63 HIGH WINDS 66
## 1 2 2
## HIGH WINDS 67 HIGH WINDS 73 HIGH WINDS 76
## 1 1 1
## HIGH WINDS 80 HIGH WINDS 82 HIGH WINDS AND WIND CHILL
## 2 1 1
## HIGH WINDS DUST STORM HIGH WINDS HEAVY RAINS HIGH WINDS/
## 1 1 1
## HIGH WINDS/COASTAL FLOOD HIGH WINDS/COLD HIGH WINDS/FLOODING
## 1 5 1
## HIGH WINDS/HEAVY RAIN HIGH WINDS/SNOW HIGHWAY FLOODING
## 1 3 1
## Hot and Dry HOT PATTERN HOT SPELL
## 2 1 2
## HOT WEATHER HOT/DRY PATTERN HURRICANE
## 1 1 174
## Hurricane Edouard HURRICANE EMILY HURRICANE ERIN
## 2 1 7
## HURRICANE FELIX HURRICANE GORDON HURRICANE OPAL
## 2 1 9
## HURRICANE OPAL/HIGH WINDS HURRICANE-GENERATED SWELLS HURRICANE/TYPHOON
## 1 3 88
## HVY RAIN HYPERTHERMIA/EXPOSURE HYPOTHERMIA
## 2 1 1
## Hypothermia/Exposure HYPOTHERMIA/EXPOSURE ICE
## 3 3 61
## ICE AND SNOW ICE FLOES Ice Fog
## 1 2 2
## ICE JAM Ice jam flood (minor ICE JAM FLOODING
## 4 1 5
## ICE ON ROAD ICE PELLETS ICE ROADS
## 1 1 1
## ICE STORM ICE STORM AND SNOW ICE STORM/FLASH FLOOD
## 2006 1 1
## Ice/Snow ICE/SNOW ICE/STRONG WINDS
## 2 3 1
## Icestorm/Blizzard Icy Roads ICY ROADS
## 1 4 28
## LACK OF SNOW Lake Effect Snow LAKE EFFECT SNOW
## 1 2 21
## LAKE FLOOD LAKE-EFFECT SNOW LAKESHORE FLOOD
## 1 636 23
## LANDSLIDE LANDSLIDE/URBAN FLOOD LANDSLIDES
## 600 1 8
## Landslump LANDSLUMP LANDSPOUT
## 1 1 2
## LARGE WALL CLOUD LATE FREEZE LATE SEASON HAIL
## 1 1 1
## LATE SEASON SNOW Late Season Snowfall LATE SNOW
## 1 2 2
## Late-season Snowfall LIGHT FREEZING RAIN Light snow
## 1 23 1
## Light Snow LIGHT SNOW LIGHT SNOW AND SLEET
## 21 154 2
## Light Snow/Flurries LIGHT SNOW/FREEZING PRECIP Light Snowfall
## 3 1 1
## LIGHTING LIGHTNING LIGHTNING WAUSEON
## 3 15754 1
## LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAIN LIGHTNING AND THUNDERSTORM WIN LIGHTNING AND WINDS
## 1 1 1
## LIGHTNING DAMAGE LIGHTNING FIRE LIGHTNING INJURY
## 1 1 1
## LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDSS LIGHTNING.
## 1 1 1
## LIGHTNING/HEAVY RAIN LIGNTNING LOCAL FLASH FLOOD
## 1 1 1
## LOCAL FLOOD LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN LOW TEMPERATURE
## 1 1 7
## LOW TEMPERATURE RECORD LOW WIND CHILL MAJOR FLOOD
## 1 1 3
## Marine Accident MARINE HAIL MARINE HIGH WIND
## 1 442 135
## MARINE MISHAP MARINE STRONG WIND MARINE THUNDERSTORM WIND
## 2 48 5812
## MARINE TSTM WIND Metro Storm, May 26 Microburst
## 6175 1 4
## MICROBURST MICROBURST WINDS Mild and Dry Pattern
## 5 5 1
## MILD PATTERN MILD/DRY PATTERN MINOR FLOOD
## 1 1 1
## Minor Flooding MINOR FLOODING MIXED PRECIP
## 1 3 10
## Mixed Precipitation MIXED PRECIPITATION MODERATE SNOW
## 3 34 1
## MODERATE SNOWFALL MONTHLY PRECIPITATION Monthly Rainfall
## 101 36 2
## MONTHLY RAINFALL Monthly Snowfall MONTHLY SNOWFALL
## 11 1 1
## MONTHLY TEMPERATURE Mountain