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## ✔ forcats   1.0.1     ✔ stringr   1.6.0
## ✔ ggplot2   4.0.2     ✔ tibble    3.3.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.5     ✔ tidyr     1.3.2
## ✔ purrr     1.2.1     
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## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors

Part 2: Analysis and Questions (5 points)

## # A tibble: 1 × 1
##   total_us_imported
##               <dbl>
## 1            425002
## # A tibble: 1 × 3
##   total_us_imported total_africa_embarked proportion_of_africa_to_us
##               <dbl>                 <dbl>                      <dbl>
## 1            425002               8294295                     0.0512
## # A tibble: 26 × 2
##    decade total_imported
##     <dbl>          <dbl>
##  1   1610             29
##  2   1620              3
##  3   1630             73
##  4   1640             81
##  5   1650            607
##  6   1660            544
##  7   1670           1330
##  8   1680           2433
##  9   1690           3936
## 10   1700          11629
## # ℹ 16 more rows

Part 3: Visualizations and Publication (2 points)

Comments
  • The data shows that a large number of enslaved people were imported into the United States across many recorded voyages. This total combines both the Trans-Atlantic and Intra-American slave trade datasets.
  • Only a portion of enslaved people taken from Africa were ultimately transported to the United States. Many were instead sent to other parts of the Americas, especially the Caribbean and South America.
  • The graph shows that slave imports to the United States increased sharply during the 1700s and peaked in the late eighteenth century before declining in the nineteenth century.
Summary
  • This analysis examined patterns in the Trans-Atlantic and Intra-American slave trades using R and the tidyverse. After cleaning and combining the datasets, we calculated the total number of enslaved people imported into the United States and compared it to the total number taken from Africa. The results show that while the United States imported many enslaved people, a larger share of the slave trade was directed to other regions in the Americas. The visualization of imports by decade highlights the growth of the slave trade in the eighteenth century and its decline in the nineteenth century.