Introducción

Información obtenida del Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) de los aeropuertos de todo el mundo.

Instalar paquetes y llamar librerías

# install.packages("riem")
library(riem)
# install.packages("tidyverse")
library(tidyverse)
## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr     1.1.4     ✔ readr     2.1.6
## ✔ forcats   1.0.1     ✔ stringr   1.6.0
## ✔ ggplot2   4.0.0     ✔ tibble    3.3.0
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.5     ✔ tidyr     1.3.1
## ✔ purrr     1.2.0     
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
# install.packages("ggplot2")
library(ggplot2)
# install.packages("lubridate")
library(lubridate)

Obtener y graficar la información

# PASO 1. Buscar la red (país) - Ejemplo: México, y copiar CODE
view(riem_networks())

# PASO 2. Buscar la estación (ciudad) - Ejemplo: Monterrey, y copiar ID
view(riem_stations("MX__ASOS"))

# PASO 3. Obtener información de la estación
monterrey <- riem_measures("MMMY", date_start = "2026-02-26")

# Análisis Descriptivo
summary(monterrey)
##    station              valid                          tmpf       
##  Length:22          Min.   :2026-02-26 00:42:00   Min.   : 60.80  
##  Class :character   1st Qu.:2026-02-26 05:55:00   1st Qu.: 66.65  
##  Mode  :character   Median :2026-02-26 11:10:00   Median : 75.20  
##                     Mean   :2026-02-26 11:10:10   Mean   : 79.95  
##                     3rd Qu.:2026-02-26 16:25:00   3rd Qu.: 93.65  
##                     Max.   :2026-02-26 21:40:00   Max.   :102.20  
##                                                                   
##       dwpf            relh            drct            sknt             p01i  
##  Min.   :30.20   Min.   : 8.14   Min.   :  0.0   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :0  
##  1st Qu.:32.45   1st Qu.:12.23   1st Qu.:100.0   1st Qu.: 4.250   1st Qu.:0  
##  Median :37.40   Median :22.86   Median :280.0   Median : 7.000   Median :0  
##  Mean   :38.22   Mean   :28.05   Mean   :198.2   Mean   : 6.955   Mean   :0  
##  3rd Qu.:44.15   3rd Qu.:42.01   3rd Qu.:300.0   3rd Qu.:10.000   3rd Qu.:0  
##  Max.   :48.20   Max.   :59.02   Max.   :330.0   Max.   :15.000   Max.   :0  
##                                                                              
##       alti            mslp           vsby            gust       skyc1          
##  Min.   :29.71   Min.   :1004   Min.   : 8.00   Min.   :14   Length:22         
##  1st Qu.:29.76   1st Qu.:1006   1st Qu.:10.00   1st Qu.:14   Class :character  
##  Median :29.77   Median :1007   Median :10.00   Median :14   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   :29.77   Mean   :1007   Mean   :11.91   Mean   :14                     
##  3rd Qu.:29.80   3rd Qu.:1008   3rd Qu.:15.00   3rd Qu.:14                     
##  Max.   :29.82   Max.   :1008   Max.   :15.00   Max.   :14                     
##                  NA's   :15                     NA's   :21                     
##   skyc2          skyc3          skyc4          skyl1          skyl2        
##  Mode:logical   Mode:logical   Mode:logical   Mode:logical   Mode:logical  
##  NA's:22        NA's:22        NA's:22        NA's:22        NA's:22       
##                                                                            
##                                                                            
##                                                                            
##                                                                            
##                                                                            
##   skyl3          skyl4         wxcodes        ice_accretion_1hr
##  Mode:logical   Mode:logical   Mode:logical   Mode:logical     
##  NA's:22        NA's:22        NA's:22        NA's:22          
##                                                                
##                                                                
##                                                                
##                                                                
##                                                                
##  ice_accretion_3hr ice_accretion_6hr peak_wind_gust peak_wind_drct
##  Mode:logical      Mode:logical      Mode:logical   Mode:logical  
##  NA's:22           NA's:22           NA's:22        NA's:22       
##                                                                   
##                                                                   
##                                                                   
##                                                                   
##                                                                   
##  peak_wind_time      feel          metar           snowdepth     
##  Mode:logical   Min.   :60.80   Length:22          Mode:logical  
##  NA's:22        1st Qu.:66.65   Class :character   NA's:22       
##                 Median :75.20   Mode  :character                 
##                 Mean   :77.78                                    
##                 3rd Qu.:88.92                                    
##                 Max.   :95.76                                    
## 
str(monterrey)
## tibble [22 × 30] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
##  $ station          : chr [1:22] "MMMY" "MMMY" "MMMY" "MMMY" ...
##  $ valid            : POSIXct[1:22], format: "2026-02-26 00:42:00" "2026-02-26 01:40:00" ...
##  $ tmpf             : num [1:22] 89.6 84.2 77 73.4 69.8 68 66.2 66.2 62.6 60.8 ...
##  $ dwpf             : num [1:22] 39.2 37.4 37.4 39.2 42.8 44.6 46.4 48.2 46.4 46.4 ...
##  $ relh             : num [1:22] 17.1 18.9 23.9 29 37.6 ...
##  $ drct             : num [1:22] 130 50 130 100 100 0 0 0 300 290 ...
##  $ sknt             : num [1:22] 8 10 5 4 5 0 0 0 5 7 ...
##  $ p01i             : num [1:22] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
##  $ alti             : num [1:22] 29.7 29.7 29.8 29.8 29.8 ...
##  $ mslp             : num [1:22] NA NA 1007 NA NA ...
##  $ vsby             : num [1:22] 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 ...
##  $ gust             : num [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ skyc1            : chr [1:22] "CLR" "CLR" "CLR" "CLR" ...
##  $ skyc2            : logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ skyc3            : logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ skyc4            : logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ skyl1            : logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ skyl2            : logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ skyl3            : logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ skyl4            : logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ wxcodes          : logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ ice_accretion_1hr: logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ ice_accretion_3hr: logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ ice_accretion_6hr: logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ peak_wind_gust   : logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ peak_wind_drct   : logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ peak_wind_time   : logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ feel             : num [1:22] 85.7 81.4 77 73.4 69.8 ...
##  $ metar            : chr [1:22] "MMMY 260042Z 13008KT 15SM SKC 32/04 A2971" "MMMY 260140Z 05010KT 10SM SKC 29/03 A2973" "MMMY 260241Z 13005KT 10SM SKC 25/03 A2976 RMK SLP068 52027 992" "MMMY 260340Z 10004KT 10SM SKC 23/04 A2978" ...
##  $ snowdepth        : logi [1:22] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
# Filtrar información del último mes
mty_ago_24 <- subset(monterrey, valid >= as.POSIXct("2024-08-01 00:00") &
valid <= as.POSIXct("2024-08-31 23:59"))
# Ejercicio 1: Realizar una gráfica de barras de la temperatura promedio diario en agosto en Monterrey en °C.
# 1) Descargar directamente agosto 2025
monterrey_ago25 <- riem_measures(
  station = "MMMY",
  date_start = "2025-08-01",
  date_end   = "2025-08-31"
)

# 2) Convertir temperatura a °C
monterrey_ago25 <- monterrey_ago25 %>%
  mutate(
    tmpf = as.numeric(tmpf),
    temp_c = (tmpf - 32) * 5/9,
    fecha = as.Date(valid)
  ) %>%
  filter(!is.na(temp_c))

# 3) Promedio diario
temp_diaria <- monterrey_ago25 %>%
  group_by(fecha) %>%
  summarise(temp_promedio = mean(temp_c, na.rm = TRUE), .groups = "drop")

# 4) Gráfica
ggplot(temp_diaria, aes(x = fecha, y = temp_promedio)) +
  geom_col() +
  labs(
    title = "Temperatura Promedio Diaria en Monterrey - Agosto 2025",
    x = "Fecha",
    y = "Temperatura Promedio (°C)"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))