Characterisation
Cohort name
prostate_cancer
prostatectomy
radiotheraphy
Variable name Variable level Estimate name
CDM name
CPRD Aurum CPRD GOLD CPRD Aurum CPRD GOLD CPRD Aurum CPRD GOLD
Number records – N 19,767 1,844 35,471 1,505 99,596 4,836
Number subjects – N 19,767 1,844 17,534 1,043 22,794 2,062
Cohort start date – Median [Q25 - Q75] 2015-06-02 [2013-05-08 - 2017-04-13] 2013-08-29 [2012-03-14 - 2015-05-20] 2017-05-25 [2014-04-25 - 2019-11-26] 2014-01-03 [2012-01-23 - 2016-04-07] 2015-08-19 [2013-06-17 - 2018-01-31] 2014-02-26 [2012-06-08 - 2015-12-31]
Range 2000-02-17 to 2018-12-31 2005-12-02 to 2018-12-20 1976-01-01 to 2023-10-10 1992-08-10 to 2022-08-12 1955-01-01 to 2023-10-05 1994-04-27 to 2022-09-30
Cohort end date – Median [Q25 - Q75] 2015-06-02 [2013-05-08 - 2017-04-13] 2013-08-29 [2012-03-14 - 2015-05-20] 2017-05-25 [2014-04-25 - 2019-11-26] 2014-01-03 [2012-01-23 - 2016-04-07] 2015-08-19 [2013-06-17 - 2018-01-31] 2014-02-26 [2012-06-08 - 2015-12-31]
Range 2000-02-17 to 2018-12-31 2005-12-02 to 2018-12-20 1976-01-01 to 2023-10-10 1992-08-10 to 2022-08-12 1955-01-01 to 2023-10-05 1994-04-27 to 2022-09-30
Last psa Unknown N (%) 845 (4.27%) 79 (4.28%) 1,285 (3.62%) 86 (5.71%) 5,936 (5.96%) 303 (6.27%)
[0, 3) N (%) 935 (4.73%) 103 (5.59%) 6,021 (16.97%) 109 (7.24%) 23,007 (23.10%) 1,035 (21.40%)
[10, 20) N (%) 4,311 (21.81%) 404 (21.91%) 6,694 (18.87%) 298 (19.80%) 17,920 (17.99%) 1,021 (21.11%)
[20, 40) N (%) 1,345 (6.80%) 158 (8.57%) 1,535 (4.33%) 53 (3.52%) 10,306 (10.35%) 455 (9.41%)
[3, 6) N (%) 4,710 (23.83%) 425 (23.05%) 9,028 (25.45%) 421 (27.97%) 12,728 (12.78%) 500 (10.34%)
[40, inf) N (%) 794 (4.02%) 77 (4.18%) 303 (0.85%) 17 (1.13%) 9,918 (9.96%) 571 (11.81%)
[6, 10) N (%) 6,827 (34.54%) 598 (32.43%) 10,605 (29.90%) 521 (34.62%) 19,781 (19.86%) 951 (19.67%)
Last gleason 2 to 6 N (%) 6,390 (32.33%) 620 (33.62%) 4,511 (12.72%) 287 (19.07%) 8,189 (8.22%) 641 (13.25%)
7 N (%) 10,069 (50.94%) 929 (50.38%) 16,388 (46.20%) 842 (55.95%) 42,388 (42.56%) 2,207 (45.64%)
8 to 10 N (%) 2,478 (12.54%) 214 (11.61%) 3,528 (9.95%) 171 (11.36%) 29,789 (29.91%) 1,364 (28.21%)
>10 N (%) <5 – <5 – 41 (0.04%) <5
Unknown N (%) 827 (4.18%) 81 (4.39%) 11,043 (31.13%) 205 (13.62%) 19,189 (19.27%) 622 (12.86%)
Age – Median [Q25 - Q75] 68 [63 - 74] 69 [64 - 75] 65 [59 - 69] 64 [59 - 68] 71 [66 - 76] 72 [67 - 76]
Mean (SD) 68.25 (8.39) 69.01 (8.32) 63.95 (6.93) 63.55 (6.56) 70.66 (7.36) 71.13 (7.12)
Range 36 to 96 40 to 92 36 to 98 39 to 88 20 to 102 44 to 99
Sex Male N (%) 19,767 (100.00%) 1,844 (100.00%) 35,471 (100.00%) 1,505 (100.00%) 99,596 (100.00%) 4,836 (100.00%)
Prior observation – Median [Q25 - Q75] 7,588 [4,933 - 11,266] 5,142 [3,982 - 6,344] 7,606 [4,960 - 10,979] 5,316 [3,969 - 6,660] 7,944 [5,385 - 11,550] 5,506 [4,372 - 6,820]
Mean (SD) 8,711.39 (5,372.15) 5,165.42 (1,963.12) 8,450.98 (4,985.33) 5,269.69 (2,102.58) 9,113.24 (5,279.31) 5,541.84 (1,952.40)