Snows MUD SLIDE
## 4 1 7
## MUD SLIDES MUD SLIDES URBAN FLOODING MUD/ROCK SLIDE
## 1 1 1
## Mudslide MUDSLIDE MUDSLIDE/LANDSLIDE
## 8 9 1
## Mudslides MUDSLIDES NEAR RECORD SNOW
## 5 4 1
## No Severe Weather NON SEVERE HAIL NON TSTM WIND
## 1 7 2
## NON-SEVERE WIND DAMAGE NON-TSTM WIND NONE
## 1 1 2
## NORMAL PRECIPITATION NORTHERN LIGHTS Other
## 3 1 4
## OTHER PATCHY DENSE FOG PATCHY ICE
## 48 3 1
## Prolong Cold PROLONG COLD PROLONG COLD/SNOW
## 5 17 1
## PROLONG WARMTH PROLONGED RAIN RAIN
## 4 4 16
## RAIN (HEAVY) RAIN AND WIND Rain Damage
## 1 1 1
## RAIN/SNOW RAIN/WIND RAINSTORM
## 5 1 1
## RAPIDLY RISING WATER RECORD COLD Record Cold
## 1 1 3
## RECORD COLD RECORD COLD AND HIGH WIND RECORD COLD/FROST
## 64 1 2
## RECORD COOL Record dry month RECORD DRYNESS
## 5 1 2
## Record Heat RECORD HEAT RECORD HEAT WAVE
## 1 81 1
## Record High RECORD HIGH RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURE
## 2 5 3
## RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES RECORD LOW RECORD LOW RAINFALL
## 1 4 2
## Record May Snow RECORD PRECIPITATION RECORD RAINFALL
## 1 1 14
## RECORD SNOW RECORD SNOW/COLD RECORD SNOWFALL
## 8 1 6
## Record temperature RECORD TEMPERATURE Record Temperatures
## 11 5 2
## RECORD TEMPERATURES RECORD WARM RECORD WARM TEMPS.
## 3 1 1
## Record Warmth RECORD WARMTH Record Winter Snow
## 8 146 3
## RECORD/EXCESSIVE HEAT RECORD/EXCESSIVE RAINFALL RED FLAG CRITERIA
## 3 1 2
## RED FLAG FIRE WX REMNANTS OF FLOYD RIP CURRENT
## 2 2 470
## RIP CURRENTS RIP CURRENTS HEAVY SURF RIP CURRENTS/HEAVY SURF
## 304 1 2
## RIVER AND STREAM FLOOD RIVER FLOOD River Flooding
## 2 173 5
## RIVER FLOODING ROCK SLIDE ROGUE WAVE
## 24 2 1
## ROTATING WALL CLOUD ROUGH SEAS ROUGH SURF
## 5 3 4
## RURAL FLOOD Saharan Dust SAHARAN DUST
## 2 2 2
## Seasonal Snowfall SEICHE SEVERE COLD
## 1 21 1
## SEVERE THUNDERSTORM SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WINDS SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
## 13 5 23
## SEVERE TURBULENCE SLEET SLEET & FREEZING RAIN
## 1 59 1
## SLEET STORM SLEET/FREEZING RAIN SLEET/ICE STORM
## 12 2 1
## SLEET/RAIN/SNOW SLEET/SNOW small hail
## 1 2 5
## Small Hail SMALL HAIL SMALL STREAM
## 1 47 1
## SMALL STREAM AND SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOOD SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOODIN
## 1 2 1
## SMALL STREAM FLOOD SMALL STREAM FLOODING SMALL STREAM URBAN FLOOD
## 7 4 1
## SMALL STREAM/URBAN FLOOD Sml Stream Fld SMOKE
## 5 2 11
## Snow SNOW Snow Accumulation
## 30 587 1
## SNOW ACCUMULATION SNOW ADVISORY SNOW AND COLD
## 1 1 2
## SNOW AND HEAVY SNOW Snow and Ice SNOW AND ICE
## 2 1 33
## SNOW AND ICE STORM Snow and sleet SNOW AND SLEET
## 1 1 4
## SNOW AND WIND SNOW DROUGHT SNOW FREEZING RAIN
## 1 7 