Installing Required Packages install.packages(“readxl”) install.packages(“ggpubr”) install.packages(“dplyr”) install.packages(“effectsize”) install.packages(“effsize”)

Loading required Packages:

library(readxl)
library(ggpubr)
## Loading required package: ggplot2
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(effectsize)
library(effsize)

Loading Dataset:

Dataset6.2 <- read_excel("C:/Users/datta/Downloads/Dataset6.2-2.xlsx")

Calculating Descriptive Statistics for Each Group:

Dataset6.2 %>%
  group_by(Work_Status) %>%
  summarise(
    Mean = mean(Study_Hours, na.rm = TRUE),
    Median = median(Study_Hours, na.rm = TRUE),
    SD = sd(Study_Hours, na.rm = TRUE),
    N = n()
  )
## # A tibble: 2 × 5
##   Work_Status    Mean Median    SD     N
##   <chr>         <dbl>  <dbl> <dbl> <int>
## 1 Does_Not_Work  9.62   8.54  7.45    30
## 2 Works          6.41   5.64  4.41    30

Creating Histograms for Each Group:

hist(Dataset6.2$Study_Hours[Dataset6.2$Work_Status == "Does_Not_Work"],
     main = "Histogram of Study Hours (Does Not Work)",
     xlab = "Study Hours",
     ylab = "Frequency",
     col = "lightblue",
     border = "black",
     breaks = 10)

hist(Dataset6.2$Study_Hours[Dataset6.2$Work_Status == "Works"],
     main = "Histogram of Study Hours (Works)",
     xlab = "Study Hours",
     ylab = "Frequency",
     col = "lightgreen",
     border = "black",
     breaks = 10)

Creating Boxplots for Each Group:

ggboxplot(Dataset6.2, x = "Work_Status", y = "Study_Hours",
          color = "Work_Status",
          palette = "jco",
          add = "jitter")

Shapiro-Wilk Test of Normality:

shapiro.test(Dataset6.2$Study_Hours[Dataset6.2$Work_Status == "Does_Not_Work"])
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  Dataset6.2$Study_Hours[Dataset6.2$Work_Status == "Does_Not_Work"]
## W = 0.83909, p-value = 0.0003695
shapiro.test(Dataset6.2$Study_Hours[Dataset6.2$Work_Status == "Works"])
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  Dataset6.2$Study_Hours[Dataset6.2$Work_Status == "Works"]
## W = 0.94582, p-value = 0.1305

The p-value for not working group is less than .05,the data is abnormal.The working group’s p-value is greater than.05, indicating that the data is normal. Therefore, we must continue using the Mann-Whitney U test in order to do the inferential test.

Conducting Inferential Test : Mann-Whitney U

wilcox.test(Study_Hours ~ Work_Status, data = Dataset6.2)
## 
##  Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
## 
## data:  Study_Hours by Work_Status
## W = 569, p-value = 0.07973
## alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0

The results are not significant because the p-value is more than.05. The effect size does not need to be determined.

Reporting the Results: Study hours for the group that Does Not Work (Mdn = 8.54) were not significantly different from the group that Works (Mdn = 5.64), U = 569, p = 0.07973(>.05).

The effect size was not calculated as the result was not significant.