Range 207 to 34,318 287 to 10,541 0 to 28,318 108 to 10,944 0 to 34,093 103 to 11,328
Future observation – Median [Q25 - Q75] 2,538 [1,927 - 3,328] 1,895 [1,192 - 2,580] 1,983 [1,120 - 3,045] 1,759 [984 - 2,652] 2,203 [1,334 - 3,154] 1,694 [756 - 2,466]
Mean (SD) 2,594.43 (1,032.46) 1,922.60 (953.40) 2,146.98 (1,326.03) 1,865.14 (1,203.81) 2,267.12 (1,325.82) 1,717.33 (1,136.70)
Range 27 to 8,644 16 to 4,886 0 to 15,194 0 to 9,884 0 to 20,948 0 to 9,278
Days in cohort – Median [Q25 - Q75] 1 [1 - 1] 1 [1 - 1] 1 [1 - 1] 1 [1 - 1] 1 [1 - 1] 1 [1 - 1]
Mean (SD) 1.00 (0.00) 1.00 (0.00) 1.00 (0.00) 1.00 (0.00) 1.00 (0.00) 1.00 (0.00)
Range 1 to 1 1 to 1 1 to 1 1 to 1 1 to 1 1 to 1
Follow up
Negative Control Outcomes
Outcomes
Outcome Reference Comparator Estimate name
Cdm name
CPRD Aurum CPRD GOLD
Meain Outcome
death cohort untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.95 [0.65 - 1.39] 0.53 [0.05 - 5.59]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.72 [0.64 - 0.82] 0.44 [0.18 - 1.09]
prostatectomy HR 0.24 [0.20 - 0.29] 0.62 [0.34 - 1.13]
radiotheraphy HR 0.83 [0.75 - 0.93] 0.97 [0.62 - 1.53]
erectile dysfunction broad untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.92 [0.82 - 1.02] 0.97 [0.58 - 1.63]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.87 [0.81 - 0.93] 1.08 [0.80 - 1.46]
prostatectomy HR 2.28 [2.17 - 2.41] 2.70 [2.20 - 3.32]
radiotheraphy HR 1.43 [1.36 - 1.51] 1.29 [1.04 - 1.59]
incontinence broad untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.67 [0.54 - 0.83] 0.83 [0.44 - 1.53]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.91 [0.80 - 1.02] 1.65 [1.13 - 2.42]
prostatectomy HR 2.98 [2.72 - 3.26] 1.97 [1.42 - 2.74]
radiotheraphy HR 1.10 [0.99 - 1.22] 0.86 [0.60 - 1.23]
metastasis untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.74 [0.56 - 0.96] 0.86 [0.06 - 11.38]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 1.16 [1.03 - 1.30] 0.43 [0.09 - 2.09]
prostatectomy HR 0.44 [0.38 - 0.51] 1.16 [0.39 - 3.43]
radiotheraphy HR 0.71 [0.63 - 0.81] 2.77 [1.10 - 6.96]
prostate cancer death untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.42 [0.16 - 1.12] 0.00 [0.00 - Inf]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.98 [0.78 - 1.23] 0.61 [0.08 - 4.73]
prostatectomy HR 0.15 [0.10 - 0.24] 0.17 [0.03 - 1.21]
radiotheraphy HR 1.13 [0.92 - 1.38] 1.33 [0.63 - 2.84]
Secondary Outcome
acute myocardial infarction untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 1.08 [0.80 - 1.45] 0.00 [0.00 - Inf]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.90 [0.76 - 1.07] 1.81 [1.05 - 3.11]
prostatectomy HR 1.07 [0.92 - 1.26] 0.61 [0.34 - 1.08]
radiotheraphy HR 0.98 [0.84 - 1.14] 0.71 [0.45 - 1.13]
androgen deprivation untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 1.05 [1.01 - 1.09] 0.95 [0.85 - 1.07]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 1.01 [0.98 - 1.05] 1.04 [0.93 - 1.15]
prostatectomy HR 0.80 [0.77 - 0.83] 0.87 [0.78 - 0.97]