11
## SNOW SHOWERS SNOW SLEET SNOW SQUALL
## 6 1 19
## Snow squalls Snow Squalls SNOW SQUALLS
## 1 4 17
## SNOW- HIGH WIND- WIND CHILL SNOW/ BITTER COLD SNOW/ ICE
## 1 1 1
## SNOW/BLOWING SNOW SNOW/COLD SNOW/FREEZING RAIN
## 7 2 6
## SNOW/HEAVY SNOW SNOW/HIGH WINDS SNOW/ICE
## 1 2 7
## SNOW/ICE STORM SNOW/RAIN SNOW/RAIN/SLEET
## 17 1 1
## SNOW/SLEET SNOW/SLEET/FREEZING RAIN SNOW/SLEET/RAIN
## 10 6 1
## SNOW\\COLD SNOWFALL RECORD SNOWMELT FLOODING
## 1 1 5
## SNOWSTORM SOUTHEAST STORM FORCE WINDS
## 1 1 1
## STORM SURGE STORM SURGE/TIDE STREAM FLOODING
## 261 148 1
## STREET FLOOD STREET FLOODING Strong Wind
## 3 3 3
## STRONG WIND STRONG WIND GUST Strong winds
## 3566 2 1
## Strong Winds STRONG WINDS Summary August 10
## 7 196 2
## Summary August 11 Summary August 17 Summary August 2-3
## 2 1 1
## Summary August 21 Summary August 28 Summary August 4
## 1 1 1
## Summary August 7 Summary August 9 Summary Jan 17
## 1 1 1
## Summary July 23-24 Summary June 18-19 Summary June 5-6
## 1 1 1
## Summary June 6 Summary of April 12 Summary of April 13
## 1 2 1
## Summary of April 21 Summary of April 27 Summary of April 3rd
## 2 1 1
## Summary of August 1 Summary of July 11 Summary of July 2
## 1 1 1
## Summary of July 22 Summary of July 26 Summary of July 29
## 1 1 1
## Summary of July 3 Summary of June 10 Summary of June 11
## 1 1 1
## Summary of June 12 Summary of June 13 Summary of June 15
## 1 2 1
## Summary of June 16 Summary of June 18 Summary of June 23
## 1 1 1
## Summary of June 24 Summary of June 3 Summary of June 30
## 1 2 1
## Summary of June 4 Summary of June 6 Summary of March 14
## 1 1 1
## Summary of March 23 Summary of March 24 SUMMARY OF MARCH 24-25
## 2 1 1
## SUMMARY OF MARCH 27 SUMMARY OF MARCH 29 Summary of May 10
## 1 1 1
## Summary of May 13 Summary of May 14 Summary of May 22
## 1 1 1
## Summary of May 22 am Summary of May 22 pm Summary of May 26 am
## 1 1 1
## Summary of May 26 pm Summary of May 31 am Summary of May 31 pm
## 1 1 1
## Summary of May 9-10 Summary Sept. 25-26 Summary September 20
## 1 1 1
## Summary September 23 Summary September 3 Summary September 4
## 2 1 1
## Summary: Nov. 16 Summary: Nov. 6-7 Summary: Oct. 20-21
## 2 1 1
## Summary: October 31 Summary: Sept. 18 Temperature record
## 1 1 43
## THUDERSTORM WINDS THUNDEERSTORM WINDS THUNDERESTORM WINDS
## 2 2 1
## THUNDERSNOW Thundersnow shower THUNDERSTORM
## 1 1 45
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE TO