radiotheraphy HR 0.93 [0.89 - 0.96] 0.89 [0.80 - 0.99]
angina untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.59 [0.49 - 0.71] 0.90 [0.48 - 1.69]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.96 [0.87 - 1.06] 1.14 [0.81 - 1.62]
prostatectomy HR 0.73 [0.66 - 0.81] 0.98 [0.71 - 1.36]
radiotheraphy HR 0.84 [0.76 - 0.92] 0.92 [0.68 - 1.24]
anxiety broad untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.78 [0.67 - 0.90] 0.74 [0.41 - 1.34]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.96 [0.87 - 1.05] 0.91 [0.59 - 1.42]
prostatectomy HR 0.87 [0.79 - 0.95] 1.09 [0.76 - 1.56]
radiotheraphy HR 0.87 [0.80 - 0.95] 1.16 [0.83 - 1.62]
anxiety narrow untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.79 [0.68 - 0.91] 0.71 [0.38 - 1.32]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.98 [0.89 - 1.07] 0.91 [0.59 - 1.42]
prostatectomy HR 0.88 [0.81 - 0.97] 1.05 [0.73 - 1.52]
radiotheraphy HR 0.89 [0.82 - 0.97] 1.14 [0.81 - 1.59]
any fracture untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.76 [0.57 - 1.00] 0.22 [0.03 - 1.85]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.88 [0.79 - 0.99] 0.35 [0.14 - 0.83]
prostatectomy HR 0.53 [0.46 - 0.60] 0.40 [0.22 - 0.74]
radiotheraphy HR 0.79 [0.70 - 0.88] 0.64 [0.42 - 0.98]
atherosclerosis untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 1.17 [0.98 - 1.41] 0.83 [0.35 - 1.98]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 1.09 [0.98 - 1.20] 1.14 [0.75 - 1.74]
prostatectomy HR 0.72 [0.65 - 0.81] 1.00 [0.73 - 1.37]
radiotheraphy HR 0.99 [0.90 - 1.09] 0.97 [0.74 - 1.27]
deep vein thrombosis narrow overall untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.69 [0.47 - 1.01] 0.75 [0.13 - 4.42]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 1.20 [0.98 - 1.47] 1.98 [1.05 - 3.76]
prostatectomy HR 1.21 [0.99 - 1.47] 0.72 [0.32 - 1.62]
radiotheraphy HR 1.29 [1.07 - 1.56] 0.87 [0.43 - 1.78]
deep vein thrombosis narrow primary untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.69 [0.47 - 1.01] 0.75 [0.13 - 4.42]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 1.20 [0.98 - 1.47] 1.98 [1.05 - 3.76]
prostatectomy HR 1.21 [0.99 - 1.47] 0.72 [0.32 - 1.62]
radiotheraphy HR 1.29 [1.07 - 1.56] 0.87 [0.43 - 1.78]
depression broad untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.88 [0.77 - 1.01] 0.86 [0.41 - 1.79]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 1.01 [0.93 - 1.10] 0.67 [0.41 - 1.07]
prostatectomy HR 0.87 [0.79 - 0.95] 0.62 [0.43 - 0.90]
radiotheraphy HR 0.97 [0.90 - 1.06] 1.04 [0.78 - 1.39]
depression narrow untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.88 [0.77 - 1.01] 0.86 [0.41 - 1.79]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 1.01 [0.93 - 1.10] 0.67 [0.41 - 1.07]
prostatectomy HR 0.87 [0.79 - 0.95] 0.62 [0.43 - 0.90]
radiotheraphy HR 0.98 [0.90 - 1.06] 1.04 [0.78 - 1.39]
erectile dysfunction narrow untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 1.04 [0.47 - 2.30] –