## 7 2 1
## THUNDERSTORM HAIL THUNDERSTORM W INDS Thunderstorm Wind
## 1 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND THUNDERSTORM WIND (G40) THUNDERSTORM WIND 50
## 82563 1 2
## THUNDERSTORM WIND 52 THUNDERSTORM WIND 56 THUNDERSTORM WIND 59
## 1 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH. THUNDERSTORM WIND 60 MPH
## 1 1 4
## THUNDERSTORM WIND 65 MPH THUNDERSTORM WIND 65MPH THUNDERSTORM WIND 69
## 1 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND 98 MPH THUNDERSTORM WIND G50 THUNDERSTORM WIND G51
## 1 4 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND G52 THUNDERSTORM WIND G55 THUNDERSTORM WIND G60
## 2 1 2
## THUNDERSTORM WIND G61 THUNDERSTORM WIND TREES THUNDERSTORM WIND.
## 1 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREE THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREES THUNDERSTORM WIND/AWNING
## 1 4 1
## THUNDERSTORM WIND/HAIL THUNDERSTORM WIND/LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS
## 1 1 20843
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS LE CEN THUNDERSTORM WINDS 13 THUNDERSTORM WINDS 2
## 1 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS 50 THUNDERSTORM WINDS 52 THUNDERSTORM WINDS 53
## 1 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS 60 THUNDERSTORM WINDS 61 THUNDERSTORM WINDS 62
## 1 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS 63 MPH THUNDERSTORM WINDS AND THUNDERSTORM WINDS FUNNEL CLOU
## 1 2 2
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS G THUNDERSTORM WINDS G60 THUNDERSTORM WINDS HAIL
## 2 1 61
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS HEAVY RAIN THUNDERSTORM WINDS LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS SMALL STREA
## 1 7 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS URBAN FLOOD THUNDERSTORM WINDS. THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ FLOOD
## 1 3 2
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ HAIL THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLASH FLOOD THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLOODING
## 1 1 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FUNNEL CLOU THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HAIL THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HEAVY RAIN
## 1 24 1
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS53 THUNDERSTORM WINDSHAIL THUNDERSTORM WINDSS
## 1 1 51
## THUNDERSTORM WINS THUNDERSTORMS THUNDERSTORMS WIND
## 1 4 6
## THUNDERSTORMS WINDS THUNDERSTORMW THUNDERSTORMW 50
## 14 1 1
## THUNDERSTORMW WINDS THUNDERSTORMWINDS THUNDERSTROM WIND
## 3 1 1
## THUNDERSTROM WINDS THUNDERTORM WINDS THUNDERTSORM WIND
## 2 3 1
## THUNDESTORM WINDS THUNERSTORM WINDS TIDAL FLOOD
## 2 1 1
## Tidal Flooding TIDAL FLOODING TORNADO
## 5 20 60652
## TORNADO DEBRIS TORNADO F0 TORNADO F1
## 1 19 4
## TORNADO F2 TORNADO F3 TORNADO/WATERSPOUT
## 3 2 1
## TORNADOES TORNADOES, TSTM WIND, HAIL TORNADOS
## 2 1 1
## TORNDAO TORRENTIAL RAIN Torrential Rainfall
## 1 1 1
## TROPICAL DEPRESSION TROPICAL STORM TROPICAL STORM ALBERTO
## 60 690 1
## TROPICAL STORM DEAN TROPICAL STORM GORDON TROPICAL STORM JERRY
## 2 1 3
## TSTM TSTM HEAVY RAIN Tstm Wind
## 1 3 2
## TSTM WIND TSTM WIND (G45) TSTM WIND (41)
## 219940 1 1
## TSTM WIND (G35) TSTM WIND (G40) TSTM WIND (G45)
## 1 10 39
## TSTM WIND 40 TSTM WIND 45 TSTM WIND 50
## 1 1 1
## TSTM WIND 51 TSTM WIND 52 TSTM WIND 55
## 2 5 3
## TSTM WIND 65) TSTM WIND AND LIGHTNING TSTM WIND DAMAGE
## 1 1 1
## TSTM WIND G45 TSTM WIND G58 TSTM WIND/HAIL
## 1 1 1028
## TSTM WINDS TSTM WND TSTMW
## 6 1 1
## TSUNAMI TUNDERSTORM WIND TYPHOON
## 20 1 11
## Unseasonable Cold UNSEASONABLY COLD UNSEASONABLY COOL
## 1 23 12
## UNSEASONABLY COOL & WET UNSEASONABLY DRY UNSEASONABLY HOT
## 2 56 10
## UNSEASONABLY WARM UNSEASONABLY WARM & WET UNSEASONABLY WARM AND DRY
## 126 1 13
## UNSEASONABLY WARM YEAR UNSEASONABLY WARM/WET UNSEASONABLY WET
## 2 2 19
## UNSEASONAL LOW TEMP UNSEASONAL RAIN UNUSUAL WARMTH
## 2 2 10
## UNUSUAL/RECORD WARMTH UNUSUALLY COLD UNUSUALLY LATE SNOW
## 2 8 1
## UNUSUALLY WARM URBAN AND SMALL URBAN AND SMALL STREAM
## 4 2 3
## URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOOD URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOODIN Urban flood
## 3 6 1
## Urban Flood URBAN FLOOD URBAN FLOOD LANDSLIDE
## 1 249 1
## Urban Flooding URBAN FLOODING URBAN FLOODS
## 1 98 3
## URBAN SMALL URBAN SMALL STREAM FLOOD URBAN/SMALL
## 1 2 2
## URBAN/SMALL FLOODING URBAN/SMALL STREAM URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD
## 1 8 2
## URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOODING URBAN/SMALL STRM FLDG
## 30 4 1
## URBAN/SML STREAM FLD URBAN/SML STREAM FLDG URBAN/STREET FLOODING
## 3392 1 3
## VERY DRY VERY WARM VOG
## 2 1 1
## Volcanic Ash VOLCANIC ASH Volcanic Ash Plume
## 1 22 1
## VOLCANIC ASHFALL VOLCANIC ERUPTION WAKE LOW WIND
## 3 2 2
## WALL CLOUD WALL CLOUD/FUNNEL CLOUD WARM DRY CONDITIONS
## 5 1 1
## WARM WEATHER WATER SPOUT WATERSPOUT
## 1 1 3796
## WATERSPOUT FUNNEL CLOUD WATERSPOUT TORNADO WATERSPOUT-
## 1 1 10
## WATERSPOUT-TORNADO WATERSPOUT/ WATERSPOUT/ TORNADO
## 2 1 2
## WATERSPOUT/TORNADO WATERSPOUTS WAYTERSPOUT
## 8 37 1
## wet micoburst WET MICROBURST Wet Month
## 1 6 4
## WET SNOW WET WEATHER Wet Year
## 1 1 4
## Whirlwind WHIRLWIND WILD FIRES
## 2 1 4
## WILD/FOREST FIRE WILD/FOREST FIRES WILDFIRE
## 1457 1 2761
## WILDFIRES Wind WIND
## 8 6 340
## WIND ADVISORY WIND AND WAVE WIND CHILL
## 12 1 18
## WIND CHILL/HIGH WIND Wind Damage WIND DAMAGE
## 1 4 27
## WIND GUSTS WIND STORM WIND/HAIL
## 3 1 1
## WINDS WINTER MIX WINTER STORM
## 36 3 11433
## WINTER STORM HIGH WINDS WINTER STORM/HIGH WIND WINTER STORM/HIGH WINDS
## 1 1 1
## WINTER STORMS Winter Weather WINTER WEATHER
## 3 19 7026
## WINTER WEATHER MIX WINTER WEATHER/MIX WINTERY MIX
## 6 1104 2
## Wintry mix Wintry Mix WINTRY MIX
## 3 1 90
## WND
## 1处理经济损失变量
损失变量有指数符号（K = 千, M = 百万, B = 十亿）：