Surveillance (6 month) HR 1.32 [0.86 - 2.02] –
prostatectomy HR 3.03 [2.11 - 4.34] 806,000,934.43 [0.00 - Inf]
radiotheraphy HR 0.80 [0.51 - 1.26] –
hypercholesteroloemia untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 1.05 [0.96 - 1.15] 1.12 [0.77 - 1.64]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.91 [0.86 - 0.97] 1.01 [0.78 - 1.33]
prostatectomy HR 0.75 [0.71 - 0.80] 0.98 [0.78 - 1.24]
radiotheraphy HR 0.84 [0.80 - 0.90] 0.87 [0.70 - 1.08]
hypertension untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.99 [0.94 - 1.03] 0.91 [0.75 - 1.11]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 1.04 [1.00 - 1.07] 0.97 [0.84 - 1.12]
prostatectomy HR 0.77 [0.75 - 0.80] 0.75 [0.66 - 0.86]
radiotheraphy HR 0.94 [0.91 - 0.97] 0.96 [0.86 - 1.07]
incontinence narrow untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.74 [0.53 - 1.02] 0.68 [0.25 - 1.82]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.88 [0.75 - 1.04] 1.98 [1.22 - 3.23]
prostatectomy HR 3.57 [3.15 - 4.04] 2.45 [1.61 - 3.73]
radiotheraphy HR 0.92 [0.79 - 1.08] 0.69 [0.42 - 1.15]
injury broad untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.90 [0.54 - 1.50] 0.00 [0.00 - Inf]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.30 [0.24 - 0.36] 4.01 [1.95 - 8.22]
prostatectomy HR 0.17 [0.13 - 0.21] 0.16 [0.04 - 0.59]
radiotheraphy HR 3.19 [2.90 - 3.51] 6.44 [4.39 - 9.45]
injury narrow untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.00 [0.00 - Inf] 0.00 [0.00 - Inf]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.28 [0.22 - 0.34] 4.43 [2.11 - 9.29]
prostatectomy HR 0.13 [0.10 - 0.17] 0.11 [0.02 - 0.56]
radiotheraphy HR 3.28 [2.98 - 3.62] 6.68 [4.52 - 9.86]
ischemic stroke untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.76 [0.49 - 1.17] 0.95 [0.06 - 14.06]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.81 [0.65 - 1.00] 0.61 [0.14 - 2.69]
prostatectomy HR 0.77 [0.63 - 0.96] 0.53 [0.18 - 1.61]
radiotheraphy HR 0.95 [0.79 - 1.16] 0.77 [0.33 - 1.79]
osteoporotic fractures untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 0.65 [0.44 - 0.96] 0.41 [0.04 - 3.93]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.63 [0.54 - 0.73] 0.31 [0.09 - 1.02]
prostatectomy HR 0.53 [0.45 - 0.62] 0.50 [0.22 - 1.13]
radiotheraphy HR 0.65 [0.57 - 0.75] 0.86 [0.49 - 1.52]
pulmonary embolism narrow untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 1.20 [0.85 - 1.70] 0.97 [0.25 - 3.83]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.82 [0.67 - 1.02] 0.86 [0.28 - 2.62]
prostatectomy HR 0.76 [0.62 - 0.94] 0.72 [0.26 - 1.95]
radiotheraphy HR 0.84 [0.68 - 1.02] 1.38 [0.63 - 3.02]
pulmonary embolism primary untreated Surveillance (3 month) HR 1.20 [0.85 - 1.70] 0.97 [0.25 - 3.83]
Surveillance (6 month) HR 0.82 [0.67 - 1.02] 0.86 [0.28 - 2.62]
prostatectomy HR 0.76 [0.62 - 0.94] 0.72 [0.26 - 1.95]
radiotheraphy HR 0.84 [0.68 - 1.02] 1.38 [0.63 - 3.02]