# 定义转换函数
convert_exp <- function(value, exp) {
exp <- toupper(exp)
if (exp == "K") {
return(value * 1000)
} else if (exp == "M") {
return(value * 1e6)
} else if (exp == "B") {
return(value * 1e9)
} else {
return(value)
}
}
# 计算财产损失和农作物损失（美元）
storm_subset <- storm_subset %>%
mutate(
PROPDMG_VALUE = mapply(convert_exp, PROPDMG, PROPDMGEXP),
CROPDMG_VALUE = mapply(convert_exp, CROPDMG, CROPDMGEXP),
TOTAL_DAMAGE = PROPDMG_VALUE + CROPDMG_VALUE
)结果
问题1：哪些事件对人群健康危害最大？
# 计算每个事件类型造成的伤亡总数
health_impact <- storm_subset %>%
group_by(EVTYPE) %>%
summarise(
total_fatalities = sum(FATALITIES, na.rm = TRUE),
total_injuries = sum(INJURIES, na.rm = TRUE),
total_casualties = total_fatalities + total_injuries
) %>%
arrange(desc(total_casualties)) %>%
head(10)
# 绘制条形图
health_impact %>%
pivot_longer(cols = c(total_fatalities, total_injuries),
names_to = "type",
values_to = "count") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = reorder(EVTYPE, -total_casualties), y = count, fill = type)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
labs(title = "对人群健康影响最大的10种事件类型",
x = "事件类型",
y = "伤亡人数",
fill = "伤亡类型") +
theme_minimal() +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))
从图中可以看出，龙卷风（TORNADO）造成的伤亡人数远远超过其他事件类型，是对人群健康危害最大的事件。
问题2：哪些事件造成的经济后果最大？
# 计算每个事件类型造成的经济损失
economic_impact <- storm_subset %>%
group_by(EVTYPE) %>%
summarise(
total_property = sum(PROPDMG_VALUE, na.rm = TRUE),
total_crop = sum(CROPDMG_VALUE, na.rm = TRUE),
total_economic = total_property + total_crop
) %>%
arrange(desc(total_economic)) %>%
head(10)
# 绘制条形图
economic_impact %>%
pivot_longer(cols = c(total_property, total_crop),
names_to = "type",
values_to = "amount") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = reorder(EVTYPE, -total_economic), y = amount / 1e9, fill = type)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
labs(title = "经济后果最大的10种事件类型",
x = "事件类型",
y = "经济损失（十亿美元）",
fill = "损失类型") +
theme_minimal() +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))
从图中可以看出，洪水（FLOOD）造成的经济损失最大，其次是飓风/台风（HURRICANE/TYPHOON）和风暴潮（STORM SURGE）。
总损失对比
# 汇总数据
total_summary <- storm_subset %>%
summarise(
total_fatalities = sum(FATALITIES, na.rm = TRUE),
total_injuries = sum(INJURIES, na.rm = TRUE),
total_property_damage = sum(PROPDMG_VALUE, na.rm = TRUE),
total_crop_damage = sum(CROPDMG_VALUE, na.rm = TRUE),
total_economic_damage = total_property_damage + total_crop_damage
)
# 输出汇总表
knitr::kable(total_summary,
col.names = c("总死亡人数", "总受伤人数",
"财产损失（美元）", "农作物损失（美元）",
"总经济损失（美元）"),
caption = "风暴数据总体汇总")| 总死亡人数 | 总受伤人数 | 财产损失（美元） | 农作物损失（美元） | 总经济损失（美元） |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15145 | 140528 | 427318650299 | 49104192181 | 476422842480 |